Journal articles on the topic 'Schema formation'
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Kahouei, Mehdi, Fatemeh Paknazar, Masoumeh Alimohammadi, and Ghazaleh Mosayebi. "Relationship Between the Early Maladaptive Schema and Social Networks Addiction Among Semnan University of Medical Sciences Students." Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 26, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.26.2.3146.1.
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Objectives: Early maladaptive schemas are self-destructive emotional and cognitive patterns that have been formed at the beginning of development and are repeated in life. Since early maladaptive schemas can be the most predictive of addiction and social networking addiction is also considered as an injury or complication. This study aimed to determine the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social network addiction among students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 350 students of Semnan University of Medical Sciences. In this study, Yang’s Short Form Questionnaire and the questionnaire of social network s addiction based on mobile were used. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: There were 186 (53.2%) students who had social network addiction. Of them, 215 (61.4%) had at least one early maladaptive schema. The gender of the woman (OR=0.35, P=0.021), age over 21 years (OR=0.56, P<0.001), the formation of the schema of recognition (OR=0.54, P=0.01) and the formation of the schema entitlement (OR=0.47, P=0.002) with the reduction and the formation of the schema of social isolation / emotional inhibition (OR=2.94, P=0.006) was accompanied with increasing of the chance of being addicted to social networks. Conclusion: The results showed that some of the individual characteristics and the formation of some of the schemas are associated with decreasing and increasing the chance of addiction to social networks.
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Yasmin, Humaira, Atia Sharif, and Asma Rashid. "Antecedents and Consequences of Schema Modes among Adults." Journal of Peace, Development & Communication me 05, issue 2 (June 30, 2021): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36968/jpdc-v05-i02-27.
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Personality disorders (PDs) have a long history of understanding the causes and consequences of PDs. The Schema Theory explained a series of psychological processes that led to the genesis of PDs, rather than the antecedents-consequences dichotomy. Bad childhood events, according to Young's Schema Theory, contribute to the formation of childhood negative cognitive schemas, some of which (schemas) survive into adulthood and transform into PDs. The same theoretically proposed strategy was tested in this investigation. Mediating role of schema modes between emotional maltreatment and PDs in adults was investigated. The study was conducted with 1000 adults by using cross-sectional survey design. Mediation analysis explained that schema modes mediated between emotional maltreatments and PDs of adults. Thus, the Schema Theory gained support from the empirical data. Schema modes mediated for all personality clusters including cluster-A, B and C. In line with these empirical insights, the maladaptive personality traits also mediated between emotional maltreatments and PDs of adults
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van Kesteren, Marlieke T. R., Dirk J. Ruiter, Guillén Fernández, and Richard N. Henson. "How schema and novelty augment memory formation." Trends in Neurosciences 35, no. 4 (April 2012): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2012.02.001.
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Inčiuraitė, Lina. "Cognitive Approach to Word Formation." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 2 (October 25, 2013): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2013.17257.
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Structural approach to word formation in Lithuanian is still dominant, meanwhile cognitive insights have not been applied yet. The object of this paper is the aspects of cognitive grammar to word formation. In the article, cognitive semantic notions and their application to the morphological analysis of cognitive grammar are introduced.In the cognitive theory of grammar, symbolicity plays a significant role. The essence of cognitive grammar is based on the idea that language units are bipolar language signs. A linguistic unit consists of phonological and semantic poles which are linked by a symbolic structure.A category is a network of meanings of a derivational morpheme, which, as in the case of lexical category, is structured in terms of prototype and periphery. The prototype of a category is considered to be the most typical member, whereas other senses of the prototype comprise the periphery.Morphological expressions are closely related to each other and comprise cognitive domains. A domain is perceived as knowledge in terms of which derivational morphemes can be interpreted.Compositionality is a process when the composite structure is determined by the meanings of its constituents. This process plays an integral part in understanding the senses of new morphological expressions. Full and partial compositionality types are typical of morphological expressions. In compounding, full compositionality is endocentric, meanwhile partial compositionality is exocentric.A large number of units are pertinent to each other by schema and instance relations. A schema is defined as a general model made of instances. The schema reflects the general meaning of instances. Due to further elaboration the instance becomes a basis for a new schema and its elaborating elements become new instances.
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NANAKIDA, Atsushi. "Motor Schema Formation in Youth with Mental Retardation." Japanese Journal of Special Education 29, no. 2 (1991): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.6033/tokkyou.29.45.
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Grizzard, Matthew, Jialing Huang, Kaitlin Fitzgerald, Changhyun Ahn, and Haoran Chu. "Sensing Heroes and Villains: Character-Schema and the Disposition Formation Process." Communication Research 45, no. 4 (April 3, 2017): 479–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650217699934.
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Character morality is an integral variable within disposition theories. Zillmann proposed that moral judgments of characters result from a viewer monitoring and approving/disapproving of a character’s behaviors. Raney proposed a schema-based theoretical expansion of this model, wherein moral judgments of characters and disposition formation—facilitated by the activation of character-schema (e.g., hero/villain)—might occur prior to the observation of behavior. Three experimental studies were conducted to test Raney’s hypotheses and to integrate them into Zillmann’s original models. Study 1 indicates that visual cues associated with heroes and villains evoke character-consistent moral judgments absent character behaviors. Study 2 demonstrates that character-schema activation is magnified by the presence of an opposing character. Finally, Study 3 demonstrates that schema-based moral judgments can bias approbation of behaviors and subsequent moral judgments of characters. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Masuda, Hirokuni. "Tsr Formation as a Discourse Substratum in Hawaii Creole English." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 10, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 253–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.10.2.03mas.
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Hawaii Creole English presents a particular type of utterance structure, the "dollar utterance," which might be regarded as ill-formed in terms of the form-meaning coalition in Standard English (SE). Nonetheless, such an utterance seems to reflect an underlying discourse process in which three discourse representations — Theme, Scheme, Rheme — interact. An analysis is given within the framework of Schema theory to explain this unique linguistic phenomenon in Hawaii Creole English. The scheme, which is the most important entity of the three, resides either in the preceding text or in the abstract knowledge structure of human cognition. It is further claimed that the formation of Theme, Scheme, Rheme could have been transferred from Japanese as one of its substratum features in discourse. The probability of Japanese substratal influence is highly supportable from both linguistic and sociohistorical evidence.
