Relevant bibliographies by topics / Schema therapy

Academic literature on the topic 'Schema therapy'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Schema therapy"

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Unoka, Zsolt. "Schema therapy." Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle 66, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/mpszle.66.2011.1.3.

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Elméleti összefoglalómban a kognitív terápiás irányzaton belül kialakult terápiás irányzat, a sématerápia bemutatására vállalkozom. A sématerápia súlyos kapcsolati problémákkal küzdő, személyiségzavarban vagy krónikus első tengely zavarban szenvedő páciensek számára kidolgozott hosszú (heti két alkalom, két éven át) egyéni vagy csoportos terápia. Először bemutatom a sématerápia kognitív, viselkedésterápiás, tárgykapcsolati és kötődéselméletet, Gestalt-terápiás elemeket integráló elméletét. A tanulmány második felében áttekintem a sématerápia hatékonyságára és a korai maladaptív sémaelmélet egyes elemeit alátámasztó kutatási eredményeket. Végül összefoglalom a sématerápia főbb szakaszait és specifikus terápiás technikáit: kognitív, viselkedésmintákat megtörő, élményalapú és a terápiás kapcsolatra fókuszáló technikákat.
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Leahy, Robert L. "Introduction: Emotional Schemas and Emotional Schema Therapy." International Journal of Cognitive Therapy 12, no. 1 (December 17, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41811-018-0038-5.

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Leahy, R. L. "Emotional Schema Therapy." Консультативная психология и психотерапия 29, no. 3 (2021): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2021290304.

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Cognitive therapy has often been criticized as focusing exclusively on rational cogni¬tion rather than on the role of emotion in psychopathology. The Emotional Schema Therapy (EST) approach advances a model of how people think about and respond to their own emotions and those of others. Drawing on Beck’s schema model, the metacognitive model of Adrian Wells, the Acceptance and Commitment Model (ACT), and social cognitive theory, the EST model suggests that beliefs about the duration, controllability, legitimacy, normalcy, shame and guilt about emotions re¬sult in problematic strategies for coping with emotion, such as suppression, avoid¬ance, substance abuse, and rumination. I outline some of the main points of EST and the research supporting the model.
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Videler, Arjan C., Rita J. J. van Royen, Marjolein J. H. Legra, and Machteld A. Ouwens. "Positive schemas in schema therapy with older adults: clinical implications and research suggestions." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 48, no. 4 (March 10, 2020): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465820000077.

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AbstractBackground:Schema therapy is an effective treatment for borderline personality disorder and other complex disorders. Schema therapy is feasible in older adults, and the first empirical support for its effectiveness in later life was provided in older patients with a cluster C personality disorder. The central concept of the schema therapy model is the early maladaptive schema (EMS). Early adaptive schemas (EAS) give rise to adaptive behaviour, and they also emerge during childhood, when core emotional needs are adequately met by primary caregivers.Aims:To examine the concept of EAS and its application in schema therapy with older adults.Method:Literature review and case example: the role of EAS in schema therapy with older adults is discussed and suggestions for integrating EAS in schema therapy in later life are proposed.Results:Directing attention in therapy to EAS may help strengthen the healthy adult mode, and it might also help change a negative life review. Working with positive schemas may be an important avenue for re-awakening positive aspects of patients, reinforcing the therapeutic relationship, creating a positive working atmosphere, and also for facilitating the introduction of experiential schema therapy techniques.Conclusions:This review suggests that positive schemas may be important vehicles of therapeutic change when working with older people. There is a need for validating the Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ) in older adults, and for examining whether integrating EAS in schema therapy with older adults indeed has a positive effect on therapy outcome.
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Huibers, M. "CS05-02 - Schema therapy for chronic depression." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73487-3.

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Although schema or schema-focused therapy is now a well-established treatment for personality disorders such as borderline personality disorder, it was originally developed with long-lasting or chronic forms of depression in mind. In this presentation, I argue why schema therapy is a promising treatment for depression by giving an overview of currently available treatments; describing the theoretical framework of how schema therapy might apply to chronic depression; presenting empirical evidence on the early maladaptive schemas found in depressive patients receiving outpatient treatment; and by describing the design of an ongoing study in which the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of change of schema therapy for chronic depression are examined.
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Younan, Rita, Joan Farrell, and Tamara May. "‘Teaching Me to Parent Myself’: The Feasibility of an In-Patient Group Schema Therapy Programme for Complex Trauma." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 46, no. 4 (December 7, 2017): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465817000698.

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Background: Group schema therapy is an emerging treatment for personality and other psychiatric disorders. It may be particularly suited to individuals with complex trauma given that early abuse is likely to create maladaptive schemas. Aims: This pilot study explored the feasibility and effectiveness of a 4-week in-patient group schema therapy programme for adults with complex trauma in a psychiatric hospital setting. Method: Thirty-six participants with complex trauma syndrome participated in this open trial. Treatment consisted of 60 hours of group schema therapy and 4 hours of individual schema therapy administered over 4 weeks. Feasibility measures included drop-out rates, qualitative interviews with participants to determine programme acceptability and measures of psychiatric symptoms, self-esteem, quality of life and schema modes pre-, post- and 3 months following the intervention. Results: Drop-out rate for the 4-week program was 11%. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed four major themes: connection, mode language explained emotional states, identifying the origin of the problem and the emotional activation of the programme. Measures of psychiatric symptoms, self-esteem and quality of life showed improvement post-treatment and at 3 months post-treatment. There was a reduction in most maladaptive schema modes pre-/post-treatment. Conclusions: A group schema therapy approach for complex trauma is feasible and demonstrates positive effects on psychiatric symptoms and maladaptive schemas.
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Hawke, Lisa D., and Martin D. Provencher. "Schema Theory and Schema Therapy in Mood and Anxiety Disorders: A Review." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 25, no. 4 (2011): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.25.4.257.

