Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Schema formation'
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Feinberg, Jeffrey Enoch. "Measuring story schema assisting and eliciting schema formation in young children /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.
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Lee, Tiffany T. "The Influence of Negative Information on Trust in Virtual Teams." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5887.
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Organizational work is characterized by positive as well as often negative work behaviors from employees. The same may be said of work done in virtual teams, where computer-mediated communication among team members can be particularly uncivil and inflammatory (Wilson, Straus, & McEvily, 2006). Accordingly, trust has been theorized as more difficult to develop in these types of teams compared to traditional face to face teams. Using a computer simulation of a collaborative team task, this study examined how individuals in virtual teams integrate conflicting pieces of positive and negative information about a teammate into one overall rating of trust. Data were analyzed from 240 individuals to examine the influence of these behaviors on levels of trust toward a target teammate. Evidence of trust quickly developing and declining, i.e., the dynamic nature of trust, in a virtual team was observed. Secondly, the negativity effect was found, where a negative behavior was given more weight in ratings of trust than a positive behavior. Next, the hierarchically restrictive schema was offered as a plausible explanation for the negativity effect due to creating asymmetrical expectations of subsequent behavior based on an initially observed behavior. Lastly, a significant negativity effect was not found when the two behaviors were performed, one each, by a pair of unrelated persons or by a pair of related persons with entitativity.
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Wrathall, Stephen, and res cand@acu edu au. "The Effects of Contextual Interference and Variability of Practice on the Acquisition of a Motor Task and Transfer to a Novel Task." Australian Catholic University. School of Exercise Science, 2004. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp63.29082005.
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AIM The purpose of this experiment is to assess whether the advantages of variable practice are due to schema formation or to enhanced information processing (contextual interference) alone. DESIGN The design involved a 2 (mode; cognitive and motor) x 5 (practice schedule; blocked, random, constant distance one, constant distance two, and constant distance three) between subjects design resulting in ten groups. One hundred participants were randomly chosen from Human Movement students at Australian Catholic University and assigned to each of the ten groups (n=10). The cognitive mode involved the participants having to recognise the appropriate target from three geometrical shapes (triangle, square or circle), the triangle being the target in every case. The motor mode involved the participants having to tap on the target among three boxes that was merely filled in. The experiment consisted of ninety (3 blocks of 30) acquisition trials followed by ten transfer trials to a novel movement. MAIN HYPOTHESIS It was hypothesised that if facilitated transfer to a novel target occurs through schema formation, then there would be no differences between the motor groups and their corresponding cognitive groups. However, if facilitated transfer to a novel target occurs through enhanced information processing, then there would be differences between the motor groups and their corresponding cognitive groups. RESULTS Statistical analysis revealed a contextual interference effect for participants involved in the cognitive mode, in that the cognitive blocked group outperformed the cognitive random group in acquisition, but the reverse was the case in transfer. In the motor mode, the motor blocked group outperformed the motor random group in acquisition, and repeated the performance in transfer. CONCLUSION The results appear to indicate that for simple motor tasks it is the amount of variability of practice that is important for transfer to a novel task, while for tasks with a cognitive component, the schedule of practice is critical.
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Andre, Frederic. "Analyse d'une activité en formation initiale de kinésithérapie : le cas de l'aspiration trachéobronchique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/7171.
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Les progrès des outils numériques transforment les modalités pédagogiques en formation initiale et professionnelle. Parmi eux, la simulation haute-fidélité en santé semble être devenue incontournable. Différentes études soulignent l’intérêt de cet usage en formation initiale, notamment pour le développement des gestes techniques (savoir-faire), des savoirs et de la gestion des émotions (savoir-être) dans l’action. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans un contexte de formation initiale en institut de masso-kinésithérapie basée sur une démarche expérientielle. Nous tenterons, par l’apport de la didactique professionnelle, d’appréhender les mécanismes mis en jeu par la simulation, en comparaison avec une autre modalité. Deux axes seront ainsi envisagés. Le premier s’intéressera, à travers le recueil des données quantitatives, à évaluer l’acquisition du savoir théorique des apprenants par la simulation versus un travail pratique. Le second axe, par l’utilisation d’entretiens d’autoconfrontation, s’efforcera de comprendre les différences dans le raisonnement clinique des étudiants. L’analyse de schèmes nous amènera à proposer des réponses à nos questionnements et à pointer des stratégies pédagogiques. La conclusion de cette étude envisagera la mise en place d’ajustements de séquences pédagogiques issues de l’analyse des entretiens. Nous proposons également, à la suite de ce travail, la création d’un autre outil technologique visant l’amélioration continue de la qualité et de la sécurité des soins intéressant la communauté médicale et paramédicale. Il s’agit, à notre connaissance d’une des rares études portant sur la simulation en kinésithérapie liant l’approche par la simulation et l’immersion cliniqueAdvances in digital tools are transforming teaching methods in initial and professional training. Among them, high fidelity simulation for health is now key. Various studies show the value of using simulation in initial training, specifically for the acquisition of technical gestures (hard skills) and knowledge, and emotion management (soft skills) during acts. Thus, this thesis is part of the initial training in a physiotherapy institute based on an experiential approach. In this research-action we will endeavour, with occupational didactics, to apprehend the mechanisms triggered by simulation by comparing them to another method. Two axes will be considered. The first will focus through quantitative data collection on assessing acquisition of theoretical knowledge by our learners by simulation versus a practical work. The second, through the use of self-confrontation interviews, will attempt to understand the differences in students' clinical reasoning. Schema analysis will lead us to offer answers to our questions and point out teaching strategies. The conclusion to our research will consider the setting up of learning sequence adjustment resulting from the analysis of the interviews. We also propose as a result of this work, the creation of another technological tool that will interest the medical and paramedical community. To our knowledge, this is one of the few studies on simulation in physiotherapy linking the simulation approach and clinical immersion
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Anderson, John. "Different Bodies, Different Selves: The Role of Physical Disability in the Formation of Personal Identity." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1203.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Philosophy
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Olsen, Arvid. "Snow or rain? - A matter of wet-bulb temperature." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302913.
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Accurate precipitation-type forecasts are essential in many areas of our modern society andtherefore there is a need to develop proper working methods for this purpose. Focus of thiswork has been to study important physical processes decisive in deciding both the temperatureof the precipitation particles, hence affecting their phase, and the surrounding air. Two majorlatent heating effects have been emphasized, melting effect and cooling byevaporation/sublimation. Melting of the snow flakes subtracts heat from the surroundings andhence acts as a cooling agent. Phase transformation from solid/liquid into the gas phase alsoneeds heat which here results in a cooling tendency. These two mechanisms may sometimeshave a crucial influence for deciding the correct precipitation-type. The melting effect isdiscussed in a paper about a snow event in Tennessee in USA, and another paper describingan event in Japan showing the influence of the evaporation/sublimation process. In the lattercase the wet-bulb temperature, Tiw as a physical correct discriminator between snow and rainis obtained. A numerical weather prediction model (HIRLAM) is being used to study differentcondensation schemes during three weather situations occurring in Sweden. These areRasch/Kristjánsson condensation scheme, Sundqvist original condensation scheme and amodification of the latter scheme. In the modified Sundqvist condensation scheme the Tiw hasbeen implemented as a limit temperature between snow and rain. The results are showingdifferences between the two main schemes concerning the total precipitation (both snow andrain). Comparisons between Sundqvist condensation scheme and this modified version, calledSundqvist scheme with Tiw show that this latter version creates slightly more snow.Differences between them are largest in dryer areas. Differences in the snow accumulationincrease when the forecast length increases. That makes them harder to be compared to snowanalyses from MESAN (mesoscale analysis) because the analyses is partly based ondifferences in the snow depth and this cannot be directly compared to amount of newly fallensnow especially when surface air temperatures are above freezing. Deviations from the dataanalyses are obtained in both Sundqvist and Sundqvist scheme with Tiw but in some regionsthe latter is in better agreement with measurements. Further work is needed in precipitationtypestudies but the physical correct value with Tiw = 0 ºC as melting temperature used inSundqvist with Tiw scheme is an interesting project for the future in the field of precipitationtypeforecasting.Sammanfattning av ”Regn eller snö? En fråga om våta temperaturen” Noggranna prognoser beträffande nederbördstyp är