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Peirce, Anne G. "Cognitive Appraisal of Stress Events: Measuring the Personal Schema of Childbirth." Journal of Nursing Measurement 2, no. 2 (January 1994): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.2.2.117.
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The purpose of this study was to theoretically base, develop, and test items for the Childbirth Schema Scale. The scale was designed to obtain an understanding of schema formation and revision with the known stressor of childbirth. The psychometric properties of the instrument were assessed using a sample of childbearing women, surveyed before and after birth. A principal components analysis with varimax rotation resulted in a four-factor solution supporting the theoretical factors of emotions of outcome, sensations of work, time, and preparation for control. Construct validity was assessed by hypothesis testing that women whose prebirth schemas were least like their real experience would use more review than women whose schemas were closer. A significant t test between the two groups provided some evidence of validity. The factors were used to form subscales. Internal consistency scores for each subscale were .73, .70, .84, and .65, respectively.
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Freudenheim, Andrea Michele, and Go Tani. "Motor schema formation in children in a task involving coincident timing." Revista Paulista de Educação Física 7, no. 1 (June 20, 1993): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2594-5904.rpef.1993.138849.
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi testar a formação de esquema motor em crianças numa tarefa de "timing” coincidente. Participaram do mesmo 60 escolares de nove anos de idade. O instrumento utilizado foi o Temporizador de Antecipação de Bassin e a tarefa consistiu em apertar o botão de resposta simultaneamente ao acendimento do último diodo. O estudo envolveu três grupos: controle (GC), prática constante (CTE) e prática variada (VAR) e, abrangeu três fases de aprendizagem: aquisição, transferência e retenção. Na medida de precisão (EA), os resultados não revelaram diferença significante (p > 0,05) entre os grupos experimentais, sugerindo que em uma tarefa de "timing" coincidente não se observa o efeito da variabilidade de prática, como proposto por Schmidt (1975). As possíveis explicações para estes resultados podem ser: 1) A percepção da variação dos estímulos, que garante a variabilidade de prática, pode ter sido dificultada. 2) As tarefas utilizadas envolveram respostas motoras simples levando as crianças do grupo VAR a relacionarem conseqüências sensoriais e resultados da resposta semelhantes, dificultando o desenvolvimento de regra abstrata. 3) Devido à proximidade de estímulo nas fases de aquisição e transferência para o grupo VAR, as tarefas de transferência podem ter sido novas somente para o grupo CTE
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Eyal, Tal, Gina M. Hoover, Kentaro Fujita, and Shiri Nussbaum. "The effect of distance-dependent construals on schema-driven impression formation." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 47, no. 1 (January 2011): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.10.007.
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Otieno, Dr Raphael Francis. "The Role of the “Path” and the “Container” Image Schemas in Political Discourse in Kenya." English Language Teaching and Linguistics Studies 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): p123. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eltls.v1n2p123.
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The study of conceptual interaction has attracted the attention of many scholars in Cognitive Linguistics. Primarily, the analysis has focused on the role of image-schemas in the construction of metaphors. This study explores the PATH and the CONTAINER image-schemas and the role they play in conceptual formation of metaphors in political discourse in Kenya. The study presents the PATH and its subsidiary image schemas of Verticality, Process and Force-Motion and the CONTAINER image-schema and the subsidiary image-schemas of Excess and In-Out. The analysis reveals that both the PATH and the CONTAINER image-schemas structure the relationship between the source domains (journey and container) and the target domain (politics) by activating subsidiary image-schemas in metaphors of politics in Kenya. The study further reveals that image-schemas provide the axiological value (positive or negative) of metaphorical expressions in political discourse. A positive political environment is a key ingredient for green growth and knowledge economy. The study contributes to the field of metaphor in political discourse by examining the politicians’ conceptualization of politics as a journey, which consists of four structural elements (a source, a destination, contiguous locations which connect the source and the destination and a direction) and as a container, which consists of an interior, an exterior and a boundary. The study used the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) as a tool to establish conceptual metaphors used during the 2005 Draft Constitution referendum campaigns in Kenya and the Image-Schema Theory to account for the presence of image-schemas in political discourse in Kenya. Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) Conceptual Metaphor Theory is the locus classicus of the image schema theory.
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Mozaffari, Elahe, Mohamad Khaledian, and Fateme Taghavi. "The Relationship between early Maladaptive Schemas of Cuts-Exclusion and Slip among Addicts Abusing Drugs under Methadone Maintenance Treatment." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 13 (October 2013): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.13.67.
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Nowadays, the addiction is considered as one of the main interests in the human life. Increasing trend of addiction results in several interests and problems for many countries and societies during past century. Indeed, addiction is a physical, mental, and social illness that there are several effective factors in its formation such as personal, inter-personal, environmental, and social factors. It is one of the most important factors in destroying citizens’ health. In other words, addiction is a destructive and persistent illness that not only results in person’s death, but also destroys his/her family and society. This study is a cross-sectional descriptive-analysis research. The authors of this study attempt to examine the relationship between early maladaptive schemas of cuts-exclusion and slip among addicts abusing drugs under methadone maintenance treatment. In order to select the sample members, about 200 patients (100 patients with slip and 100 patients without slip) were selected from patients in the public clinics of Shiraz city. The sample patients should have pass at least 6 weeks of their treatment period. The sampling method was convenience sampling method. In order to test the patients’ positive or negative slip degree, they were under test monthly. A questionnaire and Young schema have been used for collecting the research data. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between abandonment scheme, distrust/misbehavior, defection/shame, social isolation/alienation, andextent of slip. Another part of the results revealed that there is not any significant relationship between emotional exclusion schema and extent of slip. With regard to the significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas and slip in the drug users that were under treat, it seems that the treatment scheme can be helpful in such patients for decreasing their slip and improving their health.
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Hatamoto, K., M. Nagamachi, S. Ishihara, K. Matsushima, and Y. Matsubara. "A study on subjective contour formation with interactive process of visual schema." Japanese journal of ergonomics 26, Supplement (1990): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.26.supplement_252.
