Dissertations / Theses: 'Schema therapy'

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Louis, John Philip. "Clinical psychology : development of measures for schema therapy." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27350.

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Schema therapy is a leading contemporary approach to treating mental illness. The therapy integrally uses self-report measures of negative schemas (“long lasting patterns of emotions, cognitions and memories”), and the negative parenting patterns that are linked to the development of these schemas. However, the negative parenting measures are insufficient, and there are no corresponding measures of positive schemas or positive parenting patterns. Study 1 focused on the development of a measure for positive schemas, the Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ). Study 2 focused on the development of a measure for positive parenting patterns, the Positive Parenting Schema Inventory (PPSI). Finally, Study 3 empirically showed that the subscales of the Young Parenting Inventory (YPI) were not robust, and it provided a revised alternative (YPI-R2). For all three studies combined, community samples (n = 204 to 628) were collected from five countries in Asia (India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines) as well as the United States. The factor structure of the three instruments (the YPSQ, PPSI and YPI-R2) was stable in both Eastern and Western samples (in multigroup confirmatory factor analysis). All three scales showed prediction of mental health over and above what was possible with previous measures (incremental validity). The scales were not simply proxies for previously measured constructs (divergent validity). These scales also demonstrated significant associations with other established measures of parenting (construct validity). They also showed associations with negative schemas, well-being and ill-being (convergent validity). This thesis provides the tools needed to include a focus on positive as well as negative schemas and parenting patterns in both research and clinical practice. It also shows the benefits of so doing.

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Connan, Verna Joan. "Factor analysis of the short version of the Young Schema Questionnaire." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52265.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In response to increased focus on schemas within cognitive therapy and specifically in the treatment of personality disorders, Young developed an instrument to measure early maladaptive schemas, the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ). The statistical properties of this measure have been investigated, and due to its length, a shortened version was developed (the YSQ-S). In the present study the factor structure of the YSQ-S was investigated in a group of South African undergraduate psychology students (N = 300). In contrast with the findings of the studies done on the YSQ, 14 of Young's 15 schemas were identified as factors in the YSQ-S, corresponding largely with the theoretically underlying structure. A higher order factor analysis solution was also found to resemble the structure proposed by Young.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die groter fokus op skemas binne die kognitiewe terapie, veral met betrekking tot die behandeling van persoonlikheidsversteurings, het daartoe gelei dat Young 'n meetmiddel, naamlik die Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), ontwikkel het om vroeë wanaangepaste skemas ("early maladaptive schemas") te meet. Die statistiese eienskappe van hierdie meetmiddel is reeds nagevors, en as gevolg van die lengte van hierdie meetmiddel, is 'n verkorte weergawe daarvan ontwikkel (YSQ-S). In die huidige studie is die faktoriale struktuur van die YSQ-S by 'n groep Suid Afrikaanse voorgraadse sielkunde studente (N = 300) ondersoek. In teenstelling met die bevindings van vroeëre studies op die YSQ, is 14 van die 15 van Young se skemas as faktore by die YSQ-S geïdentifiseer, wat grootliks ooreengestem het met die teoreties gekonseptualiseerde onderligende struktuur. Die oplossing van 'n hoër-ordefaktorontleding het ook ooreengestem met die struktuur wat deur Young voorgestel is.

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Masley, Samantha. "Exploring the relationship between schema modes, cognitive fusion and eating disorders." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6444.

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Aim: Schema therapy is becoming an increasingly popular psychological model for working with individuals who have a variety of mental health and personality difficulties. The aim of this review is to look at the current evidence base for schema therapy and highlight directions for further research. Method: A systematic search of the literature was conducted up until January 2011. All studies that had clinically tested the efficacy of schema therapy as described by Jeffrey Young (Young, 1994; Young et al., 2003) were considered. These studies underwent detailed quality assessments based on Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN-50) culminating in twelve studies being included in the review. Results: The culminative message (both from the popularity of this model and the medium to large effect sizes) is of a theory which has already demonstrated clinically effective outcomes in a small number of studies and which would benefit from ongoing research and development with complex client groups. Recommendations: It is imperative that psychological practice be guided by high quality research that demonstrates efficacious, evidence based interventions. It is therefore recommended that researchers and clinicians working with schema therapy seek to build on these positive outcomes and further demonstrate the clinical effectiveness of this model through ongoing research.

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Tan, Yeow May. "Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: Patients' and therapists' perceptions." Thesis, Tan, Yeow May (2015) Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: Patients' and therapists' perceptions. Professional Doctorate thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/28415/.

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Schema therapy (ST) is effective in promoting clinically meaningful gains that ameliorate symptomatology for borderline personality disorder (BPD). However very little is known about how the therapy is experienced by patients or therapists including which elements of ST are effective from patients’ and therapists’ perspectives. The aim of this study is to explore BPD patients’ experiences of receiving ST and therapists’ experiences in delivering ST. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 patients who had a primary diagnosis of BPD and eight trained schema therapists. Interview data were analysed following the procedures of inductive, content analysis. Patients’ broad perceptions of ST included the experience of greater self-understanding, better awareness of their own emotional processes and better connections with their emotions. While the process of ST was perceived as emotionally confronting, patient narratives highlighted that this was perceived as necessary. Therapists generally regarded their experience as rewarding based on patients’ positive responses to treatment, and discussed changes made in their professional (e.g. incorporating more ST in their therapy) and personal (e.g. increased self-awareness) lives. However therapists also described being confronted with novel challenging situations despite having years of therapy experience. Patients and therapists were concordant on several therapeutic components of ST (e.g. ST provides insight, benefits of experiential techniques) and some therapeutic group factors not specific to ST (e.g. sense of connection among group members). On the other hand there exists a possible interplay between level of patient dysfunction within the group and therapists’ ability to manage group conflict. Recommendations for more effective implementation of schema therapy are discussed as well as issues for other specialist treatment approaches to BPD particularly concerning termination of therapy and definitions of recovery. Finally implications of the findings are discussed in terms of assessing the suitability of patients for group ST.

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Stuart, Elizabeth A. "A psychometric and experimental evaluation of schema therapy assessment measures." Thesis, Stuart, Elizabeth A. (2021) A psychometric and experimental evaluation of schema therapy assessment measures. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/61821/.

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Understanding measures designed for use in schema therapy is an important step in the overall research to validate these questionnaires and their clinical application. Schema therapists rely on this data to inform clinical treatment from the first session, however, to date no studies have been published on the relationship between the three predominant schema measures’ (Young Schema Questionnaire – Short 3rd Edition [YSQ-S3], Schema Mode Inventory [SMI] and Young Parenting Inventory - Revised [YPI-R]) and their relationship with other measures of psychopathology. This research aims to understand in more depth the psychometric properties of these measures and to also examine experimentally the emotional sensitivity of all three schema therapy measures to exposure to a mood induction procedure (MIP). Following several introductory chapters, data from a community sample (N=379) drawn from Perth, Western Australia, were utilised in a first empirical study (Study 1) in which a preliminary analysis was undertaken to ascertain the basic reliability and construct validity of the three schema measures of interest. It was hypothesised that the YSQ-S3 would demonstrate high internal consistency for the 18 schemas, and these predictions were supported by the findings. In an attempt to provide clarity for the scoring methodology used in this and subsequent chapters, Young’s (1999) original scoring of the Young Parenting Inventory (YPI) and Sheffield et al.’s (2005) scoring of the YPI-R were examined, with the YPI-R being slightly favoured for this sample and, therefore, chosen as the parenting inventory of choice for subsequent analyses in the current research. Study 1 also investigated whether predictive relationships exist between parenting patterns, early maladaptive schemas and schema modes. This was further explored to determine which schema scales could predict adult psychopathology on the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised. The Vulnerable Child mode accounted for variance across all scales within the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), with paternal belittling parenting and maternal emotionally inhibited parenting patterns accounting for much of the variance across the early maladaptive schemas and measures of psychopathology. These results suggest that further studies could be undertaken investigating the role that perceived parenting patterns play in the development of schemas, schema modes and psychopathology. In preparation for the experimental study (Study 2), a small pilot study was conducted with a university student sample (N=9) to determine the music used as a component within the Mood Induction Procedure. This small sample rated music for its effect on their own anger, sadness or lack of any emotion (neutrality); these ratings were used to determine the music to be played for the entire duration of the retest session in Study 2. It was found that music tended to be clustered by genre for mood (e.g., heavy/death metal for anger; minor key, slow tempo, classical music for sadness; and lyric-less dance/electronica music for inducing no discrete emotion/neutrality). The music rated in the pilot study was a key component for the MIP used as the experimental component of Study 2 (N=80), which utilised a test–retest design to determine whether any of the schema measures (or subscales) were sensitive to contemporaneous emotional interference via a mood manipulation during retest. It was hypothesised on theoretical grounds that the early maladaptive schemas should remain stable but the study’s findings did not support this. All three schema measures—YSQ-S3, SMI and YPI-R—were susceptible to mood induction suggesting a pattern of emotional responding. This raises further questions about both the psychometric features of the measures and their construct validity in terms of the role of schemas and schema modes. Given that schemas are theorised to be lifelong and ego-syntonic, and currently measures of such constructs are assumed to be able to retrospectively measure such early schema, an experimental demonstration of the susceptibility of these measures to current mood raises questions about such claims. Thus this thesis contributes to the study of the psychometrics of the schema measures and our understanding of the role that state-based emotion plays in the self-reported expression of schema, parenting patterns and schema modes.

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Durrance, Samantha A. "Closing the suitcase : forensic service users' experiences of imagery in schema therapy." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2011. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/18946/.

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Schema therapy was developed as a treatment for chronic and entrenched psychological difficulties, and has progressed to be used as an offence focused intervention that addresses dynamic risk factors. This thesis investigated the lived experiences of people with diagnoses of personality disorder who had offended and who had used the technique of imagery in schema therapy. This was explored because although the literature around schema therapy demonstrates some support for the effectiveness of schema therapy holistically, the individual components of this therapy have not been explored. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis is felt to be an appropriate methodology to address this gap in the literature as it explored imagery from the perspective of those who had experienced it and also acknowledged the researcher‟s influence in co-constructing the understanding of the experience. This methodology allowed for a starting point of knowledge by beginning to develop an understanding of this area which could potentially inform future research. Semistructured interviews were conducted with six people diagnosed with Personality Disorder, who had offended and who had used imagery in schema therapy. Their experiences were explored using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Throughout analysis a metaphor of life as a journey on which one carries carry emotional baggage resonated and themes were named accordingly. An overarching theme of the life journey (as temporal) enveloped three super-ordinate themes of opening the suitcase (revisiting trauma), unpacking and ordering the contents (therapeutic processes), and closing the suitcase (therapeutic outcomes). The super-ordinate theme of opening the suitcase incorporated a subordinate theme of reconnecting with the childhood self which overlapped with the super-ordinate theme of unpacking and ordering the contents. The super-ordinate theme of unpacking and ordering the contents included three subordinate themes, 1) emotional control (i.e. attempts to control emotions isolate people from others, but losing control of emotions during imagery leads to interpersonal connectedness with the therapist), 2) moving on versus being stuck in the past and 3) the therapeutic relationship as characterized by trust, and meeting needs. The second of these subordinate themes was felt to overlap with the super-ordinate theme of closing the suitcase. The super-ordinate theme of closing the suitcase was felt to contain two subordinate themes of healing the fractured self and applying what has been learned. All three super-ordinate themes were penetrated by another theme; distancing from the trauma (protection from emotional pain). This theme was felt to be embedded within descriptions of revisiting the trauma, re-connecting with the childhood self, emotional control, the therapeutic relationship, healing the fractured self and applying what has been learned. Two other minor themes were also identified relating to use of professional language and avoidance. It was concluded that for the six participants in this study, imagery was described as a process that enabled them to close the suitcase and put it away without fear that its contents would be unintentionally disgorged. These results represent the first qualitative exploration of people's lived experiences of imagery in schema therapy. The results add to the literature around both schema therapy and imagery separately. Although these results are not generalisable, they may be transferable to other groups that have topographically similar experiences and therefore they offer a new way to understand imagery in schema therapy.

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Bastick, Emily. "Group schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: The effects of therapy specific factors versus non-specific factors on outcome." Thesis, Bastick, Emily (2017) Group schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: The effects of therapy specific factors versus non-specific factors on outcome. Professional Doctorate thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/39358/.