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Schema theory was developed for patients with chronic psychological problems who fail to make significant gains in cognitive therapy. Although the theory has been applied most frequently to personality disorders, mood and anxiety disorders may also be a relevant application. This article reviews the literature applying schema theory to mood and anxiety disorders. The literature suggests that people with mood and anxiety disorders present high levels of early maladaptive schemas, some of which would appear to reflect the characteristics of the individual disorders. Preliminary research suggests that schema therapy may be successfully extended to mood and anxiety disorders. Further research is necessary to examine the utility of schema therapy for these clienteles and to identify the individuals who stand to benefit most.
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Krnetić, Igor, and Lana Vujaković. "PSIHOLOŠKA NEFLEKSIBILNOST KAO MEDIJATOR ODNOSA IZMEĐU RANIH MALADAPTIVNIH SHEMA I MANIFESTACIJA DEPRESIVNOSTI, ANKSIOZNOSTI I STRESA." ГОДИШЊАК ЗА ПСИХОЛОГИЈУ 18, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/gpsi.18.2021.01.

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Although the link between Early Maladaptive Schemas and many psychopathological manifestations has been confirmed, there is still not enough research examining the mechanism by which this link is realized. The aim of this study was to examine whether psychological inflexibility could be a mediator of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas grouped in schema domains and problems in current functioning, manifested through depression, anxiety and stress symptoms. Among the instruments used were the Young’s Schema Questionnaire, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales. The sample included 320 subjects (Nfemales = 215; M = 33.5; SD = 9.6). The results indicate significant connections of psychological inflexibility with all scheme domains and all criterion variables, with this connection being the strongest in relation to depression (r = .74, p < .01) and autonomy impairment domain (r = .74, p < .01). Schema domains are important predictors of criterion variables, provided that the highest percentage of explained variance is in relation to depression. Psychological inflexibility has been shown to be a partial mediator of all relations between all schema domains and manifestations of depression, anxiety and stress. Although schema domains still have a significant direct effect on psychopathological manifestations, in the case of impaired limits when it comes to anxiety (b = .045; p<.05, 95% BCa CI [.03, .05]) and depression (b = .06, p<.05, 95% BCa CI [.04, .07]) the difference between the indirect and direct effect is most evident, while in the case of stress the greatest difference between the effects is in relation to the domain of autonomy impairment (b = .07, p < .05, 95% BCa CI [.05, .08]). The implications for the integration of schema therapy and third wave cognitive-behavioral therapy are discussed. Keywords: early maladaptive schemas, schema domains, psychological flexibility, depression, stress, anxiety
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Kermani, Nahid, Faride Dookaneei, Abdollah Shafiabadi, and Mansour Abdi. "Schema therapy and marital intimacy." Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues 8, no. 4 (December 29, 2018): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v8i4.3942.

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This study investigates the effectiveness of schema therapy on the marital agreement of client who attends counselling clinic centre services on region five of the city of Tehran. The population were all of the clients who attend the services during 2011 winter and looking for family counselling services. Among 14 clients, seven couple revised schema therapy and seven were under control group that they have chosen randomly from volunteers. The sympathy between couples and research hypothesis are investigated by covariance test. The result shows that schema therapy was effective to improve the effectiveness of schema therapy on marital intimacy between couples and could be a good method for family therapy for Iranian couples. Keywords: Schema therapy, couple therapy, marital intimacy.
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Priemer, Margaret, France Talbot, and Douglas J. French. "Impact of Self-Help Schema Therapy on Psychological Distress and Early Maladaptive Schemas: A Randomised Controlled Trial." Behaviour Change 32, no. 1 (March 4, 2015): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2014.30.

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Self-help cognitive behaviour therapy has been found helpful in treating anxiety and depression. Recent evidence suggests that self-help schema therapy may represent another treatment alternative. The present study aimed to provide a preliminary assessment of the efficacy of self-help schema therapy on psychological distress and early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) using a 6-week treatment protocol with minimal email contact. Method: Participants were recruited from the general population and randomly assigned to self-help schema therapy (n = 32) or a waitlist (n = 32). Intent-to-treat analyses and study completer analyses were conducted using repeated-measures analyses of variance (time × group). Results: Intent-to-treat analyses revealed that treatment produced a marginal improvement in distress, but no change in EMSs. Among study completers (n = 34), self-help schema therapy yielded large reductions in distress scores on the Outcome Questionnaire-45.2 (partial eta squared = .16). Compared to the waitlist, self-help schema therapy also produced a moderate decrease in EMSs (partial eta squared = .10). The majority of study completers showed reliable clinical change in distress and reported high levels of satisfaction with the intervention. Conclusion: Self-help schema therapy may be an effective treatment for those individuals who persist in treatment. Self-help schema therapy has the potential to help a large number of individuals who may not otherwise have access to services. More research is needed to determine variables associated with treatment adherence and successful outcome.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Schema therapy"

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Louis, John Philip. "Clinical psychology : development of measures for schema therapy." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27350.