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Doody, Susann G., and Howard N. Zelaznik. "Rule Formation in a Rapid-Timing Task: A Test of Schema Theory." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 59, no. 1 (March 1988): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1988.10605469.
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Yousuf, Mushfa, Pau A. Packard, Lluís Fuentemilla, and Nico Bunzeck. "Functional coupling between CA3 and laterobasal amygdala supports schema dependent memory formation." NeuroImage 244 (December 2021): 118563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118563.
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Tsuji, Toshio, Yusuke Ishida, Koji Ito, Mitsuo Nagamachi, and Tatsuo Nishino. "Motor Schema Model Learned by Structural Neural Networks." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 2, no. 4 (August 20, 1990): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1990.p0258.
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Human beings remember plans concerning typical motions which occur frequently as schema, and by selecting suitable schema depending on conditions, generate muscular motion almost unconsciously. Though a motor schema represents typical motions, it is equipped with superior plan structure taking into consideration the concurrency and seriality of motions as seen in grasping actions and walking motions, and the structure of plans can be acquired by learning. In this paper, a study is made of the modeling of such motor schema with the use of neural networks. For this purpose, the neural network is structured beforehand into the part which generates action sequences in the form containing concurrency (concurrent action generation part) and the part which modifies the action sequences to satisfy constraints which cannot be executed concurrently (constraint representation part). After learning in each part model the neural network can generate motion sequences while taking into consideration the seriality and concurrency of motion by combining the parts at the time of execution. Finally, this model is applied to the formation of typewriting action motor schema, and it is demonsted that generates motion sequences which take into consideration the constraint of the motion system accompanying the execution of motion.
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Gresse, Werner, and Bennie Linde. "Entitlement Disconnect: Exploring Management Graduates’ Mental Schema in Their Anticipatory Psychological Contract." management revue 32, no. 1 (2021): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2021-1-27.
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In this paper, we expanded on the psychological contract theory by exploring the mental schemas of graduates’ anticipatory psychological contract before they start employment. With this research, we aimed to explore and substantiate themes associated with the mental schemas of graduates, so that the psychological contract formation theory can be expanded by investigating the role of entitlement disconnect and its influence on the anticipatory psychological contract. Literature regarding the formulation of the psychological contract is still underdeveloped, especially regarding the anticipatory phase thereof. Entitlement disconnect has also not been focused on in past literature, especially as a component of the anticipatory psychological contract that can have an impact on graduates’ career schema and voluntary turnover intention. A qualitative approach to research was adopted consisting of interviews with 18 final-year economics and management sciences graduate students in the final phase of their degrees to derive themes associated with the mental schemas of graduates’ anticipatory psychological contract. The findings suggest that graduates already have a developed mental schema that was based on their entitlement. It was also confirmed that graduates had a disposition towards voluntary turnover intuition before organisational entry, which was due to an entitlement disconnect perception. The final and most surprising finding was that some graduates already displayed pre-employment violations, where graduates already anticipated psychological contract breach before entering an employment relationship. This research suggests that graduates’ mental schemas in their anticipatory psychological contract play a much bigger role in the development of their psychological contract, after organisational entry than what was initially thought.
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Ardebili, Elmira Fasihi, and Fatemeh Golshani. "Early Maladaptive Schemas and Aggression Based on the Birth Order of Children." Modern Applied Science 10, no. 9 (May 7, 2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n9p14.
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Early maladaptive schemas are patterns or deep, pervasive and dysfunctionalthemes formed in childhood or adolescence, continue in adulthood and act at the deepest level of the cognition and usually the person is not aware of them. Schema makes people prone to aggression, depression, anxiety, poor interpersonal relationships and mental- physical disorders.The aim of this study is to compare early maladaptive schemas and the birth order of children in the formation of aggression. For this purpose, in an ex post facto research, 320 cases usingconveniencecluster sampling were selected from Tehran government girls' high schools and were tested. After screening,160 only child students were selectedrandomly andwere assigned in the first group and in the second group 160 students of the rest were assigned who have been matched with the first group. One-way analysis of variance results showed that early maladaptive schemas and birth order, birth (one's position in the family) are involved in the creation of aggression. According to the findings, we can say that the early maladaptive schemas and birth order of childrenare important factors in the formation of aggression.
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Gao, Shan, and Songfu Liu. "Exploration and Analysis of the Aesthetic Cognitive Schema of Contemporary Western Urban Landscapes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 5152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105152.
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The multidimensional iterative composition of urban landscapes and the formation mechanism of the aesthetic perception dimension are elucidated. The cognitive schema theory aims to reveal the intrinsic mechanism of urban landscape aesthetic activities. Using London as an empirical case to explore the representation and structure of urban landscape aesthetic, a cognitive schema, the cognitive map of its urban landscape, was constructed based on the qualitative analysis of the texts derived from travel notes. Eight aspects of urban landscapes, together with 21 representative concepts of cognitive schema closely related to aesthetic perception, indicate the structures and approaches people perceive in urban landscapes. This article provides experience and reference for urban landscape enhancement and related practices in China by studying the contemporary Western urban landscape.
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Khatin-Zadeh, Omid, Zahra Eskandari, Yousef Bakhshizadeh-Gashti, Sedigheh Vahdat, and Hassan Banaruee. "An algebraic perspective on abstract and concrete domains." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 354–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00036.kha.
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Abstract Looking at isomorphic constructs from an algebraic perspective, this article suggests that every concrete construct is understood by reference to an underlying abstract schema in the mind of comprehender. The complex form of every abstract schema is created by the gradual development of its elementary form. Throughout the process of cognitive development, new features are added to the elementary form of abstract schema, which leads to gradual formation of a fully-developed abstract schema. Every developed abstract schema is the underlying source for understanding an infinite number of concrete isomorphic constructs. It is suggested that the process of the mapping of base domain (base construct) unto target domain (target construct) is conducted and mediated by an abstract domain. This abstract domain, which is free from concrete features of base and target, is isomorphic to both base and target domains. To describe the mediatory role of this abstract domain, it might be argued that the chain process of understanding a less familiar domain in terms of a relatively more familiar domain (salience imbalance model) cannot continue infinitely. This chain must stop at some point. This point is the abstract domain, which is isomorphic to base and target domains.
