Journal articles on the topic 'Scent stimuli'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Scent stimuli.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Scent stimuli.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Biswas, Dipayan, and Courtney Szocs. "The Smell of Healthy Choices: Cross-Modal Sensory Compensation Effects of Ambient Scent on Food Purchases." Journal of Marketing Research 56, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243718820585.
Full textAbstract:
Managers are using ambient scent as an important strategic element in various service settings, with food-related scents being especially common. This research examines the effects of food-related ambient scents on children’s and adults’ food purchases/choices. The results of a series of experiments, including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria, show that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to an indulgent food–related ambient scent (e.g., cookie scent) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with no ambient scent or a nonindulgent food–related ambient scent (e.g., strawberry scent). The effects seem to be driven by cross-modal sensory compensation, whereby prolonged exposure to an indulgent/rewarding food scent induces pleasure in the reward circuitry, which in turn diminishes the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods. Notably, the effects reverse with brief (<30 seconds) exposure to the scent. Whereas prior research has examined cross-modal effects, this research adopts the novel approach of examining cross-modal sensory compensation effects, whereby stimuli in one sensory modality (olfactory) can compensate/satisfy the desire related to another sensory modality (gustatory).
2
Jacques, Ryan J., Joshua M. Kapfer, and B. D. Eshelman. "Lack of Response to Olfactory Lures Among Mammals in Riparian Habitat in Southern Wisconsin." Canadian Field-Naturalist 130, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v130i1.1785.
Full textAbstract:
Non-invasive mammal surveys often employ olfactory stimuli on the assumption that they will attract mammals and increase the success of monitoring projects. However, information on the effectiveness of scent lures is variable and often relies on data generated from mammal tracks or sign, which can be challenging to quantify. Therefore, we sought to determine whether certain olfactory stimuli are more effective than others at eliciting a response from mammals along riparian corridors in Southern Wisconsin, using camera traps to monitor response to four scents and a control of de-ionized water. We recorded the number of times each species responded as well as the length of time spent investigating scents (Muskrat gland, mink gland, Red fox urine, crayfish oil) and the control. We recorded 2812 passes by 16 mammal species during our 12-month study, with Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana), Woodchuck (Marmota monax), Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), Eastern Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Coyote (Canis latrans), and White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)observed on cameras most frequently. However, 72% of observations involved mammals passing through without investigating any scents or the control, and among the 28% of observations where mammals did investigate, we found no significant differences in their response to specific scents or the control or in response by season. Further analysis revealed no significant differences in the time mammals spent investigating individual scents or the control. The lack of response suggests that factors other than scent may have attracted wildlife to our stations. Although under some circumstances olfactory attractants may increase the level of response to monitoring stations, we suggest that attraction to our stations was largely a behavioural response to novel stimuli in the environment.
3
Harris, Charles E., and Frederick F. Knowlton. "Differential responses of coyotes to novel stimuli in familiar and unfamiliar settings." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 2005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-163.
Full textAbstract:
We studied behavioral responses of captive and wild coyotes (Canis latrans) toward novel objects and artificial scent stations to determine how they might respond to novel stimuli used in coyote management and research. When captive coyotes encountered novel stimuli in unfamiliar surroundings they showed little avoidance, while the same stimuli caused avoidance and neophobic reactions among coyotes when encountered in familiar surroundings. In the field phase of the study, radio-collared coyotes in southern Texas were intensively monitored in order to relate space-use patterns to the locations where these coyotes were exposed to artificial scent stations. Coyotes were more likely to respond to and score (record visits by leaving tracks) at artificial scent stations when these were encountered outside or on the periphery of their home areas than when they were encountered within their home area. This suggests that indices of coyote abundance that employ responses to novel situations may more readily record coyotes that are outside the central portions of their home areas and that transient or dispersing coyotes are more likely to be "counted" than residents.
4
Van Niekerk, Chantel, and RH Goldberg. "The Influence of Scent Marketing on Consumers' Approach and Avoidance Behaviour in the High-End Fashion Industry." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2021-0024.
Full textAbstract:
Existing literature falls short in that it fails to directly recognise the potential that lies within scent marketing and its influence on consumers’ behaviour, especially in high-end fashion stores. The study aimed to explore the influence of scent marketing on consumers’ approach and avoidance behaviour in the high-end fashion industry. The study was qualitative in nature and followed an exploratory research design. A non-probability snowball sampling method was used to recruit participants. Data was collected by means of three focus group sessions. The collected data was analysed by using the Morse and Field approach, and by making use of ATLAS.ti qualitative data analysis software. SPSS software was also used to analyse the demographic results. The results indicate that consumers’ response stimuli often depend on emotional stimuli they experience, which will lead to an approach or avoidance response. Scent marketing can boost approach behaviour, if implemented correctly. Based on the results, it is recommended that retail stores, more specifically high-end fashion stores, should make use of scent marketing to attract consumers to the store, keep them browsing for longer periods, enhance purchases and make them feel comfortable. Scent can have a positive influence on consumer’s evaluations, reactions and the intention to visit and revisit a store. This can result in consumers spending more time and money in the store. Furthermore, if scent marketing is implemented correctly, it could also boost brand identity and create a competitive advantage for that specific store. Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
5
Lin, Meng-Hsien (Jenny), Samantha N. N. Cross, and Terry L. Childers. "Understanding olfaction and emotions and the moderating role of individual differences." European Journal of Marketing 52, no. 3/4 (April 9, 2018): 811–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-05-2015-0284.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the mediating role of emotions in processing scent information in consumer research, using event-related potential (ERP)-based neuroscience methods, while considering individual differences in sense of smell. Design/methodology/approach Prior research on olfaction and emotions in marketing has revealed mixed findings on the relationship between olfaction and emotion. The authors review earlier studies and present a neuroscience experiment demonstrating the benefits of ERP methods in studying the automatic processing of emotions. Findings Results demonstrate how emotional processes occurring within 1s of stimulus exposure differ across individuals with varying olfactory abilities. Findings reveal an automatic suppression mechanism for individuals sensitive to smell. Research limitations/implications Scent-induced emotions demonstrated through the use of ERP-based methods provide insights for understanding automatic emotional processes and reactions to ambient scents by consumers in the marketplace. Practical implications Findings show an automatic suppression of emotions triggered by scent in individuals sensitive to smell. Marketers and retailers should consider such reactions when evaluating the use of olfactory stimuli in promotional and retail strategies. Originality/value The authors review past literature and provide an explanation for the disparate findings in the olfaction–emotion linkage, by studying individual differences in response to scent in the marketplace. This is one of the first papers in marketing to introduce the application of ERP in studying consumer-relevant behavior and provide technical and marketing-specific considerations for both academic and market researchers.