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The conclusions from initial research on group schema therapy (GST) are that it is a promising treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD). The overarching aim of this research was to identify whether the unique aspects (or specific factors) of GST effect positive change for patients with BPD. It was hypothesised that both treatment fidelity and group cohesion are important factors in influencing and predicting outcomes in GST for BPD. With the aim in mind, Study One sought refine and evaluate a fidelity measure for GST, the Group Schema Therapy Rating Scale - Revised (GSTRS-R). Following a pilot study on an initial version of the scale, items were revised and guidelines were modified in order to improve the reliability of the scale. Participants included four therapists and 16 patients across two Australian GST groups. Students highly experienced with the scale rated 10 video recorded GST therapy sessions using the GSTRS-R in addition to a group cohesion measure, the Harvard Community Health Plan Group Cohesiveness Scale – II (GCS-II). The resulting GSTRS-R was found to have excellent internal consistency, substantial inter-rater reliability, and adequate discriminate validity, evidenced by a weak positive correlation with the GCS-II. Study Two utilised the GSTRS-R to examine the relative contributions of specific treatment factors related to schema therapy and non-specific factors (group cohesion) on the treatment outcome of GST for BPD. Participants included 30 therapists and 122 patients across 15 GST groups within three countries. Specific treatment factors were assessed using GSTRS-R and group cohesion via the GCSII. There was a significant, moderate positive correlation between treatment fidelity (therapist competence) and group cohesion within the GST groups. Better therapist competence was associated with higher participant retention, with one therapy delivery format having significantly better treatment retention than the other. Neither therapist competence nor group cohesion were found to account for a significant amount of variance in change scores (reduction in BPD symptoms). Thus there appears to be unique aspects of schema therapy that improves retention above common therapy factors such as group cohesion. The limitations and clinical implications of both studies are discussed.

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Saldias, Amber. "Deliberate self-harm in a clinical sample : the impact of schema modes, parental bonding and perceived stress." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7802.

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Introduction: Deliberate self-harm is being increasingly recognised as a behaviour with significant clinical importance. Yet, there remains uncertainty regarding which forms of psychological therapy are most effective for its treatment. Schema Therapy is an integrative psychotherapy blending elements of cognitive behaviour therapy, object relations and gestalt therapy into a unified approach for the treatment of individuals with complex and chronic psychological conditions. The current thesis aimed to provide a better understanding of the Schema Therapy model and its association with deliberate self-harm. Systematic Review: Despite the increasing evidence base for the efficacy of Schema Therapy, less is known about the evidence for its theoretical underpinnings. To address this gap in the literature a systematic review was undertaken to explore the following question: How empirically supported is the theoretical underpinning of Schema Therapy? In a systematic search of the literature conducted until 01 June 2012, studies based on cross-sectional, longitudinal, intervention, meditational and experimental designs were considered. These studies underwent detailed quality analysis culminating in 19 articles being included in the current review. Overall these studies indicate that many of the key theoretical assumptions in Schema Therapy are supported by the literature. Empirical Study: Schema Therapy has recently been expanded to include the ‘schema mode’ concept, with a number of researchers highlighting an association between particular schema modes and a number of chronic psychological conditions. Although the schema mode model allows a method for understanding moment-to-moment emotional states it has not previously been explored in relation to deliberate self-harm. The current project aimed to explore the relationship between these variables and their association with early experiences of parental bonding and current levels of perceived stress. 70 psychiatric outpatients with a history of deliberate self-harm completed a number of measures including the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, Schema Mode Inventory, Parental Bonding Instrument and Perceived Stress Scale. Results revealed significant associations between deliberate self-harm, maladaptive schema modes, perceived stress and patterns of parental care. Maladaptive schema modes significantly mediated the relationship between parental care and deliberate self-harm. The Punitive Parent and Angry Child modes were significant mediators in this relationship. Conclusion: Results from the systematic review support the notion that Schema Therapy has a good theoretical underpinning. The empirical study also supports Schema Therapy by highlighting the meditational role of maladaptive schema modes in the relationship between low parental care in childhood and deliberate self-harm in adulthood. These findings provide further support for the Schema Therapy model and suggest that individuals with deliberate self-harm may benefit from this treatment.

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Lyon, Helen Michelle. "Social cognition and the manic defence : attributions, selective attention and self-schema in bipolar affective disorder." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/social-cognition-and-the-manic-defence-attributions-selective-attention-and-selfschema-in-bipolar-affective-disorder(72447264-6a15-4ba9-8584-1f375c96c627).html.

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Psychological studies in bipolar affective disorder and analogue conditions suggest that mania may be the product of an abnormal defence against depression. In this study, currently manic bipolar individuals, currently depressed bipolar individuals, and normal controls were assessed using explicit and implicit measures of attributional style, an emotional Stroop test with euphoria-related and depression-related words and a recall measure of the selfschema. Manic individuals showed a normal self-serving bias on a version of the explicit attributional style questionnaire, attributing positive events more than negative events to self, in contrast to bipolar-depressed individuals who attributed negative events more than positive events to self. However, on an implicit test of attributional style, both manic and bipolar-depressed individuals attributed negative events more than positive events to self. Both bipolar-manic and bipolar-depressed individuals demonstrated slowed colour naming for depression-related but not euphoriarelated words on an emotional Stroop test. Manic individuals, like normal controls, endorsed primarily positive words as true to self on a self referent questionnaire, but like bipolar-depressed individuals, recalled primarily negative words in a surprise recall test afterwards. Findings from the implicit tests therefore indicate a common form of psychological organisation in manic and depressed individuals, whereas the contrasts between the scores on the implicit and explicit measures are in accord with the hypothesis of a manic-defence. Future avenues for research and implications for treatment are discussed.

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Corbridge, Claire. "The role of emotional inhibition in bulimic disorders : evaluation of a schema-focused model of emotionally-driven eating in bulimia." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299411.

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Torres, Cristian, and Cristian Torres@act gov au. "Early maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions in psychopathy and narcissism." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20031107.130315.

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Personality disorders have traditionally been considered refractory to psychological interventions. Two of the most common, and potentially harmful personality disorders are antisocial personality disorder / psychopathy, and narcissism. Although a great deal of conceptual overlap exists between psychopathy and narcissism, the empirical study of these constructs has proceeded largely independently of one another. Further complicating the discrimination of these constructs is the identification of the bi-factorial nature of psychopathy - conceptualised as primary and secondary psychopathy - as well as the identification of two distinct forms of narcissism, overt and covert. The recent resurgence of interest in the sub-clinical manifestations of these two constructs has led to the development of a number of easily administered instruments to measure each of the psychopathy and narcissism constructs, as dimensional traits, within normal populations. This has provided empirically validated and reliable instruments to further explicate these two overlapping constructs. The first of the two studies reported sought to discriminate between psychopathy and narcissism through the recharacterisation of these constructs in terms of the early maladaptive schemas outlined in Youngs early maladaptive schema theory (Young, 1999). Two hundred and ninety one participants completed questionnaires measuring primary and secondary psychopathy, overt and covert narcissism, and early maladaptive schemas. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that psychopathy and narcissism are discriminable in cognitive-interpersonal terms, as operationalised by early maladaptive schemas. Findings also call into question the earlier observed hierarchical structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire. The current analysis identified a two-factor structure to the schema questionnaire, rather than the previously stated 5-factors. Having demonstrated the usefulness of understanding psychopathy and narcissism in cognitive-interpersonal terms, the second study sought to further clarify the association between psychopathy and narcissism through the reconceptualisation of these constructs in cognitive terms, through the identification of the cognitive distortions operative in each disorder. One hundred and thirty two participants completed a cognitive distortions questionnaire developed by the author, along with the same measures of primary and secondary psychopathy, and overt and covert narcissism, as those administered in study 1. Findings were interpreted as providing support for the notion of psychopathy representing a sub-category of narcissism. Findings also provide further supportive evidence for the validity of the primary / secondary psychopathy, and overt / covert narcissism distinctions. The further clarification of the factor structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire, and the replication of the reliability and construct validity of the measure of cognitive distortions developed for this research are highlighted as areas for future research.

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Seixas, Carlos Eduardo. "ASSOCIAÇÃO DE ESQUEMAS INICIAIS DESADAPTATIVOS EM TRANSTORNOS DO EIXO I." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10336.

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The present study aimed to assess whether there is an association of Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) in acute Axis I disorders in a mixed clinical population of 21 women and 10 men, aged between 18 and 57 years. For this purpose, two evaluation instruments were used: the Young Schema Questionnaire - Short version (YSQ-S3) and the MINI diagnostic interview Plus Version 5.0.0. For this method, cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach was performed. The sample allowed us to evaluate the association of EMS with the diagnostic category of anxiety, mood, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia and GAD. After collecting data, the data were subjected to statistical analyzes, performed by Fisher's exact test procedures. The results were the significance p 043 Subjugation of the EID for the group of anxiety disorders and a significance p 048 second schematic Domain - Autonomy and impaired performance for comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia and GAD, compared to other diagnostic found in studies of anxiety. No associations of EMS for bipolarity GAD and mood disorders were found. The current literature indicates that the Schema Theory has been applied most often to personality disorders, however the stability of Early Maladaptive Schemas combine as a vulnerability factor for mood disorders and anxiety. Therefore, Schema Therapy has shown relevance for acute disorders, especially among the more chronic cases of mood and anxiety disorders, which have high levels of EMS. Research is needed to strengthen this assertion and better identify cases that may benefit most.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal averiguar a existência de associação de Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos (EIDs) em transtornos agudos de Eixo I numa amostra clínica mista de 21 mulheres e 10 homens, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 57 anos. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos de avaliação: o Questionário de Esquemas de Young - versão breve (YSQ-S3) e a entrevista diagnóstica M.I.N.I. Plus Version 5.0.0. Para tal, foi realizado como método um estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra possibilitou avaliar associação de EIDs com a categoria diagnóstica de ansiedade, de humor, de bipolaridade, de transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG) e da comorbidade de transtorno de pânico com agorafobia e TAG. Após a coleta, os dados foram submetidos a procedimentos estatísticos e análises realizadas através do Teste Exato de Fisher. Os resultados encontrados foram uma significância p 0,043 do EID de Subjugação para o grupo de transtornos de ansiedade e uma significância p 0,048 do segundo Domínio esquemático Autonomia e desempenho prejudicados para a comorbidade de pânico com agorafobia e TAG, em comparação aos outros diagnósticos de ansiedade encontrados nos estudos. Não foram encontradas significâncias de EIDs para bipolaridade, TAG e em transtornos de humor. A literatura atual aponta que a Teoria do Esquema tem sido aplicada mais frequentemente a perturbações da personalidade, entretanto a estabilidade dos Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos combinam como um fator de vulnerabilidade para transtornos de humor e ansiedade. Assim sendo, a Terapia do Esquema vem apresentando relevância para os transtornos agudos, especialmente entre os casos mais crônicos de humor e ansiedade, que apresentam níveis elevados de EIDs. Pesquisas ainda são necessárias para reforçar tal afirmação e identificar melhor os casos que podem se beneficiar mais.

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Jesinoski, Mark S. "Young's Schema Theory: Exploring the Direct and Indirect Links Between Negative Childhood Experiences and Temperament to Negative Affectivity In Adulthood." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/845.

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Young's schema theory offers a theoretical approach that relates negative childhood experiences, temperament, and early maladaptive schema, to the experience of negative affect and/or depression in adulthood. However, despite the widespread use of schema therapy in clinical practice, little research has explored the pathways theorized by Young. This study explored the pathways posited by Young and colleagues looking at the direct and indirect relationships among negative childhood experience, temperament, early maladaptive schema, and the experience of negative affect in adulthood. Self-report data were collected from 365 undergraduate students. Results demonstrated consistent and robust direct relationships between temperament and negative affect, as well as indirect relationships between temperament and/or NCE, schema, and the outcome of negative affect. Results, though mixed, reveal strengths of the schema therapy model and provide suggestions for future research.

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Walker, Joanna Louise. "How do healthy individuals adapt to reversed vision generated when using mirror specs? : an investigation into mirror devices, adaptation to body schema and imagery ability in healthy participants." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5629.

