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1
Boik, Robert J. "Scheffés mixed model for multivariate repeated measures:a relative efficiency evaluation." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 20, no. 4 (January 1991): 1233–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610929108830562.
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Donfield, Sharyne M., Alice Lail, Edward D. Gomperts, W. Keith Hoots, Erik Berntorp, and Henry S. Lynn. "Association between a History of Inhibitors and Delays in Skeletal Maturation in Adolescents with Hemophilia." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1022.1022.
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Abstract The development of inhibitory antibodies to factor VIII or factor IX is the most serious complication of replacement therapy for people with hemophilia. Inhibitors decrease effectiveness of treatment, increasing risk of morbidity including bleeding frequency and arthropathy, and mortality. The current study examined the association between history of inhibitors and physical growth measured by skeletal maturation (bone age, BA) in participants enrolled in the longitudinal Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS). The HGDS is a population-based multicenter study of children and adolescents enrolled between 1989 and 1990. Participants not skeletally mature (n=306) were included in this investigation. Their mean age was 12, range 7–18 years. Seventy-five percent had severe hemophilia, 19% moderate, and 6% mild. Eighteen percent (n=54) had a history of inhibitors, with maximum lifetime Bethesda titers ranging from 1 to 2048. In general, HGDS participants received on-demand therapy prior to and during study follow-up. Skeletal maturation was determined centrally from x-rays of the hand-wrist according to the Fels method. Readers were masked to the clinical status of participants. Growth delay was defined as chronological age (age) minus BA and modelled using a longitudinal mixed effects polynomial model including age, race, HIV and inhibitor status, and their interactions. P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using Scheffe’s method. At every year evaluated (10 through 16), growth delay was greater among HIV-negative subjects with a history of inhibitors compared to HIV-negative subjects without inhibitors (p-values ranged from 0.042 to 0.12). The greatest differences, 9 to 10 months, were observed during the period of expected maximum growth velocity, 12 through 14 years of age (all p<0.05). At ages 15 and 16, subjects with inhibitors lagged approximately 9 months behind those without inhibitors in their skeletal maturation (p=0.067 and 0.12). The predicted BA of HIV-negative adolescents without inhibitors was quite similar to age during this period. At 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 years, they were 11.9, 13.1, 14.3, 15.4, and 16.4 respectively. Previous investigations from the HGDS have reported delays in skeletal maturation associated with HIV. In this study, delays were greater among HIV-positive subjects with an inhibitor compared to HIV-positive subjects without an inhibitor at every age, but perhaps due to intervening effects of HIV, the differences were generally small (1 to 2 months) and not statistically significant. In conclusion, the differences in bone age relative to chronological age between the HIV-negative groups suggest that a history of inhibitors is associated with delays in onset of puberty. Further investigation of this association and other growth parameters is a priority. If confirmed, the observation has important clinical, epidemiologic and therapeutic implications for the children and adolescents most severely impacted by hemophilia.
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Wang, Da Cheng, and Xiao Zhou Liu. "The Mathematical Model and Emperiences Algorithm of Activation Energy of Mixed Wastes." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.628.
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Through the single center of gravity mixture experiment design, the thermogravimetric combustion experiments of the cotton, easy chopsticks, food bags and its mixed components were done. Then the combustion characteristics curves of thermogravimetric and thermogravimetric differntial, and each group point average activation energy were obtained by above experiments. Using three Scheffe polynomial and the average activation energy of each waste component combustion, we get the activation energy calculation empirical formula of mixed waste combustion empirical formula. Through the three vertices of gravity method mixed waste combustion test, the experimental results of mixed waste activation energy fit well with the activation energy calculated from empirical formula. The activation energy calculated from empirical formula is correct, therefore, can be used to calculate the empirical formula derived from mixed waste activation energy. Application of this method has important guiding significance to the design of waste incinerator actually works and the waste combustion adjust.
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Eme, D. B., and K. E. Ohwerhi. "Characteristics of almond leaf-ash cement stabilized lateritic soil." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 3 (September 16, 2020): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i3.8.