väldigt viktiga inom många områden isamhället. Det finns därför ett behov att utveckla bra metoder att avgöra om nederbördenfaller som regn eller snö. Viktiga fysikaliska processer är avgörande för nederbördens och denomgivande luftens temperatur; processernas kritiska betydelse för dess fas har satts i fokus.De två största latenta värmeeffekterna, avkylning genom smältning och genomavdunstning/sublimation har betonats. Smältning av snöflingorna extraherar värme frånomgivningen och därmed sänks temperaturen. Avdunstning och sublimation erfordrar värmeför fastransformation vilket även här tas från omgivningen och därmed en kylande effekt somföljd. Dessa två latenta värmeeffekter har ibland kritisk betydelse för nederbördstypen vidmarkytan och detta diskuteras dels i en artikel om en vädersituation från Tennessee (Kain etal., 2000) där smälteffekten fick avgörande betydelse för nederbördsfasen vid markytan, dels istudier från Japan där betydelsen av avdunstning och sublimation på nederbördstypenbetonats (Matsuo and Sasyo, 1981). I det senare fallet tydliggörs isobara våta temperaturenoch dess betydelse som diskriminator mellan regn och snö. En numerisk vädermodell (HIRLAM) har använts för att studera olika typer avkondensationsscheman och deras betydelse för nederbörden under tre olika väderskeenden iSverige. Dessa är Rasch/Kristjánssons kondensationsschema, Sundqvistskondensationsschema samt en något ändrad variant av Sundqvists kondensationsschema dären subrutin för beräknandet av Tiw har implementerats och ersatt den vanliga temperaturen iden del av schemat som beräknar smältning av nederbörd i fast form. Smälttemperaturen harsedan satts till 0ºC. Resultatet visar skillnader mellan Rasch/Kristjánssons schema ochSundqvists schema beträffande total 12 timmars nederbörd (regn och snö). Vissa periodertenderar Sundqvists kondensationsschema att överproducera nederbörden medan under andraperioder är det Rasch/Kristjánssons schema, som överproducerar jämfört mednederbördsobservationer. Jämförelser mellan Sundqvists schema och Sundqvists schema medTiw visar att den senare producerar mer ackumulerad snömängd med de största skillnaderna iområden som avviker mest från mättnad (100 %). Där finner vi också större differensermellan den vanliga temperaturen och Tiw. Skillnaden blir större när vi ökar den totala tiden förackumulerad snömängd men dessa värden blir då också svårare att verifiera med snöanalyserfrån MESAN. Detta då snöanalyserna bygger på skillnader mellan aktuell och föregåendeobserverade snödjup. Detta behöver ej alls vara lika med den verkliga mängden nysnö somfallit, speciellt under mätperioder då det är plusgrader. Avvikelser från snöanalyserna kannoteras i både Sundqvists schema och Sundqvists schema med Tiw. I vissa regioner är docksnöprognosen från den senare något bättre. Det fysikaliskt korrekta värdet av Tiw = 0ºC somsmältgräns mellan regn och snö istället för den vanliga temperaturen, utgör grunden förintressanta framtida studier beträffande nederbörd och nederbördstyp.
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Cheng, Sze-chiu, and 鄭士超. "The school-based curriculum tailoring scheme: a case study of curriculum formation and transformation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31960728.
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Cheng, Sze-chiu. "The school-based curriculum tailoring scheme : a case study of curriculum formation and transformation /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21185104.
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Dupuy, Nathalie. "Neurocomputational model for learning, memory consolidation and schemas." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33144.
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This thesis investigates how through experience the brain acquires and stores memories, and uses these to extract and modify knowledge. This question is being studied by both computational and experimental neuroscientists as it is of relevance for neuroscience, but also for artificial systems that need to develop knowledge about the world from limited, sequential data. It is widely assumed that new memories are initially stored in the hippocampus, and later are slowly reorganised into distributed cortical networks that represent knowledge. This memory reorganisation is called systems consolidation. In recent years, experimental studies have revealed complex hippocampal-neocortical interactions that have blurred the lines between the two memory systems, challenging the traditional understanding of memory processes. In particular, the prior existence of cortical knowledge frameworks (also known as schemas) was found to speed up learning and consolidation, which seemingly is at odds with previous models of systems consolidation. However, the underlying mechanisms of this effect are not known. In this work, we present a computational framework to explore potential interactions between the hippocampus, the prefrontal cortex, and associative cortical areas during learning as well as during sleep. To model the associative cortical areas, where the memories are gradually consolidated, we have implemented an artificial neural network (Restricted Boltzmann Machine) so as to get insight into potential neural mechanisms of memory acquisition, recall, and consolidation. We analyse the network's properties using two tasks inspired by neuroscience experiments. The network gradually built a semantic schema in the associative cortical areas through the consolidation of multiple related memories, a process promoted by hippocampal-driven replay during sleep. To explain the experimental data we suggest that, as the neocortical schema develops, the prefrontal cortex extracts characteristics shared across multiple memories. We call this information meta-schema. In our model, the semantic schema and meta-schema in the neocortex are used to compute consistency, conflict and novelty signals. We propose that the prefrontal cortex uses these signals to modulate memory formation in the hippocampus during learning, which in turn influences consolidation during sleep replay. Together, these results provide theoretical framework to explain experimental findings and produce predictions for hippocampal-neocortical interactions during learning and systems consolidation.
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Lindberg, Matthew J. "AFFECT AND ADJUST: CHANGE IN PROCESSING OF VALENCED STIMULI OVER TIME." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1180630437.
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STANBURY, PAMELA COOK. "PROCESSES OF VILLAGE COMMUNITY FORMATION IN AN AGRICULTURAL SETTLEMENT SCHEME: THE INDIRA GANDHI NAHAR PROJECT, INDIA." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184165.
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Anthropological research conducted in the Indira Gandhi Nahar Project area of the western Indian state of Rajasthan during 1984-1985 assessed the impact of agricultural land settlement planning on village community formation. The large-scale project, begun in 1957, has brought irrigation water to the extremely arid Thar desert and has brought irrigation water to the extremely arid Thar desert and has dramatically altered the social and physical landscape. Significant efforts have been made by the Government of Rajasthan to select settlers from the poor and landless population, as part of a social welfare policy, allocate agricultural land to them and create new settler communities. A single village, one of the earliest established by the project, was selected for the study of community formation. Historical and contemporary data were collected on five themes: (1) the settler household, (2) kinship, (3) patronage, (4) institution building, and (5) socieconomic stratification. For each theme area, a series of questions were asked regarding the impact of settlement planning. Although settlement planning has been a major influence on the study village, research revealed that settlers arrived under highly diverse circumstances and played diverse roles in the process of community growth. Research also revealed that the village community has maintained some traditional features of Indian social organization in the face of great upheaval associated with settlement. Both the indigenous families and some of the earliest unplanned settlers have developed large local kinship networks, assumed positions of wealth in a hierarchical caste system, and have been involved in building political institutions based on a stratified system. They have also been responsible for attracting later settlers, including both landless agriculturalists and, to a limited extent, service workers. The settlers selected according to settlement policies have not developed extensive kin networks and have been less active in institution building and developing patronage relationships.
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Ferrendier, Marc. "Mise au point de schemas cinetiques reduits pour decrire la formation des polluants dans la combustion." Orléans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ORLE2040.
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Les nouvelles methodes de reduction par analyse mathematique du mecanisme cinetique detaille, considere comme un systeme dynamique, permettent de proposer de nouvelles voies pour diminuer la dimension des schemas cinetiques. Il est necessaire de calculer un variete lente (une table numerique) correspondant a la dynamique lente du systeme chimique. Les varietes lentes etudiees sont construites a l'aide des methodes ildm (maas et pope) et ps (duchene et rouchon) et sont de dimension 1 ou 2 (une ou deux variables d'avancement). Le domaine de validite des schemas reduits est limite a un domaine de chimie haute temperature, t t#c. Dans le cas d'une combustion co/h2/n2-air, et pour des schemas reduits de dimension 2, on a t#c 750k. Deux variables d'avancement sont suffisantes pour estimer correctement la structure et la vitesse de flamme laminaire. Pour une combustion ch4-air, et pour des schemas reduits de dimension 2, on a t#c 1500k. Une augmentation du nombre de variables d'avancement est indispensable pour obtenir une bonne estimation de la vitesse de flamme laminaire. Ces conditions suggerent que les problemes d'allumage sont en dehors du domaine d'application des methodes ildm et ps. L'etude des differents mecanismes de formation des polluants montre que la contribution du mecanisme de zeldovich est dominante pour des configurations premelangees pauvres ou stchiometriques ( 1. 2) ou pour des configurations non-premelangees ou la temperature de l'air est elevee (t#a#i#r 1000k) et a haute pression (p 10 bars). Pour ces conditions, le modele mpkiva de formation de no (version ifp du code kiva) est correctement adapte aux besoins des calculs moteurs. Des ameliorations, par la mise en oeuvre de schemas cinetiques reduits plus precis, sont cependant possibles. On presente une nouvelle formulation pour l'estimation de la formation de no basee sur le mecanisme de zeldovich et la mise en oeuvre d'un schema reduit ps de dimension 2.