6
Becker, Nancy, Catherine Chambliss, Cathy Marsh, and Roberta Montemayor. "Effects of Mellow and Frenetic Music and Stimulating and Relaxing Scents on Walking by Seniors." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 2 (April 1995): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.2.411.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has yielded an inconclusive picture of the effects of music and scent on walking. Few laboratory studies have detected a beneficial effect of music; olfactory research has shown performance is positively affected for repetitive tasks but not yet on walking. The influence of these two types of stimuli in efficiency of exercise among seniors was assessed by measuring distance walked on an indoor course. Using a 3 × 3 factorial design [mellow music in 4:4 time, frenetic music in 2:8 time, and white noise by stimulating, relaxing, and control scent conditions], each of 20 volunteers from a senior center received nine randomized, 90-sec. exercise trials. Walking distance was reduced by mellow music but unaffected by stimulating music; there was no effect of scent.
7
Drea, Christine M., Sacha N. Vignieri, H. Sharon Kim, Mary L. Weldele, and Stephen E. Glickman. "Responses to olfactory stimuli in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuts): II. Discrimination of conspecific scent." Journal of Comparative Psychology 116, no. 4 (2002): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.116.4.342.
Full text
8
Windberg, Lamar A. "Coyote responses to visual and olfactory stimuli related to familiarity with an area." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 2248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-255.
Full textAbstract:
Individual coyotes (Canis latrans) are infrequently captured within their familiar areas of activity. Current hypotheses are that the differential capture vulnerability may involve neophobia or inattentiveness. To assess the effect of familiarity, I measured coyote responsiveness to sensory cues encountered in familiar and novel settings. Seventy-four captive coyotes were presented with visual and olfactory stimuli in familiar and unfamiliar 1-ha enclosures. The visual stimuli were black or white wooden cubes of three sizes (4, 8, and 16 cm per side). The olfactory stimuli were fatty acid scent, W-U lure (trimethylammonium decanoate plus sulfide additives), and coyote urine and liquefied feces. Overall, coyotes were more responsive to stimuli during exploration in unfamiliar than in familiar enclosures. None of 38 coyotes that responded were neophobic toward the olfactory stimuli. The frequency of coyote response, and the resulting degrees of neophobia, did not differ between the black and white visual stimuli. Regardless of context, the largest visual stimuli were recognized at the greatest distance and evoked the strongest neophobic response. A greater proportion of coyotes were neophobic toward the small and medium-sized stimuli in familiar than in unfamiliar enclosures. This study demonstrated that when encountered in familiar environments, visual cues are more likely to elicit neophobic responses by coyotes than are olfactory stimuli.
9
Martín, José, and Pilar López. "Scent may signal fighting ability in male Iberian rock lizards." Biology Letters 3, no. 2 (January 24, 2007): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0589.
Full textAbstract:
Intrasexual competition favours the evolution of conspicuous fighting ability badges. However, in spite of the fact that chemoreception is important in sexual selection of many animals, such as lizards, the role of chemical signals in males' contests is relatively unknown. Here, we show that proportions of cholesterol in femoral gland secretions of male Iberian rock lizards were related to their body size (which confers a competitive advantage in fights). Males discriminated chemically and responded aggressively to cholesterol stimuli presented on swabs. Moreover, we experimentally increased cholesterol in the scent of males, and staged encounters in neutral cages between two unfamiliar and size-matched males. Focal males lost more agonisitic interactions against males manipulated with cholesterol than in control tests. We suggest that differences in scent composition may reliably signal fighting ability in many lizard species, which would help to avoid the costs of fighting.
10
Pulliainen, Unni, Nick Bos, Patrizia d’Ettorre, and Liselotte Sundström. "The Scent of Ant Brood: Caste Differences in Surface Hydrocarbons of Formica exsecta Pupae." Journal of Chemical Ecology 47, no. 6 (April 26, 2021): 513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-021-01275-w.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractChemical communication is common across all organisms. Insects in particular use predominantly chemical stimuli in assessing their environment and recognizing their social counterparts. One of the chemical stimuli used for recognition in social insects, such as ants, is the suite of long-chain, cuticular hydrocarbons. In addition to providing waterproofing, these surface hydrocarbons serve as a signature mixture, which ants can perceive, and use to distinguish between strangers and colony mates, and to determine caste, sex, and reproductive status of another individual. They can be both environmentally and endogenously acquired. The surface chemistry of adult workers has been studied extensively in ants, yet the pupal stage has rarely been considered. Here we characterized the surface chemistry of pupae of Formica exsecta, and examine differences among sexes, castes (reproductive vs. worker), and types of sample (developing individual vs. cocoon envelope). We found quantitative and qualitative differences among both castes and types of sample, but male and female reproductives did not differ in their surface chemistry. We also found that the pupal surface chemistry was more complex than that of adult workers in this species. These results improve our understanding of the information on which ants base recognition, and highlights the diversity of surface chemistry in social insects across developmental stages.
11
Hovis, Nicole, Paul Sheehe, and Theresa White. "Scent of a Woman—Or Man: Odors Influence Person Knowledge." Brain Sciences 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070955.
Full textAbstract:
First impressions of social traits are regularly, rapidly, and readily determined from limited information about another individual. Relatively little is known about the way that olfactory information, particularly from scents that are not body odors, alters a first impression. Can the attributes of an odorant be conferred onto a person associated with that scent? To explore this, 101 participants were asked to form an impression of a hypothetical person based on the following stimuli: A gender-neutral silhouette, a list of six personal characteristics, and one of five odorants. Participants then rated the likelihood that the hypothetical person possessed each of 51 personality traits that were determined a priori as falling into six attribute categories. Participants also directly rated all odorants for the six categories and intensity. A T-test showed that ratings of the hypothetical person were less disparate from the odor that was presented during impression formation than from other odors. ANOVA revealed that the effects were heterogeneous, with odorants varying in their effectiveness in associating the hypothetical person with categories. The present data suggest that a hypothetical person can be imbued with the specific attributes of an odor and that some odors are better at contributing to impressions than others.
12
Cunningham, Gregory B., Richard W. Van Buskirk, Mark J. Hodges, and Gabrielle A. Nevitt. "Responses of common diving petrel chicks (Pelecanoides urinatrix) to burrow and colony specific odours in a simple wind tunnel." Antarctic Science 24, no. 4 (March 6, 2012): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102012000168.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractResearchers have previously assumed that common diving petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix) have a limited sense of smell since they have relatively small olfactory bulbs. A recent study, however, showed that adult diving petrels prefer the scent of their own burrow compared to burrows of other diving petrels, implying that personal scents contribute to the burrow's odour signature. Because diving petrels appear to be adapted to use olfaction in social contexts, they could be a useful model for investigating how chemically mediated social recognition develops in birds. A first step is to determine whether diving petrel chicks can detect familiar and unfamiliar odours. We compared behavioural responses of chicks to three natural stimuli in a wind tunnel: soil collected from their burrow or colony, and a blank control. During portions of the experiment, chicks turned the least and walked the shortest distances in response to odours from the nest, which is consistent with their sedentary behaviour within the burrow. By contrast, behaviours linked to olfactory search increased when chicks were exposed to blank controls. These results suggest that common diving petrel chicks can detect natural olfactory stimuli before fledging, and lay the foundation for future studies on the role of olfaction in social contexts for this species.