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The use of Almond leaf-ash for stabilization purposes has not been given consideration. This paper was thus aimed at evaluating the characteristics of almond leaf-ash for the essence of stabilizing lateritic soil. Sourced lateritic soil was divided into 3 components (unmodified soil sample, cement stabilized soil sample and almond leaf-ash cement stabilized soil sample). Almond leaves were calcined at 250°C and subjected to granulation process. Preliminary tests such as; sieve analysis, Atterberg’s limit and specific gravity tests were done on the unmodified soil sample for the purpose of classification. CBR tests were performed on the cement stabilized soil sample and on the almond leaf-ash cement stabilized lateritic soil sample. A model was developed using the Scheffe’s simplex theory with the cement component fixed at 10% of the dry lateritic soil. Results revealed that the soil was observed to be a Silty Clay soil (A-4) with Plasticity index of 9.24%, therefore requiring stabilization. CBR results for the developed trial mixes were greater than the 15.20% obtained for 10% cement stabilization showing that Almond leaf-ash significantly improved the CBR of the cement stabilized lateritic soil. The CBR model developed for the Almond leaf-ash cement soil also proved adequate from the verification test conducted using χ2 statistics.
Keywords: Almond Leaf Ash, stabilization, California Bearing Ratio, Scheffe’s theory, lateritic soil.
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Orie, O. U., and N. N. Osadebe. "Cost Effectiveness of Scheffe’s Optimized Five-Component-Concrete with Mound Soil as a Mix Component." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.33.
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The paper examined the cost benefit of optimized five-component-concrete mix. Mound Soil randomly selected from Iyeke-Ogba in Benin City was used as a case study of a fifth component in the concrete mix. The work applied Scheffe’s optimization technique to obtain concrete mix proportions. A mathematical model for the optimizing concrete of five components namely; cement, fine aggregate, mound soil, coarse aggregates and water/cement (w/c) ratio, was developed. Cube samples measuring 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were made with the developed mixes and compared with the results of a standard 1:2:4 mix. The samples were tested at 7, 14 and 28 days for compressive strength. The costs of producing a unit volume of the concretes were determined and compared. The results showed that the standard mix gave a 28th day maximum strength of at a w/c of 0.5 and the theoretically optimized design mix gave a mix proportion of 1.00:1.59:0.46:3.34:0.53 and a compressive strength of. This mix was tested experimentally and it gave, representing an increase of 15.33%. The cost benefit analysis showed that Scheffe’s optimized mound soil concrete, MSC was 15% more economical than the standard mix plain concrete.
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Lazar, Ann A., and Gary O. Zerbe. "Solutions for Determining the Significance Region Using the Johnson-Neyman Type Procedure in Generalized Linear (Mixed) Models." Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 36, no. 6 (December 2011): 699–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1076998610396889.
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Researchers often compare the relationship between an outcome and covariate for two or more groups by evaluating whether the fitted regression curves differ significantly. When they do, researchers need to determine the “significance region,” or the values of the covariate where the curves significantly differ. In analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), the Johnson-Neyman procedure can be used to determine the significance region; for the hierarchical linear model (HLM), the Miyazaki and Maier (M-M) procedure has been suggested. However, neither procedure can assume nonnormally distributed data. Furthermore, the M-M procedure produces biased (downward) results because it uses the Wald test, does not control the inflated Type I error rate due to multiple testing, and requires implementing multiple software packages to determine the significance region. In this article, we address these limitations by proposing solutions for determining the significance region suitable for generalized linear (mixed) model (GLM or GLMM). These proposed solutions incorporate test statistics that resolve the biased results, control the Type I error rate using Scheffé’s method, and uses a single statistical software package to determine the significance region.
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Young, David A., Gary O. Zerbe, and William W. Hay. "Fieller's Theorem, Scheffe Simultaneous Confidence Intervals, and Ratios of Parameters of Linear and Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Models." Biometrics 53, no. 3 (September 1997): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2533546.
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Jindal, Sandeep, and Harpreet Singh. "Optimization of recycled slag-fresh flux mixture based upon weld bead quality for submerged arc welding of stainless steel." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2021-0002.
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Abstract Submerged arc welding (SAW) has been performed using slag-fresh flux mixture on duplex stainless steel plates. Experiments were performed by recycled slag-fresh flux mixtures with iron powder; iron powder is mixed to maintain and enhance the weld strength. The effect of composition variation of slag-fresh flux mixture on weld bead geometry parameters have been investigated quantitatively. Weld bead characteristics viz. bead width; bead height; penetration area; reinforcement area, form factor and dilution were observed by metallography operations for each experiment. For varying the composition of slag-fresh flux mixture, mixture design technique; Scheffe Quadratic Model (SQM) was used. Empirical relations were developed for weld bead characteristics in terms of fresh flux, slag and iron powder and statistically checked for significance. Finally, recycled slag-fresh flux composition was optimized using desirability approach.