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Introduction: This study investigates a new form of Mirror Therapy (MT), the Mirror Specs. Evidence suggests that MT is a non-invasive, cost effective method of reducing pain and increasing functioning in some chronic pain conditions. There is no clear explanation for the underlying mechanisms of MT, however, a plausible hypothesis suggests that adaptation to the Body Schema is an integral component. Aims and Hypotheses: The current study examined Body Schema adaptation in healthy participants when performing a Finger Tapping Task with both Mirror Specs and a Mirror Box. It was hypothesised that adaptation would be indicated by increases in Reaction Times (RTs) and Error Rates when comparing unimanual phases of a Finger Tapping Task, following a bimanual „adaptation‟ phase. It was hypothesised that there would be no difference between participants‟ ability to adapt to each device. Finally, the study proposed that there would be a relationship between the adaptation observed on the Finger Tapping Task and participants individual imagery abilities. Method: Participants performed 4 phases of a Finger Tapping Task with alternate bimanual and unimanual phases when using both the Mirror Specs and Mirror Box. Imagery abilities were measured using self-report questionnaires and a Motor Imagery computer task. Results and Discussion: Repeated Measures ANOVAs revealed reductions in RTs and Error Rates in Phase 3 compared to Phase 1 on the Finger Tapping Task. There were no differences between RTs and Error Rates when using the Mirror Specs and Mirror Box. These findings suggest that healthy participants were able to use each Mirror Device effectively and this provide impetus for the proposal that Mirror Specs could provide a practical, cost effective addition to rehabilitation services. Finally, there were no clinically significant relationships between use of the Mirror Devices and imagery abilities, thereby indicating imagery abilities did not influence how participants adapted to using the Mirror Devices.

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Fioravante, Melissa Gevezier. "Uma análise comparativa entre a Terapia Cognitiva de Aaron Beck e a Terapia do Esquema de Jeffrey Young." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6932.

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Este estudo tem por objetivo dissertar sobre as confluências e divergências teóricas entre a Terapia Cognitiva de Aaron Beck e a Terapia do Esquema de Jeffrey Young. Nos últimos 30 anos, surgiu um esforço de alargamento das terapias cognitivas para atender pacientes com patologias graves e com transtornos de personalidade, pois esses casos acabavam por não responder, de maneira satisfatória, ao tratamento de terapia cognitiva tradicional. Dentro desta perspectiva, as diferentes abordagens são definidas em 1ª geração e 2ª geração de terapias cognitivas. A distinção entre ambas as gerações ocorre na adaptação de três pontos importantes: conceitual, estrutural e de processo. Atualmente, observa-se o crescimento de Terapias Cognitivas com proposta integrativa, às quais, além de apresentarem características pertencentes as três abordagens, somam-se preocupações pertinentes às diferenças culturais e espiritualidade. A Terapia dos Esquemas surgiu em 1990 para tratar pacientes com transtornos de personalidade ou transtornos mais severos e arraigados. Através deste estudo, buscou-se analisar as semelhanças e divergências entre os conceitos e hipóteses usados em ambas as teorias: o conceito de “esquema”, o papel da emoção, perspectiva de tratamento para pacientes com transtorno de personalidade e pacientes caracteriológicos ou com transtornos crônicos, o modelo modal e a relação terapêutica e escalas utilizadas. Analisando o conceito de esquema na Terapia do Esquema, observa-se que a definição é significativamente vaga. Quanto à origem dos esquemas disfuncionais, a Terapia Cognitiva aponta para uma falha no processamento de informação diante das situações vivenciadas na realidade. Já a Teoria do Esquema, os esquemas pessoais refletem com bastante precisão o seu ambiente remoto. Quanto ao aspecto relacionado à relação terapêutica, Young apropria-se da ideia de “experiência emocional corretiva” de Alexander e French para dar formas ao seu constructo denominado reparação parental limitada, cujo objetivo é diminuir conflitos remotos através da relação terapêutica, causados por necessidades emocionais não supridas. Diferentemente, a Terapia Cognitiva de Beck aponta para o papel importante da relação terapêutica, defendendo o papel do terapeuta como conselheiro ou modelo, nos casos de pacientes com Transtorno de Personalidade, não objetivando a resolução de conflitos emocionais remotos.
This study aims to work on the confluences and divergences between the theoretical Aaron Beck’ Cognitive Therapy and Jeffrey Young’ Schema Therapy. Over the past 30 years, there has been a broadening effort from cognitive therapies to assist patients with serious illnesses and personality disorders, because these cases ended up in not respond satisfactorily to the treatment of traditional cognitive therapy. Within this perspective, the different approaches are defined in "1st generation" and "2nd generation" cognitive therapies. The distinction between the two generations of adaptation occurs in three major issues: conceptual, structural and process. Currently, there is growth of integrative Cognitive Therapies, which, besides having the three characteristics of all three approaches, add to the concerns about cultural differences and spirituality. Schema Therapy emerged in 1990 to treat patients with personality disorders or those with more severe or entrenched disorders. Through this study, we sought to examine the similarities and differences between the hypothesis and concepts used in both theories: the concept of "scheme", the role of emotion, the prospective treatment for patients with personality disorder or with chronic disorders, the modal model, the therapeutic relationship and the scales. Analyzing the concept of schema in Schema Therapy, it is observed that the definition is significantly vague. Regarding the origin of dysfunctional schemas, Cognitive Therapy points to a failure in the information processing at the situations experienced in reality. Regarding the Theory of Schema, personal schemes reflect quite accurately your remote environment. About the therapeutic relationship, Young appropriates the idea of "corrective emotional experience" from Alexander and French to shape his construct called “limited parental repair”, whose goal is to reduce remote conflicts through the therapeutic relationship, caused by unmet emotional needs. Differently, the Beck Cognitive Therapy points to the important role of the therapeutic relationship, defending the role of counselor or therapist as model in cases of patients with personality disorder, not aiming at the resolution of remote emotional conflicts.

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Stewart, Nick. "Doctorate in Clinical Psychology : main research portfolio." Thesis, University of Bath, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761009.

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Critical Review of the LiteratureCan Borderline Personality Disorder be treated effectively in forensic settings? A systematic reviewBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a common diagnosis in forensic settings. Certain features of BPD, such as impulsivity and emotional dysregulation, can create a vulnerability to impulsive acts. The condition is also associated with poor mental and physical health, making the treatment of BPD and its clinical features an important goal in forensic settings. This paper reviews evidence for the effectiveness of treating BPD and its symptoms using psychological approaches in forensic settings. A systematic search found 2913 papers, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. The papers reported nine separate studies (six controlled) that implemented four distinct interventions, often adapted for particular forensic settings. Improvements in overall BPD symptomatology and specific BPD symptoms were reported for all types of intervention, although few differences in outcome between intervention and control groups were found. There were also reported improvements in BPD-related behaviours, but data on offending behaviour were absent. Heterogeneity in study quality and design makes it challenging to draw any firm conclusions about the effectiveness of any one form of treatment over another, nor about which treatment may best suit a particular setting. Further randomised controlled trials are needed to answer these questions. Service Improvement ProjectEvaluation of a brief educational intervention for clinical staff aimed at promoting trauma-informed approaches to careThere is growing evidence that trauma plays an important role in the aetiology of severe and enduring mental health problems. Yet staff can be reluctant to ask patients about trauma for reasons such as anxiety about harming patients and limited access to training. Where services have adopted trauma-informed approaches (TIAs) to mental health care (i.e., considering the ways in which trauma affects individuals when planning and delivering services), improved clinical outcomes have been observed. With this in mind, a new educational video was developed for mental health staff at an NHS trust. The video was intended to be (a) brief (10 minutes); (b) contemporary and engaging; and (c) accessible using computers, smartphones and tablets. Forty-one multidisciplinary staff viewed the video. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation indicated improvements in self-reported knowledge and confidence with regard to trauma, and a decrease in worries with regard to asking patients about such experiences. Participants found the video to be enjoyable, understandable and informative. Importantly, many indicated that it spurred them to further action, such as further training and asking patients about possible trauma. These findings indicate that a video of this type can offer an important ‘taster’ of trauma-related learning, constituting an important step towards embedding trauma-informed ways of working at a service. Main Research ProjectThe Role of Intrusive Imagery in Hoarding DisorderThe cardinal feature of Hoarding Disorder (HD) is persistent difficulty discarding possessions, with the resulting clutter compromising the intended use of living areas. Within the dominant cognitive-behavioural model of hoarding (Frost & Hartl, 1996), hoarding behaviours are positively and negatively reinforced in the context of certain object-related beliefs. Available treatments for HD have so far yielded modest outcomes, indicating a need for new approaches. Intrusive imagery has so far been neglected in HD research, despite the frequency of trauma in the histories of people with the condition. To address this, 27 individuals who met the DSM-5 criteria for HD and 28 community controls (CCs) were interviewed about their everyday experiences of mental imagery. Participants were also asked about the images they experienced during two recent real-life examples of actual or attempted discard of (1) an object of low subjective value; and (2) an object of high subjective value. Everyday imagery in the HD group commonly reflected themes of illness, death and reminiscence. Imagery in HD participants tended to carry negative emotional valence in comparison with CCs, and was associated with greater interference in everyday life and attempts to avoid the imagery. HD participants reported more negative experiences of intrusive imagery in comparison with CCs during recent episodes of discarding objects of low subjective value. However, HD participants experienced positive imagery when discarding, or trying to discard, high value objects. These findings indicate that although people with HD frequently report traumatic histories, this is not reflected in the everyday imagery that they experience. There is some evidence to suggest that the negative and positive memories experienced in relation to low and high value objects may aid our understanding of discarding and saving behaviour in HD. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are further discussed.

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Sobie, Timothy J. "Body schema acuity training and Feldenkrais? movements compared to core stabilization biofeedback and motor control exercises| Comparative effects on chronic non-specific low back pain in an outpatient clinical setting| A randomized controlled comparative efficacy study." Thesis, Saybrook University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10251703.

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Back problems continue to be a leading cause for disability in all of medicine and are the number one symptom disorder for consulting integrative medicine practitioners. Feldenkrais® practitioners aim to clarify new functional interrelationships towards an improved neuroplasticity-based change in the cognitive construct of one’s own background body schema. These phenomena have been found to clinically correlate to chronic pain through concurrent distortions in the reorganization of usual sensory-motor cortical representations in the brain – being further associated with altered body perception (Wand, et al. 2016). The Feldenkrais Method ® (FM) is a comprehensive approach being manifested through manual sensory contact (FI®) techniques and movement experiences (ATM®) and has been anecdotally purported to improve symptoms and functions in Chronic Non-specific Low Back Pain (CNSLBP). However, there is little scientific evidence to support superior treatment efficacy.

A Randomized Controlled Trial compared a novel Virtual Reality Bones™ / Feldenkrais® Movement (VRB³/FM) intervention against more conventional protocols for Core Stabilization Biofeedback / Motor Control Exercises (CSB/MCE). The (VRB³)™ treatment component consisted of full-scale skeletal models, kinematic avatars, skeletal density imagery, temporal bone-vestibular system relationships, and haptic self-touch techniques being aimed to re-conceptualize participant’s prior notions and beliefs regarding body schema and low back pain (LBP). N=30 participating patients with CNSLBP were assigned to either the experimental group (VRB³/FM @ N=15) or the control group (CSB/MCE @ N=15). Known confounding biopsychosocial variables were controlled via stratified-random assignment on the FABQ. Treatment Outcome measures included VAS-PAIN, RMDQ, PSFS, and Timed Position Endurances Tests – including Flexion / Extension Ratios at baseline, 2-weeks, 4-weeks and 8-weeks. Statistical Analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon Rank Sum and paired, two-tailed t-test. Results showed that the VRB³/FM group demonstrated greater improvement in all treatment outcome measures as compared to the matched CSB/MCE control group.

This is the first RCT study to demonstrate that a Feldenkrais Method® based approach being combined with Virtual Reality Bones™ can be more efficacious for the treatment of CNSLBP than the current and accepted physical medicine standard of isolated Core Stabilization Biofeedback / Training and Motor Control Exercises. Future multi-site RCT studies with larger sample sizes are therefore recommended.

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Osinski, Thomas. "Représentation du corps, fonctionnement du système nerveux central et douleur centrale : études chez le blessé médullaire Central nervous system reorganization and pain after spinal cord injury, some possible targets for physical therapy. A systematic review of neuroimaging studies Pain embodiment in patients with spinal cord injury." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV091.