13
Yoshida, Mina, Yuki Itoh, Hisashi Ômura, Kentaro Arikawa, and Michiyo Kinoshita. "Plant scents modify innate colour preference in foraging swallowtail butterflies." Biology Letters 11, no. 7 (July 2015): 20150390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0390.
Full textAbstract:
Flower-visiting insects exhibit innate preferences for particular colours. A previous study demonstrated that naive Papilio xuthus females prefer yellow and red, whereas males are more attracted to blue. Here, we demonstrate that the innate colour preference can be modified by olfactory stimuli in a sexually dimorphic manner. Naive P. xuthus were presented with four coloured discs: blue, green, yellow and red. The innate colour preference (i.e. the colour first landed on) of the majority of individuals was blue. When scent from essential oils of either orange flower or lily was introduced to the room, females’ tendency to select the red disc increased. Scents of lavender and flowering potted Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, however , were less effective. Interestingly, the odour of the non-flowering larval host plant, Citrus unshiu , shifted the preference to green in females. In males, however, all plant scents were less effective than in females, such that blue was always the most favoured colour. These observations indicate that interactions between visual and olfactory cues play a more prominent role in females.
14
Cabido, Carlos, Adega Gonzalo, Pedro Galán, José Martín, and Pilar López. "Chemosensory predator recognition induces defensive behavior in the slow-worm (Anguis fragilis)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-023.
Full textAbstract:
Many antipredator adaptations are induced or mediated by the ability of the prey to recognize chemical cues from the predator. This ability is particularly advantageous for organisms whose environment precludes the effective use of other sensory systems, such as fossorial lizards. We tested the ability of the slow-worm, Anguis fragilis Linnaeus, 1758, a semifossorial legless lizard, to detect and discriminate chemical stimuli arising from potential predators. We compared rates of tongue-flicks to swabs impregnated with scents from the smooth snake (Coronella austriaca Laurenti, 1768), a sympatric predator, the grass snake (Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758)), a sympatric but non-saurophagous predator, and the three-toed skink (Chalcides striatus (Cuvier, 1829)), a sympatric insectivorous, and thus innocuous, skink. Differential tongue-flick rates suggest that scents of smooth snakes were recognized by slow-worms. Moreover, scents of smooth snakes were quickly avoided and elicited defensive behaviors much more often than any other scent, suggesting that chemical cues are a reliable means of assessing the snake's presence. These chemosensory capacities would be evolutionarily advantageous to avoid predation by snakes and are likely to represent a component of the suite of adaptations associated with low-visibility habitats.
15
Vos, Martijn C., Mirjam Galetzka, Mark P. Mobach, Mark van Hagen, and Ad T. H. Pruyn. "Cleanliness unravelled: a review and integration of literature." Journal of Facilities Management 16, no. 4 (September 3, 2018): 429–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfm-06-2017-0025.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic literature review on stimulus, organism and response variables related to actual and perceived cleanliness and develop a conceptual framework to encourage future research on cleanliness. Design/methodology/approach The PRISMA statement methodology for systematic literature review was applied. After analysing 926 articles, 46 articles were included and reviewed. Findings Stimulus, organism and response variables related to cleanliness were identified and integrated in a conceptual framework. A distinction was made between articles evaluating the relationship between stimulus and organism variables; stimulus and response variables; and organism and response variables. First, actual cleanliness, staff behaviour, condition of the environment, scent and the appearance of the physical environment were identified as stimuli variables influencing perceived cleanliness and service quality. Second, the presence of litter, behaviour and presence of others, scent, disorder, availability of trash cans and informational strategies were identified as stimuli affecting littering and other kinds of unethical behaviour. Third, the effect of perceived cleanliness (and other organism variables) on satisfaction, approach behaviours, physical activity and pro-social behaviour was registered. Practical implications The findings of this review allow in-house and corporate facility managers to better understand and identify most effective interventions positively influencing actual and perceived cleanliness. Originality/value No systematic literature review on antecedents and consequences of a clean environment has previously been conducted.
16
Vergara, Rodrigo C., Alejandra Torres-Araneda, Diego A. Villagra, Robert A. Raguso, Mary T. K. Arroyo, and Cristian A. Villagra. "Are eavesdroppers multimodal? Sensory exploitation of floral signals by a non-native cockroach Blatta orientalis." Current Zoology 57, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.2.162.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The study of multi-modal communication has only recently been extended to innate and learned interactions between flowers and their animal visitors, and usually only to pollinators. Here we studied the relevance of floral scent and visual display of a night blooming, putatively hawkmoth-pollinated plant Oenothera acaulis (Onagraceae) in the attraction of non-native cockroaches Blatta orientalis (Blattodea: Blattidae), which function as facultative floral larcenists in coastal habitats of central Chile. We experimentally decoupled visual (corolla) and olfactory (fragrance) stimuli by presenting paper corollas and green mesh bags, with or without a freshly-picked natural flower inside. We then contrasted the behavioral responses of roaches in these treatments with those to the natural combination of traits in actual flowers and their respective control treatments, measuring the roaches’ frequency of first visits, mean and total residence time spent in each treatment. The roaches primarily used olfactory cues when approaching O. acaulis flowers at two biologically relevant spatial scales. In addition, the presence of conspecific roaches had a strong influence on recruitment to the experimental arena, increasing the statistical differences among treatments. Our results suggest a primacy of floral fragrance over visual stimuli in the foraging responses of B. orientalis. Olfactory cues were necessary and sufficient to attract the roaches, and the visual cues presented in our manipulations only marginally increased their attraction within a 20 cm diameter of the stimulus. The full spectrum of floral visitation behavior was not elicited by the artificial flowers, suggesting the need for additional tactile or contact chemosensory stimuli not provided by paper. Although the nitrogenous scent compounds that we found in O. acaulis flowers are almost exclusively found in hawkmoth-pollinated flowers, the attractiveness of these compounds to a non-native, facultative flower-visiting insect indicates that they do not function as pollinator-specific signals for hawkmoth attraction.
17
Ischer, Matthieu, Géraldine Coppin, Axel De Marles, Myriam Essellier, Christelle Porcherot, Isabelle Cayeux, Christian Margot, David Sander, and Sylvain Delplanque. "Exogenous capture of visual spatial attention by olfactory-trigeminal stimuli." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 10, 2021): e0252943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252943.