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Kim, Jonathan. "Cognition and Faith Formation: A Reflection on the Interrelationship of Schema, Thema, and Faith." Christian Education Journal: Research on Educational Ministry 4, no. 2 (November 2007): 308–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073989130700400209.
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Culpeper, Jonathan. "A cognitive approach to characterization: Katherina in Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 9, no. 4 (November 2000): 291–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096394700000900401.
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In this article, I argue that literary characterization can be fruitfully approached by drawing upon theories developed within social cognition to explain the perception of real-life people. I demonstrate how this approach can explain the construction of Katherina, the protagonist in Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew. Specifically, I introduce notions from cognitive theories of knowledge (especially schema theory), and impression formation. Using these, I describe (1) the role of prior knowledge in forming an impression of a character, and (2) how various types of impression are formed. Prior to my analysis of Katherina, I outline the kind of shrew schema the Elizabethans might have had knowledge of. Then, in my analysis I argue that the textual evidence in the first part of the play is largely consistent with this schema, and thus Katherina at this stage is largely a schema-based character. However, I show that as the play progresses a number of changes create the conditions for a more complex and personalized character. As a consequence of this analysis, I claim that Katherina is not, as some critics have argued, simply a shrew, or an inconsistent character, or a typical character of a farce.
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Acharya, Anal, and Devadatta Sinha. "A “Mixed” Strategy for Collaborative Group Formation and Its Learning Outcomes." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 46, no. 4 (January 5, 2018): 440–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047239517749246.
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This study uses homogeneity in personal learning styles and heterogeneity in subject knowledge for collaborative learning group decomposition indicating that groups are “mixed” in nature. Homogeneity within groups was formed using K-means clustering and greedy search, whereas heterogeneity imbibed using agenda-driven search. For checking learning effectiveness, a simple schema of collaborative learning was proposed and prototype learning system developed using Android Emulator. Multiple regression analysis was applied on their learning results to derive regression coefficients for determining learning efficiency. The derived set of regression coefficients suggests more the time taken to form groups, better the student learning quality.
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Traugott, Elizabeth Closs, and Graeme Trousdale. "Contentful constructionalization." Journal of Historical Linguistics 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2014): 256–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.4.2.04tra.
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We present a constructionalization framework for thinking about the development of contentful (“lexical”) constructions over time. This framework incorporates and goes beyond earlier work on lexicalization, which largely focuses on reduction in the form of specific lexical items. A constructionalist perspective draws attention to meaning as well as form, and to schemas as well as specific micro-constructions. Contentful constructionalization involves expansion as well as reduction, as evidenced by the rise of schemas and the specific constructions they license, for example word-formation schemas such as nominals ending in -hood (e.g. brotherhood) and snowclone schemas (e.g. X BE the new Y). We partially confirm and also extend earlier arguments that, although they have different outputs, lexicalization and grammaticalization result from similar processes of change. However, there are differences. For example, only minimal local, rather than extensive syntactic, expansion is typically involved. Once a contentful schema has come into being the new expressions it sanctions are coined instantaneously rather than gradually.
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Gilliam, Elizabeth A., Christopher R. Schlieve, Kathryn L. Fowler, Jessica N. Rea, Kathy A. Schall, Sha Huang, Jason R. Spence, and Tracy C. Grikscheit. "Grading TESI: Crypt and villus formation in tissue-engineered small intestine alters with stem/progenitor cell source." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 319, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): G261—G279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00387.2019.
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The small intestine can enhance its absorptive and digestive surface area through a process known as villification. Tissue-engineered small intestine achieves mature villification at varying levels of success between differing sources. We have developed a consistent grading schema of morphology and characterized it across multiple developmental pathways, allowing objective comparison between differing constructs and sources.
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Rajesh, P., N. Srinivasa Gupta, and C. Rajendran. "Investigations on the input processing schema for the machine-part cell formation using CARI Heuristic." Materials Today: Proceedings 22 (2020): 3312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.294.
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Murphy, Frederic H., and Venkat Panchanadam. "Using Analogical Reasoning and Schema Formation to Improve the Success in Formulating Linear Programming Models." Operations Research 47, no. 5 (October 1999): 663–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.47.5.663.
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Yin, Xiao Feng, and Li Pheng Khoo. "An exact schema theorem for adaptive genetic algorithm and its application to machine cell formation." Expert Systems with Applications 38, no. 7 (July 2011): 8538–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.01.055.
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Nikulchev, Evgeny, Dmitry Ilin, Pavel Kolyasnikov, Victoria Ismatullina, and Ilya Zakharov. "Development of a Common Format of Questionnaire Tests for a Web-based Platform of Population and Experimental Psychological Research." ITM Web of Conferences 18 (2018): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20181804004.
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A web platform for psychological research needs a single format of questionnaire tests to ensure interaction between its components. The study proposes a general test structure, variant questions, variations in response types, and an embedded domain-specific language for computations. The use of JSON is proposed and justified to store the hierarchical structure of the questionnaire test, and JSON Schema is defined as a technology suitable for the formation of the standard. From the considered validation instruments for compliance with the standard described in JSON Schema, ajv was defined as the most applicable to the task. To build the documentation, Doca is relevant, but this tool needs to be modified to meet the requirements of the task.
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Lenk, Hans. "Schemaspiele." Wittgenstein-Studien 5, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wgst.2014.5.1.1.
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AbstractThe title of “Schema Games” is certainly insinuated by Wittgenstein’s later philosophy of “Language Games” as a social practice and “life forms” and “Gepflogenheiten” (usages), social practices, action forms and mores and institutions. However, in this article Wittgenstein’s conception is extended to forms of not only language usages and actions but also any form of modeling, structuring and scheme activation in cognition and action as well as subconscious, even neuro-physiologically activated networking and modeling processes. Schemes, schematization and scheme activations as well as reactivations are decisive for any stabilization of meanings, opinions, mental episodes as well as actions, social or individual. There is no cognition or action or thinking and speaking without the activation and reactivation of schemes on different levels.Wittgenstein’s approach of a pragmatic and social practice of language games and life forms based on common and repeated usages of special cases of scheme activations and processes of interpretative constructions (interpretative constructs) may also methodologically be analyzed on different levels, even subconscious ones, to grasp or to constitute cognitive and action-like activities. Active formation and usages play a fundamental and pragmatic role, not only according to Kant under his categories but after Wittgenstein and the present methodological approach in a more flexible way - somewhat like Wittgenstein’s “language games” approach. Not only socially based speech forms and actions as well as “life forms” are dependent on active pragmatic scheme interpretations, but also already many basic processes of representing, cognizing, acting, mustering and modeling, even on subconscious neuronal levels. Any cognition and action whatsoever is scheme-dependent, produced by scheme-interpretative activity on user-oriented and a socio-pragmatic, or even institutionalized basis. Not only do language games rely on scheme activations, but they are, methodologically speaking, special cases of these forms of activation. Thus, the parallelism between “language games” and life forms in Wittgenstein’s sense and “schema games” on the basis of methodological scheme-interpretationism seems to be well-founded.