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Schema therapy is a leading contemporary approach to treating mental illness. The therapy integrally uses self-report measures of negative schemas (“long lasting patterns of emotions, cognitions and memories”), and the negative parenting patterns that are linked to the development of these schemas. However, the negative parenting measures are insufficient, and there are no corresponding measures of positive schemas or positive parenting patterns. Study 1 focused on the development of a measure for positive schemas, the Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YPSQ). Study 2 focused on the development of a measure for positive parenting patterns, the Positive Parenting Schema Inventory (PPSI). Finally, Study 3 empirically showed that the subscales of the Young Parenting Inventory (YPI) were not robust, and it provided a revised alternative (YPI-R2). For all three studies combined, community samples (n = 204 to 628) were collected from five countries in Asia (India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines) as well as the United States. The factor structure of the three instruments (the YPSQ, PPSI and YPI-R2) was stable in both Eastern and Western samples (in multigroup confirmatory factor analysis). All three scales showed prediction of mental health over and above what was possible with previous measures (incremental validity). The scales were not simply proxies for previously measured constructs (divergent validity). These scales also demonstrated significant associations with other established measures of parenting (construct validity). They also showed associations with negative schemas, well-being and ill-being (convergent validity). This thesis provides the tools needed to include a focus on positive as well as negative schemas and parenting patterns in both research and clinical practice. It also shows the benefits of so doing.
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Connan, Verna Joan. "Factor analysis of the short version of the Young Schema Questionnaire." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52265.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In response to increased focus on schemas within cognitive therapy and specifically in the treatment of personality disorders, Young developed an instrument to measure early maladaptive schemas, the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ). The statistical properties of this measure have been investigated, and due to its length, a shortened version was developed (the YSQ-S). In the present study the factor structure of the YSQ-S was investigated in a group of South African undergraduate psychology students (N = 300). In contrast with the findings of the studies done on the YSQ, 14 of Young's 15 schemas were identified as factors in the YSQ-S, corresponding largely with the theoretically underlying structure. A higher order factor analysis solution was also found to resemble the structure proposed by Young.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die groter fokus op skemas binne die kognitiewe terapie, veral met betrekking tot die behandeling van persoonlikheidsversteurings, het daartoe gelei dat Young 'n meetmiddel, naamlik die Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), ontwikkel het om vroeë wanaangepaste skemas ("early maladaptive schemas") te meet. Die statistiese eienskappe van hierdie meetmiddel is reeds nagevors, en as gevolg van die lengte van hierdie meetmiddel, is 'n verkorte weergawe daarvan ontwikkel (YSQ-S). In die huidige studie is die faktoriale struktuur van die YSQ-S by 'n groep Suid Afrikaanse voorgraadse sielkunde studente (N = 300) ondersoek. In teenstelling met die bevindings van vroeëre studies op die YSQ, is 14 van die 15 van Young se skemas as faktore by die YSQ-S geïdentifiseer, wat grootliks ooreengestem het met die teoreties gekonseptualiseerde onderligende struktuur. Die oplossing van 'n hoër-ordefaktorontleding het ook ooreengestem met die struktuur wat deur Young voorgestel is.
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Masley, Samantha. "Exploring the relationship between schema modes, cognitive fusion and eating disorders." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6444.

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Aim: Schema therapy is becoming an increasingly popular psychological model for working with individuals who have a variety of mental health and personality difficulties. The aim of this review is to look at the current evidence base for schema therapy and highlight directions for further research. Method: A systematic search of the literature was conducted up until January 2011. All studies that had clinically tested the efficacy of schema therapy as described by Jeffrey Young (Young, 1994; Young et al., 2003) were considered. These studies underwent detailed quality assessments based on Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN-50) culminating in twelve studies being included in the review. Results: The culminative message (both from the popularity of this model and the medium to large effect sizes) is of a theory which has already demonstrated clinically effective outcomes in a small number of studies and which would benefit from ongoing research and development with complex client groups. Recommendations: It is imperative that psychological practice be guided by high quality research that demonstrates efficacious, evidence based interventions. It is therefore recommended that researchers and clinicians working with schema therapy seek to build on these positive outcomes and further demonstrate the clinical effectiveness of this model through ongoing research.
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Tan, Yeow May. "Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: Patients' and therapists' perceptions." Thesis, Tan, Yeow May (2015) Schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: Patients' and therapists' perceptions. Professional Doctorate thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/28415/.

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Schema therapy (ST) is effective in promoting clinically meaningful gains that ameliorate symptomatology for borderline personality disorder (BPD). However very little is known about how the therapy is experienced by patients or therapists including which elements of ST are effective from patients’ and therapists’ perspectives. The aim of this study is to explore BPD patients’ experiences of receiving ST and therapists’ experiences in delivering ST. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 patients who had a primary diagnosis of BPD and eight trained schema therapists. Interview data were analysed following the procedures of inductive, content analysis. Patients’ broad perceptions of ST included the experience of greater self-understanding, better awareness of their own emotional processes and better connections with their emotions. While the process of ST was perceived as emotionally confronting, patient narratives highlighted that this was perceived as necessary. Therapists generally regarded their experience as rewarding based on patients’ positive responses to treatment, and discussed changes made in their professional (e.g. incorporating more ST in their therapy) and personal (e.g. increased self-awareness) lives. However therapists also described being confronted with novel challenging situations despite having years of therapy experience. Patients and therapists were concordant on several therapeutic components of ST (e.g. ST provides insight, benefits of experiential techniques) and some therapeutic group factors not specific to ST (e.g. sense of connection among group members). On the other hand there exists a possible interplay between level of patient dysfunction within the group and therapists’ ability to manage group conflict. Recommendations for more effective implementation of schema therapy are discussed as well as issues for other specialist treatment approaches to BPD particularly concerning termination of therapy and definitions of recovery. Finally implications of the findings are discussed in terms of assessing the suitability of patients for group ST.
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Stuart, Elizabeth A. "A psychometric and experimental evaluation of schema therapy assessment measures." Thesis, Stuart, Elizabeth A. (2021) A psychometric and experimental evaluation of schema therapy assessment measures. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/61821/.