Full textAbstract:
The extent to which a nasal whiff of scent can exogenously orient visual spatial attention remains poorly understood in humans. In a series of seven studies, we investigated the existence of an exogenous capture of visual spatial attention by purely trigeminal (i.e., CO2) and both olfactory and trigeminal stimuli (i.e., eucalyptol). We chose these stimuli because they activate the trigeminal system which can be considered as an alert system and are thus supposedly relevant for the individual, and thus prone to capture attention. We used them as lateralized cues in a variant of a visual spatial cueing paradigm. In valid trials, trigeminal cues and visual targets were presented on the same side whereas in invalid trials they were presented on opposite sides. To characterize the dynamics of the cross-modal attentional capture, we manipulated the interval between the onset of the trigeminal cues and the visual targets (from 580 to 1870 ms). Reaction times in trigeminal valid trials were shorter than all other trials, but only when this interval was around 680 or 1170 ms for CO2 and around 610 ms for eucalyptol. This result reflects that both pure trigeminal and olfactory-trigeminal stimuli can exogenously capture humans’ spatial visual attention. We discuss the importance of considering the dynamics of this cross-modal attentional capture.
18
Li, Benjamin J., and Jeremy N. Bailenson. "Exploring the Influence of Haptic and Olfactory Cues of a Virtual Donut on Satiation and Eating Behavior." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 26, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00300.
Full textAbstract:
Olfactory research in immersive virtual environments (IVEs) have often examined the addition of scent as part of the environment or atmosphere that act as experimental stimuli. There appears to be a lack of research on the influence of virtual foods in IVEs on human satiation. Studies based on situational cues or self-perception theory provide support for the hypothesis that touching and smelling a virtual food item may lead to increased consumption as a result of modeling expected behavior. On the other hand, studies grounded in embodied cognition suggest that satiation may take place as a result of mental simulation that resembles actual consumption behavior. In this preliminary study, we sought to explore the effects of haptic and olfactory cues through virtual food on human satiation and eating behavior. In our study, 101 participants took part in a 2 (touch: present vs absent) × 2 (scent: present vs absent) experiment where they interacted with a donut in an IVE. Findings showed that participants in the touch and scent present conditions ate significantly fewer donuts than those who were not exposed to these cues, and reported higher satiation as compared to their counterparts. However, findings were less clear with respect to participants who received both haptic and olfactory cues. As a whole, results provide preliminary support for satiation effects as a result of sensory simulation.
19
Greenbaum, E. "The influence of prey-scent stimuli on predatory behavior of the North American copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix (Serpentes: Viperidae)." Behavioral Ecology 15, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arh011.
Full text
20
Bayley, R., L. Matthews, E. Street, J. Almeida, and B. Raudenbush. "Ability of gum flavors to distract participants from painful stimuli: Differential effects of retronasal vs. orthonasal scent administration." Appetite 49, no. 1 (July 2007): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.030.
Full text
21
Penny, Samuel G., Rachel L. White, Dawn M. Scott, Lynne MacTavish, and Angelo P. Pernetta. "Using drones and sirens to elicit avoidance behaviour in white rhinoceros as an anti-poaching tactic." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1907 (July 17, 2019): 20191135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1135.
Full textAbstract:
Poaching fuelled by international trade in horn caused the deaths of over 1000 African rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium simum and Diceros bicornis ) per year between 2013 and 2017. Deterrents, which act to establish avoidance behaviours in animals, have the potential to aid anti-poaching efforts by moving at-risk rhinos away from areas of danger (e.g. near perimeter fences). To evaluate the efficacy of deterrents, we exposed a population of southern white rhinos ( C. simum simum ) to acoustic- (honeybee, siren, turtle dove), olfactory- (chilli, sunflower), and drone-based stimuli on a game reserve in South Africa. We exposed rhinos to each stimulus up to four times. Stimuli were considered effective deterrents if they repeatedly elicited avoidance behaviour (locomotion away from the deterrent). Rhinos travelled significantly further in response to the siren than to the honeybee or turtle dove stimulus, and to low-altitude drone flights than to higher altitude flights. We found the drone to be superior at manipulating rhino movement than the siren owing to its longer transmission range and capability of pursuit. By contrast, the scent stimuli were ineffective at inciting avoidance behaviour. Our findings indicate that deterrents are a prospective low-cost and in situ method to manage rhino movement in game reserves.
22
Babaei, Arash, Mark Kern, Stephen Antonik, Rachel Mepani, B. Douglas Ward, Shi-Jiang Li, James Hyde, and Reza Shaker. "Enhancing effects of flavored nutritive stimuli on cortical swallowing network activity." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 299, no. 2 (August 2010): G422—G429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00161.2010.
Full textAbstract:
A better understanding of the central control of the physiology of deglutition is necessary for devising interventions aimed at correcting pathophysiological conditions of swallowing. Positive modulation of the cortical swallowing network can have clinical ramifications in dysphagia due to central nervous system deficits. Our aim was to determine the effect of nutritive sensory input on the cortical swallowing network. In 14 healthy right-handed volunteers, we utilized a paradigm-driven protocol to quantify the number of activated voxels and their signal intensity within the left hemispheric cortical swallowing network by high-resolution functional MRI (fMRI) during five different swallowing conditions. Swallowing conditions included a dry swallow (saliva) and natural water-, lemon-, popcorn-, and chocolate-flavored liquid swallows. Each flavored liquid was presented simultaneously by its image, scent, and taste in random order and tested over three runs. fMRIs were analyzed in a blinded fashion. Average fMRI blood oxygenation level-dependent signal intensity and number of activated voxels during swallowing concurrent with nutritive gustatory, olfactory, and visual stimulations were significantly increased compared with dry/natural water swallows throughout the cortical swallowing network ( P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Subregion analysis showed the increased activity for flavored liquids in prefrontal, cingulate gyrus, and sensory/motor cortex, but not in precuneus and insula. Concurrent gustatory, olfactory, and visual nutritive stimulation enhances the activity of the cortical swallowing network. This finding may have clinical implications in management of swallowing disorders due to cortical lesions.
23
Del Thiessen, Merri Pendergrass, and Patricia Friend. "Ventral Marking in the Male Mongolian Gerbil Reflects Present and Future Reproductive Investments." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 2 (October 1989): 355–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.69.2.355.
Full textAbstract:
Ventral scent-marking in the male Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, may be related to reproductive potential. In four experiments involving nine groups, males' marking during 5-min. open field tests correlated with their social and reproductive status. The lowest levels of marking occurred among individually housed or subordinate males of a pair, followed by males exposed to ovariectomized females, and dominant males of a pair. Higher levels of marking occurred with vasectomized males living with intact females or following the removal of males from a nuclear family. The most frequent marking occurred when males were housed with pregnant females and with females and their offspring. The proximate stimuli leading to high marking appear to be the sexual availability of reproductively competent females.
24
Muth, Felicity, Jacob S. Francis, and Anne S. Leonard. "Modality-specific impairment of learning by a neonicotinoid pesticide." Biology Letters 15, no. 7 (July 2019): 20190359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0359.
