Academic literature on the topic 'Scent stimuli'
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Journal articles on the topic "Scent stimuli"
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Biswas, Dipayan, and Courtney Szocs. "The Smell of Healthy Choices: Cross-Modal Sensory Compensation Effects of Ambient Scent on Food Purchases." Journal of Marketing Research 56, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243718820585.
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Managers are using ambient scent as an important strategic element in various service settings, with food-related scents being especially common. This research examines the effects of food-related ambient scents on children’s and adults’ food purchases/choices. The results of a series of experiments, including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria, show that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to an indulgent food–related ambient scent (e.g., cookie scent) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with no ambient scent or a nonindulgent food–related ambient scent (e.g., strawberry scent). The effects seem to be driven by cross-modal sensory compensation, whereby prolonged exposure to an indulgent/rewarding food scent induces pleasure in the reward circuitry, which in turn diminishes the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods. Notably, the effects reverse with brief (<30 seconds) exposure to the scent. Whereas prior research has examined cross-modal effects, this research adopts the novel approach of examining cross-modal sensory compensation effects, whereby stimuli in one sensory modality (olfactory) can compensate/satisfy the desire related to another sensory modality (gustatory).
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Jacques, Ryan J., Joshua M. Kapfer, and B. D. Eshelman. "Lack of Response to Olfactory Lures Among Mammals in Riparian Habitat in Southern Wisconsin." Canadian Field-Naturalist 130, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v130i1.1785.
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Non-invasive mammal surveys often employ olfactory stimuli on the assumption that they will attract mammals and increase the success of monitoring projects. However, information on the effectiveness of scent lures is variable and often relies on data generated from mammal tracks or sign, which can be challenging to quantify. Therefore, we sought to determine whether certain olfactory stimuli are more effective than others at eliciting a response from mammals along riparian corridors in Southern Wisconsin, using camera traps to monitor response to four scents and a control of de-ionized water. We recorded the number of times each species responded as well as the length of time spent investigating scents (Muskrat gland, mink gland, Red fox urine, crayfish oil) and the control. We recorded 2812 passes by 16 mammal species during our 12-month study, with Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana), Woodchuck (Marmota monax), Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), Eastern Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger), Raccoon (Procyon lotor), Coyote (Canis latrans), and White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)observed on cameras most frequently. However, 72% of observations involved mammals passing through without investigating any scents or the control, and among the 28% of observations where mammals did investigate, we found no significant differences in their response to specific scents or the control or in response by season. Further analysis revealed no significant differences in the time mammals spent investigating individual scents or the control. The lack of response suggests that factors other than scent may have attracted wildlife to our stations. Although under some circumstances olfactory attractants may increase the level of response to monitoring stations, we suggest that attraction to our stations was largely a behavioural response to novel stimuli in the environment.
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Harris, Charles E., and Frederick F. Knowlton. "Differential responses of coyotes to novel stimuli in familiar and unfamiliar settings." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 2005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-163.
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We studied behavioral responses of captive and wild coyotes (Canis latrans) toward novel objects and artificial scent stations to determine how they might respond to novel stimuli used in coyote management and research. When captive coyotes encountered novel stimuli in unfamiliar surroundings they showed little avoidance, while the same stimuli caused avoidance and neophobic reactions among coyotes when encountered in familiar surroundings. In the field phase of the study, radio-collared coyotes in southern Texas were intensively monitored in order to relate space-use patterns to the locations where these coyotes were exposed to artificial scent stations. Coyotes were more likely to respond to and score (record visits by leaving tracks) at artificial scent stations when these were encountered outside or on the periphery of their home areas than when they were encountered within their home area. This suggests that indices of coyote abundance that employ responses to novel situations may more readily record coyotes that are outside the central portions of their home areas and that transient or dispersing coyotes are more likely to be "counted" than residents.
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Van Niekerk, Chantel, and RH Goldberg. "The Influence of Scent Marketing on Consumers' Approach and Avoidance Behaviour in the High-End Fashion Industry." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2021-0024.
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Existing literature falls short in that it fails to directly recognise the potential that lies within scent marketing and its influence on consumers’ behaviour, especially in high-end fashion stores. The study aimed to explore the influence of scent marketing on consumers’ approach and avoidance behaviour in the high-end fashion industry. The study was qualitative in nature and followed an exploratory research design. A non-probability snowball sampling method was used to recruit participants. Data was collected by means of three focus group sessions. The collected data was analysed by using the Morse and Field approach, and by making use of ATLAS.ti qualitative data analysis software. SPSS software was also used to analyse the demographic results. The results indicate that consumers’ response stimuli often depend on emotional stimuli they experience, which will lead to an approach or avoidance response. Scent marketing can boost approach behaviour, if implemented correctly. Based on the results, it is recommended that retail stores, more specifically high-end fashion stores, should make use of scent marketing to attract consumers to the store, keep them browsing for longer periods, enhance purchases and make them feel comfortable. Scent can have a positive influence on consumer’s evaluations, reactions and the intention to visit and revisit a store. This can result in consumers spending more time and money in the store. Furthermore, if scent marketing is implemented correctly, it could also boost brand identity and create a competitive advantage for that specific store. Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
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Lin, Meng-Hsien (Jenny), Samantha N. N. Cross, and Terry L. Childers. "Understanding olfaction and emotions and the moderating role of individual differences." European Journal of Marketing 52, no. 3/4 (April 9, 2018): 811–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-05-2015-0284.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the mediating role of emotions in processing scent information in consumer research, using event-related potential (ERP)-based neuroscience methods, while considering individual differences in sense of smell. Design/methodology/approach Prior research on olfaction and emotions in marketing has revealed mixed findings on the relationship between olfaction and emotion. The authors review earlier studies and present a neuroscience experiment demonstrating the benefits of ERP methods in studying the automatic processing of emotions. Findings Results demonstrate how emotional processes occurring within 1s of stimulus exposure differ across individuals with varying olfactory abilities. Findings reveal an automatic suppression mechanism for individuals sensitive to smell. Research limitations/implications Scent-induced emotions demonstrated through the use of ERP-based methods provide insights for understanding automatic emotional processes and reactions to ambient scents by consumers in the marketplace. Practical implications Findings show an automatic suppression of emotions triggered by scent in individuals sensitive to smell. Marketers and retailers should consider such reactions when evaluating the use of olfactory stimuli in promotional and retail strategies. Originality/value The authors review past literature and provide an explanation for the disparate findings in the olfaction–emotion linkage, by studying individual differences in response to scent in the marketplace. This is one of the first papers in marketing to introduce the application of ERP in studying consumer-relevant behavior and provide technical and marketing-specific considerations for both academic and market researchers.