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Understanding measures designed for use in schema therapy is an important step in the overall research to validate these questionnaires and their clinical application. Schema therapists rely on this data to inform clinical treatment from the first session, however, to date no studies have been published on the relationship between the three predominant schema measures’ (Young Schema Questionnaire – Short 3rd Edition [YSQ-S3], Schema Mode Inventory [SMI] and Young Parenting Inventory - Revised [YPI-R]) and their relationship with other measures of psychopathology. This research aims to understand in more depth the psychometric properties of these measures and to also examine experimentally the emotional sensitivity of all three schema therapy measures to exposure to a mood induction procedure (MIP). Following several introductory chapters, data from a community sample (N=379) drawn from Perth, Western Australia, were utilised in a first empirical study (Study 1) in which a preliminary analysis was undertaken to ascertain the basic reliability and construct validity of the three schema measures of interest. It was hypothesised that the YSQ-S3 would demonstrate high internal consistency for the 18 schemas, and these predictions were supported by the findings. In an attempt to provide clarity for the scoring methodology used in this and subsequent chapters, Young’s (1999) original scoring of the Young Parenting Inventory (YPI) and Sheffield et al.’s (2005) scoring of the YPI-R were examined, with the YPI-R being slightly favoured for this sample and, therefore, chosen as the parenting inventory of choice for subsequent analyses in the current research. Study 1 also investigated whether predictive relationships exist between parenting patterns, early maladaptive schemas and schema modes. This was further explored to determine which schema scales could predict adult psychopathology on the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised. The Vulnerable Child mode accounted for variance across all scales within the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), with paternal belittling parenting and maternal emotionally inhibited parenting patterns accounting for much of the variance across the early maladaptive schemas and measures of psychopathology. These results suggest that further studies could be undertaken investigating the role that perceived parenting patterns play in the development of schemas, schema modes and psychopathology. In preparation for the experimental study (Study 2), a small pilot study was conducted with a university student sample (N=9) to determine the music used as a component within the Mood Induction Procedure. This small sample rated music for its effect on their own anger, sadness or lack of any emotion (neutrality); these ratings were used to determine the music to be played for the entire duration of the retest session in Study 2. It was found that music tended to be clustered by genre for mood (e.g., heavy/death metal for anger; minor key, slow tempo, classical music for sadness; and lyric-less dance/electronica music for inducing no discrete emotion/neutrality). The music rated in the pilot study was a key component for the MIP used as the experimental component of Study 2 (N=80), which utilised a test–retest design to determine whether any of the schema measures (or subscales) were sensitive to contemporaneous emotional interference via a mood manipulation during retest. It was hypothesised on theoretical grounds that the early maladaptive schemas should remain stable but the study’s findings did not support this. All three schema measures—YSQ-S3, SMI and YPI-R—were susceptible to mood induction suggesting a pattern of emotional responding. This raises further questions about both the psychometric features of the measures and their construct validity in terms of the role of schemas and schema modes. Given that schemas are theorised to be lifelong and ego-syntonic, and currently measures of such constructs are assumed to be able to retrospectively measure such early schema, an experimental demonstration of the susceptibility of these measures to current mood raises questions about such claims. Thus this thesis contributes to the study of the psychometrics of the schema measures and our understanding of the role that state-based emotion plays in the self-reported expression of schema, parenting patterns and schema modes.
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Durrance, Samantha A. "Closing the suitcase : forensic service users' experiences of imagery in schema therapy." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2011. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/18946/.