Full textAbstract:
Neonicotinoid pesticides can impair bees' ability to learn and remember information about flowers, critical for effective foraging. Although these effects on cognition may contribute to broader effects on health and performance, to date they have largely been assayed in simplified protocols that consider learning in a single sensory modality, usually olfaction. Given that real flowers display a variety of potentially useful signals, we assessed the effects of acute neonicotinoid exposure on multimodal learning in free-flying bumblebees. We found that neonicotinoid consumption differentially impacted learning of floral stimuli, impairing scent, but not colour, learning. These findings raise questions about the mechanisms by which pesticides might differentially impair sensory systems, with implications for how neonicotinoids affect multiple aspects of bee ecology.
25
Kaelberer, Melanie Maya, Laura E. Rupprecht, Winston W. Liu, Peter Weng, and Diego V. Bohórquez. "Neuropod Cells: The Emerging Biology of Gut-Brain Sensory Transduction." Annual Review of Neuroscience 43, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-091619-022657.
Full textAbstract:
Guided by sight, scent, texture, and taste, animals ingest food. Once ingested, it is up to the gut to make sense of the food's nutritional value. Classic sensory systems rely on neuroepithelial circuits to convert stimuli into signals that guide behavior. However, sensation of the gut milieu was thought to be mediated only by the passive release of hormones until the discovery of synapses in enteroendocrine cells. These are gut sensory epithelial cells, and those that form synapses are referred to as neuropod cells. Neuropod cells provide the foundation for the gut to transduce sensory signals from the intestinal milieu to the brain through fast neurotransmission onto neurons, including those of the vagus nerve. These findings have sparked a new field of exploration in sensory neurobiology—that of gut-brain sensory transduction.
26
Girli, Alev. "Examining sensory differences of children with autism in early childhood: Effects of school and home settings." International Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 27, 2016): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3520.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Recently, towards stimuli giving over sensitive or insensitive reactions has been recognized as diagnostic distinctive characteristics in children with autism. One of the purposes of this study is to determine behaviors which behaviors are result of sensitivity, prevalence rate at home or school settings and types of occurrence seen by parents and teachers. Another purpose of this study is to examine parent and teacher views on sensitivity effects at school and home settings. Study group consist 22 children with autism (2-6 ages), 20 mothers, and 8 trainers (4 psychologists and 4 special education teachers) who work with those children. In order to collect types of sensitivity and prevalence rate, “Sensory Difference Observation Form” and in order to collect views of parents and teachers, a semi structured form, “Effects of Sensory Differences: Parent and Teacher Views Form” are used. Forms were designed by researcher. It has been determined that the insensitivity of children towards movement, touch as well as auditory, visual and taste-scent stimuli is more common with a higher ratio than sensitivity. It has been observed that these properties have negative effects on their home lives as well as the routines of families and that teachers cope with them more easily in school settings.</p>
27
Muth, Felicity, Rebekah L. Gaxiola, and Anne S. Leonard. "No evidence for neonicotinoid preferences in the bumblebee Bombus impatiens." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 5 (May 2020): 191883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191883.
Full textAbstract:
Neonicotinoid pesticides can have a multitude of negative sublethal effects on bees. Understanding their impact on wild populations requires accurately estimating the dosages bees encounter under natural conditions. This is complicated by the possibility that bees might influence their own exposure: two recent studies found that bumblebees ( Bombus terrestris ) preferentially consumed neonicotinoid-contaminated nectar, even though these chemicals are thought to be tasteless and odourless. Here, we used Bombus impatiens to explore two elements of these reported preferences, with the aim of understanding their ecological implication and underlying mechanism. First, we asked whether preferences persisted across a range of realistic nectar sugar concentrations, when measured at a series of time points up until 24 h. Second, we tested whether bees' neonicotinoid preferences were driven by an ability to associate their post-ingestive consequences with floral stimuli such as colour, location or scent. We found no evidence that foragers preferred to consume neonicotinoid-containing solutions, despite finding effects on feeding motivation and locomotor activity in line with previous work. Bees also did not preferentially visit floral stimuli previously paired with a neonicotinoid-containing solution. These results highlight the need for further research into the mechanisms underlying bees’ responses to these pesticides, critical for determining how neonicotinoid-driven foraging preferences might operate in the real world for different bee species.
28
Kollikowski, Annika, Selina Jeschke, and Ute Radespiel. "Experimental Evaluation of Spontaneous Olfactory Discrimination in Two Nocturnal Primates (Microcebus murinus and M. lehilahytsara)." Chemical Senses 45, no. 7 (July 25, 2020): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa051.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Solitary species often employ chemocommunication to facilitate mate localization. In the solitarily foraging, nocturnal mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.), females advertise their short period of estrus acoustically and by increased scent marking, whereas males search widely for receptive females. Both sexes can be trained by operant conditioning to discriminate conspecific from heterospecific urine scent. However, it is not known, if males during and outside the reproductive season show different spontaneous interest in conspecific female urine, and if urine from estrous females elicits a higher investigation response than that from diestrous females. We established a spontaneous discrimination paradigm and quantified olfactory investigation responses of 21 captive male mouse lemurs of M. lehilahytsara and M. murinus when presenting 1 conspecific and 1 heterospecific female urine odor sample simultaneously. Overall, M. murinus investigated stimuli significantly longer than M. lehilahytsara. Moreover, males of M. murinus showed significantly longer olfactory investigation at conspecific urine samples during but not outside the reproductive season. This indicates that female urinary cues are spontaneously discriminated by male M. murinus and that this discrimination is more relevant during the reproductive season. However, males of both species did not show different responses toward urine samples from estrous versus diestrous females. Finally, male age did not correlate with the overall duration of olfactory investigation, and investigation levels were similar when testing with fresh or frozen urine samples. In conclusion, this new spontaneous discrimination paradigm provides a useful additional tool to study olfactory communication of nocturnal primates from the receiver’s perspective.
29
Ifeanyichukwu, Chioma Dili, and Abude Peter. "The Role of Sensory Marketing in Achieving Customer Patronage." International Research Journal of Management, IT & Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (February 14, 2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v5i2.632.
Full textAbstract:
Sensory marketing is regarded as a new way of making an organizational profit. Less time and more school/work hours have made people pop into a fast food restaurant on a daily basis. More and more restaurants are employing stimuli of Scent, Sound, texture, vision, and taste to build stronger emotional connections with the customer and drive preference to their brand. A quick look at our environment gives one a clearer picture of these fast food restaurants and one begins to wonder why they spring up in great numbers, thus intensifying competition. This study aims at examining the relationship between human senses/ sensory cues and customer patronage. Also, it seeks to find out how fast food restaurants should apply sensory cues to enhance customer patronage. 150 regular customers of Nourisha fast food restaurant in Awka were used as respondents, and a structured questionnaire was administered to elicit the required information from the respondents. Multiple regression was used to test for the significance of the five hypothesis proposed for the study. Results showed the powerful and tremendous effect of the concept of sensory marketing which is inevitable for the success of a firm in this highly competitive market.