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Furley, Philip, Matt Dicks, and Daniel Memmert. "Nonverbal Behavior in Soccer: The Influence of Dominant and Submissive Body Language on the Impression Formation and Expectancy of Success of Soccer Players." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 34, no. 1 (February 2012): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.34.1.61.
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In the present article, we investigate the effects of specific nonverbal behaviors signaling dominance and submissiveness on impression formation and outcome expectation in the soccer penalty kick situation. In Experiment 1, results indicated that penalty takers with dominant body language are perceived more positively by soccer goalkeepers and players and are expected to perform better than players with a submissive body language. This effect was similar for both video and point-light displays. Moreover, in contrast to previous studies, we found no effect of clothing (red vs. white) in the video condition. In Experiment 2, we used the implicit association test to demonstrate that dominant body language is implicitly associated with a positive soccer player schema whereas submissive body language is implicitly associated with a negative soccer player schema. The implications of our findings are discussed with reference to future implications for theory and research in the study of person perception in sport.
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Kinnally, William, Firat Tuzunkan, Arthur A. Raney, Megan Fitzgerald, and Jason Kemmitt Smith. "Using the Schema-Triggered Affect Model to Examine Disposition Formation in the Context of Sports News." Journal of Sports Media 8, no. 1 (2013): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsm.2013.0000.
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Pankenier, David W. "Weaving Metaphors and Cosmo-political Thought in Early China." T’oung Pao 101, no. 1-3 (August 28, 2015): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-10113p01.
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The deployment of weaving/netting metaphors in ancient Chinese socio-political thought has been noted, but the degree to which those metaphors may have prefigured cosmo-political thought in the earliest period has not been explored. This essay traces the crucial role of weaving technology in providing a fertile source for the constitutive image schema nearly ubiquitous in early cosmo-political discourse. Le déploiement des métaphores faisant intervenir le tissage ou le maillage dans la pensée socio-politique de la Chine ancienne a bien été remarqué, mais on n’a pas exploré le degré auquel ces métaphores peuvent avoir préfiguré la pensée cosmo-politique des périodes les plus reculées. Cet essai retrace le rôle crucial de la technologie du tissage dans la formation du schéma constitutif de représentation pratiquement omniprésent dans le discours cosmo-politique fondamental.
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KÖPCKE, KLAUS-MICHAEL. "The acquisition of plural marking in English and German revisited: schemata versus rules." Journal of Child Language 25, no. 2 (June 1998): 293–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000998003407.
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This article contributes to a debate in the linguistic and psychological literature that centres around the representation of morphologically complex words in the grammar and in the lexicon. The issue is whether inflectional morphology is rule-based (i.e. symbolically represented), or whether the assumption of pattern association is more adequate to account for the facts. On the basis of the analysis of acquisitional data the article strongly argues for the latter alternative. In a classic experiment that helped shape the development of acquisition theory Berko (1958) reported substantial support for item-and-process rules in the acquisition of plural morphology in English. A large part of her results were zero responses (repetition of the stimulus). A reinterpretation of these zero responses in light of schema theory and the cue strength hypothesis shows a striking departure from randomness. Berko's subjects tended to repeat stimuli just to the extent that these already resembled a plural schema. A reinterpretation of data reported in Innes (1974) achieved compatible results. This data set is far more extensive than Berko's and is used in the present study to put the schema model to a more stringent test. A reinterpretation of a parallel experiment with German children, using the cue strength analysis of the more complex plural morphology of German yielded parallel results. Finally, natural acquisitional data obtained from seven German speaking children aged between 2;1 and 2;9 are analysed. Again, strong support is found for the schema model. It is suggested that a schema-learning mechanism may underlie the acquisition of morphology, even when the end product of the learning process involves item-and-process rules, as in the case of English plural formation. In a schema-learning model, the child builds schematic representations for possible singular and plural lexical items as whole gestalts, and attempts to map concrete forms onto these schemata in deciding whether the forms have singular or plural value.
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Thomas, Neil, John Farhall, and Frances Shawyer. "Beliefs about Voices and Schemas about Self and Others in Psychosis." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43, no. 2 (October 9, 2013): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465813000817.
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Background:In people who experience auditory verbal hallucinations, beliefs the person holds about their voices appear to be clinically important as mediators of associated distress and disability. Whilst such beliefs are thought to be influenced by broader schematic representations the person holds about themselves and other people, there has been little empirical examination of this, in particular in relation to beliefs about voice intent and the personal meaning of the voice experience.Method:Thirty-four voice hearers with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder completed the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales and measures of beliefs about voices (Revised Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire, Interpretation of Voices Inventory) and schemas (Brief Core Schema Scales).Results:Beliefs about voices were correlated with both negative voice content and schemas. After controlling for negative voice content, schemas were estimated to predict between 9% and 35% of variance in the six beliefs about voices that were measured. Negative-self schemas were the strongest predictors, and positive-self and negative-other schemas also showed potential relationships with beliefs about voices.Conclusions:Schemas, particularly those regarding the self, are potentially important in the formation of a range of clinically-relevant beliefs about voices.
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Boucher, Kathryn L., and Robert J. Rydell. "Impact of Negation Salience and Cognitive Resources on Negation During Attitude Formation." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 38, no. 10 (June 18, 2012): 1329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167212450464.