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Becker, Nancy, Catherine Chambliss, Cathy Marsh, and Roberta Montemayor. "Effects of Mellow and Frenetic Music and Stimulating and Relaxing Scents on Walking by Seniors." Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, no. 2 (April 1995): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.2.411.
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Previous research has yielded an inconclusive picture of the effects of music and scent on walking. Few laboratory studies have detected a beneficial effect of music; olfactory research has shown performance is positively affected for repetitive tasks but not yet on walking. The influence of these two types of stimuli in efficiency of exercise among seniors was assessed by measuring distance walked on an indoor course. Using a 3 × 3 factorial design [mellow music in 4:4 time, frenetic music in 2:8 time, and white noise by stimulating, relaxing, and control scent conditions], each of 20 volunteers from a senior center received nine randomized, 90-sec. exercise trials. Walking distance was reduced by mellow music but unaffected by stimulating music; there was no effect of scent.
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Drea, Christine M., Sacha N. Vignieri, H. Sharon Kim, Mary L. Weldele, and Stephen E. Glickman. "Responses to olfactory stimuli in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuts): II. Discrimination of conspecific scent." Journal of Comparative Psychology 116, no. 4 (2002): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7036.116.4.342.
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Windberg, Lamar A. "Coyote responses to visual and olfactory stimuli related to familiarity with an area." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 2248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-255.
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Individual coyotes (Canis latrans) are infrequently captured within their familiar areas of activity. Current hypotheses are that the differential capture vulnerability may involve neophobia or inattentiveness. To assess the effect of familiarity, I measured coyote responsiveness to sensory cues encountered in familiar and novel settings. Seventy-four captive coyotes were presented with visual and olfactory stimuli in familiar and unfamiliar 1-ha enclosures. The visual stimuli were black or white wooden cubes of three sizes (4, 8, and 16 cm per side). The olfactory stimuli were fatty acid scent, W-U lure (trimethylammonium decanoate plus sulfide additives), and coyote urine and liquefied feces. Overall, coyotes were more responsive to stimuli during exploration in unfamiliar than in familiar enclosures. None of 38 coyotes that responded were neophobic toward the olfactory stimuli. The frequency of coyote response, and the resulting degrees of neophobia, did not differ between the black and white visual stimuli. Regardless of context, the largest visual stimuli were recognized at the greatest distance and evoked the strongest neophobic response. A greater proportion of coyotes were neophobic toward the small and medium-sized stimuli in familiar than in unfamiliar enclosures. This study demonstrated that when encountered in familiar environments, visual cues are more likely to elicit neophobic responses by coyotes than are olfactory stimuli.
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Martín, José, and Pilar López. "Scent may signal fighting ability in male Iberian rock lizards." Biology Letters 3, no. 2 (January 24, 2007): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2006.0589.
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Intrasexual competition favours the evolution of conspicuous fighting ability badges. However, in spite of the fact that chemoreception is important in sexual selection of many animals, such as lizards, the role of chemical signals in males' contests is relatively unknown. Here, we show that proportions of cholesterol in femoral gland secretions of male Iberian rock lizards were related to their body size (which confers a competitive advantage in fights). Males discriminated chemically and responded aggressively to cholesterol stimuli presented on swabs. Moreover, we experimentally increased cholesterol in the scent of males, and staged encounters in neutral cages between two unfamiliar and size-matched males. Focal males lost more agonisitic interactions against males manipulated with cholesterol than in control tests. We suggest that differences in scent composition may reliably signal fighting ability in many lizard species, which would help to avoid the costs of fighting.
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Pulliainen, Unni, Nick Bos, Patrizia d’Ettorre, and Liselotte Sundström. "The Scent of Ant Brood: Caste Differences in Surface Hydrocarbons of Formica exsecta Pupae." Journal of Chemical Ecology 47, no. 6 (April 26, 2021): 513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-021-01275-w.
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AbstractChemical communication is common across all organisms. Insects in particular use predominantly chemical stimuli in assessing their environment and recognizing their social counterparts. One of the chemical stimuli used for recognition in social insects, such as ants, is the suite of long-chain, cuticular hydrocarbons. In addition to providing waterproofing, these surface hydrocarbons serve as a signature mixture, which ants can perceive, and use to distinguish between strangers and colony mates, and to determine caste, sex, and reproductive status of another individual. They can be both environmentally and endogenously acquired. The surface chemistry of adult workers has been studied extensively in ants, yet the pupal stage has rarely been considered. Here we characterized the surface chemistry of pupae of Formica exsecta, and examine differences among sexes, castes (reproductive vs. worker), and types of sample (developing individual vs. cocoon envelope). We found quantitative and qualitative differences among both castes and types of sample, but male and female reproductives did not differ in their surface chemistry. We also found that the pupal surface chemistry was more complex than that of adult workers in this species. These results improve our understanding of the information on which ants base recognition, and highlights the diversity of surface chemistry in social insects across developmental stages.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Scent stimuli"
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Mahomed, Nabila Sikander. "Comportamento do consumidor no retalho : o impacto dos aromas." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11560.
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Mestrado em MarketingO marketing sensorial tem vindo a transformar-se numa ferramenta relevante para diferenciação no mercado cada vez mais competitivo e globalizado. A literatura disponível aponta para o uso de aromas na gestão de marcas. Todavia, os estudos negligenciam a importância da intensidade do aroma e muito particularmente de produtos de consumo diário e comum. Este estudo explora a forma como o aroma do pão afeta o comportamento dos consumidores, suportada por dados recolhidos através de um questionário original aplicado a 293 clientes de uma loja de retalho de produtos alimentares, a fim de explorar esta relação. Os resultados obtidos indicam claramente que a intensidade do aroma tem uma influência positiva sobre a forma como os consumidores avaliam a imagem e o ambiente geral da loja assim como a qualidade de oferta dos produtos, a intenção de retorno e as respostas emocionais. Portanto, os profissionais de marketing devem estar cientes do papel do aroma nos produtos diários de modo a melhorar o reconhecimento, as avaliações dos produtos e a intenção de retornar à loja.