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Belhaddioui, Meriem. "Formation en alternance et construction du projet professionnel : Étude sur le rôle du "stage en entreprise" et ses effets dans les formations destinées aux publics de " bas niveau de qualification"." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2159.
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Cette thèse étudie le rôle et l’impact du « stage en entreprise » sur la construction du projet professionnel de personnes de « bas niveau de qualification » engagées dans une formation en alternance. Notre objectif principal vise, d’une part, à mettre en évidence leurs profils, leurs besoins ainsi que les représentations qu’elles ont de la formation, du travail et du projet professionnel, et, d’autre part, à identifier et caractériser leurs attitudes et les problèmes spécifiques qu’elles affrontent lorsqu’elles sont en interaction avec les acteurs et le milieu de l’entreprise. Nous partons de l’hypothèse que l’efficacité du stage et du dispositif de formation dépend de la « dynamique biographique » de chaque stagiaire et des difficultés qu’il exprime dans le contexte de l’alternance. Après une phase d'enquête sur terrain et la réalisation d’études de cas à partir d’une série de questionnaires et entretiens, nous pensons que les problèmes rencontrés par ces stagiaires ne sont pas de l’ordre de la construction proprement dite du projet professionnel, mais des doutes, sinon des craintes, sur leurs capacités à pouvoir le construire. Le blocage semble en amont même de la construction du projet : ils peinent à surmonter des obstacles biographiques, personnels, psychologiques et contextuels. L’efficacité recherchée pourrait être obtenue à deux conditions : une réorganisation institutionnelle et pédagogique des dispositifs de formation et une amélioration de l’accompagnement psychologique et social des stagiairesThis thesis analyses the role and impact of “a company internship” onto the development of professional scheme with “low skilled individuals” involved in alternative training. Our main target is, on the one hand, to highlight their profiles, their needs, as well as the representations they have of their trainings, their jobs, their professional schemes and, on the other hand, to identify and characterize their attitudes and the particular problems they are confronted with, when interacting with the different actors and with their business environment. We take for granted that the efficiency of the training system is connected with the biographical dynamics of each trainee together with the types of difficulties experienced in the context of alternative training. The research highlights that the problem for this group of the professional scheme as such but rather to doubts, even fears about their actual capacity to carry it out. The blocage seems even prior to the development of the scheme: they are having difficulties to overcome the biographical, personal, psychological and contextual obstacles. The expected efficiency could be obtained on two conditions: an institutional and pedagogical reorganization of the training system together with a better psychological and social accompaniment of the trainees
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Tsang, Chi-wai, and 曾志偉. "The impacts of formation of owners' corporation on the property management market of home ownership scheme courts." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577007.
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Tsang, Chi-wai. "The impacts of formation of owners' corporation on the property management market of home ownership scheme courts." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42577007.
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Manasfi, Tarek. "Contribution of organic UV filters to the formation of disinfection byproducts in chlorinated seawater swimming pools : occurrence, formation and genotoxicity." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4718.
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La désinfection de l’eau de piscine est essentielle pour prévenir la propagation de maladies infectieuses. Cependant, les désinfectants réagissent avec les composés organiques présents dans l’eau y compris ceux introduits par les baigneurs, tels que les fluides corporels et les crèmes solaires, conduisant à la formation de sous-produits de désinfection (SPD) associés à des effets néfastes sur la santé. Le devenir des filtres UV organiques, présents dans les crèmes solaires et les produits de soins personnels, dans les piscines d'eau de mer chlorées est peu connu. Les objectifs de la présente étude étaient d'étudier la réactivité des filtres UV organiques dans l'eau de mer chlorée, d’identifier les SPD générées par les filtres UV, d'analyser l’occurrence des SPD dans les piscines d'eau de mer, et d'examiner leur génotoxicité. Des expériences de chloration ont été menées dans l'eau de mer reconstituée sur cinq filtres UV couramment utilisés : l’oxybenzone (OXY), le dioxybenzone (DIOXY), l’avobenzone (AVO), l’octyl méthoxycinnamate (OMC), et l’octocrylène (OC). Tous les composés étudiés sauf l’OC ont été dégradés conduisant à la formation de SPD bromés pour lesquels des schémas réactionnels ont été proposés. L'occurrence de ces SPD a été étudiée dans les piscines d'eau de mer où des SPD bromés ont été quantifiés. La génotoxicité de l’hydrate de bromal (BH), l’un des SPD généré par OXY et DIOXY et détecté dans les piscines d'eau de mer, a été évaluée. BH a induit une activité génotoxique dans le test d'Ames et l'essai de comète. Cette étude montre que les filtres UV peuvent agir comme précurseurs pour la formation de SPD génotoxiques dans l’eau de mer chloréeDisinfection of swimming pool water is critical to prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases. However, disinfectants react with organic compounds present in water, including anthropogenic inputs (e.g. body fluids, sunscreens), leading to the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that have been linked to adverse health effects. Little is known about the fate of organic UV filters, present in sunscreens and personal care products, when introduced into chlorinated seawater swimming pools. The aims of the present study were to investigate the reactivity of five commonly used organic UV filters in chlorinated seawater, identify DBPs generated from the UV filters, analyze the occurrence of these DBPs in seawater swimming pools, and examine their genotoxicity. Chlorination experiments were conducted to analyze the reactivity of the UV filters oxybenzone (OXY), dioxybenzone (DIOXY), avobenzone (AVO), octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), and octocrylene (OC) in reconstituted seawater. All the studied UV filters except OC were degraded in chlorinated seawater resulting in the formation of brominated DBPs. Based on the identified byproducts, transformation pathways were proposed. The occurrence of the identified DBPs was investigated in seawater pools. Several brominated DBPs were identified in seawater pool samples. The genotoxicity of bromal hydrate (BH), which was generated by the benzophenone UV filters OXY and DIOXY and detected in the investigated seawater pools, was assessed. BH induced genotoxic activity in the Ames test and in the comet assay. Overall, this study shows that UV filters can act as precursors for the formation of genotoxic DBPs in chlorinated seawater pools
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Augustin, Tomke Jerena [Verfasser], and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Pudelko. "Multicultural and Multilingual Employees : Bridging Activities, Cognitive Schemas, and Social Capital Formation / Tomke Jerena Augustin ; Betreuer: Markus Pudelko." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1210484188/34.
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Vanhille, Didier. "Formation de CO et de NOx dans un moteur à allumage commandé." Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUE5023.
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Ce mémoire porte sur l'élaboration de modèle de prédiction de polluants dans un moteur à allumage commandé, et en particulier sur les émissions de CO et de NOx. Dans cette étude, nous développons deux méthodes de prédictions, basées pour la première sur un modèle de pdf présumé donnant le taux de réaction moyen d'une réaction globale en tenant compte de la turbulence, suivi d'hypothèses d'équilibre chimique dans les gaz brûlés et pour la deuxième sur l'utilisation d'un modèle de combustion turbulente eulérien-lagrangien couplé avec un schéma cinétique réduit pour le méthane. Nous avons fait une analyse des résultats en fonction de la richesse pour les deux modèles et comparé ceux-ci avec des résultats de mesures faites à l'échappement d'un moteur monocylindre
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Zabirov, Alexander [Verfasser], Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Reisgen, and Jochen [Akademischer Betreuer] Schein. "Investigation of droplet formation and transfer in GMA welding / Alexander Zabirov ; Uwe Reisgen, Jochen Schein." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1130402762/34.
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Elbaz, Françoise. "Les processus de symbolisation, contribution aux sciences de l'éducation à partir d'un dispositif spécifique mis en place dans une approche picturale de formation et/ou thérapie : le pictodrame d'André Elbaz." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081150.