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La douleur est une expérience complexe avec un fort impact sur la vie des patients surtout quand elle devient chronique et invalidante. Actuellement de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques émergent fondées sur une nouvelle compréhension de la douleur.Les patients blessés médullaires (BM) représentent une population chez qui la prise en charge de la douleur est difficile et cela en partie par une faible représentation dans la recherche scientifique. La douleur neuropathique sous-lésionnelle (DNSL) des BM est un modèle intéressant car s’apparente à une douleur de membre fantôme, est encore difficilement comprise, prise en charge et elle, représente un modèle intéressant pour l’étude du lien entre représentation du corps et douleur.Nous avons entrepris deux recherches pour comprendre comment les modifications du système nerveux central peuvent participer à la douleur de ces patients et quel lien peut-il avoir entre douleur et représentation du corps chez eux.Nos résultats ont permis de mettre en avant que les patients présentant des DNSL montrent des signes de plasticité maladaptative au niveau du thalamus, du cortex moteur et du cortex cingulaire ce qui est cohérent avec des altérations de la dite “neuromatrice de la douleur” et une dysrythmie thalamo-corticale déjà décrit dans d’autres pathologies. Les données indiquent aussi une possible neuroplasticité protectrice au niveau du cortex somatosensoriel. Ces changements sont autant de cibles potentielles de pris en charge en rééducation.De même nous avons pu démontrer que les patients BM ont une altération de leur représentation corporelle et que celle-ci est corrélée à l’aspect neuropathique de la douleur.Les données apportées confirment nos hypothèses et ouvrent vers la possibilité d’explorer ces phénomènes plus en avant et de déterminer quels moyens de rééducation peuvent être utiles pour aider les patients avec des DNSL
Pain is a complex experience with a strong impact on patients' lives, especially when it becomes chronic and disabling. New therapeutic approaches are currently emerging based on a new understanding of pain.Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients represent a population in which pain management is difficult and this is due to low representation in scientific research. Sublesional neuropathic pain (SNP) in SCI is an interesting model because it is similar to phantom limb pain, is still difficult to understand, manage and represents an interesting model for studying the link between body representation and pain.We have undertaken two studies to understand how changes in the central nervous system can contribute to the pain of these patients and how pain can be related to body representation in these patients. Our results have shown that patients with SNP show signs of maladaptive plasticity in the thalamus, motor cortex and cingulate cortex, which is consistent with alterations in the so-called "pain neuromatrix" and a thalamocortical disrythmia already described in other pathologies. More surprising and the evidence indicating a possible protective neuroplasticity at the somatosensory cortex level. These changes are all potential targets for rehabilitation treatment.Similarly, we were able to demonstrate that BM patients have an alteration in their body representation and that this is correlated with the neuropathic aspect of pain.The data provided confirm our hypotheses and open up the possibility of exploring these phenomena further in order to determine which rehabilitation methods are appropriate to help patients with SNP

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Arantes, Carolina Faria. "Cinematerapia : uma proposta psicoeducativa segundo a teoria de Jeffrey Young." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2014. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/17231.

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The objective of this research was to present to the cognitive-behavioral therapists a cinematherapeutic technique, based on the Disney animated films, which can be used for children and adolescents for psychoeducate about the entitlement / grandiosity scheme and insufficient self-control/self-discipline scheme, which make up the impaired limits domains, according to the theory Jeffrey Young. Seven experts professional in the clinical area of cognitive-behavioral approach aged between 26 to 47 years (𝑥= 33; DP = 8,01) and average acting time of 𝑥 = 9 anos (DP = 7,1). All participants had evidence of specialization in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), 29% had master\'s degree and 29% had postdoctoral. The instrument used was a test of judges composed of the transcription of verbal and nonverbal content of 19 scenes relative to the movies Cars , Beauty and the Beast , Wreck-It Ralph and Brave . Judges should read and judge which category was being portrayed in the scene at issue: entitlement / grandiosity scheme or insufficient self-control/self-discipline scheme. Data collected by test judges that these were nominal variables were transformed into binomial variables and then analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results indicated which scenes had a prevalence of impaired limits schema domain. Regarding the movie \"Cars\" was found predominance of entitlement / grandiosity scheme in three scenes; in \"Beauty and the Beast\" three scenes were representative of entitlement / grandiosity scheme and two about insufficient self-control/self-discipline scheme; in Wreck-It Ralph four scenes were considered examples of such schemes, three relating to insufficient self-control/self-discipline scheme and one concerning the entitlement / grandiosity scheme; finally, on Brave prevalence of insufficient self-control/self-discipline scheme was found in two scenes. In total was found a predominance of the impaired limits schemes characteristics in 14 scenes, which are represented by speech and nonverbal language of the characters. These scenes can be used to psychoeducate children and adolescents about these schemes. The use of tools able to engage the child and arouse their interest is very important in cognitive play therapy and is known to that the cinematherapy has a high potential for motivating patients. Psychoeducation is an essential practice in CBT because can affect adherence to treatment and enables the achievement of the other aim of therapy. Therefore, applying the cinematherapy in psychoeducation for children and adolescents contributes to increasing the effectiveness of the therapeutic process. This work contributes to expanding the arsenal of cognitive-behavioral techniques, as it suggests scenes that can be used as psychoeducational tools in the cognitive play therapy, based on a systematic categorization.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi apresentar aos terapeutas cognitivo-comportamentais uma técnica cinematerápica, baseada nos filmes animados da Disney, que possa ser utilizada para psicoeducar crianças e adolescentes sobre os esquemas de arrogo/grandiosidade e autocontrole/autodisciplina insuficientes, que compõem o Domínio III Limites prejudicados, de acordo com a teoria de Jeffrey Young. Participaram deste estudo sete profissionais experts na área clínica de abordagem cognitivo-comportamental, com idade entre 26 e 47 anos (𝑥= 33; DP = 8,01) e tempo médio de atuação de 𝑥 = 9 anos (DP = 7,1). Todos os participantes possuíam título de especialista em Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC), além de 29% possuírem mestrado e 29% pós-doutorado. O instrumento utilizado foi uma prova de juízes composta pela transcrição do conteúdo verbal e não verbal de 19 cenas relativas aos filmes Carros , A Bela e a Fera , Detona Ralph e Valente . Os juízes deveriam ler e julgar qual categoria estava sendo retratada na cena em questão: arrogo/grandiosidade ou autocontrole/autodisciplina insuficientes. Os dados coletados através da prova de juízes, que se tratavam de variáveis nominais, foram transformados em variáveis binomiais e então submetidos ao teste Wilcoxon. Os resultados indicaram quais cenas possuíam prevalência de um dos esquemas do domínio limites prejudicados. Com relação ao filme Carros , foi encontrado predomínio do esquema de arrogo/grandiosidade em três cenas; em A Bela e a Fera três cenas foram consideradas representativas do esquema de arrogo/grandiosidade e duas de autocontrole/autodisciplina insuficientes; em Detona Ralph quatro cenas foram consideradas exemplos desses esquemas, sendo três referentes ao autocontrole/autodisciplina insuficientes e uma ao arrogo/grandiosidade; finalmente, em Valente foi encontrada prevalência do esquema de autocontrole/autodisciplina insuficientes em duas cenas. No total, foi encontrado predomínio de características dos esquemas referentes aos limites prejudicados em 14 cenas, os quais são representados através de falas e linguagem não verbal dos personagens. Essas cenas podem ser utilizadas para psicoeducar crianças e adolescentes a respeito desses esquemas. A utilização de ferramentas capazes de envolver a criança e despertar o seu interesse é de grande relevância na ludoterapia cognitiva e sabe-se que a cinematerapia possui um alto potencial de motivação dos pacientes. A psicoeducação é uma prática essencial na TCC, pois interfere na adesão do paciente ao tratamento e possibilita o alcance dos demais objetivos da terapia. Portanto, aplicar a cinematerapia na psicoeducação de crianças e adolescentes colabora para o aumento da eficácia do processo terapêutico. Este trabalho contribui para a ampliação do arsenal de técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais, uma vez que sugere cenas que podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas psicoeducativas na ludoterapia cognitiva, baseando-se em uma categorização sistematizada.
Mestre em Psicologia Aplicada

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Valentini, Felipe. "Estudo das propriedades psicom?tricas do invent?rio de estilos parentais de young no Brasil." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17441.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Parenting styles concern overall interaction characteristics between parents and children. To assess them, it is important to build and adapt valid and reliable instruments. The main objectives of this dissertation were to translate, adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Young Parenting Inventory (YPI) for the Brazilian context, as seek associations between the YPI and Familiogram Test (FG). In current study, YPI was adapted to Portuguese by backtranslation method. Content analyses were made by five judges. 920 high school and college students (543 females), whose ages were between 14 and 69 years (M = 21.3, SD = 6.1), filled out the research instruments. Data were collected in Natal, Petrolina and Brasilia cities and Porto Alegre metropolitan region. The results confirmed the existence of five factors. Final version of the YPI was composed by 49 items. Exploratory factorial analysis (principal components) were conducted using oblimin rotation. Five factors extracted explained 45.12% of the maternal scale variance and 47.59% of paternal scale. Each factor explained, at least, 3% of the variance and showed Eigenvalue over than 1.5. All items have factorial loadings values above 0.3. The confirmatory factorial analysis has showed fit statistics reasonably adequate: for maternal scale,  ? [1114] = 4636.38, p < 0.001,  ? / df = 4.16, with GFI = 0.83, AGFI = 0.81 and RMSEA = 0.06; for paternal scale,  ? [1114] = 5133.69 p < 0.001,  ? / df = 4.61, with GFI = 0.81, AGFI = 0.79 and RMSEA = 0,06. Thus, final instrument was composed by the following factors: (I) Disconnection and Rejection ( = 0.89 and 0.90), (II) Affectivity and Emotional Stability ( = 0.85 and 0.88); (III) Overvigilance and Other Directedness ( = 0.83 and 0.85), (IV) Overprotection and Impaired Autonomy ( = 0.78 and 0.79) and (V) Impaired Limits ( = 0.66 and 0.71). Finally, relations between the YPI and FG were assessed. Pearson's correlations between the YPI and FG showed moderated associations, particularly between the factors Affectivity (YPI) and Affection (FG) (r = 0.69 and 0.7 for maternal and paternal scale, respectively); and the factors Disconnection and Rejection (YPI) and Conflict (FG) (r = 0.59 and 0.58). The regression models indicated that over than 40% of variance of factors of FG can be predicted by factors of YPI. Beta coefficients for Affection-Affectivity relation were 0.67 (maternal scale) and 0.53 (paternal scale); for Disconnection-Conflict relation were 0.31 (maternal scale) and 0.44 (paternal scale). We conclude the YPI has adequate psychometric parameters and can be used in future research in this area. However, adjustments in the structure of the YPI were made. Moreover, it is suggested further studies to consider other samples and variables, increasing the knowing of parenting styles and the Young‟s theory in the Brazilian context
Os estilos parentais referem-se ?s caracter?sticas globais de intera??es entre pais e filhos. Para sua avalia??o, ? importante que instrumentos v?lidos e fidedignos sejam constru?dos e adaptados. Dentro desta perspectiva, a presente disserta??o teve como objetivo traduzir, adaptar e estudar as propriedades psicom?tricas do Invent?rio de Estilos Parentais de Young (YPI) para o contexto brasileiro. Buscou-se avaliar tamb?m as associa??es entre o YPI e o Teste Familiograma (FG). Nessa pesquisa, o YPI foi adaptado ao portugu?s atrav?s do m?todo de tradu??o reversa (Backtranslation). As an?lises de conte?do foram realizadas por cinco ju?zes. Para realiza??o das an?lises emp?ricas do YPI, contou-se com a participa??o de 920 estudantes do Ensino M?dio e Superior, com idades entre 14 e 69 anos (M = 21,3; DP = 6,1), sendo 543 do sexo feminino (59%). Eles responderam ao YPI, FG e question?rio s?cio-demogr?fico. Os dados foram coletados nas cidades de Natal, Petrolina, Bras?lia e na regi?o metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a exist?ncia de cinco fatores. A vers?o final do YPI foi composta de 49 itens. An?lises fatoriais explorat?rias (Componentes Principais) foram conduzidas, utilizando a rota??o oblimin. Os cinco fatores extra?dos explicaram 45,12% da vari?ncia da escala materna e 47,59% da escala paterna. Cada fator explicou, no m?nimo, 3% da vari?ncia e apresentou Eigenvalue superior a 1,5. Todos os itens apresentaram cargas fatoriais acima de 0,3. As an?lises fatoriais confirmat?rias apresentaram ?ndices de ajuste razoavelmente adequados: para a escala materna, ? [1114] = 4636,38 p < 0,001, ?/gl = 4,16, com GFI=0,83, AGFI=0,81 e RMSEA=0,06; para a escala paterna, ? [1114] =5133,69 p < 0,001, ?/gl = 4,61, com GFI=0,81, AGFI=0,79 e RMSEA=0,06. Assim, a vers?o final do instrumento foi composta pelos seguintes fatores: (I) Desconex?o e Rejei??o (=0,89 e 0,90); (II) Afetividade e Estabilidade Emocional (=0,85 e 0,88); (III) Hipervigil?ncia e Orienta??o para o Outro (=0,83 e 0,85); (IV) Superprote??o e Autonomia Prejudicada (=0,78 e 0,79); e (V) Limites Prejudicados (=0,66 e 0,71). Finalmente, as rela??es entre o YPI e o FG foram avaliadas. As correla??es de Pearson entre o YPI e o FG indicaram associa??es moderadas, principalmente, entre os Fatores Afetividade, do YPI e Afeto, do FG (r=0,69 e 0,7, para as escala materna e paterna, respectivamente); bem como entre os Fatores Desconex?o e Rejei??o, do YPI e Conflito, do FG (r=0,59 e 0,58). Os modelos explicativos, das an?lises de regress?o, indicaram que mais de 40% da vari?ncia dos fatores do FG podem ser preditos por fatores do YPI. Os coeficientes Beta para a rela??o Afetividade-Afeto foram de 0,67 (escala materna) e 0,53 (escala paterna); para a rela??o Desconex?o-Conflito foram de 0,31 (escala materna) e 0,44 (escala paterna). Conclui-se que o YPI apresenta par?metros psicom?tricos adequados, podendo ser utilizado em pesquisas futuras nesta ?rea. N?o obstante, ajustes na estrutura do YPI foram realizados. Ademais, sugere-se a realiza??o de novos estudos que considerem tamb?m outras amostras e vari?veis, ampliando a compreens?o dos estilos parentais e da teoria de Young no contexto brasileiro