In an increasingly globalized and competitive environment, sensory marketing has become a relevant tool of market differentiation strategies. Previous literature has already pointed to the use of smell in branding but tends to neglect the relevance of scent intensity and the aroma in particularly of daily products. This study explores how bread's scent affects consumers' behavior and uses data collected through a survey applied to 293 customers in a major retail food store to explore this relationship. The results achieved show that scent has a positive influence on how consumers assess the general environment, store image, quality of products, as well as their willingness to return and the emotional responses of consumers. Therefore, marketing practitioners should consider using aroma on daily products to improve awareness, product evaluations and intention to return to the stores.
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Costa, Sara João Barros da. "A fragrância da marca como aroma ambiente: estudo exploratório dos seus efeitos no consumidor." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2233.
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Mestrado em MarketingO presente estudo visa determinar se a aplicação do aroma ambiente como estímulo ambiental num ambiente de loja real se trata de uma ferramenta de marketing eficaz, capaz de influenciar os comportamentos e atitudes do consumidor. Trata-se de um estímulo cada vez mais utilizado pelos retalhistas, a fim de conseguirem distinguir¬se da concorrência e oferecer uma experiência de compra única. Através de uma estratégia de investigação quantitativa iremos investigar se a presença do perfume da marca Mango como aroma ambiente afecta positivamente as respostas e avaliações dos consumidores no seu próprio ambiente de compra. Para isso foi conduzida uma experiência numa loja de vestuário da cadeia espanhola Mango na qual desenvolvemos 2 condições de estudo, sem estímulo versus com estímulo olfactivo. Durante 28 dias de estudo procedemos à aplicação de 600 questionários presenciais. Os nossos resultados não permitiram validar muitos dos objectivos propostos na presente investigação. No entanto, verificámos que de uma forma geral os indicadores sofreram ligeiras melhorias aquando a presença do estímulo olfactivo. Destacamos o facto das percepções sobre o ambiente de loja revelarem um impacto significativo nas percepções sobre a qualidade do produto exposto nesse mesmo ambiente. A ausência de resultados positivos da influência do estímulo olfactivo sobre as avaliações do ambiente de loja e qualidade da oferta nos estados emocionais do consumidor e ainda sobre os seus gastos poderá ser explicada pela natureza do próprio perfume da marca que foi aqui usado como aroma ambiente. Talvez a grande limitação deste estudo seja o próprio aroma utilizado pois, apesar de se tratar de um perfume da marca e como tal congruente com a oferta exposta, trata-se de um perfume de uso pessoal o que poderá ter sido inapropriado e dificultado a formulação de respostas positivas por parte do consumidor.
This study aims to determine whether the use of ambient scent as environmental stimuli in a real store environment is a powerful marketing tool, capable of influencing behavior and consumer attitudes. This is a stimulus increasingly used by retailers to differentiate from the competition and offer a unique shopping experience. Through a strategy of quantitative research we will investigate whether the presence of the Mango perfume positively affects the responses and evaluations of consumers in their own shopping environment. An experiment was carried out in a clothing store of the Spanish chain Mango. Two groups were studied, one subject to olfactory stimuli and the other not. During 28 days 600 questionnaires were administered via a face-to-face interview. Our results do not validate most of the objectives proposed in this research, though we found indicators were slightly improved in the presence of olfactory stimuli. It was found, nonetheless, that perceptions of the store environment have a significant impact on perceptions of the quality of product displayed. The fact that some hypotheses were not confirmed, including the influence of olfactory stimuli on evaluations of the shopping environment and quality of product, may be explained by the nature of the used scent. Although the perfume is consistent with the offer in store, this is intended for personal use and thus may be inappropriate for ambient scent.
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Bellamy, Robyn Lyle, and robyn bellamy@flinders edu au. "LIFE HISTORY AND CHEMOSENSORY COMMUNICATION IN THE SOCIAL AUSTRALIAN LIZARD, EGERNIA WHITII." Flinders University. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070514.163902.
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ABSTRACT
Social relationships, habitat utilisation and life history characteristics provide a framework which enables the survival of populations in fluctuating ecological conditions. An understanding of behavioural ecology is critical to the implementation of Natural Resource Management strategies if they are to succeed in their conservation efforts during the emergence of climate change. Egernia whitii from Wedge Island in the Spencer Gulf of South Australia were used as a model system to investigate the interaction of life history traits, scat piling behaviour and chemosensory communication in social lizards.
Juveniles typically took ¡Ý 3 years to reach sexual maturity and the results of skeletochronological studies suggested longevity of ¡Ý 13 years. Combined with a mean litter size of 2.2, a pregnancy rate estimated at 75% of eligible females during short-term studies, and highly stable groups, this information suggests several life history features.
Prolonged juvenile development and adult longevity may be prerequisite to the development of parental care. Parental care may, in turn, be the determining factor that facilitates the formation of small family groups. In E. whitii parental care takes the form of foetal and neonatal provisioning and tolerance of juveniles by small family or social groups within established resource areas. Presumably, resident juveniles also benefit from adult territorialism. Research on birds suggests that low adult mortality predisposes cooperative breeding or social grouping in birds, and life history traits and ecological factors appear to act together to facilitate cooperative systems.
E. whitii practice scat piling both individually and in small groups. Social benefits arising from signalling could confer both cooperative and competitive benefits. Permanent territorial markers have the potential to benefit conspecifics, congenerics and other species. The high incidence of a skink species (E. whitii) refuging with a gecko species (N. milii) on Wedge Island provides an example of interspecific cooperation. The diurnal refuge of the nocturnal gecko is a useful transient shelter for the diurnal skink. Scat piling may release a species ¡®signature¡¯ for each group that allows mutual recognition.