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L'approche que nous presentons, creee par le peintre andre elbaz, est une approche de formation et ou de therapie par la peinture et le theatre. Notre recherche visant a fonder une reflexion sur la notion de processus de symbolisation s'est concentree sur la notion de dispositif. En effet les consignes precises qui balisent le cheminement pictural, verbal et theatral du pictodrame occasionnent la possibilite d7un "circuit symbolique" (notion que notre recherche s'efforce d'expliciter), et aboutissent a des reprises picturales, veritables metaphores d'autres reprises possibles. Ces questions interessent les sciences de l'education, concernees au premier chef par les problematiques de l'"alteration" et du "changement" en tant que "processus" a mettre constamment en rapport avec des "procedures". C'est a ce titre qu'une longue partie terminale intitulee: "le signe et le symbole (considerations specifiques sur les processus de symbolisation)" cherche a approfondir la double notion - signe et symbole qui, etant au coeur des processus educatifs et ou therapeutiques, concerne de pres la question de la representation, de la constitution du "reel", de la genese de la pensee cognitive a partir de l'activite sensori-motrice puis de l'imagination symboliqueThe purpose of this approach to things invented by the painter andre elbaz is in-training and or therapy through the mediums of painting and acting. My research aims at giving a basis to reflection on symbolisation understood as a process. I therefore focused, first of all, on the notion of a device set up specifically for this in-training and or therapeutic approach. The instructions punctuating the way a pictodrama develops as to its pictural, verbal and theatrical aspects do indeed show that there is such a thing as a "symbolic circuit". This is precisely what i have tried to explore. All these questions lie at the very heart of the educational sciences, these being primarily concerned with how things "change" and "deteriorate", which "processes" can constantly be correlated with certain ways of proceding ("procedures"). Thus it is that a lengthy last part called "signs and symbols (specific views on symbolisation processes)" endeavours to explore the twofold notion of sign symbol. Education and or therapy revolve around this notion and thus the question of representation, of what being "real" means, of how cognition develops from sensory and motory activity and symbolic imagining cannot be eschewed
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AUPHAN, DE TESSAN MAYLIS. "Influence de la formulation du gazole sur les rejets solides des moteurs diesel : etude des schemas de formation des particules." ORLEANS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE2071.
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Les moteurs diesel sont caracterises par des emissions de particules elevees. La reduction de ces emissions particulaires est realisable par deux voies : la modification de la technologie du moteur et le controle de la composition des carburants. La parfaite maitrise de la connaissance des schemas de formation des particules en relation avec la formulation du carburant est du plus grand interet pour orienter l'outil de raffinage. Cette etude se place dans la deuxieme voie de reduction des emissions particulaires. Le mecanisme de formation des particules contient 4 etapes : la formation des premiers cycles aromatiques, la croissance planaire des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (hap), la nucleation et la croissance des particules par coagulation et reactions de surface. Les hap sont donc les intermediaires importants de la formation de particules. L'etude presentee ici est realisee dans un premier temps sur banc moteur, puis dans un reacteur pour l'etude de la chimie fine de la formation des particules. Dans chacun des cas, l'influence de la composition du carburant sur la formation des particules et des hap est etudiee. Tout d'abord, a partir des resultats obtenus, on a cherche a degager des schemas de formation et on s'est assure de leur pertinence par comparaison avec la litterature. Ainsi, il a ete possible de dresser des mecanismes de formation des hap. Ensuite, les tendances des hydrocarbures a former des particules et des hap au cours des essais en reacteur et sur banc moteur sont comparees. Les tendances des hydrocarbures mono-, di-aromatiques et naphteniques a former des suies, des produits lourds, du phenanthrene, du pyrene et du fluoranthene dans le reacteur et sur le banc moteur concordent. Les especes tri-aromatiques ont un comportement particulier. Alors qu'ils sont a l'origine de la plus grande formation de suies et de hap en reacteur, ils participent exclusivement a la production de suies sans affecter celle de hap ou de sof dans le moteur.
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Tanana, Mariam. "Evaluation formative du savoir-faire des apprenants à l'aide d'algorithmes de classification : application à l'électronique numérique." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00442930.
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Lorsqu'un enseignant veut évaluer le savoir-faire des apprenants à l'aide d'un logiciel, il utilise souvent les systèmes Tutoriels Intelligents (STI). Or, les STI sont difficiles à développer et destinés à un domaine pédagogique très ciblé. Depuis plusieurs années, l'utilisation d'algorithmes de classification par apprentissage supervisé a été proposée pour évaluer le savoir des apprenants. Notre hypothèse est que ces mêmes algorithmes vont aussi nous permettre d'évaluer leur savoir-faire. Notre domaine d'application étant l'électronique numérique, nous proposons une mesure de similarité entre schémas électroniques et une bas d'apprentissage générée automatiquement. cette base d'apprentissage est composées de schémas électroniques pédagogiquement étiquetés "bons" ou "mauvais" avec des informations concernant le degré de simplification des erreurs commises. Finalement, l'utilisation d'un algorithme de classification simple (les k plus proches voisins) nous a permis de faire une évaluation des schémas électroniques dans la majorité des cas.
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Heindl, Claudia [Verfasser], and Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Scheer. "Polyphospholyl ligands as building blocks for the formation of polymeric and spherical assemblies / Claudia Heindl ; Betreuer: Manfred Scheer." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1113875534/34.
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Gout, Michel. "Le rapport entre langue et intégration dans les dispositifs linguistiques pour migrants nouveaux arrivants en Allemagne, Belgique, France et Royaume Uni." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3038.
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Cette recherche sociolinguistique s’intéresse aux liens entre maitrise / connaissance de la langue du pays d’accueil et intégration. La connaissance de la langue officielle du pays d’immigration est en effet présentée, jusque dans les discours du Conseil de l’Europe, comme étant la clé de l’intégration des migrants et, depuis une dizaine d’année, nous assistons à la mise en place, dans la plupart des pays européens, de dispositifs d’apprentissage obligatoire de la langue d’accueil pour les nouveaux arrivants, censés résoudre les difficultés d’intégration. Mais parler la langue d’un pays est-il suffisant pour s’intégrer dans ce pays ? Cette étude, menée dans quatre grands pays d’immigration européens (Allemagne, Belgique, France et Royaume Uni) aborde deux aspects de la question. Dans une première partie, sont traitées les conceptions institutionnelles de l’intégration par la langue dans ces pays. Cette première analyse, comparative, permet de confronter les quatre systèmes nationaux d’enseignement linguistique aux migrants. La deuxième partie de la thèse s’appuie sur une vaste enquête de terrain et analyse les diverses pratiques didactiques d’enseignement de la langue-culture du pays d’accueil et leur impact sur les processus d’intégration. Après avoir croisé les regards de ces diverses pédagogies et confronté les discours de nombreux acteurs, la thèse avance en conclusion des propositions didactiques pour une formation linguistique intégrative de la langue officielle du pays d’accueil et pour la formation des formateursThis sociolinguistic research addresses the links between the knowledge of the official language of the host country and the integration. Indeed, the knowledge of the language of the country of immigration is presented, even in the speeches of Council of Europe, as the key of migrants’ integration and we have been facing for about ten years, in all countries, the deployment of compulsory host language learning schemes intended to solve the integration difficulties for the newcomers. Yet, is it sufficient to speak the language of a country to integrate this country?This study carried out in four large countries of immigration in Europe (Germany, Belgium, France and United-Kingdom) deals with two aspects of the question.In the first part, the institutional conceptions of the integration by the language in these countries are examined and the four national linguistic learning schemes for migrants are compared. The second part of the research is based on a vast field study and analyses the various teaching practises of the languages and cultures and their impacts on the integration process. After cross-fertilizing the perspectives of these various educational processes, this thesis suggests, as a conclusion, a few didactic approaches to an integrative host language teaching and for training the teachers
Diese soziolinguistische Studie handelt sich um die Verbindungen zwischen der Kenntnis der Sprache des Gastlandes und der Integration. Die Kenntnis der Sprache des Immigrationslandes ist, eigentlich, bis in den Reden des Europarates, als sei sie der Schlüssel zur Integration der Migranten präsentiert und seit einem Jahrzehnten bemerken wir, in allen Ländern, die Umsetzung von obligatorischen Lehrprogrammen der Aufnahmesprache für Neuankömmlinge, die die Schwierigkeiten zur Integration lösen sollen. Ist es aber genug die Sprache eines Landes anzuwenden, um sich in diesem Land zu integrieren?Diese in vier großen europäischen Immigrationsländern durchgeführte Studie (Deutschland, Belgien, Frankreich und Gross-Britannien) beantwortet zwei Aspekte der Frage.In dem ersten Teil wird der Institutionelle Begriff der durch-die-Aufnahmesprache Integration in diesen Ländern behandelt. Diese erste vergleichende Analyse ermöglicht der vier nationalen für Migranten Sprachbildungssystemen nebeneinander zu setzen.Der zweite Teil der Studie stützt sich auf einer umfangreichen Feldstudie und analysiert die didaktische Praktiken der Sprache und Kultur des Gastlandes, und die Auswirkungen auf dem Integrationsprozess.Nachdem sie die Blickwinkel dieser verschiedenen Lehrmethoden berücksichtigt und die Gedanken von vielen Akteuren aus der Praxis gegenübergestellt hat, schließt sich diese Studie mit didaktischen Vorschlägen für eine integrative Bildung der Sprache des Gastlandes und für die Lehreausbildung ab
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La, Yuyi. "Formation des aérosols organiques secondaires : évaluation d'un modèle explicite par la comparaison à des observations de chambre de simulation atmosphérique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1129.