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Einy, Sanaz, Mohammad Narimani, and Fariba Sadeghi Movahhed3. "Comparing the Effectiveness of Mentalization-Based Therapy and Cognitive-Analytic Therapy on Ego Strength and Defense Mechanisms in People With Borderline Personality Disorder." Quarterly of the Horizon of Medical Sciences 25, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/hms.25.4.324.
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Aims Mentalization-Based Therapy (MBT) and Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) are psychotherapy approaches offering specific methods for the treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Therefore, this study compared the effectiveness of MBT and CAT on improving the ego strength and defense mechanisms in people with BPD. Methods & Materials This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and a control group design and follow-up stage. In total, 40 men with BPD were selected by purposive sampling technique. The samples were selected from males admitted to Isar psychiatric Hospital and the psychiatric department of Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil City, Iran, in 2018. The samples were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group received 20 sessions of MBT, and the second experimental group received 16 sessions of CAT. To collect data, we used psychological inventory ego strength and defense styles questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using mixed model Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe posthoc test. Findings The collected results suggested that both interventions were effective in improving the ego strength and defense mechanisms of people with BPD (P<0.001). However, the effect of MBT on the overall score of the ego strength and the immature defenses was higher than that of the other intervention (P<0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in neurotic defense between the two interventions (P>0.05). Conclusion The present research results can support the use of these therapies as part of a non-pharmaceutical treatment program in different treatment centers or psychiatric hospitals.
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Chuenpraphanusorn, Teeradet, Prakit Bhulapatha, Jongkon Boonchart, Ongorn Snguanyat, Sarawut Combuathong, and Nipatchanok Natpinit. "The Development of the Creative Tourism’s Model within the Peranakan Culture in Andaman Folkway of Life at the Southern Part of Thailand beyond the Authenticity Trend: The Old Fashion Improve for the Modernization." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0053.
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Abstract The objectives of this research were 1) to study, collect, analyze, synthesize, and extract lessons learned from primary and secondary data of creative tourism and the principle of Authenticity Trend in the context of 5 Andaman provinces; 2) to study, explore, and collect the academic knowledge related to the Peranakan culture; 3) to search for some activities that are suitable for the context of creative tourism in 5 provinces (Ranong, Krabi, Pang-nga, Trang and Phuket); and 4) to develop and evaluate the creative tourism model. This research used a mixed method between the quantitative and qualitative. There were 2 sampling groups; A) the quantitative method was collected from Thai and foreign tourists in the amount of 800 persons and B) the qualitative method was also collected from the heads of the department, officers, professors who are related to the tourism in the amount of 9 persons and the community leaders, knowledgeable persons, and experts in the amount of 40 persons. The tools for gathering the quantitative data was a questionnaire with reliability in 0.95 and the structural interview from a qualitative method. Then the data were analyzed by the statistical in term of percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Scheffe method. The results were revealed that 1. In the quantitative data, the overall results were at a high level of demand as follows: A) the model should have a necessary information about creative tourism for a tourist in a high level of demand in 3.97; B) the trend for promoting the cultural tourism in 5 provinces should be following the principle of Authenticity Trend in a high level of demand in 3.96; C) the activities in promoting the creative tourism should be related with the Peranakan’s culture in a high level of demand in 3.98; D) the community should be participated in Peranakan’s cultural tourism development in a high level of demand in 4.02; and then E) it should have a form of cultural tourism management by the community with a high level of demand in 3.94. 2. In the qualitative research was found that the direction of the future of Peranakan cultural tourism should A) emphasize on the local wisdom, impression, appreciation, and awareness of the visitors; B) the community owners or the local wisdom teachers should present the knowledge by themselves; C) the government should promote the new concept of the creative tourism for Thai and foreign tourists in many ways; D) should have various methods and media to promote the ideas and attitude of the creative tourism (Peranakan culture) for the tourists; E) should have various presentation methods to build a confidence for tourists; and F) should establish or develop a fundamental information source or information center for tourists who are interested in traveling in 5 provinces of Peranakan culture 3. The model should consist of A) Input (many academic knowledge, such the recreational activities, the concept of creative tourism, and the knowledge of Peranakan culture) B) the Process (the cooperative network management between the government, private sector, and people in the form of Community Based Management) and C) Output (creative activities according to the integrated tourism between 3 concepts a) the creative tourism b) the Authenticity Trend and c) the Peranakan culture). 4. The hypothesis testing was found that the creative tourism model was in efficiency and good quality.