Scat piling also facilitates intraspecific scent marking by individual members, which has the potential to indicate relatedness, or social or sexual status within the group. The discovery of cloacal scent marking activity is new to the Egernia genus. E. Whitii differentiate between
their own scats, and conspecific and congeneric scats. They scent mark at the site of conspecific scats, and males and females differ in their response to scent cues over time. Scat piling has the potential to make information concerning the social environment available to dispersing transient and potential immigrant conspecifics, enabling settlement choices to be made.
This thesis explores some of the behavioural strategies employed by E. whitii to reduce risks to individuals within groups and between groups. Scents eliciting a range of behavioural responses relevant to the formation of adaptive social groupings, reproductive activity, and juvenile protection until maturity and dispersal are likely to be present in this species. Tests confirming chemosensory cues that differentiate sex, kin and age would be an interesting addition to current knowledge. The interaction of delayed maturity, parental care, sociality, chemosensory communication and scat piling highlights the sophistication of this species¡¯ behaviour.
An alternative method for permanently marking lizards was developed. Persistence, reliability and individual discrimination were demonstrated using photographic identification and the method was shown to be reliable for broad-scale application by researchers. Naturally occurring toe loss in the field provided a context against which to examine this alternative identification method and revealed the need to further investigate the consequences of routine toe clipping, as this practice appears to diminish survivorship.
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Shine, Jonathan Peter. "The role of the medial temporal lobe in discriminating complex object and scene stimuli." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/58178/.
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The emergent memory account (EMA) proposes that the medial temporal lobe (MTL), a region implicated in declarative memory, supports perception. EMA hypothesises that the perirhinal cortex (PRC) and hippocampus (HC), form complex conjunctions of objects and scenes, respectively, which can support fine-grained perceptual discriminations. This thesis combined both neuropsychological and functional imaging approaches, to examine the representations supported by the MTL. The final experiment applied one of the tasks in cognitive-genetic neuroimaging of Alzheimer‟s disease (AD). Consistent with EMA, patients with focal HC damage showed impaired learning of spatial, but not object, conjunctions (Chapter 2), and showed specific deficits in scene perception (Chapter 3). A complementary functional imaging study examined contributions of PRC and HC to the detection of object and scene differences, respectively; the predicted effects – PRC activation for object discrimination; HC for scene discrimination – were evident only at a relaxed statistical threshold. Significant MTL effects were demonstrated using an oddity task with items presented from different views (Chapter 4). Increasing object and scene feature overlap, however, did not increase PRC and HC activity; the opposite pattern was evident for scenes, with a novel context by feature overlap interaction for objects. In the final experimental Chapter (Chapter 5), it was found that young healthy adults at increased genetic risk of AD (ApoE-e4 carriers) showed increased scene-related activity in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC); a region affected, structurally, early in AD. The novel contributions of these findings are detailed in the General Discussion (Chapter 6). Briefly, they partially confirm EMA‟s predictions that the HC is necessary for learning conjunctive scenes, and that MTL involvement fractionates according to the stimulus to-be-processed. It also describes limitations of the experiments, proposes future challenges for representational accounts, and outlines experiments to elucidate the effect of ApoE-e4 on scene-related activity in PCC.
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Flohr, Elena Leonie Ruth [Verfasser], Andreas [Gutachter] Mühlberger, and Paul [Gutachter] Pauli. "The Scents of Interpersonality - On the Influence of Smells on the Evaluation and Processing of Social Stimuli / Elena Leonie Ruth Flohr ; Gutachter: Andreas Mühlberger, Paul Pauli." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1140435965/34.
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Pietravalle, Nadia. "How well does a linear model predict the responses of primary visual cortex neurons to a natural scene stimulus?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30518.
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The goal was to test how well a linear model of the responses of neurons in area 18 of cat visual cortex, derived from recordings made in anaesthetized adult cats, predicts responses to natural scene stimuli.
Methods: Estimates of the spatio-temporal receptive field profile of the neurons were obtained by reverse correlation to an m-sequence stimulus (Reid et al., 1997). The receptive field estimate, together with a non-linear response function, was then used to give the expected probability, or rate, of spike firing (Chichilnisky, 2001; Ringach & Malone, 2007) during a time-varying natural scene stimulus. The ability of the model to describe the responses was assessed by computing the correlation coefficient between the rates predicted by the model and those observed during stimulation with a natural scene (Willmore & Smyth, David & Gallant, 2005). For each LN functional model identified for all real A18 neurons using m-sequence responses, a Poisson spike generator was added (Heeger, 2000) to simulate ‘LNP’ responses to m-sequence and natural scene stimuli, and was used to assess the statistical significance of the results.
Results: The LN model, with parameters derived from responses to m-sequence stimuli, was able to predict responses to m-sequence stimuli with fairly high reliability (correlation coefficients in the range 0.84 – 0.96). However the model was only able to weakly predict responses to natural scene stimuli. This result was confirmed by comparing the correlation coefficients between predicted and observed firing rates obtained for actual and for simulated responses to the natural scene stimulus; values ranged from 0.14 to 0.59, in marked contrast to the simulated ones ranging from 0.47 to 0.88. Reasons for the inability of the LNP model to predict responses to natural scene stimuli are discussed.
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陳明怡. "The effects of pleasant scent stimulus on product evaluation and information process." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14266998438497225805.