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Carr, AnnaLisa Ward. "Coding Rupture Indicators in Couple Therapy (CRICT): An Observational Coding Scheme." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7533.

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The therapeutic alliance, a construct representing agreement and collaboration on therapy goals, therapy tasks, and the emotional bond between client(s) and therapist, is a robust predictor of therapy outcomes in individual, couple, and family therapy. One way to track the therapeutic alliance is through ruptures and repairs. Ruptures are breaks, tensions, or tears in the therapeutic alliance. Ruptures and repairs influence the therapeutic alliance and consequently therapeutic outcomes. Currently, there is a lack of research addressing ruptures and repairs in couple therapy. The first step in researching alliance ruptures is to have a reliable way to assess alliance ruptures. This study will describe the development of the Coding Rupture Indicators in Couples Therapy (CRICT). The CRICT is an observational coding scheme that measures ruptures in couple therapy. The CRICT was developed through collaboration with researchers in marriage and family therapy, creation of items, adaptation of items from established coding schemes from individual therapy, and input and feedback as the CRICT was used and tested by undergraduates in a coding class. This paper will review foundational research of ruptures and repairs as well as the construction and use of the CRICT coding scheme.

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Cornwall, Jane. "Alcohol dependence and avoidant attachment : implications for therapy." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/14641.

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The literature review revealed co-morbidity between adverse childhood experiences, adult psychopathology and alcohol dependence, although causality was questionable due to multiple variables. The current study used 54 clients at the acute end of the spectrum of severe alcohol dependence from a specialist tertiary substance misuse service (clients) and a control group of 54 non-problematic drinkers from an NHS working population (controls) to examine possible differences in security of attachment and maladaptive schemas and investigated how early relational experiences influenced core beliefs regarding self, others and intimate relationships and therapeutic implications for severely alcohol dependent clients’ engagement in specialist services. The study was divided into two sections: (1) quantitative analysis using Feeney, Noller and Hanrahan’s (1994) Attachment Style Questionnaire to measure attachment style and Young’s Schema Questionnaire (Young & Brown, 2001) to measure maladaptive schemas in the domain of disconnection and rejection and (2) qualitative analysis, using Interpretational Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore eight severely alcohol dependent clients’ subjective experiences of intimate relationships. Clients scored significantly lower in secure attachment style and significantly higher in both avoidant and ambivalent attachment style than controls and suggested overlapping between the two dimensions, known as ‘fearful avoidant’ attachment. Clients scored significantly higher than controls in all five sub-categories of maladaptive schemas in the domain of disconnection and rejection, namely mistrust/abuse, emotional deprivation, abandonment, social isolation/alienation and defectiveness/shame. IPA revealed common themes of negative parent-child interaction: physical and psychological abuse, neglect and explicit maternal rejection and emotional deprivation and hostile and abusive parent-parent interaction. These aetiological factors influenced fearful avoidant attachment and maladaptive core beliefs. Negation of children’s needs implicated an immaturely developed diffuseness of identity and defective self that inhibited formation of intimate adult relationships. A bio-psychosocial explanation suggested alcohol ameliorated hyper-vigilant anxiety and depression from adverse childhood experiences within a threatening family environment that implicated insecure attachment, maladaptive core beliefs and negative self-identity, inhibiting emotional intimacy. It advocated screening procedures and an integrated CBT and schema-based therapeutic approach for those at the more severe end of the spectrum of alcohol dependence deemed at risk of not engaging or disengaging prematurely from services.

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Gibson, Stacie Marie. "Producing scripts an ethnomethodological study of intimate partner violence child witness therapy /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Rittenmyer, George John. "The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and job burnout among public school teachers." Scholarly Commons, 1997. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2755.

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Early Maladaptive Schemas, as defined by Young (1990), are relatively permanent psychological constructs which influence human information processing. They consist of self-perceptions, attitudes and beliefs which are primarily the result of early childhood experiences. These schemas produce faulty thinking about an individual's self and environment, producing cognitive distortions. They are also the source of dysfunctional behavior as well as a wide range of mental conditions including depression, phobias and anxiety. Burnout is a significant problem among today's teachers which adversely effects the operation of schools (Maslach & Jackson, 1986). It is the result of teachers having to solve complicated problems, on a day-to-day basis, in their classrooms. Solutions to these problems are not always easily reached. This leads to frustration among teachers, culminating in cynical attitudes toward work, hostility toward students, absenteeism and job-leaving. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and teacher burnout. The Schema Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were administered to fifty teachers employed by the Los Banos Unified School District, a middle-sized, suburban school district in central California. Subjects were asked to complete both self-report scales and given reimbursement for doing so. Forty-seven sets of questionnaires were collected. It was found that two of the higher order factors on the Schema Questionnaire, Overconnection (OVRC) and Exaggerated Standards (EXST), correlated strongly with the Emotional Exhaustion (EE) scale of the MBI. Weaker, but still significant, correlations were found between OVRC and the other two MBI factors, Depersonalization (DP) and Personal Accomplishment (PA). These relationships were all in the expected directions. Additionally, correlational data analyses suggested differences in gender, age and years of teaching on some of the Schema Questionnaire and MBI factors. Subsequent statistical analysis of mean differences indicated women scored significantly higher on OVRC and EE than did men. Analysis of mean differences, however, did not substantiate significant differences in scores on the Schema Questionnaire factors and the three MBI factors according to age and years of teaching experience.

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Askari, Iman [Verfasser], and Gisela [Akademischer Betreuer] Steins. "Core irrational beliefs and maladaptive schemas in cognitive behavioral therapy for anger and aggression / Iman Askari ; Betreuer: Gisela Steins." Duisburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196967822/34.

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Quigley, Lauren. "The role of psychological flexibility and negative self-schemas in distressing auditory hallucinations : a systematic review and empirical study." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15787.

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Objectives. Mindfulness and acceptance-based therapies are becoming increasingly popular in practise and meta-analyses have been conducted to evaluate their effects on a range of mental health difficulties. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the evidence base for mindfulness and acceptance-based therapies in the treatment of distressing auditory hallucinations. Method. Five electronic databases were searched in addition to an internet search engine. Authors of included studies were contacted and reference lists were reviewed. Quality criteria were developed and studies were rated independently by three raters. Results. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria; four controlled studies and five case studies. There was substantial variation in study design and outcomes. Overall, the quality of the studies was poor. Reductions in hallucination-related distress, belief conviction, cognitive appraisals and hallucination proneness were noted. Participants’ ability to respond mindfully to hallucinations increased. Conclusion. Although the results of this review suggest that mindfulness and acceptance-based therapies may result in several beneficial effects, the quality of these studies was poor and the results are likely to have been subject to considerable bias. More research is needed before such therapies can be considered evidence-based treatments for distressing hallucinations. Suggestions for future research are made.

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Scolio, Jay. "Early Maladaptive Schemas Underlying the Relation between Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Depression." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1448027064.

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Thiessen, Christina N. "ADHD Symptoms, Maladaptive Schemas, and Dysfunctional Automatic Thoughts: Exploring Theorized Relationships in Emerging Adults." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1555951273832422.

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Scheer, Martin-Jürgen [Verfasser]. "Die Rolle der Cyclooxygenase-2-(COX-2)-Expression auf Prognose und Therapie oraler Plattenepithelkarzinome / Martin-Jürgen Scheer." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1017871841/34.

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Berkowitz, Megan. "Understanding the Relevance of Cognitive Psychology to Composition: Taking a Closer Look at How Cognitive Psychology has Influenced Ideas about Reading, Writing, and the Teaching Process." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1208900950.

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Santana, Rodrigo Gomes. "Estudo das relações entre a atitude de perdoar ofensas interpessoais e os esquemas iniciais desadaptativos." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2011. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/17140.