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Gu, Xiaoxue, Curt Doetkott, and Rhonda Magel. "A Simulation Study Using a Mixed Model Framework to Analyze the Impact of Sample Size and Variability on Type I Error." Asian Journal of Probability and Statistics, October 22, 2022, 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajpas/2022/v20i3428.
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Aims: This simulation study was conducted to check the validity of a MIXED model’s statistical inference when violating the underlying assumptions – normality of random errors when there are unbalanced group sizes and inequality of variance of errors [Scheffe, 1959].
Study Design: Monte Carlo Simulation Study.
Place and Duration of Study: North Dakota State University 2020-2021.
Methodology: Repeated measures designs (or longitudinal studies) are commonly seen in many research fields, especially in pharmaceutical clinical trials, agricultural research, and psychology. PROC MIXED (SAS Inc.) is a well-known standard tool for analyzing repeated measures data nowadays. The MIXED procedure is based on the standard linear MIXED model, which estimates parameters by maximizing the restricted likelihood. The usual assumption for a standard linear MIXED model is normality. However, the character of data in the real world may be non- smoothed, or non-symmetric, or having heavy tails. We estimate the Type I error rates in different combinations of settings and compare them with the stated Type I error.
Conclusion: The main results in this study show us that the MIXED model is reasonably robust to modest violations of the normal distribution. However, when a small sample size associated with a treatment was combined with the effects of that treatment having a large variance, a severe inflation problem on Type I error rates could occur when using the MIXED model procedure. When the Type I errors were found to be inflated, the Group= option was found to often help with this problem. A Sub-Sampling procedure was also found to help with this problem.
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Xiao, Feifei, Weidong Xu, Jun Liu, Heng Liu, Liyan Zhu, Qi Jia, Xin Yang, Zhou Yu, and Youbin Hao. "Multi-response mixture design applied for the formulation of a textile green camouflage ink with reproduction of a leaf green." Textile Research Journal, April 27, 2023, 004051752311717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405175231171717.
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This study establishes a proportioning model of green camouflage ink for textile screen printing to reproduce a leaf green using four high-performance inorganic pigment pastes: cobalt blue, chrome oxide green, chrome yellow, and iron red. In order to study the influence of four-color paste formulations on the camouflage performance of ink, a multi-response quadratic Scheffe mathematical model was established, and a total of 20 runs of color paste formulations were designed. Blending mixed color paste with water-based pure acrylic lotion, drying retarder, and thickener, the ink was then printed to the surface of the khaki camouflage decorative textile through screen printing. The spectral reflectance of the ink film was measured at 380∼1100 nm, and the response values were calculated. The regression model of each response was fitted using the least squares method. The model and verification experiments show that when the color paste formulation is 45.08% cobalt blue, 10.00% chrome green, 40.53% chrome yellow, and 4.39% iron red, the green camouflage ink match the leaf green well. The color difference between the green camouflage ink and the leaf green is less than 3, the reflectance ratio in the near-infrared and infrared bands is not less than 5, and the near-infrared brightness contrast with the leaf green is not more than 0.2. In addition, the green camouflage ink’s reflectivity is located in the leaf green hyperspectral channel.
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Ernawati, M. D. W., S. Sudarmin, A. Asrial, D. Muhammad, and H. Haryanto. "Creative Thinking of Chemistry and Chemistry Education Students in Biochemistry Learning through Problem Based Learing with Scaffolding Strategy." Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v11i2.33842.
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The purpose of this study was to describe students' creative thinking skills in a problem-based learning model with scaffolding in the Biochemistry course. This research is mixed method research with an explanatory sequential research design with a sample of 173 students from the study programs of Chemistry Education and Chemistry, Universitas Jambi. In this study, the researchers only used the experimental class. The sampling technique used is total sampling and purposive sampling. Data were collected using observation sheets, test instruments, interview instruments, and response questionnaires. Quantitative data analysis used is hypothesis testing in the form of ANOVA test with Post-Hoc Scheffe test and T-test. The findings of this study indicate that the ANOVA test results showed a significant difference in the average creative thinking (cognitive) test results and student response questionnaire results in scaffolding-based integrated biochemistry learning. In addition, there is also a significant effect between cognitive test results on student responses in scaffolding-based integrated biochemistry learning. So it can be concluded that there are differences in the creative thinking skills of chemistry education students and pure chemistry students in using scaffolding integrated problem-based learning models in Biochemistry courses.