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Les aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS) représentent une fraction significative de l'aérosol fin, et contribuent donc fortement à leurs impacts sur la santé, l'environnement et le climat. Connaitre les sources, l’évolution et les propriétés des AOS constitue actuellement un véritable enjeu pour la communauté scientifique. Ces AOS sont formés par condensation sur des aérosols préexistants des espèces de faible volatilité produites au cours de l’oxydation progressive de la matière organique gazeuse. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse vise à évaluer nos connaissances sur les processus de formation de l’AOS. La méthodologie mise en place consiste à (i) représenter les processus dans un modèle déterministe et explicite, (ii) confronter le modèle à des expériences de formation d’AOS effectuées dans des environnements contrôlés et (iii) examiner la sensibilité des évolutions simulées aux paramètres peu contraints. Le modèle GECKO-A (Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere) développé au LISA permet de générer des schémas chimiques explicites sur la base de principes fondamentaux et de renseigner les grandeurs cinétiques et thermodynamiques associées. Sa capacité à représenter la formation des AOS a été évaluée par comparaison avec des expériences en chambres de simulation atmosphérique (CSA). Les comparaisons modèle/mesures des rendements finaux en AOS montrent que l’outil GECKO-A restitue correctement l’influence de la structure moléculaire sur la formation d’AOS. Cependant l’analyse quantitative montre que ces rendements sont systématiquement surestimés. Ceci suggère que des processus sont manquants ou mal représentés dans le modèle, en particulier la perte de composés organiques gazeux aux parois des CSA. L’intégration de ce processus dans le modèle conduit à (i) une diminution des rendements finaux simulés pouvant atteindre un facteur 2, (ii) une modification de la composition de l’AOS avec une sensibilité importante pour les espèces de premières générations (nitrates, hydroxynitrates et carbonylesters) et (iii) une vitesse de production de l’AOS plus faible lorsque la vitesse de transfert vers les parois augmente. La dynamique de formation des AOS n'est cependant pas correctement reproduite par le modèle. Les résultats montrent que les incertitudes sur les paramètres d’accommodation à la surface des particules et de pertes gazeuses aux parois permettent d’encadrer les données expérimentales. Aucune configuration unique de ces deux paramètres ne permet, toutefois, de représenter l’ensemble des expériencesSecondary organic aerosols (SOAs) represent a large fraction of fine particle matter, and contribute therefore to their impacts on human health, environment and climate. Understanding the sources, the evolution and the properties of SOAs is a challenge for the scientific community. These SOAs are produced by condensation onto preexisting aerosols of low volatility compounds formed during the progressive oxidation of gaseous organic matter. The objective of this thesis is to assess our knowledge of SOA formation processes. The methodology aims at (i) representing the processes in a deterministic and explicit model, (ii) comparing the modeling results with SOA measurements performed in controlled environments and (iii) examining the sensitivity of simulated results to poorly constrained parameters. The GECKO-A model (Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere) developed at LISA generates explicit chemical schemes on the basis of fundamental principles and provides the related kinetic and thermodynamic constants. Its ability to represent SOA formation was evaluated by comparisons with experiments performed in environmental chambers. The comparisons between modeled and measured final SOA yields show that the GECKO-A tool accurately reproduces the influence of molecular structure on the SOA formation. However, quantitative analysis shows that these yields are systematically overestimated. This suggests that processes are missing or misrepresented in the model, in particular the loss of gaseous organic compounds on the chamber walls. The implementation of this process into the model leads to (i) a decrease of the simulated final yields up to a factor 2, (ii) a change on SOA composition with a high sensitivity for the first generation species (nitrates, hydroxynitrates and carbonylesters) and (iii) a decrease in the SOA production rate when the mass transfer rate to the wall is increased. The model fails however to reproduce the dynamic of SOA formation. The results show that the uncertainties on particle surface accommodation and wall losses allow to encompass the experimental data. However, no unique configuration of these two parameters can be selected for all of the experiments
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Wang, Qihe. "Scheduling and Simulation of Large Scale Wireless Personal Area Networks." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148050113.
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Besnard-Lamboley, Christine. "Contribution à la définition d'une psychopédagogie de la communication dans les instituts technologiques d'éducation (I. T. E) algériens à partir de l'étude du schéma de la personnalité de base : cas d'une classe de professeurs d'enseignement moyen P.E.M. de français stagiaires à l’I.T. E de Saïda (Oranais)." Nancy 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NAN21019.
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Lannuque, Victor. "Formation de l’aérosol organique secondaire dans les modèles de qualité de l’air : développement d’une paramétrisation sur la base de simulations explicites." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1129.
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L’oxydation gazeuse des composés organiques émis dans l’atmosphère mène à la formation de milliers de composés organiques secondaires (COS). Une fraction de ces COS est peu volatile, et peut se partager entre la phase gazeuse et la phase particulaire formant ainsi des aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS). Les AOS contribuent majoritairement à la composition des particules, participant entre 20 et 80 % à la masse totale des aérosols fins et influencent ainsi leurs impacts sur l’environnement, en particulier sur la qualité de l’air et le climat. Ces impacts sont quantifiés à l’aide de modèles de chimie-transport (CTM). Les comparaisons avec les mesures in situ montrent que les variations spatiales et temporelles de la masse d’AOS ne sont pas correctement simulées par les CTM. Dans ces modèles, la formation d’AOS est représentée de façon simplifiée à l'aide de paramétrisations empiriques développées sur la base d'observations en chambres de simulation atmosphérique. Il est donc primordial de repenser et d’améliorer la représentation des aérosols organiques dans les CTM pour diagnostiquer l’origine de la pollution atmosphérique par les particules fines, améliorer la fiabilité de la prévision des épisodes de pollution et évaluer l'impact des aérosols sur l'environnement. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de :• explorer l’influence des conditions environnementales sur la formation et les propriétés des AOS,• développer une nouvelle paramétrisation de formation de l’AOS sur la base d’une représentation déterministe de la chimie atmosphérique,• évaluer cette paramétrisation en CTM par comparaison avec des mesures in-situ.Les modèles déterministes permettent de représenter la non-linéarité des processus de formation de l'AOS. Le modèle déterministe GECKO-A (Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere) est un outil de modélisation numérique qui intègre les données élémentaires (cinétiques et thermodynamiques) issues des études en laboratoire. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, des scénarios d’oxydation en conditions environnementales ont été développés et GECKO-A a été utilisé pour étudier l’impact des facteurs environnementaux (température, teneur en NOx, ensoleillement...) sur la formation et les propriétés des AOS. Sur la base de ces simulations, une nouvelle paramétrisation pour la formation d’AOS a été développée: VBS-GECKO. L’évaluation de la VBS-GECKO en modèle de boîte a montré une bonne reproduction des concentrations en aérosols organiques (AO) avec une RMSE inférieure à 20%. La VBS-GECKO a été intégrée au CTM CHIMERE pour simuler les concentrations estivales d’AO au dessus de l’Europe. Son utilisation conduit à une sensible amélioration de la masse d’AO simulée par rapport à la paramétrisation de référence utilisée dans CHIMERE. La VBS-GECKO a également été utilisé pour étudier (i) les sources et propriétés des AOS et (ii) différentes représentation des émissions de composés organiques semi-volatils et de volatilité intermédiaire par le trafic routierThe gaseous oxidation of organic compounds emitted into the atmosphere leads to the formation of thousands of secondary organic compounds (SOC). A fraction of these SOC is low volatile, and can partition between the gaseous phase and the particulate phase, forming secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The SOA are a main component of the particles, representing between 20% and 80% of the total mass of fine aerosols. Therefore, SOA contribute to the impact of aerosols on the environment, in particular air quality and climate. The quantification of the SOA impacts is estimated using chemical-transport models (CTM). Comparisons with in situ measurements show that the spatial and temporal variations of SOA mass are not correctly simulated by CTM. In these models, the SOA formation is represented in a simplified way, using empirical parameterizations developed on the basis of observations performed in atmospheric simulation chambers. Improving the representation of organic aerosols in CTM is therefore required to diagnose the origin of air pollution by fine particles, improve the reliability of pollution episode prediction and assess the impact of aerosols on the environment. The objectives of this thesis are :• to explore the influence of environmental conditions on SOA formation and properties,• to develop a new parameterization of SOA formation based on a deterministic representation of atmospheric chemistry,• to evaluate this parameterization in CTM by comparison with in-situ measurements. Deterministic models represent the non-linearity of SOA formation processes. The model GECKO-A (Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere) is a numerical modelling tool that integrates the elementary data (kinetics and thermodynamics) from laboratory studies. In this thesis, oxidation scenarios representative of various environmental conditions were developed and GECKO-A was used to study the impact of environmental factors (temperature, NOx concentrations, solar radiations, etc.) on the formation and the properties of the SOA. On the basis of these simulations, a new parameterization for SOA formation was developed: VBS-GECKO. The evaluation of the VBS-GECKO in box model has shown a good reproduction of the organic aerosol (OA) concentrations with RMSE lesser than 20%.The VBS-GECKO was integrated into the CHIMERE CTM to simulate summer concentrations of OA over Europe. Simulated OA are significantly improved compared to the reference parameterization used in CHIMERE. The VBS-GECKO was also used to study (i) the sources and properties of SOA and (ii) different representations of emissions of semi-volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds by road traffic
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Gérard, Frédérique. "Évaluation des dispositifs d’apprentissage en situation de travail dans les entreprises." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100039/document.