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Schema therapy was developed as a treatment for chronic and entrenched psychological difficulties, and has progressed to be used as an offence focused intervention that addresses dynamic risk factors. This thesis investigated the lived experiences of people with diagnoses of personality disorder who had offended and who had used the technique of imagery in schema therapy. This was explored because although the literature around schema therapy demonstrates some support for the effectiveness of schema therapy holistically, the individual components of this therapy have not been explored. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis is felt to be an appropriate methodology to address this gap in the literature as it explored imagery from the perspective of those who had experienced it and also acknowledged the researcher‟s influence in co-constructing the understanding of the experience. This methodology allowed for a starting point of knowledge by beginning to develop an understanding of this area which could potentially inform future research. Semistructured interviews were conducted with six people diagnosed with Personality Disorder, who had offended and who had used imagery in schema therapy. Their experiences were explored using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Throughout analysis a metaphor of life as a journey on which one carries carry emotional baggage resonated and themes were named accordingly. An overarching theme of the life journey (as temporal) enveloped three super-ordinate themes of opening the suitcase (revisiting trauma), unpacking and ordering the contents (therapeutic processes), and closing the suitcase (therapeutic outcomes). The super-ordinate theme of opening the suitcase incorporated a subordinate theme of reconnecting with the childhood self which overlapped with the super-ordinate theme of unpacking and ordering the contents. The super-ordinate theme of unpacking and ordering the contents included three subordinate themes, 1) emotional control (i.e. attempts to control emotions isolate people from others, but losing control of emotions during imagery leads to interpersonal connectedness with the therapist), 2) moving on versus being stuck in the past and 3) the therapeutic relationship as characterized by trust, and meeting needs. The second of these subordinate themes was felt to overlap with the super-ordinate theme of closing the suitcase. The super-ordinate theme of closing the suitcase was felt to contain two subordinate themes of healing the fractured self and applying what has been learned. All three super-ordinate themes were penetrated by another theme; distancing from the trauma (protection from emotional pain). This theme was felt to be embedded within descriptions of revisiting the trauma, re-connecting with the childhood self, emotional control, the therapeutic relationship, healing the fractured self and applying what has been learned. Two other minor themes were also identified relating to use of professional language and avoidance. It was concluded that for the six participants in this study, imagery was described as a process that enabled them to close the suitcase and put it away without fear that its contents would be unintentionally disgorged. These results represent the first qualitative exploration of people's lived experiences of imagery in schema therapy. The results add to the literature around both schema therapy and imagery separately. Although these results are not generalisable, they may be transferable to other groups that have topographically similar experiences and therefore they offer a new way to understand imagery in schema therapy.
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Bastick, Emily. "Group schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: The effects of therapy specific factors versus non-specific factors on outcome." Thesis, Bastick, Emily (2017) Group schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: The effects of therapy specific factors versus non-specific factors on outcome. Professional Doctorate thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/39358/.

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The conclusions from initial research on group schema therapy (GST) are that it is a promising treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD). The overarching aim of this research was to identify whether the unique aspects (or specific factors) of GST effect positive change for patients with BPD. It was hypothesised that both treatment fidelity and group cohesion are important factors in influencing and predicting outcomes in GST for BPD. With the aim in mind, Study One sought refine and evaluate a fidelity measure for GST, the Group Schema Therapy Rating Scale - Revised (GSTRS-R). Following a pilot study on an initial version of the scale, items were revised and guidelines were modified in order to improve the reliability of the scale. Participants included four therapists and 16 patients across two Australian GST groups. Students highly experienced with the scale rated 10 video recorded GST therapy sessions using the GSTRS-R in addition to a group cohesion measure, the Harvard Community Health Plan Group Cohesiveness Scale – II (GCS-II). The resulting GSTRS-R was found to have excellent internal consistency, substantial inter-rater reliability, and adequate discriminate validity, evidenced by a weak positive correlation with the GCS-II. Study Two utilised the GSTRS-R to examine the relative contributions of specific treatment factors related to schema therapy and non-specific factors (group cohesion) on the treatment outcome of GST for BPD. Participants included 30 therapists and 122 patients across 15 GST groups within three countries. Specific treatment factors were assessed using GSTRS-R and group cohesion via the GCSII. There was a significant, moderate positive correlation between treatment fidelity (therapist competence) and group cohesion within the GST groups. Better therapist competence was associated with higher participant retention, with one therapy delivery format having significantly better treatment retention than the other. Neither therapist competence nor group cohesion were found to account for a significant amount of variance in change scores (reduction in BPD symptoms). Thus there appears to be unique aspects of schema therapy that improves retention above common therapy factors such as group cohesion. The limitations and clinical implications of both studies are discussed.
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Saldias, Amber. "Deliberate self-harm in a clinical sample : the impact of schema modes, parental bonding and perceived stress." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7802.

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Introduction: Deliberate self-harm is being increasingly recognised as a behaviour with significant clinical importance. Yet, there remains uncertainty regarding which forms of psychological therapy are most effective for its treatment. Schema Therapy is an integrative psychotherapy blending elements of cognitive behaviour therapy, object relations and gestalt therapy into a unified approach for the treatment of individuals with complex and chronic psychological conditions. The current thesis aimed to provide a better understanding of the Schema Therapy model and its association with deliberate self-harm. Systematic Review: Despite the increasing evidence base for the efficacy of Schema Therapy, less is known about the evidence for its theoretical underpinnings. To address this gap in the literature a systematic review was undertaken to explore the following question: How empirically supported is the theoretical underpinning of Schema Therapy? In a systematic search of the literature conducted until 01 June 2012, studies based on cross-sectional, longitudinal, intervention, meditational and experimental designs were considered. These studies underwent detailed quality analysis culminating in 19 articles being included in the current review. Overall these studies indicate that many of the key theoretical assumptions in Schema Therapy are supported by the literature. Empirical Study: Schema Therapy has recently been expanded to include the ‘schema mode’ concept, with a number of researchers highlighting an association between particular schema modes and a number of chronic psychological conditions. Although the schema mode model allows a method for understanding moment-to-moment emotional states it has not previously been explored in relation to deliberate self-harm. The current project aimed to explore the relationship between these variables and their association with early experiences of parental bonding and current levels of perceived stress. 70 psychiatric outpatients with a history of deliberate self-harm completed a number of measures including the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, Schema Mode Inventory, Parental Bonding Instrument and Perceived Stress Scale. Results revealed significant associations between deliberate self-harm, maladaptive schema modes, perceived stress and patterns of parental care. Maladaptive schema modes significantly mediated the relationship between parental care and deliberate self-harm. The Punitive Parent and Angry Child modes were significant mediators in this relationship. Conclusion: Results from the systematic review support the notion that Schema Therapy has a good theoretical underpinning. The empirical study also supports Schema Therapy by highlighting the meditational role of maladaptive schema modes in the relationship between low parental care in childhood and deliberate self-harm in adulthood. These findings provide further support for the Schema Therapy model and suggest that individuals with deliberate self-harm may benefit from this treatment.
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Lyon, Helen Michelle. "Social cognition and the manic defence : attributions, selective attention and self-schema in bipolar affective disorder." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/social-cognition-and-the-manic-defence-attributions-selective-attention-and-selfschema-in-bipolar-affective-disorder(72447264-6a15-4ba9-8584-1f375c96c627).html.

