Academic literature on the topic 'Scheffe’s mixed model'

Abstract The development of inhibitory antibodies to factor VIII or factor IX is the most serious complication of replacement therapy for people with hemophilia. Inhibitors decrease effectiveness of treatment, increasing risk of morbidity including bleeding frequency and arthropathy, and mortality. The current study examined the association between history of inhibitors and physical growth measured by skeletal maturation (bone age, BA) in participants enrolled in the longitudinal Hemophilia Growth and Development Study (HGDS). The HGDS is a population-based multicenter study of children and adolescents enrolled between 1989 and 1990. Participants not skeletally mature (n=306) were included in this investigation. Their mean age was 12, range 7–18 years. Seventy-five percent had severe hemophilia, 19% moderate, and 6% mild. Eighteen percent (n=54) had a history of inhibitors, with maximum lifetime Bethesda titers ranging from 1 to 2048. In general, HGDS participants received on-demand therapy prior to and during study follow-up. Skeletal maturation was determined centrally from x-rays of the hand-wrist according to the Fels method. Readers were masked to the clinical status of participants. Growth delay was defined as chronological age (age) minus BA and modelled using a longitudinal mixed effects polynomial model including age, race, HIV and inhibitor status, and their interactions. P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using Scheffe’s method. At every year evaluated (10 through 16), growth delay was greater among HIV-negative subjects with a history of inhibitors compared to HIV-negative subjects without inhibitors (p-values ranged from 0.042 to 0.12). The greatest differences, 9 to 10 months, were observed during the period of expected maximum growth velocity, 12 through 14 years of age (all p<0.05). At ages 15 and 16, subjects with inhibitors lagged approximately 9 months behind those without inhibitors in their skeletal maturation (p=0.067 and 0.12). The predicted BA of HIV-negative adolescents without inhibitors was quite similar to age during this period. At 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 years, they were 11.9, 13.1, 14.3, 15.4, and 16.4 respectively. Previous investigations from the HGDS have reported delays in skeletal maturation associated with HIV. In this study, delays were greater among HIV-positive subjects with an inhibitor compared to HIV-positive subjects without an inhibitor at every age, but perhaps due to intervening effects of HIV, the differences were generally small (1 to 2 months) and not statistically significant. In conclusion, the differences in bone age relative to chronological age between the HIV-negative groups suggest that a history of inhibitors is associated with delays in onset of puberty. Further investigation of this association and other growth parameters is a priority. If confirmed, the observation has important clinical, epidemiologic and therapeutic implications for the children and adolescents most severely impacted by hemophilia.

Through the single center of gravity mixture experiment design, the thermogravimetric combustion experiments of the cotton, easy chopsticks, food bags and its mixed components were done. Then the combustion characteristics curves of thermogravimetric and thermogravimetric differntial, and each group point average activation energy were obtained by above experiments. Using three Scheffe polynomial and the average activation energy of each waste component combustion, we get the activation energy calculation empirical formula of mixed waste combustion empirical formula. Through the three vertices of gravity method mixed waste combustion test, the experimental results of mixed waste activation energy fit well with the activation energy calculated from empirical formula. The activation energy calculated from empirical formula is correct, therefore, can be used to calculate the empirical formula derived from mixed waste activation energy. Application of this method has important guiding significance to the design of waste incinerator actually works and the waste combustion adjust.

The use of Almond leaf-ash for stabilization purposes has not been given consideration. This paper was thus aimed at evaluating the characteristics of almond leaf-ash for the essence of stabilizing lateritic soil. Sourced lateritic soil was divided into 3 components (unmodified soil sample, cement stabilized soil sample and almond leaf-ash cement stabilized soil sample). Almond leaves were calcined at 250°C and subjected to granulation process. Preliminary tests such as; sieve analysis, Atterberg’s limit and specific gravity tests were done on the unmodified soil sample for the purpose of classification. CBR tests were performed on the cement stabilized soil sample and on the almond leaf-ash cement stabilized lateritic soil sample. A model was developed using the Scheffe’s simplex theory with the cement component fixed at 10% of the dry lateritic soil. Results revealed that the soil was observed to be a Silty Clay soil (A-4) with Plasticity index of 9.24%, therefore requiring stabilization. CBR results for the developed trial mixes were greater than the 15.20% obtained for 10% cement stabilization showing that Almond leaf-ash significantly improved the CBR of the cement stabilized lateritic soil. The CBR model developed for the Almond leaf-ash cement soil also proved adequate from the verification test conducted using χ2 statistics. Keywords: Almond Leaf Ash, stabilization, California Bearing Ratio, Scheffe’s theory, lateritic soil.

The paper examined the cost benefit of optimized five-component-concrete mix. Mound Soil randomly selected from Iyeke-Ogba in Benin City was used as a case study of a fifth component in the concrete mix. The work applied Scheffe’s optimization technique to obtain concrete mix proportions. A mathematical model for the optimizing concrete of five components namely; cement, fine aggregate, mound soil, coarse aggregates and water/cement (w/c) ratio, was developed. Cube samples measuring 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were made with the developed mixes and compared with the results of a standard 1:2:4 mix. The samples were tested at 7, 14 and 28 days for compressive strength. The costs of producing a unit volume of the concretes were determined and compared. The results showed that the standard mix gave a 28th day maximum strength of at a w/c of 0.5 and the theoretically optimized design mix gave a mix proportion of 1.00:1.59:0.46:3.34:0.53 and a compressive strength of. This mix was tested experimentally and it gave, representing an increase of 15.33%. The cost benefit analysis showed that Scheffe’s optimized mound soil concrete, MSC was 15% more economical than the standard mix plain concrete.