30
Wahyuningtyas, Bhernadetta Pravita, and Maria Anggia Widyakususmastuti. "Impression Management of the Taste and Ambience of Traditional Indonesian Restaurant." Advanced Science Letters 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 882–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.5913.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims to find out how the traditional restaurant owners present the authenticity of flavor and culture through the atmospherics elements and what challenges that are faced by them in bringing the authenticity flavor and culture. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. This study will provide a conceptual contribution to the study of the introduction of communication science and to contribute the thought on how to convey the authenticity of Indonesian traditional flavor and culture, considering that the authenticity cannot be determine objectively. The validity of the study uses a standard of credibility with its own specifications. Presenting the authenticity flavor is not an easy task to do. Restaurant owners should present the elements of atmospherics that emphasize the ability of the senses of visual, aural, and olfactory, that would be capture the stimuli in both the interior and exterior of the restaurant, music, as well as the scent of the fragrance of flowers and food. In addition to the atmospherics elements, traditional restaurant owners specially bring and use certain ingredients, such as soy, rice, tofu, crackers, and tea, to keep the authenticity of the taste of Indonesian cuisine.
31
Matthews, G. V. T. "Navigation in Animals." Journal of Navigation 50, no. 3 (September 1997): 448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346330001907x.
Full textAbstract:
This paper was first published in the Journal in 1969 (Vol. 22, p. 118). It is followed by comments from John Kemp.The last twenty-one years have seen some very striking advances in our knowledge of how animals can determine their location. In many cases we have learned that they have available a wider range of stimuli than ourselves for recognizing landmarks and for pilotage within their home area. Thus the associated senses of smell and taste are extraordinarily well developed in some species. The ability of the males of certain moths to detect the scent emitted by females at very considerable distances had long been known. More recently the extreme sensitivity, and selectivity, of fish to waterborne odours has led to an understanding of how they locate their home waters. As but one example, eels have shown reactions to concentrations of chemicals as low as 3 × 10−18, equivalent to but two or three molecules within the fish's olfactory sac. In other cases animals have developed sensitivities of which we have little or no conception. Ecolocation is employed by certain birds, by many marine animals and reaches a peak of efficiency in the case of bats. Not only do the latter detect sounds of much higher frequency than ourselves, they also respond to echoes of sounds they emitted but 0·001 seconds earlier. We have little appreciation of the sensations produced by the pressure-receptors in the lateral-line organs of fish.
32
Widyakusumastuti, Maria Anggia. "Pengelolaan Keaslian Rasa dan Budaya pada Restoran Etnik Khas Jawa: Analisis Atmospheric Restoran Etnik Khas Jawa di Jakarta Selatan dan Jakarta Pusat." Humaniora 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2014): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v5i2.3204.
Full textAbstract:
This research performed the authenticity of Javanese ethnic flavor and culture in Javanese ethnic restaurant. This research aims to find out how the owners of the restaurant present the authenticity of the flavor and culture through atmospherics elements and challenges they face in bringing the authenticity of the flavor and culture. This study refers to the previous researches published in both national and international journals. The conceptual literature used in this research is Kotler’s atmospherics concept. This study provides a conceptual contribution to the study of the introduction of communication science and to contribute the thought on how to convey the authenticity of Javanese flavor and culture, considering that the authenticity cannot be determine objectively, but depends on the social construction. This study used Constructivist Paradigm. This research is a descriptive study with qualitative approach using phenomenology method. Subjects of this research were owners of Javanese ethnic restaurant in South Jakarta and Central Jakarta. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the informants using the snowball method. The validity of the study used a standard of credibility with its own specifications. Presenting the authenticity of Javanese ethnic flavor and culture was not an easy task. The restaurant owners could present through the elements of atmospherics emphasizing the ability of the senses of visual, aural, olfactory, and tactile that captured the stimuli in both the interior and exterior of the restaurant, music, scent of the fragrance of flowers and food, as well as room temperature. In addition to the elements, the owners specially brought and used certain ingredients, such as soy, rice, tofu, crackers, and tea, to keep the authenticity of the taste of Javanese cuisine. They believe that the water and soil texture in Java produce different flavors in those materials.
33
Labenz, Franziska, Klaus-Peter Wiedmann, Jannick Bettels, and Janina Haase. "Sensory Stimuli in Print Advertisement – Analyzing the Effects on Selected Performance Indicators." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 3, no. 2 (2018): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.32.3001.
Full textAbstract:
The multisensory marketing approach is often associated with the creation of memorable consumer experiences. In contrast, the broad field of advertisement is increasingly struggling to appeal effectively to the consumer. Thus, the implementation of multisensory aspects in traditional advertisement activities might be promising. In the given context of the print advertisement, the empirical results of this research provide evidence that the application of multisensory stimuli is an important success factor in creating experiences and influencing the perception of product design. As there is great potential in the haptic and olfactory senses, marketing managers can appeal to consumers by using, for example, singular scents or special materials. However, to address consumers effectively, marketing managers must be aware of both the explicit and implicit effects when implementing different sensory stimuli to ensure that there is no conflict between the perception levels.
34
Cooper, William E. "Independent evolution of squamate olfaction and vomerolfaction and correlated evolution of vomerolfaction and lingual structure." Amphibia-Reptilia 18, no. 1 (1997): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853897x00332.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe comparative abundances of chemoreceptor cells for olfaction and vomerolfaction, the sense mediated by the vomeronasal organs, were studied in numerous squamate families, with emphasis on lizards, and compared with abundance of lingual taste buds and aspects of lingual structure likely to be related to chemosensory sampling for vomerolfaction. Abundances of vomerolfactory receptors vary greatly among, but little within squamate families. Using Felsenstein's method of independent contrasts, the abundance of vomeronasal receptors is significantly correlated with size of lingual tines, degree of lingual elongation, and condition of sampling surfaces (pallets) on the ventral side of the tongue. This indicates that correlated evolution has occurred. An intimate relationship exists between the chemosensory organ and its primary sampling device, highlighting a lingual-vomeronasal complex that functions to sample and analyze chemical stimuli from external environmental surfaces. Attributes enhancing lingual facility for chemical sampling are forking, which permits scent-trailing by tropotaxis, and possibly elongation, which may permit greater extension beyond the mouth or enhance maneuverability. Ventral lingual pallets, surfaces that directly contact substrates during sampling, are large in forms having low abundances of vomerolfactory receptors, but are reduced and are eventually lost with progressive increases in vomerolfactory receptor abundance. Pallet condition is negatively correlated with tine size and lingual elongation. Large tines appear to take over the sampling function in forms lacking pallets. Lingual taste bud abundance is negatively correlated with vomerolfactory receptor abundance, forking, elongation, and positively with pallet condition. The negative correlation between the abundance of vomerolfactory receptors and lingual taste buds may be attributable to physical incompatibility between taste buds and specialized modifications of the foretongue for vomerolfactory sampling or to loss of opportunity for lingual taste buds to function in vomerolfactory specialists that lack lingual functions such as prey prehension, manipulation, and transport and in which the tongues are ensheathed while in the mouth. The abundances of olfactory and vomeronasal chemoreceptor cells are uncorrelated using Felsenstein's method. Thus, olfaction appears to have evolved independently of vomerolfaction.