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博士國立政治大學
企業管理研究所
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This study adopts a multiple-role view from the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and hedonic contingency model to explore the influences of product scents and ambient scents. The product scents are scents that consumers smell directly from products. In the literature on product scents, there are no research studies considering the moderate role of product types and the motivation to recognize scents appropriately. Ambient scents are scents smelled that are unconnected to products. In the literature on ambient scents, there are no research studies considering how ambient scents can influence information processes. However, many scholars want to explore the factors that can influence information processes. Furthermore, a new product launch by an unknown brand can convince consumers depending on consumers’ careful processing of product information. Thus, this issue is very important to academic study and practice. This study adopts two experiments that realize the effects of product scents and ambient scents separately. Study One can be divided into two parts. Part A adopts a 3 (product scents: none, fit, unfit) * 2 (involvement: high vs. low) * 2 (diagnostic of scents: high vs. low) between-subjects design. Part B is a pilot study of ambient scents that adopts a between-subjects design with 3 factors (ambient scents: none, fit, unfit). The Study Two adopts a 2 (ambient scents: yes vs. no) * 2 (advertisement appeal: hedonic vs. utilitarian) * 2 (argument quality: strong vs. weak) between-subjects design. The results of Study One have three points: (1) for consumers with low involvement in tasks, whether scents are diagnostic for products or not, pleasant scents have significant effects. Because people who are involved in tasks at a low level and are not concerned or interested in outcomes, they are almost persuaded by peripheral routes and regard product scents as peripheral cues. Even though the scents do not fit with the products, they still can cause positive product evaluation depending on the nature of the pleasure. For people with low involvement in tasks, product scents mainly play an emotional role. (2) For people who are highly involved in tasks and really concerned or interested in outcomes, they are almost persuaded by central routes and regard product scents as arguments, especially when scents are diagnostic for products. For them, product scents not only play an emotional role but also a cognitive role. They will evaluate the similarities or differences between products and scents. A scent that fits with a product will cause a more positive product evaluation than a scent that does not fit a product. (3) For consumers who are highly involved in tasks, as scents are not diagnostic for products, the cognitive role will disappear. The scents are regarded irrelevant to product evaluation, so consumers do not evaluate the similarities or differences between products and scents. Whether a scent fits a product or does not is unimportant for them; furthermore, they will correct for and eliminate the effects of pleasant scents in product evaluation. The results of Study Two have four points: (1) when pleasant ambient scents can be provided by marketers, they can cause a positive mood among perceivers and enhance the level of information processing toward the focal product within the context. Furthermore, pleasant ambient scents can encourage consumers to adopt central routes to process information. People will evaluate products with strong argument quality more positively than products with weak argument quality. (2) Pleasant ambient scents also draw people’s attention toward different information types. People will attend more to hedonic product information, especially with hedonic advertisement appeal. (3) A pleasant ambient scent that matches a hedonic advertisement appeal can cause a more positive product evaluation than a pleasant ambient scent that matches a utilitarian advertisement appeal. (4) For a utilitarian product type, the effects of pleasant ambient scents on product evaluation will cause a positive mood and enhance the level of information processing. Mood and cognition play a partial mediation role. For a hedonic product type, the effect of pleasant ambient scents on product evaluation is fully mediated by a positive mood.
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Nell, Corinne. "Exploring the influence of store atmospherics on consumers' buying behaviour in apparel retail stores : an exploratory study in Tshwane." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10337.
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This research study aims to obtain a holistic view of the area of store
atmospherics, which forms part of the retail industry. A consumer-centred
response approach was followed. Store atmospherics and its influence on
consumers’ buying behaviour has received very little attention in the literature to
date. Consumers’ views on in-store atmospheric elements and the influence of
these elements on their buying behaviour were obtained. The primary research
aim that was derived from the preliminary literature was therefore to explore the
influence of store atmospherics on consumers’ buying behaviour in apparel
retail stores in the Tshwane region. The type of research design used in this
study was exploratory, making use of a qualitative approach and a
communicative technique of interviews. The selected method was focus group
interviews and naïve sketches. The data gathered was analysed by means of
Tesch’s inductive descriptive coding technique, better known as thematic
analysis. It was found that atmospheric elements have the ability to influence
consumers in either a subconscious or a conscious way. This has a direct
influence on the amount of time that consumers will spend in-store and ultimately
influences their buying decisions and behaviour either positively or negatively.
This had a direct influence on the amount of time that consumers will spend instore
and ultimately influences their buying decisions and behaviours either
positively or negatively, meaning that the consumers’ will display either an
approach- or avoidance behaviour.Business Management
M. Com. (Business Management)
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Lu, Yi-Ting, and 呂依亭. "Impacts of Scent Stimulus on Design Concept Development─ Stationery Products as an Example." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/haks7t.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
創新設計研究所
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The human’s perception of the five senses is gradually ignored in the current digital world. People are used to see the colorful world with their eyes and listen to the sweet music with their ears. However, people seldom use their noses to experience the odor around them. Since Ackerman (1993) emphasizes that the olfaction experience is more impressive than the experiences of vision and hearing, will the adoption of scents as stimuli be beneficial to the design concept development? This study employs design students as the research subjects and two design task experiments are conducted. The difference between the two design task experiments is that the scent of sandalwood is used as the scent stimulus in one of the design task experiment. The data collected through the “olfaction perception questionnaire,” and design concept sketches and deign development interviews through the design task experiments are analyzed to see the influences of scent stimulus on deign concept development. The differences of deign concepts and design processes are further compared. The study results indicate that (1) the amount of design concept sketches is comparable between the two design tasks, (2) the design theme is mainly in the category of “material” and “scent feature” in the scent stimulus deign task, and “uses” and “utility” in the regular design task, (3) for the creativity, the original design and usefulness of the regular design task is better than scent stimulus deign task.
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"Scents of Efficiency: Discovering How Olfactory Stimuli Affect Caregiver Performance In A Simulated Emergency Department." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.17775.
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abstract: Research has shown that the ability to smell is the most direct sense an individual can experience. With every breath a person takes, the brain recognizes thousands of molecules and makes connections with our memories to determine their composition. With the amount of research looking into how and why we smell, researchers still have little understanding of how the nose and brain process an aroma, and how emotional and physical behavior is impacted. This research focused on the affects smell has on a caregiver in a simulated Emergency Department setting located in the SimET of Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center in Phoenix, Arizona. The study asked each participant to care for a programmed mannequin, or "patient", while performing simple computer-based tasks, including memory and recall, multi-tasking, and mood-mapping to gauge physical and mental performance. Three different aromatic environments were then introduced through diffusion and indirect inhalation near the participants' task space: 1) a control (no smell), 2) an odor (simulated dirty feet), and 3) an aroma (one of four true essential oils plus a current odor-eliminating compound used in many U.S. Emergency Departments). This study was meant to produce a stressful environment by leading the caregiver to stay in constant movement throughout the study through timed tasks, uncooperative equipment, and a needy "patient". The goal of this research was to determine if smells, and of what form of pleasantness and repulsiveness, can have an effect on the physical and mental performance of emergency caregivers. Findings from this study indicated that the "odor eliminating" method currently used in typical Emergency Departments, coffee grounds, is more problematic than helpful, and the introduction of true essential oils may not only reduce stress, but increase efficiency and, in turn, job satisfaction.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S.D. Design 2013
Books on the topic "Scent stimuli"
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Beninger, Richard J. Dopamine and social cooperation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824091.003.0008.