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Les formations intégrées au travail suscitent l’intérêt manifeste des entreprises : elles sont considérées comme plus efficaces et moins coûteuses que les stages de formation classiques.Dans notre recherche, nous étudions un type particulier de formation intégrée au travail : le dispositif d’apprentissage en situation de travail tel qu’il a été conçu par l’association Entreprise & Personnel. Le but de notre travail est de vérifier son efficacité pédagogique.En nous inspirant de Billett (1995, 1996, 2001, 2006) du Workplace Learning et de Pastré (1999, 2005, 2011) de la didactique professionnelle, nous avons formulé 2 hypothèses :-le dispositif AST facilite les processus de transformation du modèle opératif chez l’apprenant ;-le dispositif AST facilite les apprentissages en tant qu’il offre des opportunités de participation qui suscitent l’engagement de l’apprenant.Les observations et les entretiens menés auprès de 21 techniciens de l’entreprise ERDF qui bénéficient du dispositif AST nous ont permis de constater que l’hypothèse 1 est confirmée pour l’ensemble des apprenants étudiés et l’hypothèse 2 pour la majorité d’entre eux.Sur le plan théorique, notre recherche invite à penser l’efficacité pédagogique des dispositifs en termes de transformation de modèles opératifs, d’opportunités de participation et d’engagement individuel. Sur le plan pratique, elle confirme l’intérêt du dispositif AST tout en invitant les professionnels à exercer un regard critique sur la question de la réflexivité et du transfert des apprentissages.Cette recherche s’est réalisée dans le cadre d’un partenariat CIFRE entre l’université Paris Ouest et l’entreprise ERDFCurrently, in organisations, much attention is given to workplace learning and more specifically, intentional, structured and organised learning on the job. Indeed, this kind of training seems to be more efficient and less expensive than off-the-job training.In our research, we study a specific workplace curriculum which has been developed by Entreprise & Personnel association. The aim of our research is to examine the efficacy of this curriculum.Our theoretical framework draws together the work of Billett (1995, 1996, 2001, 2006) one of leader scholars of the field of Workplace Learning and Pastré (1999, 2005, 2011), one of the key researchers of the francophone field vocational didactic. It allows us to formulate 2 hypothesis:- the curriculum facilitates learnings and in particular scheme transformation process;- this curriculum facilitates learning because it affords opportunities that engage the learner.The data gathering procedures was conducted in the French power distribution company ERDF. They include interviews and observations of 21 technicians. Our findings show that hypothesis n°1 is confirmed for all the participants, and hypothesis n°2 for most of them.Our research invites researchers to examine the efficacy of curriculum in terms of scheme transformation process, workplace opportunities and individual engagement. Our findings confirm the interest of workplace curriculum. At the same time, it invites professionals to think critically of reflexivity and learning transfer questions.Our research was conducted under a partnership between Paris Ouest University and ERDF. It was in part funded by the French national research agency
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Dellacherie, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'analyse et à la simulation numériques des équations cinétiques décrivant un plasma chaud." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00479816.
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Lors de la formation du point chaud dans une expérience de Fusion par Confinement Inertiel, le plasma au centre de la sphère de deutérium-tritium peut être loin de l'équilibre thermodynamique local. Dans la première partie, on décrit donc un modèle cinétique ionique de type Vlasov-Fokker-Planck susceptible de prendre en compte ces déséquilibres. Après avoir rappelé les grandes étapes pour résoudre numériquement le système obtenu, on introduit la notion de moyenne entropique pour définir un nouveau schéma numérique traitant les collisions ion-électron homogènes en espace. Ce schéma est conservatif, stable et entropique sous un critère de type CFL dans sa version explicite. Dans sa version semi-implicite, on établit que ce schéma conserve l'équilibre thermodynamique. Le temps de calcul pour résoudre les équations cinétiques étant très important, il est nécessaire d'étudier la possibilité de ne résoudre ces équations que là où c'est nécessaire c'est à dire principalement au centre de la sphère de deutérium-tritium. Dans la seconde partie, on propose donc une technique de couplage cinétique-fluide, la formation du point chaud étant traitée avec le modèle cinétique, le reste avec les équations d'Euler à deux températures (températures ionique et électronique). Les ions deutérium et tritium pouvant ne pas être à l'équilibre thermodynamique, on s'est ensuite posé la question de la validité des formules analytiques donnant le taux de réaction nucléaire, formules établies en supposant que le plasma est à l'équilibre thermodynamique. Dans la troisième partie, on propose donc une méthode de type Monte-Carlo pour résoudre numériquement les équations cinétiques de type Boltzmann qui décrivent les réactions de fusion thermonucléaire et on montre qu'effectivement, les déséquilibres thermodynamiques rencontrés lors de la formation du point chaud peuvent invalider les formules usuelles.
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Jacobson, Christopher M. "Playing in tune kinesthetic perception and schema formation in the process of learning pitch accuracy with beginning violinists /." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29523332.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1993.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-104).
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Shih, Hung-Jie, and 施宏杰. "An Efficient Tree Formation Scheme for ZigBee Sensor Networks." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60095894124071544776.
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碩士逢甲大學
資訊電機工程碩士在職專班
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ZigBee is a standard of short rang wireless sensor network that is based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard designed by IEEE and the standard is designed by the ZigBee Alliance. ZigBee has the characters of low data rate, low power consumption, low cost, high reliability, high expansibility, and easy to deployment. Because of the characters, ZigBee is suitable to apply in the building automation, industrial control, personal health care, home security, environment monitoring, and consumer electronics, etc. In some of applications of ZigBee networks, their power are supported by a dry battery. Therefore, the efficient establishment of the ZigBee network is very important. For establishment of the ZigBee network, the tree-based topology is popular because the topology is easy to establish, easy to maintain, and more efficient. The ZigBee Alliance released the standard of establishment of tree-based ZigBee network in the ZigBee specification that only considers the link quality for frames received and the depth. Therefore, some of ZigBee devices serve too many child devices and the loading of ZigBee devices in the network are not balance. Because of the reasons, the battery will be consumed quickly and the service will be broken. This paper proposes an efficient tree formation scheme to improve the standard which is released by the ZigBee Alliance. The scheme considers the types of power supply and extends efficiently the service time of ZigBee network. Furthermore, the Markov chain is used to build the ZigBee system model and the weight function is used to establish the effective service network. At last, the result of experiments will prove that the efficient tree formation scheme improves efficiently the loading of ZigBee devices and makes the ZigBee devices with electricity or solar power energy to have an opportunity to be the ZigBee router. Because of the condition of power, our proposed the scheme will have a longer service time than the standard which is released by ZigBee Alliance.
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Wu, Yi-ling, and 吳怡玲. "Image-schemas and Word Formation in Taiwan Sign Language." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38632060818860510308.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
語言所
97
Image-schemas are derived from everyday bodily and social experiences. Since image-schemas structure our conceptual systems, we can have an embodied understanding of the conceptual world. In addition, image-schemas stem from perceptual and motor interactions. Due to the visual-gestural modality, the signed languages can give more concrete visual presentation to word formation. In this thesis, image-schemas are employed to investigate the word formation, with the goal of finding out the relation of image-schemas to word formation in Taiwan Sign Language. The basic image-schemas discussed in this thesis include PATH, CONTAINER, and PART-WHOLE image-schemas, while the subsidiary image-schemas include UP-DOWN, FRONT-BACK, FORCE, LINK image-schemas, and so on (Peña 1999, 2000, 2003). In this thesis, it is found that image-schemas can be used to account for the word formation and to interpret the meanings of the words in Taiwan Sign Language, and that many words are formed in accordance with the concept of the image-schemas, and the words sharing the same image-schema may denote similar concept or meaning. In addition, image-schemas can serve as the source domains for metaphorical mappings. For example, the UP-DOWN image-schema can be used as the source domain [VERTICALITY], which can be mapped onto the target domains like [QUANTITY], [QUALITY], and [STATUS] in Taiwan Sign Language. In addition, the conceptual metaphors such as MORE IS UP and LESS IS DOWN can be used to account for the formation of the words such as EXPENSIVE and CHEAP in Taiwan Sign Language.