Researchers often compare the relationship between an outcome and covariate for two or more groups by evaluating whether the fitted regression curves differ significantly. When they do, researchers need to determine the “significance region,” or the values of the covariate where the curves significantly differ. In analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), the Johnson-Neyman procedure can be used to determine the significance region; for the hierarchical linear model (HLM), the Miyazaki and Maier (M-M) procedure has been suggested. However, neither procedure can assume nonnormally distributed data. Furthermore, the M-M procedure produces biased (downward) results because it uses the Wald test, does not control the inflated Type I error rate due to multiple testing, and requires implementing multiple software packages to determine the significance region. In this article, we address these limitations by proposing solutions for determining the significance region suitable for generalized linear (mixed) model (GLM or GLMM). These proposed solutions incorporate test statistics that resolve the biased results, control the Type I error rate using Scheffé’s method, and uses a single statistical software package to determine the significance region.

Abstract Submerged arc welding (SAW) has been performed using slag-fresh flux mixture on duplex stainless steel plates. Experiments were performed by recycled slag-fresh flux mixtures with iron powder; iron powder is mixed to maintain and enhance the weld strength. The effect of composition variation of slag-fresh flux mixture on weld bead geometry parameters have been investigated quantitatively. Weld bead characteristics viz. bead width; bead height; penetration area; reinforcement area, form factor and dilution were observed by metallography operations for each experiment. For varying the composition of slag-fresh flux mixture, mixture design technique; Scheffe Quadratic Model (SQM) was used. Empirical relations were developed for weld bead characteristics in terms of fresh flux, slag and iron powder and statistically checked for significance. Finally, recycled slag-fresh flux composition was optimized using desirability approach.

Aims Mentalization-Based Therapy (MBT) and Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) are psychotherapy approaches offering specific methods for the treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Therefore, this study compared the effectiveness of MBT and CAT on improving the ego strength and defense mechanisms in people with BPD. Methods & Materials This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and a control group design and follow-up stage. In total, 40 men with BPD were selected by purposive sampling technique. The samples were selected from males admitted to Isar psychiatric Hospital and the psychiatric department of Fatemi Hospital in Ardabil City, Iran, in 2018. The samples were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group received 20 sessions of MBT, and the second experimental group received 16 sessions of CAT. To collect data, we used psychological inventory ego strength and defense styles questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using mixed model Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe posthoc test. Findings The collected results suggested that both interventions were effective in improving the ego strength and defense mechanisms of people with BPD (P<0.001). However, the effect of MBT on the overall score of the ego strength and the immature defenses was higher than that of the other intervention (P<0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in neurotic defense between the two interventions (P>0.05). Conclusion The present research results can support the use of these therapies as part of a non-pharmaceutical treatment program in different treatment centers or psychiatric hospitals.

Abstract The objectives of this research were 1) to study, collect, analyze, synthesize, and extract lessons learned from primary and secondary data of creative tourism and the principle of Authenticity Trend in the context of 5 Andaman provinces; 2) to study, explore, and collect the academic knowledge related to the Peranakan culture; 3) to search for some activities that are suitable for the context of creative tourism in 5 provinces (Ranong, Krabi, Pang-nga, Trang and Phuket); and 4) to develop and evaluate the creative tourism model. This research used a mixed method between the quantitative and qualitative. There were 2 sampling groups; A) the quantitative method was collected from Thai and foreign tourists in the amount of 800 persons and B) the qualitative method was also collected from the heads of the department, officers, professors who are related to the tourism in the amount of 9 persons and the community leaders, knowledgeable persons, and experts in the amount of 40 persons. The tools for gathering the quantitative data was a questionnaire with reliability in 0.95 and the structural interview from a qualitative method. Then the data were analyzed by the statistical in term of percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Scheffe method. The results were revealed that 1. In the quantitative data, the overall results were at a high level of demand as follows: A) the model should have a necessary information about creative tourism for a tourist in a high level of demand in 3.97; B) the trend for promoting the cultural tourism in 5 provinces should be following the principle of Authenticity Trend in a high level of demand in 3.96; C) the activities in promoting the creative tourism should be related with the Peranakan’s culture in a high level of demand in 3.98; D) the community should be participated in Peranakan’s cultural tourism development in a high level of demand in 4.02; and then E) it should have a form of cultural tourism management by the community with a high level of demand in 3.94. 2. In the qualitative research was found that the direction of the future of Peranakan cultural tourism should A) emphasize on the local wisdom, impression, appreciation, and awareness of the visitors; B) the community owners or the local wisdom teachers should present the knowledge by themselves; C) the government should promote the new concept of the creative tourism for Thai and foreign tourists in many ways; D) should have various methods and media to promote the ideas and attitude of the creative tourism (Peranakan culture) for the tourists; E) should have various presentation methods to build a confidence for tourists; and F) should establish or develop a fundamental information source or information center for tourists who are interested in traveling in 5 provinces of Peranakan culture 3. The model should consist of A) Input (many academic knowledge, such the recreational activities, the concept of creative tourism, and the knowledge of Peranakan culture) B) the Process (the cooperative network management between the government, private sector, and people in the form of Community Based Management) and C) Output (creative activities according to the integrated tourism between 3 concepts a) the creative tourism b) the Authenticity Trend and c) the Peranakan culture). 4. The hypothesis testing was found that the creative tourism model was in efficiency and good quality.