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Dopamine and social cooperation describes how, in humans, dopamine-innervated brain areas or cell body regions are activated during cooperative social interactions, suggesting that social stimuli may be primary incentive stimuli. Lactating female rats lever press for access to their pups, nucleus accumbens dopamine is released during maternal behavior, and accumbens dopamine lesions decrease maternal behavior, implicating incentive learning in maternal care. Adult male Syrian hamsters learn a preference for a place associated with a female scent that increases nucleus accumbens dopamine and a dopamine receptor antagonist blocks the learning implicating dopamine in incentive learning in sexually mature males. In songbirds, striatal dopamine release is associated with directed song used to attract a mate; dopamine may influence the incentive value of the mate. Dopamine is linked to social behavior in reptiles, amphibians, fish, and insects. Dopamine-mediated incentive learning may contribute to the organization of socially cooperative behavior in many species.
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Fendt, Markus, Yasushi Kiyokawa, and Thomas Endres, eds. Scents that Matter - From Olfactory Stimuli to Genes, Behaviors and Beyond. Frontiers Media SA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-813-9.
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Verstraten, Frans A. J., and Peter J. Bex. The Motion Aftereffect. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0082.
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The aftereffect of motion is one of the oldest known illusions. It refers to the illusory motion of a stationary scene after some time of adaptation to real motion. While it is still unknown whether this adaptation effect has any functional value, it surely has served well as a tool to investigate the functional organization of the visual system. In this chapter some of the classic findings are discussed. More recent work using complex stimuli, attentional modulation, higher order motion, as well as modern neuro-imaging techniques has provided vision scientists with surprising new insights. Discussion of the related concepts of motion perception, motion transparency, and interocular transfer are included.
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Mruczek, Ryan E. B., D. Blair Christopher, Lars Strother, and Gideon P. Caplovitz. Dynamic Illusory Size Contrast. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0027.
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Static size contrast and assimilation illusions, such as the Ebbinghaus and Delboeuf illusions, show that the size of nearby objects in a scene can influence the perceived size of a central target. This chapter describes a dynamic variant of these classic size illusions, called the Dynamic Illusory Size-Contrast (DISC) effect. In the DISC effect, a surrounding stimulus that continuously changes size causes an illusory size change in a central target. The effect is dramatically enhanced in the presence of additional stimulus dynamics arising from eye movements or target motion. The chapter proposes that this surprisingly powerful effect of motion on perceived size depends on the degree of uncertainty inherent in the size of the retinal image of a moving object.
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MacBride, Fraser. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811251.003.0001.
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This introduction explains how the development of early analytic philosophy was interwoven with scepticism about the particular–universal distinction, that the failure of Kant’s efforts to transcendentally justify these concepts provided a crucial stimulus for the emergence of analytic philosophy under G.E. Moore and Russell. It outlines, how, in subsequent chapters, this line of influence is followed from the early Moore and Russell through to Wittgenstein’s own deduction of the general form of the proposition (‘es verhält sich so und so’) because this provides scant information about the tolerable arrangement of elements in judgement. F.P. Ramsey’s famous scepticism about the particular–universal distinction is a consequence of this. Wittgenstein and Ramsey’s cognate reflections mark the mature culmination of a line of reflection begun by Moore that thwarted Kant’s ambitions of deriving the categories from reflection upon the nature of judgement in favour of a more naturalistic outlook.
Book chapters on the topic "Scent stimuli"
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Shelton, Amy L., and Jeffrey M. Zacks. "Spatial Transformations of Scene Stimuli: It’s an Upright World." In Studying Visual and Spatial Reasoning for Design Creativity, 245–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9297-4_15.
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Morton, Thomas Hellman. "Archiving Odors." In Of Minds and Molecules. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128345.003.0025.
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In an ode addressed to his friend Fabullus, the Roman poet Catullus speaks of a fragrance so pleasing that “when you smell it you will beg the gods to make you all nose.” Would that the recipe for such a scent had been transmitted through the ages! Even today, however, it is not possible to document chemical composition with adequate fidelity to reconstruct an odor perfectly. Catullus writes that the gods of love gave the perfume to his girlfriend. Suppose such gods existed and could list the ingredients of its aroma. The list would contain hundreds—perhaps thousands—of chemical structures and their relative proportions. Very likely, many of the structures would stand for compounds that are currently unknown, but they could be synthesized in the laboratory. Would that knowledge permit me to reproduce the odor? This chapter argues that the answer remains uncertain. The current state of chemical knowledge can neither account for why an odor smells the way it does nor what determines its intensity. The recipe for replicating a sensory experience—what is essential and what is superfluous—remains obscure. The sense of smell challenges chemical understanding. On the one hand, given the structure of a new molecule a chemist can predict its spectroscopic properties over a wide domain of electromagnetic frequencies. A mixture ordinarily displays a spectrum that superimposes the spectra of its individual components, unless they physically interact with each other. In the chemical senses, on the other hand, perceptions of mixtures often cannot be inferred from their constituents, even though the components do not interact at the molecular level. Moreover, no one can reliably predict the organoleptic properties (taste or smell) of a new molecule from its structure. Even if that were possible, the English language does not offer a vocabulary with which to describe new smells, except by analogy to odors that are already familiar. The poverty of descriptors means that, in talking about olfactory stimuli, many people allude to direct experiences. These allusions call on memories of characteristic odors of familiar objects, which represent “unitary percepts.”
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Schmuker, Michael, and Gisbert Schneider. "Brain-Like Processing and Classification of Chemical Data." In Machine Learning, 1889–902. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-818-7.ch802.