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This research was designed to examine the relationship between the willingness to forgive in specific situations and intensity of Early Maladaptive Schemas in a nonclinical sample of adults. Forty-one people participated in the survey, with an average age of 27.8 years. Were used three instruments: the Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI), the Crowne-Marlowe Social Desirability Scale and the Young Schema Questionnaire (short version). After application of the measures, statistical procedures were applied. In terms of results related to EFI, the same way in other studies that used this scale, were found positive correlations of the subscales of behavior, cognition and affection among themselves and with the total score of EFI, as well as with the 1-Item Forgiveness Scale an independent measure to evaluate how much the individual has forgiven the offender, in a complete mode. The results also showed that the EFI total score and the 1-Item Forgiveness Scale correlated positively, while the social desirability scale didn t show significant correlations with any of the two measures. Concerning the intensity of the offense, there was a negative correlation of this variable with measures of forgiveness, indicating that the degree of forgiveness was less the greater the perceived intensity of injury. With respect to the intensity of forgiveness, the average degree of forgiveness of the participants was 266 points a score that ranges from 60 (low degree of forgiveness) to 360 (high degree of forgiveness) and over half of the sample (61%, n = 25) reported levels of forgiveness higher than average. In terms of degrees of forgiveness measured by subscales of the EFI, the results showed that sample expressed more intensely the cognitive forgiveness (M = 96.8). The degree of affective forgiveness (M = 81.3) remained significantly lower than the degree of behavioral forgiveness (M = 88.2) and cognitive forgiveness, indicating that it was harder to participants offer the emotional forgiveness. Finally, considering the main objective of this research, the results showed negative correlations between the measure of forgiveness used as a criterion variable (1-Item Forgiveness Scale) and four of the five domains of schemes proposed by Young, to wit: disconnection and rejection (ρ = -0.534, p <0.05), impaired autonomy and performance (ρ = -0.440, p < 0.05), other-directedness (ρ = -0.371, p < 0.05) and finally, the impaired limits domain (ρ = -0.472, p < 0.01). Thus, the probability of the participants forgive their offenders has decreased as a function of the magnitude of the participant's domains and their schemes. The results observed in this study expands the current knowledge about the process of forgiveness, as well as about its interface with the cognitive structures called schemas, which have an important role in the organization of the personality, from the therapeutic point of view in cognitive approaches.
Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal analisar a relação entre a disposição para perdoar em situações específicas e a intensidade dos Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos (EIDs) em uma amostra não clínica de indivíduos adultos. Participaram da pesquisa 41 pessoas, com idade média de 27,8 anos. Foram utilizados três instrumentos de avaliação: a Escala de Atitudes para o Perdão (EFI), a Escala de Desejabilidade Social de Crowne-Marlowe e o Questionário de Esquemas Young (versão breve). Após a coleta, os dados foram submetidos a procedimentos estatísticos descritivos e correlacionais. Em se tratando dos resultados referentes à EFI, assim como em outros estudos que utilizaram a mesma escala, foram verificadas correlações positivas das subescalas de comportamento, julgamento e afeto, entre si, e com o escore total da EFI, assim como com a escala independente Item do Perdão uma escala independente que mede o quanto o indivíduo perdoou o ofensor de forma completa. Os resultados mostraram também que o escore total da EFI e do Item do Perdão correlacionaram-se positivamente, enquanto que a escala de desejabilidade social não apresentou correlações significantes com nenhuma das duas medidas. Com relação à medida de intensidade da ofensa, observou-se uma correlação negativa desta variável com as medidas de perdão, indicando que o grau de perdão foi tanto menor quanto maior a intensidade percebida da mágoa. Com respeito à intensidade do perdão, o grau médio do perdão dos participantes foi de 266 pontos num escore que varia de 60 (baixo grau de perdão) a 360 (alto grau de perdão) sendo que mais da metade da amostra (61%, n = 25) reportou graus de perdão superiores à média. Em se tratando dos graus de perdão medidos pelas subescalas da EFI, os resultados mostraram que a amostra expressou o perdão mais intensamente pela via cognitiva. O grau de perdão afetivo (M = 81,3) permaneceu significativamente menor que o grau de perdão comportamental (M = 88,2) e cognitivo (M = 96,8), indicando que foi mais difícil para os participantes perdoar afetivamente. Finalmente, considerando o objetivo principal desta pesquisa, os resultados mostraram correlações negativas entre a medida de perdão utilizada como variável critério (Item do Perdão) e quatro dos cinco domínios de esquemas propostos por Young, a saber: desconexão e rejeição (ρ = -0,534; p < 0,05), autonomia e desempenho prejudicados (ρ = -0,440; p < 0,05), orientação para o outro (ρ = -0,371; p < 0,05) e por fim, o domínio de limites prejudicados (ρ = -0,472; p < 0,01). Assim, a probabilidade de que os participantes perdoassem de forma completa seus ofensores foi menor à medida que apresentassem maior intensidade nestes domínios e seus esquemas. Os resultados verificados nesta pesquisa ampliam o conhecimento atual que se tem em relação ao processo de perdão em si, bem como a respeito de sua interface com as estruturas cognitivas denominadas esquemas, que têm um importante papel na organização da personalidade, do ponto de vista terapêutico nas abordagens cognitivas.
Mestre em Psicologia Aplicada

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Scheer, Juliane [Verfasser], Sebastian [Gutachter] Jander, and Roland [Gutachter] Fenk. "Alters- und geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Manifestation und Therapie der Myasthenia gravis - Eine retrospektive Studie / Juliane Scheer ; Gutachter: Sebastian Jander, Roland Fenk." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137010185/34.

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Camilo, Ivana de Cássia Ribeiro Rosa. "O modelo alemão da terapia cognitiva focada no esquema na psicoterapia infantil para o tratamento de transtornos disruptivos, do controle de impulsos e da conduta: proposta de protocolo de atendimento." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2017.33.

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Esse estudo propõe um modelo psicoterápico em grupo para crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de Transtornos disruptivos, do controle de impulsos e da conduta (APA, 2014), a partir do modelo apresentado por Lopes (2015), e integrado aos métodos e técnicas propostos pelo grupo alemão dirigido por Christof Loose (Loose, Graaf e Zarbock, 2015). Loose et al. (2015) acrescentam à Terapia Cognitiva Focada no Esquema para crianças e adolescentes diversos materiais para tratamento de transtornos específicos. Esse grupo tem se despontado na apresentação de estudos para esse público, pois a partir da teoria proposta por Jeffrey Young (Young, 2003), têm se dedicado a pesquisas e publicações de materiais inovadores. No decorrer do trabalho o leitor poderá apreciar os fundamentos da Terapia do Esquema para crianças e adolescentes, alguns estudos sobre Transtornos Disruptivos, do controle de impulsos e da conduta, programas de tratamento em grupo para esse público – e que já otém resultados positivos nas intervenções, a tradução literal do protocolo proposto por Loose et al. (2015), e a proposta do protocolo em grupo, com base nos métodos e técnicas da Terapia Cognitiva Focada no Esquema (TCFE). Nos anexos deste trabalho são apresentados os materiais traduzidos de Loose et al. (2015), tais como os formulários indicados para utilização na aplicação das técnica e roteiros de entrevistas; e outros instrumentos propostos para as etapas de avaliação, intervenção e psicoeducação com as crianças e adolescentes, e com seus familiares. Esse trabalho visa acrescentar às práticas dos psicólogos brasileiros, alternativas eficazes de tratamento, apresentando a metodologia de avaliação inicial, as etapas da psicoterapia para as crianças e suas famílias.
This study proposes a group psychotherapeutic model for children and adolescents with a diagnosis of Disruptive Disorders, of impulse control and behavior (APA, 2014), based on the model presented by Lopes (2015), and integrated with the methods and techniques proposed by German group directed by Christof Loose (Loose, Graaf and Zarbock, 2015). Loose et al. (2015) add to Scheme Therapy for children and adolescents various materials for treatment of specific disorders. This group has emerged in the presentation of studies for this audience, because from the theory proposed by Jeffrey Young (Young, 2003), have been dedicated to research and publications of innovative materials. In the course of the work the reader will be able to appreciate the fundamentals of Scheme Therapy for children and adolescents, some studies on Disruptive Disorders, impulse control and behavior, group treatment programs for this audience - and that already have positive results in the interventions, the literal translation of the protocol proposed by Loose et al. (2015), and the proposal of the protocol in a group, based on the methods and techniques of Cognitive Therapy Focused on the Scheme (TCFE). In the annexes of this work are presented the materials translated from Loose et al. (2015), such as the forms indicated for use in the application of interviews techniques and scripts; and other instruments proposed for the stages of evaluation, intervention and psychoeducation with children and adolescents, and with their families. This work aims to add to the practices of Brazilian psychologists effective treatment alternatives, presenting the methodology of initial evaluation, the stages of psychotherapy for children and their families.
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De, La Vega-Duten Ruth. "La co-sensualité comme organisateur de la relation intersubjective sous l'égide de la sensorialité : émergence du moi et processus d'attachement : "la boite de résonance interne"." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3102.

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Cette recherche met en évidence l'importance de la sensorialité dans le traiement des enfants autistes. Je propose la notion de co-sensualité en tant qu'organisateur de la relation de type primaire et rends compte du rôle qu'elle joue dans l'émergence du Moi. A partir d'un dispositif thérapeutique nommé "Boîte de résonance interne" qui s'appuie sur des postulats psychanalytiques autour du Moi-peau, la fonction contenant-contenu-conteneur et les enveloppes physiques, articulées au concept de dialogue tonico-émotionnel et d'accordage affectif. C'est la figuration d'un espace contenant susceptible de mobiliser la sensorialité tactile, sonore, visuelle, olfactive et kinesthésique dans une dynamique de rencontre visant une libidinisation du lien de type primaire et favorisant l'intériorisation de la fonction contenant et la constitution du Moi. Par l'étude de quatre cas cliniques, je mets en évidence la place que cette notion peut occuper dans le travail thérapeutique tant dans la mobilisation de la pulsion d'attachement comme dans la constitution du Moi corporel et psychique. Je propose l'idée que dans la co-sensualité, l'expérience sensorielle de deux corps, celui de l'enfant et celui du thérapeute s'inscrit dans un système de partage et de résonance affective et s'élabore à partir du travail de figuration proposé par le thérapeute
The aim of this research is to point out the importance of sensoriality as means of intersubjective encounter starting from the notion of sensuality. I am tryng to show that this concept can take a function as organizer of a primary type relationship and the part it development of a therapeutic device that I have named inernal resonance box which is based on assumptions of psychoanalytic currents around the Ego-skin content-container function and the psychic envelopes articulated around notions of emotional adjustment and emotionally-tonic adjustment. I present this device, as representation of a space-content, able to mobilize the sensoriality such as touch, sound, visual,olfactory and kinesthetic in a dynamic encounter for the purpose of a libidinization of primary type link wich favours prymary internalization of the contenant function and structure of the Ego in both physical and psychological dimensions in relational dynamics. By studing four children who were followed in the internal resonance box, I point out the part that this notion plays in therapeutic work. I suggest the idea that in co-sensuality, the sensorial experience of two bodies, the child's and the therapist's, will be part of a sharing and "emotional resonance" system, developed from the representation work offered by therapist in the "content" position
La presente investigación tiene por objetivo de mostrar la importancia de la sensorialidad como medio de encuentro ínter subjectiva, a través de la noción de co-sensualidad. Se trata de poner en evidencia la función que puede tomar como organizador de la relación primaria y el papel que desempeña en el advenimiento del Yo. Esta investigación trata de la construcción de un dispositivo terapéutico llamado “caja de resonancia interna” que se apoya sobre postulados del campo psicoanalítico alrededor del Yo-piel, la función contenante y contenedor, como también las envolturas psíquicas, en articulación a la noción de acorde afectivo y ajuste tónico-emocional.El dispositivo es considerado como una figuración de un espacio contenedor, susceptible de movilizar la sensorialidad táctil, sonora, visual, olfativa y kinestésica, en una dinámica de encuentro, a fines de libidinalización del vínculo relacional de tipo primario, el cual favoriza la interiorización de la función contenante y la constitución del Yo en sus dos dimensiones corporal y psíquica, en una dinámica relacional.Les propongo articulaciones conceptuales que permiten aclarar la noción de co-sensualidad y poner en evidencia su función en la estructuración de la relación inter subjetiva de tipo primario, en el marco del tratamiento de niños que presentan un funcionamiento de tipo autístico. A través el estudio de caso de cuatro situaciones clínicas, se pone en evidencia el sitio que la noción de co-sensualidad puede tomar en el trabajo terapéutico. Se propone la idea que en la co-sensualidad, la experiencia sensorial de dos cuerpos (terapeuta y niño) va inscribirse en un sistema de comunicación y de resonancia afectiva, elaborada sobre la base del trabajo de figuración del terapeuta que se halla en posición de “contenedor”. Se trata de mostrar el trabajo de traducción de la experiencia sensorial, operada por el terapeuta quien se apoya sobre su propia subjetividad y objetos internalizados. Los estudios de caso nos dejan pensar que la co-sensualidad está arraigada en un baño de cultura y de lengua pre-existente en el sujeto “contenedor”, y que es transmitido de manera inconsciente, dando origen a la emergencia de una subjetivación específica a cada individuo. Se considera la diversidad de modos de relación al mundo que se actualizan en el encuentro y que son vehiculados a través de los mecanismos de identificación adhesiva y proyectiva, actualizados en el trabajo terapéutico de figuración

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Van, Manen Scott Ford. "A meta-decision model of schema development." 1997. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9737591.

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This dissertation presents a three-phase model of schema development. In this model, each phase starts with an implicit decision about the adequacy of the schema, called a "meta-decision." Phase 1 (decision formation) starts with the meta-decision that a new schema is needed to reach a goal or serve a purpose. The main task of Phase 1 is forming or identifying a potentially adequate candidate schema. Once the person meta-decides that such a schema has been found, the person enters Phase 2 (decision consolidation). During this phase, the person engages in confirmatory testing of the adequacy of the schema. If the person meta-decides that the adequacy of the schema is confirmed, the person enters Phase 3 (decision dis-investment). During this phase, the person utilizes the schema, as evidenced by improved ability to process new relevant information. The dissertation reviews research and theories that relate to the model. Finally, the dissertation presents new research which tests some predictions of the model.