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Wu, Chao-Nan, and 吳昭男. "BANF - A Backbone-Aware Network Formation Scheme for ZigBee Networks." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97448083358689708413.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
96
In this thesis, we propose a routing mechanism that can mitigate the hot-spot problem of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) so as to extend the network lifetime. A WSN consists of a coordinator and many sensor nodes that periodically collect and report to the coordinator the sensed information. With such periodical transmission, a sensor node may exhaust its energy sometime if it has limited energy resources. Moreover, the energy consumption may further be aggravated by the hot-spot problem that commonly exists in most WSNs; that is, sensor nodes closer to the coordinator tend to relay more traffic, and will exhaust their power sooner than others. However, in most deployments of sensor networks, there exist some nodes, henceforth referred to as power-nodes, with fixed power supplies or easy to replace if malfunction. In this thesis, we propose a Backbone-Aware Network Formation (BANF) scheme to mitigate the influence of hot-spot problem. We use power-nodes to construct the backbone of a network and route information toward a backbone power-node first, or the coordinator if it is closer than other power-nodes. The power-nodes then route the traffic toward the coordinator through other power-nodes in the backbone. Therefore, BANF can distribute traffic loads to more spots (nodes near backbone power-nodes) and alleviate the hot-spot problem of WSNs. BANF has two features: (1) power-node based subtrees and routing, and (2) fault tolerance mechanism for power-node failures. Results from NS2 simulations show that BANF can prolong network lifetime about 193~310%, compared with ZigBee under various network topologies.
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Tsai, Kai-yu, and 蔡凱俞. "An Adaptive Scatternet Formation Scheme in Bluetooth Personal Area Networks." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82625334780578890196.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
電機工程學系研究所
93
Bluetooth is a highly promising, low-cost, and low-power technology for short-range wireless communication. It is intended to replace existing cables between electronic devices. Bluetooth is an open specification. Even whose MAC protocol is designed for facilitating the construction of ad hoc networks, the issue of scatternet formation is left open in the Bluetooth Specification. Several researchers have proposed various solutions to form a scatternet. But most of them focused on static environment. This investigation presents an Adaptive Scatternet Formation Scheme (ASFS) for forming a scatternet for Bluetooth devices. Unlike earlier work, the proposed method is designed to work with dynamic environment where nodes can arrive and leave arbitrarily. ASFS consists of two parts, formation and maintenance. In formation, a coordinator is used to monitor the flow of nodes (arriving and leaving). This information is then used to assign the new arrival node a suitable role (Sub-coordinator, Master or Slave) to establish the link and assign it to an appropriate piconet. In maintenance, nodes are allowed to arrive and depart arbitrarily. The proposed method can incrementally extend the topology and heal the partitions of scatternet due to nodes arriving or missing. It dynamically adjusts the scatternet to minimize the number of piconets. We employed the Network Simulator, NS-2, as the simulation and analyzed the predicted results when nodes arrive in various conditions. The simulation result demonstrates that ASFS achieves better results than TSF (Tree Scatternet Formation, the algorithm is proposed by Tan et al.[17] and works well in dynamic environment) in packet transmission time and number of the piconets. The scatternet formation time reflects the advantage of parallel formation.
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Cheng, Hsu-cheng, and 鄭旭成. "A Study Enhancement Scheme for Well Foundation Construction Method in the Gravel Formation." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99777848971983742130.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
土木工程學系
103
To cope with the needs of domestic economic development of public transportation, more roads and tracks are required to be built, renovated or widened to accommodate the increasing demand. Diminishing availability of land and the community value of the construction environmental protection, the project must consider a variety of environmental factors, therefore The well foundation provides a better construction method on gravel layer. This study is based on “The Rapid Transit System of Taichung City at CJ920 Section” which is the first project in Taiwan that uses a large scale of well foundation method in the metropolis area, focusing on the densely population and limited space of the metropolitan environment conditions, a well foundation build on gravel layer construction method is developed, at the same time inspecting the traditional well foundation method safety improvement and environment pollution prevention, the well foundation method applied on fine gravel layer sites can reducing acoustic noise, dust pollution and increasing construction safety, therefore, this method could be widely used in the metropolitan area by the civil and public projects.
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Lee, Song-Ying, and 李松穎. "An Efficient On-Demand Point-To-Point Piconet Formation Scheme for Bluetooth Personal Area Network." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54714952557792933849.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
電機工程學系研究所
92
In the short-range wireless communication and networking, Bluetooth is a promising technology, mainly used as a replacement for connected cables. Since the Bluetooth specification only defines how to build a Piconet, several solutions have been proposed to construct a Scatternet from the Piconets in the literatures. The process of constructing a Scatternet is called the Scatternet formation. The traditional scatternet formation has three defects: First, more power and time need to be consumed in order to construct the scatternet. Second, after the scatternet is formed, more power and bandwidth are required to maintain the connection of scatternet. Third, due to the restriction of topology, the communication between two nodes must be relayed through the bridge or master, even when they are in the communication range. In this thesis, we propose a novel method in the transmission ranges of all the other nodes to form temporary point-to-point piconet only when two nodes want to communicate with each other. When the communication is finished, the temporary point-to-point piconet is destroyed immediately. Two nodes in the communication range can communicate with each other directly without the relay node. Our On-Demand Point-To-Point Piconet Formation (ODP2P) scheme resolves the defects of traditional scatternet formation in communication range. In order to reduce the communication delay, every node owns its list to record the information of all nodes within the communication range. An on-event method maintains the list. Network performance analysis and simulations show that our method can reduce the routing path significantly, provide better utilization for Bluetooth personal area network (PAN), and maintain the range list efficiently.
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Wang, Szu-Min, and 王思敏. "The Feasibility Study of Chemical Oxidation Remedy Scheme Applied in the Particular Geological Formation Area." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27z75r.
Full textAbstract:
碩士崑山科技大學
環境工程研究所
106
In this study, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and persulfate (Na2S2O8) were utilized as in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) reagent to examine the dissolution of nickel (Ni) and chromium (Cr) from basalt based on bench-scale batch tests. The use of 10% H2O2 resulted in 0.017 mg/L of Ni and 0.002 mg/L of Cr in the reagent after 28 days’ Basalt dissolution tests. The dissolution effect of nickel is more remarkable than chromium. The use of 0.6 M Na2S2O8 resulted in 0.30 mg/L of Ni and 0.025 mg/L of Cr in the reagent after 28 days’ Basalt dissolution tests. The dissolution effect of metals from Basalt by using Na2S2O8 is more significant as compared with using H2O2. The use of Fenton-like reagent might quickly release Ni but not Cr from Basalt due to the initial catalytic effect of ferrous ions. Acidic catalysis of Na2S2O8 might enhance oxidation to cause more dissolution of Ni and Cr from Basalt. After 28 days’ Basalt dissolution tests, the dissolved Ni concentrations were growing with lowering pH, and the dissolved Cr concentrations didn’t show the similar trend. When ISCO remedy scheme was employed in Basalt formation areas, it is better to get rid of Na2S2O8 reagent or lower down H2O2 concentration to 1% to avoid of releasing Ni and Cr from Basalt formation.
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Hsiao, Kuang-Jee, and 蕭光繼. "Research on A New Large Scale Multi-hop Formation Scheme with Routing Solution for Bluetooth Scatternets." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3fam65.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
電機工程研究所在職專班
99
Abstract In the development of Bluetooth networks, the network with single piconet size is not suitable to use in the current and future applications. Therefore, to combine a number of piconets into a Multi-hop scatternet system is an important issue. In the previous studies, there are many network topology structures to be presented, such as tree, star, ring and mesh topologies in which their features are with some advantages and weaknesses, respectively. However, the each node mobility and survival time does not take into account in the various topologies. In practice, the new arrival and departure nodes will increase the accesses and the reformation procedures within the network. It will result in serious degradation to the system performance. In this paper, we propose a new Hybird Multi-hop Scatternet Formation Algorithm (HMSFA) to solve the serious degradation to the entire system performance due to the arrival and departure problem of nodes. In the proposed system, the size of nodes is designed up to 50 nodes. We first choose the fixed nodes (or long survival nodes) to form the core piconet, the residual nodes to form the peripheral piconets. Therefore, the main structure of the core piconet is composed of nodes with hardly move and fixed power supply of equipment. In contrast, nodes in the peripheral piconets do not require the time characteristics. The system can be formed to maintain the flexibility, and both stability and practicality. After the network is formed, we combined with the characteristics of the two topologies which non-adjacent piconets match the star topology and adjacent piconets to form a ring topology. According to the characteristics, we propose a simple routing strategy. It can reduce the routing length of nodes in the multi-hop scatternet, and make the transmission time more efficient. In addition, it will be through the comparative analysis to prove that it is better than the efficiency of other network topologies and the performance of the average transmission path.