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Psychological studies in bipolar affective disorder and analogue conditions suggest that mania may be the product of an abnormal defence against depression. In this study, currently manic bipolar individuals, currently depressed bipolar individuals, and normal controls were assessed using explicit and implicit measures of attributional style, an emotional Stroop test with euphoria-related and depression-related words and a recall measure of the selfschema. Manic individuals showed a normal self-serving bias on a version of the explicit attributional style questionnaire, attributing positive events more than negative events to self, in contrast to bipolar-depressed individuals who attributed negative events more than positive events to self. However, on an implicit test of attributional style, both manic and bipolar-depressed individuals attributed negative events more than positive events to self. Both bipolar-manic and bipolar-depressed individuals demonstrated slowed colour naming for depression-related but not euphoriarelated words on an emotional Stroop test. Manic individuals, like normal controls, endorsed primarily positive words as true to self on a self referent questionnaire, but like bipolar-depressed individuals, recalled primarily negative words in a surprise recall test afterwards. Findings from the implicit tests therefore indicate a common form of psychological organisation in manic and depressed individuals, whereas the contrasts between the scores on the implicit and explicit measures are in accord with the hypothesis of a manic-defence. Future avenues for research and implications for treatment are discussed.
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Corbridge, Claire. "The role of emotional inhibition in bulimic disorders : evaluation of a schema-focused model of emotionally-driven eating in bulimia." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299411.

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Books on the topic "Schema therapy"

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Leahy, Robert L. Emotional Schema Therapy. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. I Includes bibliographical references and index.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203711095.

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Simeone-DiFrancesco, Chiara, Eckhard Roediger, and Bruce A. Stevens. Schema Therapy with Couples. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118972700.

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Arntz, Arnoud. Schema therapy in practice: An introductory guide to the schema mode approach. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2012.

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Farrell, Joan M., Neele Reiss, and Ida A. Shaw. The Schema Therapy Clinician's Guide. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118510018.

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Heath, Gillian, and Helen Startup, eds. Creative Methods in Schema Therapy. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351171847.

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Behary, Wendy T., Joan M. Farrell, Alexandre Vaz, and Tony Rousmaniere. Deliberate practice in schema therapy. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000326-000.

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Arntz, Arnoud. Schema therapy for borderline personality disorders. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

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Vreeswijk, Michiel van. The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of schema therapy: Theory, research, and practice. Hoboken: John Wiley, 2012.

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van Vreeswijk, Michiel, Jenny Broersen, and Marjon Nadort, eds. The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Schema Therapy. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119962830.

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Farrell, Joan M., and Ida A. Shaw, eds. Group Schema Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119943167.

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Book chapters on the topic "Schema therapy"

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Taylor, Christopher D. J., and Arnoud Arntz. "Schema Therapy." In The Wiley Handbook of Positive Clinical Psychology, 461–76. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118468197.ch30.

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Rafaeli, Eshkol. "Schema Therapy." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 4559–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_943.

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Rafaeli, Eshkol. "Schema Therapy." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_943-1.

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Farrell, Joan M., Heather Fretwell, and Neele Reiss. "Schema Therapy." In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, 2939–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_1861.

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Fassbinder, Eva, and Arnoud Arntz. "Schema therapy." In Handbook of cognitive behavioral therapy: Overview and approaches (Vol. 1)., 493–537. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000218-017.

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Riso, Lawrence P., and Carolina McBride. "Schema therapy." In Psychotherapy theories and techniques: A reader., 345–49. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14295-037.

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Leahy, Robert L. "Emotional schemas in therapy." In Emotional Schema Therapy, 75–78. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. I Includes bibliographical references and index.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203711095-15.

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Leahy, Robert L. "From cognition to emotion." In Emotional Schema Therapy, 3–10. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. I Includes bibliographical references and index.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203711095-1.

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Leahy, Robert L. "Normalizing and pathologizing emotions." In Emotional Schema Therapy, 49–52. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. I Includes bibliographical references and index.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203711095-10.

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Leahy, Robert L. "Metaphors of inclusiveness of emotions." In Emotional Schema Therapy, 53–58. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. I Includes bibliographical references and index.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203711095-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Schema therapy"

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Kopf-Beck, J., P. Sämann, D. Höhn, S. Egli, E. Friess, P. Graf, S. Leistner, et al. "The MPI-PT Study: Understanding common and differential efficacy patterns of schema therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of depression." In Abstracts of the 30th Symposium of the AGNP. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606391.

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Jalali, Farzad, Alireza Hasani, Niloofar Fakoor Sharghi, and Seyedeh Fatemeh Hashemi. "P4.40 The effectiveness of cognitive group therapy based on schema-focused approach for decreasing depression in prisoners living with hiv." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.537.