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Steiner, Jennifer Leah. "Assessing the Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Reducing Schema-enmeshment in Fibromyalgia Syndrome." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/4984.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
The presence of a chronic pain condition can have a profound impact on one’s self-concept. Some individuals may have had to make major lifestyle changes. As a result, some people may start to define themselves in terms of their pain, such that their self-schema and pain-schemas become intertwined in a process termed schema-enmeshment. It is thought that schema-enmeshment is related to psychological distress making it a prime target for intervention. Little research has been conducted on interventions to reduce schema-enmeshment. Acceptance-based interventions may be especially appropriate in reducing schema-enmeshment or the connection between self and illness symptoms as these interventions tend to emphasize learning to live with pain and other symptoms and to work toward important life goals rather than continually fighting against the condition and allowing it to control their life. This study is a randomized trial comparing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to education about pain management in a sample of women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). The primary aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ACT in reducing schema-enmeshment between self and pain, as well as enmeshment between self and other symptoms and FMS as a whole. In addition, this study also explored the role of pain acceptance, specifically activity engagement as a mediator of the relationship between treatment group membership and changes in schema-enmeshment. The data was analyzed as an intent-to-treat analysis using the “last measure carried forward” method. Results indicated that the ACT group reported statistically significant differences in self schema-enmeshment with FMS, fatigue, and cognitive symptoms, but not with pain, following the intervention, compared to the educational control group. In each of these cases, the ACT group experienced greater reductions in schema-enmeshment compared to the education group. Interestingly, no statistically significant differences were observed for schema-enmeshment with pain. Statistically significant group differences were also observed for acceptance of pain following the intervention. Finally, a mediational model in which changes in activity engagement (a form of pain acceptance) served as the mediator of the relationship between treatment group and changes in schema-enmeshment with FMS was tested. The model was tested using a bootstrapping method, and results revealed a trend toward a significant indirect effect of changes in activity engagement leading to changes in schema-enmeshment with FMS. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that ACT may be a promising intervention for targeting maladaptive beliefs about the self in relation to illness, especially schema-enmeshment of self with illness and illness symptoms. Additionally, there is evidence that ACT may target key constructs such as activity engagement, which may be related to other cognitive and behavioral changes. Future directions for research and clinical practice related to ACT as an intervention for FMS are discussed in depth.

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Steyn, Genevieve Lee. "The design of a database of resources for rational therapy." Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16116.

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The purpose of this study is to design a database of resources for rational therapy. An investigation of the current health situation and reorientation towards primary health care (PHC) in South Africa evidenced the need for a database of resources which would meet the demand for rational therapy information made on the Helderberg College Library by various user groups as well as make a contribution to the national health information infrastructure. Rational therapy is viewed as an approach within PHC that is rational, common-sense, wholistic and credible, focusing on the prevention and maintenance of health. A model of the steps in database design was developed. A user study identified users' requirements for design and the conceptual schema was developed. The entities, attributes, relationships and policies were presented and graphically summarised in an Entity-Relationship (E-R) diagram. The conceptual schema is the blueprint for further design and implementation of the database.
Information Science
M.Inf.

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Grosso, Jessica Guerreiro. "Esquemas precoces mal-adaptativos como preditores da hostilidade em violadores." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/7568.

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Orientação: Joana Patrícia Pereira Carvalho
Incessantemente, o Homem depara-se com situações que o tornam vulnerável, e consequentemente, determinam os seus comportamentos. Assim, o ato de violação também poderá ser resultado de uma situação de vulnerabilidade, onde imperam os fatores psicológicos (raiva e hostilidade). Estes fatores de ordem emocional são frequentemente moldados pela estrutura esquemática do sujeito, ou seja, a percepção que ele tem de si, do mundo e dos outros. Pelo que, surgiu a necessidade de compreender quais os esquemas disfuncionais passíveis de despoletar a hostilidade em violadores. Este estudo pretendeu avaliar o impacto dos Esquemas Precoces Mal-Adaptativos (EPM’s) na hostilidade em violadores. A amostra foi composta por homens condenados por crime de violação (N=53), com idades compreendidas entre os 20 e 58 (M = 34; DP = 9.16). Os resultados demonstraram que o esquema com maior poder preditivo na hostilidade em violadores é o Pessimismo, que corresponde ao domínio Supervigilância e Inibição. Contudo, existem outros dois esquemas (Autocontrolo e Subjugação) de domínios distintos que também explicam a hostilidade em violadores, embora a percentagem de variância seja menor, quando comparada como a estrutura esquemática Pessimismo. Posto isto, seria relevante intervir pela via da Terapia Focada nos Esquemas(TFE) nas estruturas esquemáticas, paraminimizar os níveis dehostilidade em violadores.
Unceasingly, people are faced with situations making them vulnerable and determining their behavior. Therefore, the act of raping may also be the result of a vulnerable situation, where the psychological factors prevail (anger and hostility). These emotional factors are often shaped by the subject schematic structures, which relate to the perception that he has about himself, the world and the others. So, there is a need to understand which dysfunctional schemes are able to trigger hostility in rapists. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of early maladaptive schemas in the hostility of rapists. The sample consisted in men convicted of rape crime (N = 53), aged between 20 and 58 (M = 34; DP = 9.16). The results showed that the scheme with higher predictive power in rapists’ hostility was Pessimism. However, there are two schemes (self-control and subjugation) that also explain the hostility, although the percentage of variance was smaller, when comparing with the pessimism schematic structure. That said, it would be relevant to intervene by using schema therapy in the schematic structures to minimize the levels of hostility in rapists.

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Henriques, Denise Margarida Esmeraldo. "Esquemas precoces mal adaptativos e ajustamento emocional à prisão em agressores sexuais de menores." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/7573.

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Orientação: Joana Carvalho
O abuso sexual de menores tem vindo a ser alvo de interesse científico nos últimos anos. Com o desenvolver literário tem havido uma extensão do estudo deste fenómeno para tratar o agressor, de forma a evitar recidivas. De diversas motivações que são apontadas como percussoras destes comportamentos sexuais disfuncionais, tem vindo a ser debatido o papel da influência dos esquemas precoces mal adaptativos (EPM’s) para a consumação destes atos. Durante o período de reclusão há uma terapêutica específica para estes indivíduos, no entanto é sabido que a adaptação emocional ao meio prisional tem tendência para influenciar a forma como estes indivíduos participam no tratamento. Posto isto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto dos EPM’s no ajustamento emocional à prisão numa amostra de abusadores sexuais de menores condenados (N=43) com idades compreendidas entre os 22 e os 58 anos. Obteve-se como resultado uma identificação das estruturas esquemáticas associadas a esta adaptação emocional que pode oferecer uma base conceptual, auxiliando nas estratégias de gestão da saúde mental implementadas em contexto prisional, sendo maioritariamente associados os esquemas de Abandono e Desconfiança do domínio Distanciamento e Rejeição. Adicionalmente verificou-se que todos os domínios têm esquemas que se associam a esta gestão emocional.
In recent years, child sexual abuse has become a subject of scientific interest. With the literary development, there has been an extension of the study of this phenomenon in order to treat the aggressor and avoid recurrence. Several motivations were identified has precursors of these dysfunctional sexual behaviors, including the influence of early maladaptive schemas (EMS’s) as vulnerability factor for child sexual abuse. During the confinement period, there’s a specific therapy for these individuals, however it’s known that the emotional adaptation to the prison environment tend to influence how these individuals participate in the treatment. For this reason, this study aimed to assess the impact of EMS’s in the emotional adjustment to imprisonment in a sample of convicted child sex offenders (N = 43) aged between 22 and 58 years. Findings showed that a set of EMS’s were associated with this emotional adaptation, such schemas can provide a conceptual base aimed at assisting mental health management strategies implemented in imprisonment context. These schemas were largely associated with the Abandonment and Mistrust themes. Additionally, it was found that all schematic domains included schemas relating to the offender’s emotional management.

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Ernst, Travis Hayden. "Development of a systemic coding scheme for presenting problems in marriage and family therapy." 2005. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1619.pdf.

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Pelletier, René. "Corticospinal excitability, mental rotation task, motor performance and disability in subjects with musculoskeletal disorders of the wrist and hand." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21859.

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Diplock, Peter C. "Organizational change schemas: An empirical investigation of how health care managers make sense of organizational change." 1999. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9920596.

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This research examined the structural properties of individual’s organizational change schemas. An organizational change schema is a particular sensemaking framework that contains knowledge about organizational change, including change attributes and relations among those attributes. Understanding the properties of these schemas is important because existing research suggests that the way individuals think about change influences their responses to it. Specifically, the present study investigated health care managers’ sensemaking regarding implementation of a quality initiative by examining: (1) the structure and content of organizational change schemas; (2) the extent to which schemas were shared by organizational members; and (3) the nature of the relationship between shared understanding and organizational inertia. A sample of 28 health care managers from a large hospital in the Northeastern U.S. completed the repertory grid, a method originating in cognitive psychology (Kelly, 1955). This method allowed organizational members to identify meaningful dimensions that distinguished between organizational change attributes while minimizing the imposition of the researcher’s frame of reference. The content and structure of members’ change schemas were also examined using a pre-designed instrument by Lau and Woodman (1995). Content analysis revealed that in their effort to make sense of organizational change, organizational members rely on a relatively small number of widely shared evaluative dimensions, and a larger number of essentially idiosyncratic dimensions. An analysis of change schemas by organizational level revealed important differences in the way top managers and middle managers make sense of change. The results of cluster analysis indicated that discrete shared organizational change schemas could be identified and meaningfully understood in terms of current and ideal orientations. Contrary to expectations, incongruence between members’ current and ideal change schemas did not give rise to negative emotions. However, incongruence between these schemas was positively related to resistance to change. Comparison of the two methods used in this study suggests that the preservation of the terms and dimensions people themselves use to describe organizational change represents an important consideration for future cognitive-based organizational change research. Implications for theory and practice as well as directions for future research are discussed.

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Hitge, Erika. "The use of gestalt therapy to re-write life script." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1664.

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The aim of this research was to determine how Gestalt Therapy could be utilised to re-write life script. Transactional Analysis terminology was translated into Gestalt Therapy, especially the terms life script, life position and re-writing in the literature study. Gestalt Therapy concepts of importance for the research were also discussed in the literature study. An empirical study was conducted, involving one respondent, for whom Gestalt Therapy sessions were provided with the aim of determining how life script could be re-written through such intervention. Gestalt Therapy concepts and life script concepts were identified during the therapy process. A re-written life script was formulated by the researcher corresponding with the level of functioning of the respondent during therapy and in relation to the respondent's life position. The researcher deducts from the entire study, but especially from the empirical study that life script can be re-written by means of utilising Gestalt Therapy.
Social Work
M. Diac. (Play Therapy)

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Reime, Albrecht. "Das modifizierte Stennert-Schema und das Infusionsschema mit Procain in der Therapie des subjektiven Tinnitus mit oder ohne begleitenden Hörverlust." Doctoral thesis, 2008. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-37676.