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Rackin, Heather M. "Where Should Babies Come From? Measuring Schemas of Fertility and Family Formation Using Novel Theory and Methods." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/8040.
Full textAbstract:
Current theories of marriage and family formation behavior tend to rely on the assumption that people can and do consciously plan both fertility and marriage and post-hoc intentions should align with a priori reasons for action (Fishbein & Azjen 2010). However, research shows this is not always the case and researchers have labeled inconsistencies between pre- and post- reports of intentions and behavior as retrospective bias. Researchers such as Bongaarts (1990) have tried to create models that minimize this "bias".
The Theory of Conjunctural Action is a new model that can explain, rather than explain away, this "bias" (Johnson-Hanks et al. 2011; Morgan and Bachrach 2011). This new theoretical innovation uses insights about the workings of the mind to gain a greater understanding of how individuals report family formation decisions and how and why they might change over time. In this theory, individuals experience conjunctures (or social context which exists in the material world) and use cognitive schemas (or frames within the mind through which individuals use to interpret the world around them). These schemas are multiple and the set can change over time as individuals incorporate new experiences into them.
In this dissertation, I explore how and why pre- and post- reports of intentions may be different using insights from the Theory of Conjunctural Action. In the second chapter, using data from the NLSY79 and log-linear models, I show that there are considerable inconsistencies between prospective and retrospective reports of fertility intentions. Specifically, nearly 6% of births (346 out of 6022) are retrospectively reported as unwanted at the time of conception by women who prospectively reported they wanted more children one or two years prior to the birth. Similarly, over 400 births are retrospectively reported as wanted by women who intended to have no more births one or two years prior (i.e., in the prior survey wave). The innovation here is to see this inconsistency, not as an error in reporting, but as different construals of a seemingly similar question. In other words, women may not be consciously intending births and then enacting these intentions; rather women may have different schemas (or meanings) of prospective and retrospective measures of fertility intentions.
The next chapter uses this same data to test if women use different schemas to guide their reporting of prospective and retrospective fertility intentions. Again, using insights from the Theory of Conjunctural Action, I expect that different schemas (represented by different sets of variables) predict prospective and retrospective wantedness differentially. I show that retrospective reports of wantedness are guided more by age, marital status, education, job satisfaction, and educational enrollment at birth, while prospective wantedness was guided more by number of children desired and how many children they currently have. I show four logistic models predicting wanted verses unwanted births. I then compared the model fit of logistic models predicting prospective wanted verses unwanted births using the hypothesized prospective and retrospective schema variables and I did the same for the models of retrospective wantedness. I find that when women report retrospective wantedness, they are guided more by the hypothesized variables.
Finally, in the last empirical paper, because schemas are difficult to measure, I build a methodology, Network Text Analysis, to measure schemas and to understand the schemas surrounding marriage and fertility for low-income Blacks who have not yet had children. I use interview data from the Becoming Parents and Partners Study (BPP), a sample of young, unmarried, childless adults with low incomes. I use these data to explore schemas of childbearing and marriage. Contrary to previous findings that low-income parents do not link marriage and fertility and have different requirements for marriage and fertility, I find that marriage and childbearing are indeed linked and have similar requirements for low-income Blacks prior to childbearing. Low income Blacks hold quite traditional views about the role of marriage and its sequencing vis-à-vis fertility. I argue that the material constraints to marital childbearing may lead to non-marital births and thus respondents sever schemas connecting marriage and childbearing and adopt other schemas of childbearing to provide ad hoc justifications for their behavior.
Dissertation
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Hudock, Jessica Wager. "Barrier island associated washover fan and flood tidal delta systems: A geomorphologic analysis and proposed classification scheme for modern washover fans and examination of a flood tidal delta complex in the Cretaceous upper McMurray Formation, Alberta, Canada." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23213.
Full textAbstract:
A detailed study of modern washover fan (fan) morphologies will clarify common fan geometries, lead to a better model for a “typical” fan, identify the preservation potential and probable geometries of fan facies in subsurface datasets and outcrops, and ultimately improve hydrocarbon recovery in barrier island reservoir systems. This study uses satellite imagery to conduct a spatial analysis of 118 modern fans to quantify geomorphologic attributes of fans. A new classification scheme for fans is proposed that refines the current fan model, dividing fans into channelized and non-channelized fans. Channelized fans are subdivided according to the location of primary deposition: barrier depo-center or lagoonal depo-center. Non-channelized fans are subdivided based on morphology: dissipative, lobate, or apron-sourced. Quantitative cross-plots of morphologic relationships are analyzed to define trends in fan morphologies. The most common type of fan encountered in our study is a non-channelized, line-sourced, lobate washover fan with an area of less than 1 km2 that is fully contained on a barrier and exhibits no subaqueous deposition in back-barrier waters.
The Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation is the primary reservoir of the Athabasca Oil Sands in Alberta, Canada. The upper McMurray is commonly interpreted as deposits of embayed coastal systems. Our location is in an under-studied area located 80 km northwest of Fort McMurray. Lateral and vertical facies changes, sedimentary structures, key surfaces, trace fossils, and bitumen saturation were documented in eight cores located along a 20 km transect situated paleo-landward of a Devonian paleo-high acting as a bedrock-barrier. Our data indicate that a flood tidal delta complex prograded landward into a back-barrier embayment through the stable, bedrock-controlled inlet. This system overlies middle McMurray fluvial sands and Devonian basement and was transgressed by marine waters prior to deposition of the overlying Wabiskaw Formation. Flood tidal delta sandbodies are bitumen saturated and therefore make good reservoirs; however, heavily bioturbated tidal flats can act as a barrier to flow where they encase flood tidal deltas, as encased sands were devoid of bitumen. This complex coastal paleogeography produced back-barrier deposits that contain a slightly more diverse, marine trace fossil assemblage than might otherwise be expected.text
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Xia, Guoyun. "Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation using a simple scheme in a 3-dimensional air quality model and performing systematic mechanism reduction for a detailed chemical system /." 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19790.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Earth and Space Science.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 271-296). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR19790
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Mabunda, Moises Eugenio. "Nation building in Mozambique : an assessment of the secondary school teachers’ placement scheme, 1975 – 1985." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27897.
Full textAbstract:
This study analyses the practice implemented by the government of Mozambique immediately after independence, from 1975 to 1985, of placing secondary school teachers around the country. Such practice consisted of putting teachers born in the south of the country to teach either in the central, or in the northern region, on the one hand; on the another, those who were born in the centre of the country were being placed to work or in the south, or in the north; and those born in the north were being sent to teach in the central or southern part of the country. The government’s arguments in so doing were to mould a nation. The study explores whether this practices was a deliberate policy. The presupposition that it may have been a formal policy comes from the fact that during the struggle for the liberation of Mozambique, the then movement leading the war, Frelimo, had as its guiding principle to ‘kill the tribe for the nation to be born’; so people from different regions of the country were compelled to work closely together in every activity of the movement. The theoretical framework includes a discussion of the concepts of ‘ethnic group’, ‘nation’, ‘nationalism’ and ‘nation-state’. Throughout the literature review, the way nations have been historically constituted worldwide, the way African leaders tried to build their nations, the philosophy behind the idea of ‘nation-states’ they developed are discussed at length. Given that education has been considered as a key pillar to achieve this specific end, the contribution of this sector to the processes of building a nation is brought to the fore. The study is a qualitative analysis and exploratory in essence. Fifty persons – including high ranking officials and teachers – who designed and implemented or were involved in the practice, were interviewed as the main foundation of the research. The outcomes of the analysis as well as the analogy itself are multidisciplinary. It concludes that the practice was not a policy in the classical meaning, that is a core of written principles and practices approved by a competent social institution and followed in a certain community, it existed only in speeches. Secondly, that in fact the practice contributed to the nation building process, people involved in it gained awareness of the vastness and ethnic diversity of the country. Finally, it reveals that de facto the policy had unintended interpretations. Given that the majority of the people sent throughout the country were southerners – something which the headmasters of the practice apparently were not aware of –, the unbalance of educated cadres that began during the colonial period were simply perpetuated and not critically addressed. As a result, “Southern dominance” in the administration of the country (in this instance the education system) provided the basis for dissatisfaction in other areas of the country. The study agrees with Connor (1990) that nation-building is a process, and concludes that Mozambique is on the road to nation formation, to which the practice contributed to a considerable degree.Dissertation (M (Social Science in Sociology))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Sociology
unrestricted