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Because of the increased cognitive resources required to process negations, past research has shown that explicit attitude measures are more sensitive to negations than implicit attitude measures. The current work demonstrated that the differential impact of negations on implicit and explicit attitude measures was moderated by (a) the extent to which the negation was made salient and (b) the amount of cognitive resources available during attitude formation. When negations were less visually salient, explicit but not implicit attitude measures reflected the intended valence of the negations. When negations were more visually salient, both explicit and implicit attitude measures reflected the intended valence of the negations, but only when perceivers had ample cognitive resources during encoding. Competing models of negation processing, schema-plus-tag and fusion, were examined to determine how negation salience impacts the processing of negations.
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Čiurlionienė, Indrė. "VILNIAUS MIESTO PLANO TRANSFORMACIJOS XVIII A. PAB.-XIX A." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 33, no. 1 (March 31, 2009): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921630.2009.33.11-19.
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Since the end of the 18 th c, Vilnius city planning conceptions and their realization start demonstrating strong features of rational city structure formation manifesting themselves in the composition based on strict geometry and developed at the level of the entire city. The paper discusses how the classicistic urban formation ideas show themselves in Vilnius city planning conceptions of the end of the 18 th c–19th c and tries to highlight some features of realization of the conceptions based on these ideas. The first part of the paper deals with classicistic planning conceptions of Vilnius city and the sociocultural context of their preparation. The second part investigates spread of artistic ideas of Classicism in Vilnius city planning conceptions referring to analysis of combinations of geometric forms. The third part studies how much the newly-adapted urban forms confront with function in conceptions and their realization. Generalizations maintain that rationality and universality are the most distinct features in Vilnius city planning conceptions of the period under consideration. In city formation, classicistic rationalization manifests itself in a strict planned composition, whereas classicistic universality shows itself in application of a standardized colonial city scheme. The most distinct transformations are found in the conceptions of the tsarist period that include strong, although formal city development through transformation of the available city parts, joining of the developed outskirts with the city territory and providing them with the features of the city being transformed as well as planning new city parts in free areas. In the process of planning different city parts, the same set of composition formation tools is applied. Analysis of three objects, i.e. straight lines, intersections thereof and figures formed by them, demonstrates that application of these forms during the tsarist period is confined to quite a minimum quantity of combinations. Usually, an (ir)regular rectangular scheme of a street network is applied. In application of combinations of straight lines, the following three cases are possible: (a) a straight line is applied as an aesthetic measure to solve just aesthetic tasks; (b) a straight line is applied to solve just functional tasks, when an aesthetic aspect remains secondary; (c) a straight line is adapted in compliance with aesthetics and functionality balance, i.e. “aesthetical function”. In some places, analysis of realization of city planning conceptions shows a gap between aesthetics and functionality (case “a”), where a paradox of non-universality of classicistic universal or irrationality of rationality is hidden when universal as a rational functional scheme denies itself due to its non-functionality applying rationalized aesthetics by formal tools in a particular context. A few reasons of non-realisation of the conceptions under consideration may be distinguished: (a) private property impeding realization of general urban visions; (b) absence of motivation for actual city development; (c) incompliance of plans with actual topographic basics; (d) resistance of population to irrational change of an urbanistic network. Most likely, this is the active participation of residents in the process of planning and correction thereof that helped to avoid tsarist contradictions between aesthetics and functionality found in Vilnius plans. Santrauka Nuo XVIII a. pab. Vilniaus miesto planavimo koncepcijose ir realizacijose atsiranda ryškių racionalios miesto struktūros formavimo bruožų, kurie reiškiasi griežta geometrizuota kompozicija, plėtojama viso miesto mastu. Straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti šių transformacijų raišką XVIII a. pab-XIX a. Vilniaus miesto plėtros koncepcijose ir bandoma pabrėžti kai kuriuos šiomis idėjomis paremtų koncepcijų realizacijų bruožus. Pirmojoje straipsnio dalyje nagrinėjamos Vilniaus miesto klasicistinės planavimo koncepcijos ir jų rengimo kontekstas. Antrojoje ir trečiojoje dalyse remiantis geometrinių formų kombinacijų analize nagrinėjama klasicizmo meninių idėjų sklaida Vilniaus miesto planavimo koncepcijose. Trečiojoje dalyje analizuojama, kiek naujai adaptuojamos miesto formos konfrontuoja su funkcija koncepcijose ir jų realizacijose. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip racionalia miestų planavimo schema siekiama spręsti epochos meninius uždavinius, tačiau pastebima, kad kartais ši schema taikoma remiantis vien meniniais principais, nepaisant konteksto. Tai savo ruožtu lemia konfrontaciją su funkcija, kai dėl šios kontroversijos klasicistinė miesto formavimo schema ne visada yra pritaikoma.
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Pena, Steven E. "Alasdair Agonistes: MacIntyre and a New Discontent with Modernity." Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia 14, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1895-8001.14.1.1.
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This paper is an examination of certain assumptions that, I hold, lie in the background of MacIntyre’s conception of the formation of the intellectual schema as found, most prominently, in Whose Justice? Which Rationality? and Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry. A thorough examination of MacIntyre’s concept of the rational schema, I will show, reveals that the parsing he proposes to carry out on intellectual history is confronted with a problem that finds its analogue in the field of biological taxonomy. In order to carry out this project of determining where the seams lie in intellectual history one must first recognize that the parsing itself is a scheme-dependent undertaking. As such it is not unlike the necessarily somewhat arbitrary identification of species and genera in the biological realm. In other words, it should be recognized that intellectual history, like the morphology of the plant and animal kingdoms, is continuous, not discreet. An almost wholly unexamined assumption that stalks through Whose Justice? and Three Rival Versions is that there are something like intellectual natural kinds in the history of ideas. Indeed, the notion that there are “traditions” at all in the sense in which MacIntyre uses the term may be a highly conventional artefact of an Enlightenment-era view of intellectual progress. This leads me to conclude that MacIntyre has failed to observe that the view of traditions and schemes neatly succeeding one another, on which much of his critique is dependent, is itself a product of the perspective he calls “encyclopedia.” This, in turn, will make manifest why it is that almost all of MacIntyre’s examples of rational scheme-switching are from the natural sciences rather than the normative, a fact I will show is connected to a paradigm of linear progression that one tends to find in the exact sciences, but not in praxis.