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The purpose of the olfactory system is to encode and classify odorants. Hence, its circuits have likely evolved to cope with this task in an efficient, quasi-optimal manner. In this chapter the authors present a three-step approach that emulate neurocomputational principles of the olfactory system to encode, transform and classify chemical data. In the first step, the original chemical stimulus space is encoded by virtual receptors. In the second step, the signals from these receptors are decorrelated by correlation-dependent lateral inhibition. The third step mimics olfactory scent perception by a machine learning classifier. The authors observed that the accuracy of scent prediction is significantly improved by decorrelation in the second stage. Moreover, they found that although the data transformation they propose is suited for dimensionality reduction, it is more robust against overdetermined data than principal component scores. The authors successfully used our method to predict bioactivity of drug-like compounds, demonstrating that it can provide an effective means to connect chemical space with biological activity.
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Schmuker, Michael, and Gisbert Schneider. "Brain-like Processing and Classification of Chemical Data." In Chemoinformatics and Advanced Machine Learning Perspectives, 289–303. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-911-8.ch015.
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The purpose of the olfactory system is to encode and classify odorants. Hence, its circuits have likely evolved to cope with this task in an efficient, quasi-optimal manner. In this chapter the authors present a three-step approach that emulate neurocomputational principles of the olfactory system to encode, transform and classify chemical data. In the first step, the original chemical stimulus space is encoded by virtual receptors. In the second step, the signals from these receptors are decorrelated by correlation-dependent lateral inhibition. The third step mimics olfactory scent perception by a machine learning classifier. The authors observed that the accuracy of scent prediction is significantly improved by decorrelation in the second stage. Moreover, they found that although the data transformation they propose is suited for dimensionality reduction, it is more robust against overdetermined data than principal component scores. The authors successfully used our method to predict bioactivity of drug-like compounds, demonstrating that it can provide an effective means to connect chemical space with biological activity.
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Pal, Rajarshi. "Computational Models of Visual Attention." In Research Developments in Computer Vision and Image Processing, 54–76. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4558-5.ch004.
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Even the enormous processing capacity of the human brain is not enough to handle all the visual sensory information that falls upon the retina. Still human beings can efficiently respond to the external stimuli. Selective attention plays an important role here. It helps to select only the pertinent portions of the scene being viewed for further processing at the deeper brain. Computational modeling of this neuro-psychological phenomenon has the potential to enrich many computer vision tasks. Enormous amounts of research involving psychovisual experiments and computational models of attention have been and are being carried out all within the past few decades. This article compiles a good volume of these research efforts. It also discusses various aspects related to computational modeling of attention–such as, choice of features, evaluation of these models, and so forth.
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Pal, Rajarshi. "Computational Models of Visual Attention." In Computer Vision, 1–26. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5204-8.ch001.
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Even the enormous processing capacity of the human brain is not enough to handle all the visual sensory information that falls upon the retina. Still human beings can efficiently respond to the external stimuli. Selective attention plays an important role here. It helps to select only the pertinent portions of the scene being viewed for further processing at the deeper brain. Computational modeling of this neuro-psychological phenomenon has the potential to enrich many computer vision tasks. Enormous amounts of research involving psychovisual experiments and computational models of attention have been and are being carried out all within the past few decades. This article compiles a good volume of these research efforts. It also discusses various aspects related to computational modeling of attention–such as, choice of features, evaluation of these models, and so forth.
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Helgason, Agnar Freyr. "Government Responses to the Great Recession." In Welfare and the Great Recession, 59–80. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830962.003.0004.
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In this chapter Agnar Freyr Helgason focuses on the statistical profiles of government policies and outcomes after the crisis hit. The Great Recession is placed in the context of longer-term developments of financial crises. The economic growth context is outlined, as are current account balances and debt levels leading up to the crisis. The chapter also focuses on what fiscal policy measures affecting population welfare (automatic stabilizers versus discretionary measures) governments put in place. The extent of stimulus, austerity, taxation and transfers, and other social protection efforts are considered in turn. These three chapters making up Part I, as well as the Introduction, set the scene for the more detailed country case studies in Part II, by providing understanding of governments’ options and comparative perspectives and showing how populations were differentially affected.
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Joshi, Alark, Phan Luu, Don M. Tucker, and Steven Duane Shofner. "Leveraging Models of Human Reasoning to Identify EEG Electrodes in Images With Neural Networks." In Optoelectronics in Machine Vision-Based Theories and Applications, 106–33. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5751-7.ch005.
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Humans have very little trouble recognizing discrete objects within a scene, but performing the same tasks using classical computer vision techniques can be counterintuitive. Humans, equipped with a visual cortex, perform much of this work below the level of consciousness, and by the time a human is conscious of a visual stimulus, the signal has already been processed by lower order brain regions and segmented into semantic regions. Convolutional neural networks are modeled loosely on the structure of the human visual cortex and when trained with data produced by human actors are capable of emulating its performance. By black-boxing the low-level image analysis tasks in this way, the authors model solutions to problems in terms of the workflows of expert human operators, leveraging both the work performed pre-consciously and the higher-order algorithmic solutions employed to solve problems.
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Janssen-Lauret, Frederique, and Fraser MacBride. "W. V. Quine and David Lewis: Structural (Epistemological) Humility." In Quine, Structure, and Ontology, 27–55. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864288.003.0003.
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This chapter argues that W. V. Quine and D. K. Lewis, despite their differences and their different receptions, came to a common intellectual destination: epistemological structuralism. The chapter begins by providing an account of Quine’s epistemological structuralism as it came to its mature development in his final works, Pursuit of Truth (1990) and From Stimulus to Science (1995), and the chapter shows how this doctrine developed out of his earlier views on explication and the inscrutability of reference. It then turns to the correspondence between Quine and Lewis which sets the scene for Lewis’s adoption of structuralism vis-à-vis set theory in the Appendix to his Parts of Classes (1990). The chapter concludes, drawing further from Lewis’s correspondence, by arguing that Lewis proceeded from there to embrace in one of his own final papers, ‘Ramseyan Humility’ (2001), an encompassing form of epistemological structuralism, whilst discharging the doctrine of reference magnetism that had hitherto set Lewis apart from Quine.
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"Building Representations in Motivated Learning." In Reductive Model of the Conscious Mind, 203–42. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5653-5.ch007.