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Putri, Titis Kusumaningrum Witdaryadi, and Darmiyati Zuchdi. "Keefektifan strategi pengajaran membaca resiprokal dan strategi berpikir terarah dalam pembelajaran pemahaman bacaan." LingTera 8, no. 1 (May 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/lt.v8i1.10464.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) keefektifan strategi pengajaran membaca resiprokal dan strategi berpikir terarah dan (2) strategi yang paling efektif di antara strategi pengajaran membaca resiprokal, strategi berpikir terarah, dan strategi konvensional. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (3) kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam menerapkan strategi pengajaran membaca resiprokal dan strategi berpikir terarah beserta solusi untuk mengatasi kendala. Penelitian ini merupakan metode penelitian kombinasi dengan model penelitian sequential explanatory design. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling dan cluster random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes, wawancara, dan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji analisis varians satu jalan yang dilanjutkan uji scheffe dengan taraf kesalahan 0,05. Penelitian kualitatif yang diterapkan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagai berikut. (1) Strategi pengajaran membaca resiprokal lebih efektif daripada strategi konvensional; strategi berpikir terarah lebih efektif daripada strategi konvensional. (2) Strategi pengajaran membaca resiprokal paling efektif daripada strategi berpikir terarah dan strategi konvensional. (3) Kendala dalam penerapan strategi pengajaran membaca resiprokal antara lain beberapa siswa masih kesulitan dalam membuat prediksi, pertanyaan, mengklarifikasi, dan meringkas; kendala dalam penerapan strategi berpikir terarah antara lain beberapa siswa masih kesulitan dalam membuat prediksi, kesalahan teknis dalam membaca, dan membuktikan prediksi. Guru mengatasi kendala tersebut dengan memberikan motivasi, contoh, dan arahan kepada siswa. The effectiveness of the reciprocal teaching and DRTA strategies in the learning of reading comprehension Abstract: This study aimed to 1) find out the effectiveness of the reciprocal teaching and DRTA strategies, (2) find out which strategy was the most effective among the reciprocal teaching, DRTA, and conventional strategies. In addition, this study aimed to (3) describe the constraints that the teacher faces in the application of the reciprocal teaching and DRTA strategies and the solutions to the constraints. This was a mixed-methods study using the sequential explanatory design. The sample was selected by means of the simple random sampling technique and the cluster random sampling technique. The data were collected through tests, interviews, and observations. The data analysis technique was the one-way analysis of variance continued by the Scheffer test at a significance level of 0.05. The qualitative study was the descriptive qualitative study. The results of the study are as follows. (1) The reciprocal teaching strategy is more effective than the conventional strategy; the DRTA strategy is more effective than the conventional strategy. (2) The reciprocal teaching strategy is the most effective than the DRTA strategy and conventional strategy. (3) The constraints in the application of the reciprocal teaching strategy are, among others, that the students still find it difficult to make predictions about questions, clarification, and summary; constraints in the application of the DRTA strategy are, among others, that the students still find it difficult to make predictions, there are technical mistakes in reading, and they find it difficult to prove predictions. The teacher deals with the constraints by giving motivation, examples, and directions to the students.
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Putri, Titis Kusumaningrum Witdaryadi. "KEEFEKTIFAN STRATEGI PENGAJARAN MEMBACA RESIPROKAL DAN STRATEGI BERPIKIR TERARAH DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PEMAHAMAN BACAAN PADA SISWA SMP." Diksi 25, no. 2 (March 13, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/diksi.v25i2.18861.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) keefektifan strategi pengajaran membaca resiprokal dan strategi berpikir terarah dan (2) strategi yang paling efektif di antara strategi pengajaran membaca resiprokal, strategi berpikir terarah, dan strategi konvensional. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (3) kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam menerapkan strategi pengajaran membaca resiprokal dan strategi berpikir terarah beserta solusi untuk mengatasi kendala. Penelitian ini merupakan metode penelitian kombinasi dengan model penelitian sequential explanatory design. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling dan cluster random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes, wawancara, dan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji analisis varians satu jalan yang dilanjutkan uji scheffe dengan taraf kesalahan 0,05. Penelitian kualitatif yang diterapkan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagai berikut. (1) Strategi pengajaran membaca resiprokal lebih efektif daripada strategi konvensional; strategi berpikir terarah lebih efektif daripada strategi konvensional. (2) Strategi pengajaran membaca resiprokal paling efektif daripada strategi berpikir terarah dan strategi konvensional. (3) Kendala dalam penerapan strategi pengajaran membaca resiprokal antara lain beberapa siswa masih kesulitan dalam membuat prediksi, pertanyaan, mengklarifikasi, dan meringkas; kendala dalam penerapan strategi berpikir terarah antara lain beberapa siswa masih kesulitan dalam membuat prediksi, kesalahan teknis dalam membaca, dan membuktikan prediksi. Guru mengatasi kendala tersebut dengan memberikan motivasi, contoh, dan arahan kepada siswa.Kata Kunci: strategi pengajaran membaca resiprokal, strategi berpikir terarah, pemahaman bacaan THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE RECIPROCAL TEACHING AND DRTA STRATEGIES IN THE LEARNING OF READING COMPREHENSION FOR STUDENTS OF JHSS ABSTRACTThis study aimed to: 1) find out the effectiveness of the reciprocal teaching and DRTA strategies, (2) find out which strategy was the most effective among the reciprocal teaching, DRTA, and conventional strategies. In addition, this study aimed to (3) describe the constraints that the teacher faces in the application of the reciprocal teaching and DRTA strategies and the solutions to the constraints. This was a mixed methods study using the sequential explanatory design. The sample was selected by means of the simple random sampling technique and the cluster random sampling technique. The data were collected through tests, interviews, and observations. The data analysis technique was the one-way analysis of variance continued by the scheffe test at a significance level of 0.05. The qualitative study was the descriptive qualitative study. The results of the study are as follows. (1) The reciprocal teaching strategy is more effective than the conventional strategy; the DRTA strategy is more effective than the conventional strategy. (2) The reciprocal teaching strategy is the most effective than the DRTA strategy and conventional strategy. (3) The constraints in the application of the reciprocal teaching strategy are, among others, that the students still find it difficult to make predictions about questions, clarification, and summary; constraints in the application of the DRTA strategy are, among others, that the students still find it difficult to make predictions, there are technical mistakes in reading, and they find it difficult to prove predictions. The teacher deals with the constraints by giving motivation, examples, and directions to the students.Keywords: reciprocal teaching strategy, DRTA strategy, reading comprehension
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Huang, Ruiyin, Mingyang Zhang, Linjie Huang, Zilong Chen, Yong Mo, and Yuhua Gao. "Effects of lower-extremity explosive strength on youth judo athletes adopting different types of power-based resistance training." Frontiers in Physiology 14 (March 15, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1065036.
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Objective: The present study compared the effects of two different resistance types (pneumatic resistance and free weight) of 6-week squat training on the performance for young female judo athletes in linear speed and vertical jump by utilizing the maximum power of each set of squats in each training session as the monitoring vehicle. Monitoring data were used to assess the effects and trends of the two resistance types on 70% 1RM weight-bearing during the 6-week intervention training.Methods: In a 6 weeks squat training (2 reps/week with a constant load), 23 adolescent female judo athletes (Age span: 13–16 years, 14.58 ± 0.96) were randomly selected and then divided into the traditional barbell (FW) group (n = 12) and the pneumatic resistance (PN) (n = 11) group according to different resistance types (free weight and pneumatic resistance), with 10 in FW group and 9 in PN group actually completed the study. Before and after training, the 30-m Sprint time (T-30M), vertical jump height and relative power (countermovement jump, static-squat jump, and drop jump), reactive strength index (DJ-RSI), and maximal strength were assessed. One-Way ANOVA was used to examine the pre-test differences of groups (FW and PN). A 2-factor mixed-model analysis of variance was used to examine the independent effects of group (FW and PN) and time (pre and post) on each dependent measure. Scheffe post hoc comparisons were used to examine the differences. Pre- and post-experimental differences between the two groups were analyzed using independent samples t-tests and magnitude-based inferences (MBI) derived from their p values, and effect statistics were applied to compare the pre- and post-changes exhibited by each group to identify the potential beneficiary groups.Results: The PN group outperformed the FW group in terms of maximal power output per training session (822.5 ± 55.22 vs. 927.42 ± 48.15, conventional vs. pneumatic, p < 0.001, effect size = −2.02). After 6 weeks of training, the FW group showed significant increases in vertical jump height and relative strength (CMJ, SJ, DJ), with no significant gains observed in T-30 and maximal strength. The PN group showed significant improvements in maximal strength; however, no significant improvements were observed in the other tests. In addition, there was no significant difference in DJ-RSI between the two groups before and after training.Discussion: At 70% weight bearing, free weight resistance appears to be more conducive to vertical jump growth, while pneumatic resistance appears to be more conducive to maximal strength gains; however, the maximal strength gains from pneumatic resistance may not be well applied to athletic performance. In addition, the body adapts more quickly to pneumatic resistance than to free weight resistance.