35
Head, James, and William S. Helton. "Natural scene stimuli and lapses of sustained attention." Consciousness and Cognition 21, no. 4 (December 2012): 1617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2012.08.009.
Full text
36
Alain, Claude, and Aaron Izenberg. "Effects of Attentional Load on Auditory Scene Analysis." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15, no. 7 (October 1, 2003): 1063–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892903770007443.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of attention on the neural processes underlying auditory scene analysis were investigated through the manipulation of auditory task load. Participants were asked to focus their attention on tuned and mistuned stimuli presented to one ear and to ignore similar stimuli presented to the other ear. For both tuned and mistuned sounds, long (standard) and shorter (deviant) duration stimuli were presented in both ears. Auditory task load was manipulated by varying task instructions. In the easier condition, participants were asked to press a button for deviant sounds (target) at the attended location, irrespective of tuning. In the harder condition, participants were further asked to identify whether the targets were tuned or mistuned. Participants were faster in detecting targets defined by duration only than by both duration and tuning. At the unattended location, deviant stimuli generated a mismatch negativity wave at frontocentral sites whose amplitude decreased with increasing task demand. In comparison, standard mistuned stimuli generated an object-related negativity at central sites whose amplitude was not affected by task difficulty. These results show that the processing of sound sequences is differentially affected by attentional load than is the processing of sounds that occur simultaneously (i.e., sequential vs. simultaneous grouping processes), and that they each recruit distinct neural networks.
37
Song, Jiyoon Stephanie, Hee Yeon Im, Christine Gamble, and Joo-Hyun Song. "Effects of scene consistency in subliminally perceived visual stimuli." Journal of Vision 16, no. 12 (September 1, 2016): 1171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.12.1171.
Full text
38
Hansen, B., B. Richard, A. Johnson, and D. Ellemberg. "Surround suppression of contrast sensitivity with natural scene stimuli." Journal of Vision 12, no. 9 (August 10, 2012): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/12.9.848.
Full text
39
MacEvoy, Sean P., and Russell A. Epstein. "Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive Occipitotemporal Regions." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 4 (October 2007): 2089–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00438.2007.
Full textAbstract:
Complex visual scenes preferentially activate several areas of the human brain, including the parahippocampal place area (PPA), the retrosplenial complex (RSC), and the transverse occipital sulcus (TOS). The sensitivity of neurons in these regions to the retinal position of stimuli is unknown, but could provide insight into their roles in scene perception and navigation. To address this issue, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure neural responses evoked by sequences of scenes and objects confined to either the left or right visual hemifields. We also measured the level of adaptation produced when stimuli were either presented first in one hemifield and then repeated in the opposite hemifield or repeated in the same hemifield. Although overall responses in the PPA, RSC, and TOS tended to be higher for contralateral stimuli than for ipsilateral stimuli, all three regions exhibited position-invariant adaptation, insofar as the magnitude of adaptation did not depend on whether stimuli were repeated in the same or opposite hemifields. In contrast, object-selective regions showed significantly greater adaptation when objects were repeated in the same hemifield. These results suggest that neuronal receptive fields (RFs) in scene-selective regions span the vertical meridian, whereas RFs in object-selective regions do not. The PPA, RSC, and TOS may support scene perception and navigation by maintaining stable representations of large-scale features of the visual environment that are insensitive to the shifts in retinal stimulation that occur frequently during natural vision.
40
Sharman, R. J., P. V. McGraw, and J. W. Peirce. "Luminance cues constrain chromatic blur discrimination in natural scene stimuli." Journal of Vision 13, no. 4 (March 22, 2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/13.4.14.
Full text
41
Shelton, A., Y. Lau, J. Zacks, and B. C. Yoon. "The opportunistic use of reference frames for rotating scene stimuli." Journal of Vision 8, no. 6 (March 29, 2010): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/8.6.739.
Full text
42
Griffiths, T. D. "An approach to auditory scene analysis based on stochastic stimuli." International Journal of Psychophysiology 85, no. 3 (September 2012): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.06.136.
Full text
43
Clarke, Jason, and Michaela Porubanova. "Scene and Object Violations Cause Subjective Time Dilation." Timing & Time Perception 8, no. 3-4 (November 5, 2020): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134468-bja10012.
Full textAbstract:
For a given physical duration, certain events can be experienced as subjectively longer than others, an illusion referred to as subjective time dilation. Many factors have been shown to lead to this illusion in perceived duration, including low-level visual properties of the stimulus (e.g., increase in motion, brightness, and flicker), an unexpected stimulus in a sequence of events, as well as affective factors. Here we report the results of two experiments in which we tested for the influence of scene and object knowledge on subjective time dilation. Based on the results of earlier studies, we predicted that visual scenes and objects containing semantic violations would be judged as lasting longer than control stimuli. The findings from both experiments indicate that stimuli containing semantic violations were judged to be present for longer than stimuli without semantic violations. We interpret our results to mean that neural processes that encode for perception of duration can operate on conceptually integrated scene and object representations. We further conjecture that the underlying neural code for duration perception is likely correlated with the amplitude of neural activity expended on the processing of incoming sensory information.
44
Gronau, Nurit. "To Grasp the World at a Glance: The Role of Attention in Visual and Semantic Associative Processing." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7090191.
Full textAbstract:
Associative relations among words, concepts and percepts are the core building blocks of high-level cognition. When viewing the world ‘at a glance’, the associative relations between objects in a scene, or between an object and its visual background, are extracted rapidly. The extent to which such relational processing requires attentional capacity, however, has been heavily disputed over the years. In the present manuscript, I review studies investigating scene–object and object–object associative processing. I then present a series of studies in which I assessed the necessity of spatial attention to various types of visual–semantic relations within a scene. Importantly, in all studies, the spatial and temporal aspects of visual attention were tightly controlled in an attempt to minimize unintentional attention shifts from ‘attended’ to ‘unattended’ regions. Pairs of stimuli—either objects, scenes or a scene and an object—were briefly presented on each trial, while participants were asked to detect a pre-defined target category (e.g., an animal, a nonsense shape). Response times (RTs) to the target detection task were registered when visual attention spanned both stimuli in a pair vs. when attention was focused on only one of two stimuli. Among non-prioritized stimuli that were not defined as to-be-detected targets, findings consistently demonstrated rapid associative processing when stimuli were fully attended, i.e., shorter RTs to associated than unassociated pairs. Focusing attention on a single stimulus only, however, largely impaired this relational processing. Notably, prioritized targets continued to affect performance even when positioned at an unattended location, and their associative relations with the attended items were well processed and analyzed. Our findings portray an important dissociation between unattended task-irrelevant and task-relevant items: while the former require spatial attentional resources in order to be linked to stimuli positioned inside the attentional focus, the latter may influence high-level recognition and associative processes via feature-based attentional mechanisms that are largely independent of spatial attention.