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Der subjektive Tinnitus ist ein Symptom unterschiedlicher Ursachen. Trotz vielversprechender Ansätze und deutlicher Fortschritte beim Verständnis der Pathophysiologie konnte sich bislang keine einheitliche Therapie durchsetzen. Es gibt ein Vielzahl von Therapieansätzen, deren klinische Wirksamkeit häufig nicht ausreichend untersucht sind. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es deshalb, eine Bilanz zur Anwendung des modifizierten antiphlogistisch-rheologischen Stennert-Schemas und des Infusionsschemas mit Procain bei der Behandlung des subjektiven Tinnitus (mit oder ohne begleitende Hörminderung) zu ziehen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit erfolgte deshalb eine retrospektive Auswertung von 281 Patienten, die im Zeitraum vom 01.01.1997 bis 14.12.2000 an der Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde der Universität Würzburg behandelt wurden. In einem zweitem Schritt wurden das modifizierte antiphlogistisch-rheologische Infusionsschema nach Stennert und das Infusionsschema mit Procain gegenüber einem Placebo (NaCl-Infusionen) im Rahmen einer prospektiven Studie untersucht. Dabei handelte es sich um die erste prospektive, randomisierte Doppelblindstudie zum Tinnitus, die verschiedene Infusionsschemata gegenüber einer Placebomedikation untersuchte. In der prospektiven Untersuchung lagen Ergebnisse von 34 Patienten vor, die in der Zeit vom 05.08.1999 bis 20.07.2002 behandelt wurden. Im retrospektiven Kollektiv zeigte sich bei der Behandlung akuter Ohrgeräusche mit dem modifizierten Stennert-Schema bei 45 (21%) der 216 Patienten eine Vollremission und bei 58% (n=125) der Fälle verringerte sich die Tinnituslautheit. In der Procain-Therapiegruppe wurde bei 60% (n=15) der 25 Patienten im retrospektiven Untersuchungsteil eine Abnahme der Tinnituslautheit beobachtet (Vollremission bei 4%; n=1). Bei 40 Patienten der retrospektiven Untersuchung mit chronischem Tinnitus konnte mit dem modifizierten Stennert-Schema bei 50% (n=16) und mit Procaininfusionen bei 63% (n=5) der Patienten eine Verringerung der Tinnituslautheit erzielt werden. Dabei sistierte bei 6% (n=2) der Patienten aus der mod. Stennert-Therapiegruppe das Ohrgeräusch komplett. Die Patienten im retrospektiven Kollektiv mit einer Hörminderung zeigten nach der Therapie mit dem mod. Stennert-Schema eine durchschnittliche Hörerho-lung von 18,7 dB. Bei 29% (n=26) dieser Patienten erholte sich das Hörvermö-gen vollständig und 44% (n=40) hatten eine Teilerholung. In der Procain-Therapiegruppe konnte bei Patienten mit einer Hörminderung eine Besserung in 71% der Fälle (n=5) registriert werden, eine Restitutio ad Integrum wurde nicht beobachtet. Das Hörvermögen erholte sich in dieser Therapiegruppe im Durchschnitt um 20,0 dB. 42 Patienten des retrospektiven Kollektivs, die initial mit dem mod. Stennert-Schema therapiert wurden, unterzogen sich einer Anschlussbehandlung mit Procain. Bei 45% (n=19) der Patienten verringerte sich das Ohrgeräusch, ein Sistieren des Tinnitus trat dabei nicht auf. Auf das Therapieergebnis hatte die Zeitspanne zwischen Symptom- und Therapiebeginn einen hochsignifikanten Einfluss (p=0,00002). Je eher mit der Infusionstherapie begonnen wurde, desto günstiger war die Prognose. Die besten Therapieergebnisse zeigten sich bei Latenzzeiten von weniger als 24 Stunden. Lagen zwischen Symptom- und Therapiebeginn über 28 Tage, zeigten sich Behandlungsergebnisse wie bei einem chronischen Tinnitus. Alio loco vorbehandelte Patienten zeigten schlechtere Therapieergebnisse als Patienten ohne vorherige Therapie (p=0,00003). Bei Patienten mit einem Tinnitusrezidiv lag der Anteil an Vollremissionen deutlich unter dem erstmalig erkrankter Patienten. Dies war statistisch jedoch nicht signifikant. Keinen Ein-fluss auf die Prognose hatten hingegen das Alter und Geschlecht der Patienten. Im prospektiven Untersuchungsteil konnte durch die Infusionstherapie mit dem mod. Stennert-Schema bei 57% (n=8) der 34 Patienten eine Restitutio ad Integrum und bei 43% (n=6) der Fälle eine Teilremission des Tinnitus erzielt werden. In der Procain-Therapiegruppe zeigten 50% (n=4) der Patienten eine Vollremission und 25% (n=2) der Fälle eine Teilremission. In der Kontrollgruppe mit NaCl kam es nur bei 16% (n=2) der Fälle zu einer Vollremission und bei 42% (n=5) der Patienten zu einer Teilremission des Tinnitus. Auch die Veränderung des WHF-Scores konnte die besseren Ergebnisse in der mod. Stennert-Therapiegruppe (Besserung von 15,8 Gra-den) und in der Procain-Therapiegruppe (Besserung von 14,5) darlegen. In der NaCl-Therapiegruppe fand sich nur eine Besserung um 9,8 Grade. 15 Patienten der prospektiven Untersuchung hatten einen Tinnitus und gleichzeitig eine akute Hörminderung. Nach der Infusionstherapie mit dem mod. Stennert-Schema verbesserte sich das Hörvermögen im Durchschnitt um 22,0 dB. In der Procain-Therapiegruppe ergab sich eine durchschnittliche Hörverbesserung um 22,8 dB, und in der NaCl-Therapiegruppe zeigte sich eine Verbesserung des Hörvermögens um 15,4 dB. Die Infusionstherapie mit dem modifizierten antiphlogistisch-rheologischen Stennert-Schemas und dem Infusionsschemas mit Procain waren gut verträg-lich. Nebenwirkungen, die einen Abbruch der Behandlung erfordert hätten, traten nicht auf. Die hier vorgestellten Therapieergebnisse zeigen deutlich, dass das modifizierte antiphlogistisch-rheologische Infusionsschema nach Stennert eine gute Wirksamkeit bei der Behandlung von Ohrgeräuschen hat. Dabei ist diese Wirkung einem Placebo deutlich überlegen. Das Infusionsschema mit Procain stellt eine zusätzliche Therapieoption bei chronischem Tinnitus, sowie als Anschlußbehandlung nach erfolgter Behandlung mit dem modifizierten Stennert-Schema dar
Subjective tinnitus is a symptom having various causes. In spite of promising approaches and significant progress in the understanding of pathophysiology, no therapy has been able to achieve uniform acceptance. There are many therapeutic approaches, whose clinical effectiveness often have not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this project was therefore to draw conclusions for the use of the modified antiphlogistic-rheologic Stennert scheme and the infusion scheme using Procain for the treatment of subjective tinnitus (with or without accompanying hearing deficits). Within the scope of the present work, there has been a retrospective evaluation of 281 patients who were treated in the period from 1 January 1997 to 14 December 2000 in the ENT clinics of the University of Würzburg, Germany. In a second step, the modified antiphlogistic-rheologic infusion scheme (according to Stennert) and the infusion scheme using Procain were investigated in comparison to a placebo (NaCl infusions) in the scope of a prospective study. This was the first prospective, randomized double-blind study of tinnitus to investigate different infusion schemes versus a placebo medication. For the prospective investigation, results from 34 patients who were treated in the period from 5 August 1999 to 20 July 2002 were available. The retrospective collection showed a complete remission in 45 (21%) of the 216 patients for treatment of acute tinnitus with the modified Stennert scheme, and in 58% (n=125) of the cases the tinnitus volume was reduced. In the Procain therapy group, a reduction in the tinnitus volume was observed for 60% (n=25) of the 25 patients in the retrospectively investigated section (complete remission for 4%; n=1). For the 40 patients with chronic tinnitus in the retrospective investigation, a reduction in the tinnitus volume was achieved in 50% (n=16) with the modified Stennert scheme, and in 63% (n=5) with Procain infusions. The tinnitus ceased completely for 6% (n=2) of the patients in the modified Stennert group. The patients with hearing deficits in the retrospective collection exhibited an average of 18.7 dB in recovered hearing ability after therapy with the modified Stennert scheme. In 29% (n=26) of these patients, the hearing ability recovered completely, and 44% (n=40) had a partial recovery. In the Procain therapy group, a recovery could be observed in 71% (n=5) of the cases with patients having hearing deficits; a restitutio ad integrum (complete recovery) was not observed. The hearing ability recovered by an average of 20.0 dB in this therapy group. 42 patients in the retrospective collection who were initially treated with the modified Stennert scheme subsequently underwent a treatment with Procain. In 45% (n=19) of the patients the tinnitus decreased, a ceasing of the tinnitus did not occur. The period of time between the onset of symptoms and therapy had a highly significant influence (p=0.00002) on the results of the therapy. As much as the infusion therapy could be started earlier, so was the prognosis improved. The best therapy results occurred with latency periods less than 24 hours. If more than 28 days passed between onset of symptoms and the start of therapy, treatments exhibited results just as for a chronic tinnitus. Patients who had undergone alio loco pre-treatment exhibited worse therapy results than patients without previous treatment (p=0.00003). In patients with a tinnitus relapse, the percentage of complete remissions was significantly lower than for patients with first-time illnesses, although this was statistically insignificant. The age and gender of the patients had no influence on prognoses. In the prospective section of the investigation, a restitutio ad integrum (complete recovery) could be achieved in 57% (n=8) of the 34 patients with the infusion therapy using the modified Stennert scheme, and a partial tinnitus remission in 43% (n=6) of the cases. In the Procain therapy group, 50% (n=4) of the patients exhibited a complete remission, and 25% (n=2) of the cases showed a partial remission. In the control group with NaCl, a complete remission was exhibited in only 16% (n=2) of the cases, and 42% (n=5) of the patients showed a partial tinnitus remission. The improved results were also demonstrated by the alteration of WHF scores in the modified Stennert scheme (improvement of 15.8 degrees) and in the Procain therapy group (improvement of 14.5 degrees). In the NaCl therapy group the improvement was only 9.8 degrees. 15 patients from the prospective investigation had simultaneously tinnitus and an acute hearing deficiency. After infusion therapy with the modified Stennert scheme, the hearing ability was improved by an average of 22.0 dB. In the Procain therapy group, there was an average hearing ability improvement of 22.8 dB, and the NaCl therapy group exhibited an improvement in hearing ability of 15.4 dB. The infusion therapy with the modified antiphlogistic-rheological Stennert scheme and the infusion schemes using Procain were well tolerated. Side effects that would have required a cessation of treatment did not occur. The therapy results presented here clearly show that the modified antiphlogistic-rheological Stennert infusion scheme has good effectiveness for the treatment of tinnitus, and the effect is clearly superior that of a placebo. The infusion scheme using Procain represents an additional therapy option for chronic tinnitus, as well as for subsequent therapy after therapy using the modified Stennert scheme

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45

Reime, Albrecht [Verfasser]. "Das modifizierte Stennert-Schema und das Infusionsschema mit Procain in der Therapie des subjektiven Tinnitus mit oder ohne begleitenden Hörverlust / vorgelegt von Albrecht Reime." 2008. http://d-nb.info/997016426/34.

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46

Кисла, Алла Миколаївна, and Alla Mykolaivna Kysla. "Фізична терапія військовослужбовців з наслідками вибухової ЧМТ." Master's thesis, 2020. http://repository.sspu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9881.

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Магістерська робота присвячена проблемі фізичної терапії військовослужбовців з легкою ЧМТ, пов’язаною з дією вибухової хвилі. У роботі науково обґрунтовано та експериментальним шляхом перевірено алгоритм і програму фізичної терапії військовослужбовців з наслідками легкої ЧМТ в умовах Центру учасників бойових дій.
The master's work is devoted to the problem of physical therapy of servicemen with a minor traumatic brain injury (TBI) associated with the action of the blast wave. The algorithm and the program of physical therapy of servicemen with consequences of minor TBI in the conditions of the ATO center are scientifically substantiated and checked in an experimental way.

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Mladá, Kateřina. "Současná podoba bodovacích systémů na vybraných specializovaných oddělení pro léčbu závislostí v psychiatrických léčebnách a nemocnicích v ČR." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326476.

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This diploma thesis has following goals: (1) to describe the original form of the point scheme suggested by doc. Jaroslav Skála (2) to describe the contemporary form of point schemes in chosen specialized wards for substance abuse treatment in psychiatric and general hospitals in the Czech Republic (3) to describe differences among contemporary forms of point schemes and the point scheme suggested by Jaroslav Skála (4) to find out, whether there are efforts to work with the forms of point schemes; (5) to describe reasons, why some wards tend to change the point schneme. This thesis is devided into the theoretical and practical part, conclusion and following discussion. Theoretical part deals mostly with the theory of the point scheme - its founder, formation, history and theoretical background. It also deals with its place in behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapy and contingency management. The practical part describes the original form of the point scheme, it also describes contemporary forms of point schemes and then compares them with the original form following chosen criterions. This part also deals with the problem, why the point scheme is not used in some wards, especially why they retreated from it. The research questions are answered in the conclusion. The discussion contains the...

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Bester, Yvonne. "Effek van kognitiewe terapie op die selfbeeld van die depressiewe adolessent : 'n opvoedkundig-sielkundige perspektief." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/821.

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Text in Afrikaans
Depression as disorder is an ever-increasing phenomenon. Especially, during the adolescent years, depression seems to be on the increase. The developmental phase of adolescence, characterised by a fragile self-esteem, places high demands on the adolescent. The depressed adolescent frequently has a negative self-esteem manifesting from the adolescent's belief that the demands of this phase are inadequately met. It would appear as if the depressed individual constantly tends to see himself in a negative light. In this study the focus is on the negative thought processes (cognitive distortions) demonstrated by the depressed adolescent. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of cognitive therapy on the self-esteem of the adolescent and interplay thereof with depression. Beck's psychotherapeutic model is evaluated in the light of a single case study
Educational Studies
M.Ed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Schema therapy'

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