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Whaley, Diane E., and Vicki Ebbeck. "Self-Schemata and Exercise Identity in Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 10, no. 3 (July 2002): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.10.3.245.
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One's sense of self over time, or identity, is an important component of well-being. Schemata formed from components of identity, such as an exerciser schema, have been associated with behaviors that promote physical activity. This study explored the process of exercise-identity formation in active older adults, questioned whether or not the term exerciser was a meaningful descriptor for their behavior, and examined whether self-views were mediated by perceptions of aging. Thirteen older adults (66–90 years) were interviewed. Results supported the contention that identity formation is a purposeful activity. Participants were more likely to ascribe alternative labels to their exercise behavior, and what it meant to be “old” mediated their perceptions of exercise. Results are discussed with regard to implications for interventions.
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Zahavi, David J., and Louis M. Weiner. "Targeting Multiple Receptors to Increase Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20010158.
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Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is a powerful treatment strategy for many cancer types. Many patients will have limited responses to monotherapy targeted to a single immune checkpoint. Both inhibitory and stimulatory immune checkpoints continue to be discovered. Additionally, many receptors previously identified to play a role in tumor formation and progression are being found to have immunomodulatory components. The success of immunotherapy depends on maximizing pro-anti-tumor immunity while minimizing immunosuppressive signaling. Combining immune checkpoint targeted approaches with each other or with other receptor targets is a promising schema for future therapeutic regimen designs.
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Te'Neil Lloyd, Blake. "A Conceptual Framework for Examining Adolescent Identity, Media Influence, and Social Development." Review of General Psychology 6, no. 1 (March 2002): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.6.1.73.
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The adolescent identity, media, and sociocognitive schema (AIMSS) framework offers a theoretical understanding of adolescent consumption and cognitive processing of media entertainment. Review and integration of mass communication theory, developmental theory, and ecological theory serves as the conceptual foundation. The framework outlines linkages between media exposure and adolescent development, in particular adolescent identity formation and social competence. A key contribution of the model is consideration of the positive and negative aspects of adolescent cognition and behavioral functioning. The present article offers several recommendations for testing the utility of the AIMSS framework.
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Lee, Moonkyu. "Category-Based versus Piecemeal Processes Underlying Evaluations of Restaurants." Psychological Reports 74, no. 1 (February 1994): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.1.251.
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This study tested Fiske and her colleagues' impression-formation model in the evaluations of stores. 280 undergraduate students in a business school served as subjects. As the inconsistency between a store and its associated category schema increased, the store was evaluated more slowly, fewer categorization responses were generated, more attribute-oriented responses were produced, the correlation between over-all judgments and category affect became lower, and the correlation between over-all judgments and attribute evaluations became higher, so the results generally supported the prior model of Fiske, et al.
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Kjellander, Daniel. "Cognitive constraints in English lexical blending." Pragmatics and Cognition 25, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 142–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.18003.kje.
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Abstract The complex characteristics of lexical blending have long troubled mainstream word formation research to the extent that it has typically been considered a peripheral issue in linguistics. In recent years this has begun to change, and there is currently a growing body of evidence uncovering the intriguing nature of this word formation process. In the present study, underlying principles and usage-based aspects of lexical blends were examined. Analyses of derivatives of three matrix words, republican, liberal, and vegetarian, revealed the impact of three cognitive constraints on the use of lexical blends: schema transfer effects, neighborhood effects, and effects of the influence from morphological lexicalization. The first constraint fueled blend formation, while the other two displayed a hampering effect on the use of lexical blending. Furthermore, a study of the word class distribution in the datasets showed that there were significant differences in the grammar of lexical blending and compounding, respectively.
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LESONEN, SIRKKU, RASMUS STEINKRAUSS, MINNA SUNI, and MARJOLIJN VERSPOOR. "Lexically specific vs. productive constructions in L2 Finnish." Language and Cognition 12, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 526–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2020.12.
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ABSTRACTIt is assumed from a usage-based perspective that learner language constructions emerge from natural language use in social interaction through exemplar learning. In L1, young learners have been shown to develop their constructions from lexically specific, formulaic expressions into more productive, abstract schemas. A similar developmental path has been shown for L2 development, with some exceptions. The aim of the current study is to explore to what extent the default assumption holds for L2 learning. The development of two constructions was traced in four adults learning L2 Finnish. Free-response data, collected weekly over a period of 9 months, were used to investigate the productivity of the constructions. The results show that, contrary to the traditional assumption, L2 learners do not start off with only lexically specific expressions, but that both lexically specific and more productive constructions are used from the beginning. Our results therefore suggest that, for educated adult L2 learners, the schema formation can happen rather quickly and even without the repetition of a specific lexical sequence.
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Albert, Christine, Felicita Andreotti, Lina Badimon, Isabelle Van Gelder, Elaine Hylek, and Christina Cove. "Female sex as an independent risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation: Possible mechanisms." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 111, no. 03 (2014): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th13-04-0347.
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SummaryAtrial fibrillation (AF) is an independent risk factor for thromboembolism and stroke. Women with AF are at a higher overall risk for thromboembolic stroke when compared to men with AF. Recent evidence suggests that female sex, after adjusting for stroke risk profile and sex differences in utilisation of anticoagulation, is an independent stroke risk factor in AF. The inclusion of female sex has improved the accuracy of the CHADS2 stroke risk stratification schema (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age 75 years or greater, Diabetes mellitus, and prior Stroke or TIA). The newly revised and validated schema, CHA2DS2-VASc, dichotomises age and incorporates female sex and vascular disease history. The pathophysiological mechanisms to explain this increased risk in women are not well understood. According to Virchow’s triad, thrombosis that leads to stroke in AF should arise from three co-existing phenomena: structural abnormalities, blood stasis, and a hypercoagulable state. Herein, we explore the sex differences in the biological processes that lead to thrombus formation as applied to Virchow’s Triad. The objective of this review is to describe the potential mechanisms behind the increased risk of stroke in AF associated with female sex.
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Harmon, Shawn H. E., David Faour, and Noni MacDonald. "National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs): A schema for evaluating and comparing foundation instruments and NITAG operations." Medical Law International 21, no. 1 (March 2021): 69–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09685332211002594.