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Daněk, Alois. "Hudební výchova – možnosti v edukaci sociálně znevýhodněných dětí." In Musica viva in schola. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0028-2021-7.

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Music education has an irreplaceable position in the education of children with special educational needs. However, in the context of this target group, it is often confused with music therapy. The aim of this paper is to present to the professional public the results of a music education project in which we worked with a group of socially disadvantaged children. We chose a qualitative research design which allowed us to gain a thorough insight into the research setting. We gathered information using interviews and processed the data using grounded theory and phenomenological interpretive analysis. The results obtained point to the need for a modification of music education that would respond to the specificities of this target group. We will use the research outcomes to demonstrate the individual differences and points of contact between music education, music therapy, and music philetics. In the discussion, we will reflect on the need for thorough teacher training and highlight the untapped interdisciplinary potential of modern music education.
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Trübestein, G., M. Ludwig, M. Wilgalis, R. Trübestein, and S. Popov. "FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY WITH STREPTOKINASE AND UROKINASE IN DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643001.

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336 patients with acute 1-6 day old, and subacute, 1-3 week old deep vein thrombosis were treated with streptokinase (SK) or urokinase (UK) up to April 1, 1985. 175 patients were included in the SK group, 161 patients in the UK group. A standardized SK-heparin and the standardized UK-heparin dosage scheme with 100.000 IU SK/h or 100.000 IU UK/ h were used. In patients with acute deep vein thrombosis a complete recanalisation could be achieved in 67% and a partial recanalisation in 25% with the standardized SK scheme; a complete recanalisation could be achieved in 46%, and a partial recanalisation in 30% with the standardized UK scheme.Since April 1, 1985 we use the ultra high SK dosage scheme, with an initial dose of 250.000 IU SK/h and a maintenance dose of 1.500.000 IU SK/h over.6 hours. So far 28 patients were treated in this way. The results show, that with an ultra high SK-dosage scheme a complete recanalisation could be achieved in 46% and a partial recanalisation in 25% in 1-6 day old deep vein thromboses. The results of both the SK schemes and the UK scheme are discussed in accordance with the haemostaseologica1 parameters.
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Приленский, Борис Юрьевич, and Георгий Викторович Коленчик. "PANIC ATTACK THERAPY. LITERATURE REVIEW." In Психология. Спорт. Здравоохранение: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Октябрь 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/psm293.2020.52.27.002.

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На сегодняшний день панические атаки являются достаточно распространенным и трудным для лечения заболеванием. Помимо этого, не существует четкой схемы терапии данной патологии, в связи с чем, считаем целесообразным рассмотреть и проанализировать современные способы терапии данного недуга. Today, panic attacks are a fairly common and difficult disease to treat. In addition, there is no clear treatment scheme for this pathology, in connection with which we consider it appropriate to consider and analyze modern methods of therapy for this disease.
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Skobeltcin, A. S., A. V. Ryabova, Yu S. Maklygina, and V. B. Loschenov. "Tumorigenesis and metastasis scheme from photodynamic therapy perspective." In 2020 International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iclo48556.2020.9285734.

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Stringer, Mark R., Emma J. Hudson, Colin P. Dunkley, Jeanetta C. Boyce, Michael J. Gannon, and Michael A. Smith. "Light delivery schemes for uterine photodynamic therapy." In Europto Biomedical Optics '93, edited by Giulio Jori, Johan Moan, and Willem M. Star. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.168713.

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Margina, K. V. "DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPY OF HORSE STRONGILATOSIS (CLINICAL CASE)." In DIGEST OF ARTICLES ALL-RUSSIAN (NATIONAL) SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "CURRENT ISSUES OF VETERINARY MEDICINE: EDUCATION, SCIENCE, PRACTICE", DEDICATED TO THE 190TH ANNIVERSARY FROM THE BIRTH OF A.P. Stepanova. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1853-9-2021-47.

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This article discusses a case of horse strongylatosis, its diagnosis and treatment. The main goal of this work is to study the medical treatment of this disease in horses. The scheme of diagnosis and treatment of endoparasitic disease and conclusions based on the results of the study are described.
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Artemiadis, Panagiotis K., and Hermano Igo Krebs. "Impedance-Based Control of the MIT-Skywalker." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4186.

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Walking impairments are a common sequela of neurological injury, severely affecting the quality of life of both adults and children. Gait therapy is the traditional approach to ameliorate the problem by re-training the nervous system and there have been some attempts to mechanize such approach. In this paper, we present a novel impedance controller for the MIT-Skywalker. In contrast to previous approaches in mechanized gait therapy, the MIT-Skywalker does not impose a rigid kinematics pattern of normal gait on impaired walkers. Instead, it takes advantage of the concept of passive walkers and the natural dynamics of the lower extremity in order to deliver more “ecological” therapy. The proposed closed-loop control scheme can regulate the interaction between the walker and the treadmill and can provide the appropriate feedback to the walker during stance phase as well as at heel-strike and toe-off. Simulation results prove the feasibility of the impedance-based control scheme.
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Kalevich, M. V., and M. N. Piatkevich. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IRRADIATION METHODS FOR PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-352-356.

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To select the optimal treatment method, it is important to use the full range of radiation therapy parameters. The aim of the work is to assess and quantitatively analyze the dosimetric and time parameters of radiation therapy plans using different fractionation schemes (sequential boost, integrated boost).
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Reports on the topic "Schema therapy"

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Lutz, Carsten. Reasoning about Entity Relationship Diagrams with Complex Attribute Dependencies. Aachen University of Technology, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.119.