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If an intelligent system is to benefit from prior experiences, then such a system must have the ability to learn. Learning must lead to the gathering of new knowledge of increased complexity and is based on the exploration of the world and social interactions. In this chapter authors describe building representations in motivated learning, a process that is close to learning by natural systems and yields better learning results in artificial systems than reinforcement learning. An embodied agent's mission is to survive in an unfavorable environment. The agent must have needs whose fulfillment is a measure of its success – survival. Meeting these needs require physical and mental efforts, and the development of useful skills is associated with the development of intelligence. The agent's environment must provide conditions in which individuals will be subjected to pressure from an environment in which better solutions, greater skills, and broader knowledge count. The agent treats unmet needs as signals to act. The strength of these signals depends on the degree of unmet needs so that the agent can differentiate between them and compared them. Various need signals provide motivation for action and control the learning process. In complex environments, there are rules that regulate the relationships between objects. By discovering these rules, the machine gains knowledge about the environment. Knowledge is represented by building connections between neurons in semantic memory. New concepts, objects, needs, or motor skills are represented by adding new memory cells and by associating them with other concepts, actions, and needs. Whether or not a new object or idea is created in semantic memory depends on the mechanism of novelty detection. The more time an agent spends on working or playing with an object, the better it learns the object's physical properties and how to use it. The intended use of objects determines characteristic features needed to classify them. Initially, semantic memory does not store any concepts, does not know places, does not recognize any objects, and does not support any activities or motivations. New concepts or representations of objects emerge from observation and manipulation of objects. A virtual agent's semantic memory obtains symbolic representations of objects and their location or movement in the observed scene. The focus of perceptual attention may result from detection of novelty, change, movement, signal intensity, or meaning in the context of needs. Attention should be focused long enough for the working memory to evaluate how much observed object or considered plan is useful. The focus of attention must also be accompanied by the possibility of switching attention. The attention switching responds to various types of signals, from sensory stimuli through planning and monitoring of performed activities to associative activation of memory. It results from constant rivalry between these signals for attention.
Conference papers on the topic "Scent stimuli"
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Amores, Judith, and Pattie Maes. "Influencing Human Behavior by Means of Subliminal Stimuli using Scent, Light and Brain Computer Interfaces." In PETRA '16: 9th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2910674.2935853.
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Bruno, Fabio, Agostino Angilica, Francesco Cosco, Loris Barbieri, and Maurizio Muzzupappa. "Comparing Different Visuo-Haptic Environments for Virtual Prototyping Applications." In ASME 2011 World Conference on Innovative Virtual Reality. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/winvr2011-5533.
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The use of haptic devices in Virtual Reality applications makes the interaction with the digital objects easier, by involving the sense of touch in the simulation. The most widespread devices are stylus-based, so the user interacts with the virtual world via either a tool or a stylus. These kinds of devices have been effectively used in several virtual prototyping applications, in order to allow the users to easily interact with the digital model of a product. Among the several open issues related to these applications, there is the choice of the set-up and of the techniques adopted to combine the visual and the haptic stimuli. This paper presents the comparison of three different solutions specifically studied for virtual prototyping applications and in particular for usability assessment. The first is a simple desktop configuration where the user looks at a screen, and visual and haptic stimuli are presented in a de-located manner. The second is a HMD based set-up where the user has a more natural first-person immersive interaction. The third requires a video-see-trough HMD in order to augment the virtual scene with the visualization of the real user’s hand. The test realized with the users on these three different setups have been finalized to study the effect of two different factors that are crucial for the effectiveness and the user-friendliness of the interaction. One is the perception of the visual and haptic stimuli in a collocated manner; the other is the visualization of his/her own hand during the interaction with the virtual product.
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Carruthers, Christopher A., Bryan Good, Antonio D’Amore, Jun Liao, Rouzbeh Amini, Simon C. Watkins, and Michael S. Sacks. "Alterations in the Microstructure of the Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflet Under Physiological Stress." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80820.
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An improved understanding of mitral valve (MV) function remains an important goal for determining mechanisms underlying valve disease and for developing novel therapies. Critical to heart valve tissue homeostasis is the valvular interstitial cells (VICs), which reside in the interstitium and maintain the extracellular matrix (ECM) through both protein synthesis and enzymatic degradation [1]. There is scant quantitative experimental data on the alterations of the MV fiber network reorganization as a function of load, which is critical for implementation of computational strategies that attempt to link this meso-micro scale phenomenon. The observed large scale deformations experienced by VICs could be implicated in mechanotransduction [2], i.e., translation of mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals. Consequently, our goal was to quantitatively characterize the MV microstructure as a function of physiological loads, including localized 3D VIC deformations and relate it to the fiber network.
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Carruthers, Christopher A., Bryan Good, Antonio D’Amore, Rouzbeh Amini, Joseph H. Gorman, and Michael S. Sacks. "Physiological Micromechanics of the Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflet." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53637.
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An improved understanding of mitral valve (MV) function remains an important goal for determining mechanisms underlying valve disease and for developing novel therapies. Critical to heart valve tissue homeostasis is the valvular interstitial cells (VICs), which reside in the interstitium and maintain the extracellular matrix (ECM) through both protein synthesis and enzymatic degradation [1]. There is scant experimental data on the alterations of the MV fiber network reorganization as a function of load, which is critical for implementation of computational strategies that attempt to link this meso-micro scale phenomenon. The observed large scale deformations experienced by VICs could be implicated in mechanotransduction [2], i.e., translation of mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals. Consequently, our goal is to quantitatively connect organ level loads to cellular deformation as a function of the ECM fiber network. We hypothesize that cellular deformations are likely a complex function of collagen and elastin fiber mechanical properties, architecture, and cellular coupling to these fibers.
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Chen, Zhenzhong, and Wanjie Sun. "Scanpath Prediction for Visual Attention using IOR-ROI LSTM." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/89.
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Predicting scanpath when a certain stimulus is presented plays an important role in modeling visual attention and search. This paper presents a model that integrates convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (LSTM) to generate realistic scanpaths. The core part of the proposed model is a dual LSTM unit, i.e., an inhibition of return LSTM (IOR-LSTM) and a region of interest LSTM (ROI-LSTM), capturing IOR dynamics and gaze shift behavior simultaneously. IOR-LSTM simulates the visual working memory to adaptively integrate and forget scene information. ROI-LSTM is responsible for predicting the next ROI given the inhibited image features. Experimental results indicate that the proposed architecture can achieve superior performance in predicting scanpaths.