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The individual and community health benefits of vaccination have received significant attention and are now well understood. However, much less is known about immunization as a regulated space, its principles and standards and its institutions and instruments. In 2011, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) be established in each member country. NITAGSs are envisioned as independent, multidisciplinary expert groups within the national immunization framework, tasked with providing evidence-based evaluations and recommendations to governmental decision-makers about specific vaccines, vaccine-dosing, vaccine program development and immunization policy and practice more generally. As of 2020, 171 WHO countries have formed NITAGs. The widespread formation of NITAGs has highlighted an absence of sustained scholarship around immunization as a policy area subject to law, and it has given rise to many governance and operational questions. In 2017, for example, representatives of the Global NITAG Network (GNN) agreed that there is insufficient understanding of the impact of law on the functioning of NITAGs. Similarly, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization called for research into the variety of ways in which legislation and regulation have been used to promote immunization at a national level and to achieve different ends in relation to immunization and NITAG functioning. In answer to this call, the NITAG Environmental Scan (Project) was initiated. Drawing on scholarship around good governance, this article offers a comprehensive common assessment schema for critically and systematically approaching questions about NITAG governance and operation, applying that schema to the foundation instrument of the Côte d’Ivoire’s NITAG. It also reports on how well the schema is engaged by the NITAG foundation instruments in other GNN countries.
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Eerola, Tuomas, Jukka Louhivuori, and Edward Lebaka. "Expectancy in Sami Yoiks revisited: The role of data-driven and schema-driven knowledge in the formation of melodic expectations." Musicae Scientiae 13, no. 2 (September 2009): 231–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102986490901300203.
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This study extends a previous study concerning melodic expectations in North Sami yoiks (Krumhansl et al., 2000) in which a comparison between expert and non-expert listeners demonstrated the existence of a core set of principles governing melodic expectancies. The previous findings are reconsidered using non-Western listeners (traditional healers from South Africa) in a modeling investigation. Comparison of different models made it possible to separate the role of data-driven and schema-driven models in melodic expectancies and to reveal any possible Western bias in previous studies. The results of the experiment, in which African listeners rated the fitness of probe-tones as continuations of North Sami yoik excerpts, indicated that data-driven models are adequate in explaining the expectancies, regardless of the cultural background of the listeners. The frequency-based models exerted more influence on listeners unfamiliar with the yoik style, the Western schematic model had most impact on Western listeners, and the style-specific models carried most predictive power for those listeners who possessed knowledge about yoiks.
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Irby, Stefan M., Andy L. Phu, Emily J. Borda, Todd R. Haskell, Nicole Steed, and Zachary Meyer. "Use of a card sort task to assess students' ability to coordinate three levels of representation in chemistry." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 17, no. 2 (2016): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5rp00150a.
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There is much agreement among chemical education researchers that expertise in chemistry depends in part on the ability to coordinate understanding of phenomena on three levels: macroscopic (observable), sub-microscopic (atoms, molecules, and ions) and symbolic (chemical equations, graphs, etc.). We hypothesize this “level-coordination ability” is related to the formation and use of principle-based, vs. context-bound, internal representations or schemas. Here we describe the development, initial validation, and use of a card sort task to measure the level-coordinating ability of individuals with varying degrees of preparation in chemistry. We have also developed a novel method for generating two-dimensional sorting coordinates which were used to arrange participants along a hypothetical progression of level-coordination ability. Our findings suggest the card sort task shows promise as a tool to assess level-coordination ability. With the exception of graduate students, participant groups on average progressed from sorting by level of representation toward sorting by underlying principle. Graduate students unexpectedly sorted primarily by level of representation. We use these data to form initial hypotheses about a typical process for the development of level-coordination ability and schema formation. In doing so, we demonstrate the usefulness of our task paired with sorting coordinate analysis as a tool to explore the space between novice and expert behavior. Finally, we suggest potential uses for the task as a formative assessment tool at the classroom and program levels.
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Gromey, Dmitry Dmitrievich. "ALGORITHMS FOR MANAGING THE LOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE USING A PARAMETRIC MODEL OF COMPETITIVE ACCESS TO QUERIES BASED ON THE RANDOM FOREST METHOD." Computational nanotechnology 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2313-223x-2019-6-2-41-47.
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In article discusses the approach to development of mathematical software for support the process of managing the data schema in relational DBMS in terms of processing of parallel queries stream that compete for data in the hierarchy of the DBMS core memory. The necessity of the formation of a parametric model of queries competitive access. Briefly discusses methods of machine learning, allowing to solve the problem of regression recovery. The use of the random forest method as the most universal method of approximation of arbitrary functions is substantiated. A method of forming a parametric model of competitive access based on the random forest method, as well as an approach with the ensemble of sets of decision trees, which allows to provide the required generalizing ability and stability of the model to partial features and diversity of all types of queries received at the input of the DBMS. The stages of the developed algorithms are presented: ranking query parameters by total execution time and automatic data distribution, allowing you to go from approximating the target system with linear-continuous functions to a set of logical data schema objects, ordered by their effect on time, total query execution time, reducing multi-criteria optimization task to a task optimization by one criterion.
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Natadiwijaya, Ismail Fikri, Lissa Lissa, and Lesy Luzyawati. "Development of a Creative Manual Book for Science Youth Scientific Group." Mangifera Edu 5, no. 2 (January 31, 2021): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v5i2.117.
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One of the world of education components that specifically aims to develop students' creativity is the Youth Scientific group (KIR). Based on the case studies, information was obtained that KIR participants generally still have difficulty generating ideas. Some of the factors that caused KIR participants' difficulty in creating ideas were lack of knowledge and the absence of a guide to guide them in making ideas. The purpose of this study was to develop a technical guidebook for making ideas for KIR students. Products are developed through development research in a sequence of steps: Define, design, and develop. This study provides the results that the product being developed has the following characteristics: 1) consists of 2 parts, namely the formation of new cognitive schemes and the formation of product idea designs, 2) The section on the formation of the New Cognitive Schema is designed based on the cognitive load theory, 3)The product idea design section is designed based on the Creative Process Learning theory. The product developed has a score with a very decent category but needs to be given significant improvements in the aspect of indicators and the addition of entrepreneurship material and SWOT analysis.