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Entity Relationship (ER) diagrams are among the most popular formalisms for the support of database design [7, 12, 17, 6]. Their classical use in the (usually computer aided) database design process can roughly be described as follows: after evaluating the requirements of the application, the database designer constructs an ER schema, which represents the conceptual model of the new database. CASE tools can be used to automatically transform the ER schema into a relational database schema, which is then manually fine-tuned. During the last years, the initially rather simple ER formalisms has been extended by various means of expressivity to account for new, more complex application areas such as schema integration for data warehouses [12, 3, 13]. Designing a conceptual model with such enriched ER diagrams is a nontrivial task: there exist complex interactions between the various means of expressivity, which quite often result in unnoticed inconsistencies in the ER schemas and in implicit ramifications of the modeling that have not been intended by the designer. To address this problem, Description Logics (DLs) have been proposed and succesfully used as a tool for reasoning about ER diagrams and thereby detecting the aforementioned anomalies [5, 6, 8].
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zhang, linlin, xihua liu, yuxiao chen, qing wang, xinjie qu, xiaoming xi, haihao cao, limin wang, qiang chen, and hongyan bi. Effect of exercise training in multiple sclerosis: a protocol for systematic reviews and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0163.

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Review question / Objective: The main purpose of this scheme is to analyze and evaluate the effect on MS symptoms, quality of life, and improvement of mental state through strict literature aerobic training and the movement of resistance training, and to compare aerobic training, resistance training, and the combination of aerobic and resistance training through network meta-analysis, select the best scheme of intervention, and provide a reference for clinical and evidence-based guidelines. Information sources: Randomized controlled trials of exercise therapy for MS were searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP, and CBM databases.
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Kindt, Roeland, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, and James M Roshetko. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21001.pdf.

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A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species had weediness characteristics according to ‘attribute’ invasiveness databases that were also reviewed, thereby demonstrating potential environmental concerns associated with tree planting that need to be balanced against environmental and livelihood benefits. Less than half of the ‘top-100’ species were included in the OECD Scheme for the Certification of Forest Reproductive Material, thus supporting a view that lack of germplasm access is a common concern for trees. A comparison of the ‘top-100’ species with regionally-defined tree inventories indicated their diverse continental origins, as would be anticipated from a global analysis. However, compared to baseline expectations, some geographic regions were better represented than others. Our analysis assists in priority-setting for research and serves as a guide to practical tree planting initiatives. We stress that this ‘top-100’ list does not necessarily represent tree priorities for the future, but provides a starting point for also addressing representation gaps. Indeed, our primary concern going forward is with the latter.
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Just, Richard E., Eithan Hochman, and Sinaia Netanyahu. Problems and Prospects in the Political Economy of Trans-Boundary Water Issues. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573997.bard.

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The objective of this research was to develop and apply a conceptual framework for evaluating the potential of trans-boundary bargaining with respect to water resource sharing. The research accomplished this objective by developing a framework for trans-boundary bargaining, identifying opportunities for application, and illustrating the potential benefits that can be gained thereby. Specifically, we have accomplished the following: - Developed a framework to measure the potential for improving economic efficiency considering issues of political feasibility and sustainability that are crucial in trans-boundary cooperation. - Used both cooperative and non-cooperative game theory to assess feasible coalitions among the parties involved and to model potential bargaining procedures. - Identified empirically alternative schemes of cooperation that both improve upon the economic efficiency of present water usage and appease all of the cooperating parties. - Estimated the potential short-run and long-run affects of water reallocation on the agricultural sector and used this information to understand potential strategies taken by the countries in bargaining processes. - Performed case studies in Israeli-Jordanian relations, the relationship of Israel to the Palestinian Authority, and cooperation on the Chesapeake Bay. - Published or have in process publication of a series of refereed journal articles. - Published a book which first develops the theoretical framework, then presents research results relating to the case studies, and finally draws implications for water cooperation issues generally. Background to the Topic The increase in water scarcity and decline in water quality that has resulted from increased agricultural, industrial, and urban demands raises questions regarding profitability of the agricultural sector under its present structure. The lack of efficient management has been underscored recently by consecutive years of drought in Israel and increased needs to clean up the Chesapeake Bay. Since agriculture in the Middle East (Chesapeake Bay) is both the main water user (polluter) and the low-value user (polluter), a reallocation of water use (pollution rights) away from agriculture is likely with further industrial and urban growth. Furthermore, the trans-boundary nature of water resources in the case of the Middle East and the Chesapeake Bay contributes to increased conflicts over the use of the resources and therefore requires a political economic approach. Major Conclusions, Solutions, Achievements and Implications Using game theory tools, we critically identify obstacles to cooperation. We identify potential gains from coordination on trans-boundary water policies and projects. We identify the conditions under which partial (versus grand) coalitions dominate in solving water quality disputes among riparian countries. We identify conditions under which linking water issues to unrelated disputes achieves gains in trans-boundary negotiations. We show that gains are likely only when unrelated issues satisfy certain characteristics. We find conditions for efficient water markets under price-determined and quantity-determined markets. We find water recycling and adoption of new technologies such as desalination can be part of the solution for alleviating water shortages locally and regionally but that timing is likely to be different than anticipated. These results have been disseminated through a wide variety of publications and oral presentations as well as through interaction with policymakers in both countries.
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