45
HANSEN, BRUCE C., THEODORE JACQUES, AARON P. JOHNSON, and DAVE ELLEMBERG. "From spatial frequency contrast to edge preponderance: the differential modulation of early visual evoked potentials by natural scene stimuli." Visual Neuroscience 28, no. 3 (March 23, 2011): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095252381100006x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe contrast response function of early visual evoked potentials elicited by sinusoidal gratings is known to exhibit characteristic potentials closely associated with the processes of parvocellular and magnocellular pathways. Specifically, the N1 component has been linked with parvocellular processes, while the P1 component has been linked with magnocellular processes. However, little is known regarding the response properties of the N1 and P1 components during the processing and encoding of complex (i.e., broadband) stimuli such as natural scenes. Here, we examine how established physical characteristics of natural scene imagery modulate the N1 and P1 components in humans by providing a systematic investigation of component modulation as visual stimuli are gradually built up from simple sinusoidal gratings to highly complex natural scene imagery. The results suggest that the relative dominance in signal output of the N1 and P1 components is dependent on spatial frequency (SF) luminance contrast for simple stimuli up to natural scene imagery possessing few edges. However, such a dependency shifts to a dominant N1 signal for natural scenes possessing abundant edge content and operates independently of SF luminance contrast.
46
Hall, Elizabeth H., Wilma A. Bainbridge, and Chris I. Baker. "Investigating visual free recall of highly similar and competing scene stimuli." Journal of Vision 19, no. 10 (September 6, 2019): 201a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/19.10.201a.
Full text
47
Niimi, Ryousuke, Takuro Iizumi, and Kazuhiko Yokosawa. "Extraction of scene gist in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stimuli." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 79 (September 22, 2015): 2AM—070–2AM—070. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.79.0_2am-070.
Full text
48
Dudukovic, Nicole M., Alison R. Preston, Jermaine J. Archie, Gary H. Glover, and Anthony D. Wagner. "High-resolution fMRI Reveals Match Enhancement and Attentional Modulation in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 3 (March 2011): 670–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21509.
Full textAbstract:
A primary function of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is to signal prior encounter with behaviorally relevant stimuli. MTL match enhancement—increased activation when viewing previously encountered stimuli—has been observed for goal-relevant stimuli in nonhuman primates during delayed-match-to-sample tasks and in humans during more complex relational memory tasks. Match enhancement may alternatively reflect (a) an attentional response to familiar relative to novel stimuli or (b) the retrieval of contextual details surrounding the past encounter with familiar stimuli. To gain leverage on the functional significance of match enhancement in the hippocampus, high-resolution fMRI of human MTL was conducted while participants attended, ignored, or passively viewed face and scene stimuli in the context of a modified delayed-match-to-sample task. On each “attended” trial, two goal-relevant stimuli were encountered before a probe that either matched or mismatched one of the attended stimuli, enabling examination of the consequences of encountering one of the goal-relevant stimuli as a match probe on later memory for the other (nonprobed) goal-relevant stimulus. fMRI revealed that the hippocampus was insensitive to the attentional manipulation, whereas parahippocampal cortex was modulated by scene-directed attention, and perirhinal cortex showed more subtle and general effects of attention. By contrast, all hippocampal subfields demonstrated match enhancement to the probe, and a postscan test revealed more accurate recognition memory for the nonprobed goal-relevant stimulus on match relative to mismatch trials. These data suggest that match enhancement in human hippocampus reflects retrieval of other goal-relevant contextual details surrounding a stimulus's prior encounter.
49
Paczynski, Martin, Adam M. Burton, and Amishi P. Jha. "Brief Exposure to Aversive Stimuli Impairs Visual Selective Attention." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 6 (June 2015): 1172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00768.
Full textAbstract:
Although it is well established that stress can disrupt complex cognitive functions, relatively little is known about how it influences visual processing, especially in terms of visual selective attention. In the current study, we used highly aversive images, taken from the International Affective Picture System, to induce acute, low-intensity stress while participants performed a visual discrimination task. Consistent with prior research, we found that anticipation of aversive stimuli increased overall amplitude of the N170, suggesting an increase in early sensory gain. More importantly, we found that stress disrupted visual selective attention. While in no-stress blocks, the amplitude of the face-sensitive N170 was higher when participants attended to faces rather than scenes in face–scene overlay images; this effect was absent under stress. This was because of an increase in N170 amplitude in the scene-attend condition under stress. We interpret these findings as suggesting that even low-intensity acute stress can impair participants' ability to filter out task-irrelevant information. We discuss our findings in relation to how even brief exposure to low-intensity stress may adversely impact both healthy and clinical populations.
50
Monk, Anna M., Marshall A. Dalton, Gareth R. Barnes, and Eleanor A. Maguire. "The Role of Hippocampal–Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Neural Dynamics in Building Mental Representations." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 33, no. 1 (January 2021): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01634.
Full textAbstract:
The hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) play key roles in numerous cognitive domains including mind-wandering, episodic memory, and imagining the future. Perspectives differ on precisely how they support these diverse functions, but there is general agreement that it involves constructing representations composed of numerous elements. Visual scenes have been deployed extensively in cognitive neuroscience because they are paradigmatic multielement stimuli. However, it remains unclear whether scenes, rather than other types of multifeature stimuli, preferentially engage hippocampus and vmPFC. Here, we leveraged the high temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography to test participants as they gradually built scene imagery from three successive auditorily presented object descriptions and an imagined 3-D space. This was contrasted with constructing mental images of nonscene arrays that were composed of three objects and an imagined 2-D space. The scene and array stimuli were, therefore, highly matched, and this paradigm permitted a closer examination of step-by-step mental construction than has been undertaken previously. We observed modulation of theta power in our two regions of interest—anterior hippocampus during the initial stage and vmPFC during the first two stages, of scene relative to array construction. Moreover, the scene-specific anterior hippocampal activity during the first construction stage was driven by the vmPFC, with mutual entrainment between the two brain regions thereafter. These findings suggest that hippocampal and vmPFC neural activity is especially tuned to scene representations during the earliest stage of their formation, with implications for theories of how these brain areas enable cognitive functions such as episodic memory.