Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Scenarios'
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1
Holt, Jim, Kevin Metzger, Brandon Mizell, John Ross, Shelby Sheldon-Deuser, Luke Spencer, Katherine Stone, and Richard Veerman. "MIPS Scenarios." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6467.
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Rosales, Jorge Enrique. "Revolving Scenarios." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32872.
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Revolving Scenarios is an arts-performing center located in San Juan, Puerto Rico, intended to hold different cultural / theatrical and social events. The project is presented as a sequence of acts or events that directs the observer through its different spaces. Revolving scenarios becomes a performing piece which tries to recreate a monumental and dramatic architectural spectacle in itself. It is a play performing in the landscape where the visitors / spectators become the leading actor. Due to the nature of the buildingâ s geometry and location (inspired by the siteâ s curvilinear lines and the nautilus shell), the project continuously provides multiple opportunities for scenic tropes from the indoor / outdoors. Therefore, views revolve around the landscape, different theatre halls which continuously change and revolve around the theatrical spectacles.
As humans, we constantly move and live among scenarios that continuously change, evolve and revolve around ordinary life. The performing arts center becomes a microcosm of the macrocosmic everyday performances occurring in Puerto Rico. The performing piece allows us to expand our vision, vision of the worldâ ¦our worldviews. The thesis allowed discovering poetic architectural views revolving around the theatre, the arts and culture which are constantly changing and evolving along time.Master of Architecture
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Uchitel, Sebastian. "Incremental elaboration of scenario-based specifications and behaviour models using implied scenarios." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401938.
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Broms, Engblom Jacob. "Pattern Extraction : Scenarios." Thesis, Kungl. Konsthögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kkh:diva-505.
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"Pattern Extraction - Scenarios" is a documentation of experiences inside of the collective subconscious that is the internet and an attempt at understanding and highlighting mechanisms and effects of algorithmic governance and cultural automation.
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Imamoglu, Berker Yalin. "Operation Of Cascade Dams Considering Various Scenarios And Financial Analysis Of Scenarios." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615413/index.pdf.
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In assuring the energy supply of Turkey, hydroelectric energy plays one of the most important roles in
plans formulated to realize equilibrium between energy production and consumption. Hydroelectric
power plants on Murat River, a tributary of Euphrates, is a part of the development plan
for energy production.
Operation of four dams in cascade on Murat River are simulated by using program package HECResSim.
For this purpose, ten scenarios are formulated to utilize the hydraulic potential of Murat
River between the elevations of 870 m 1225 m. This study provides detailed financial analyses of
scenarios and shows how HEC-ResSim program can be used in formulation of alternative scenarios.
Electric energy storage requirement due to the rising demand for peaking power is creating a
completely new market value, which is also increasing the attractiveness of pumped storage power
plants. The results of the simulation performed in Scenario 10 in which two pumped storage power
plants are considered have 15% higher internal rate of return value than the other scenarios with
conventional turbines. Results demonstrate the increasing attractiveness of the cascade system with
reversible pump turbines.
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Penim, Ana Sofia Conceição. "Integrating the theme approach with aspectual scenarios." Master's thesis, FCT - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/1962.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia InformáticaAspect-oriented requirements engineering emerged to deal with crosscutting requirements, i.e. requirements that are scattered in the requirements document and tangled with other requirements. There are several aspect-oriented requirements approaches - Theme, proposed by Baniassad and Clarke [7], is one of them. This approach is characterized by the identification of a set of actions associated to verbs present in requirements documentation. These actions are then analyzed in order to identify crosscutting behaviours, each one constituting a potential theme. One problem with this approach is that the composition mechanism is not expressive enough even when the Theme models are integrated to analysis models (e.g. UML diagrams). The MATA approach [24] provides powerful composition mechanisms, based on graph transformations that used UML models, in particular behaviour models (e.g. sequence or activity like diagrams). These models express scenarios that constitute a very popular and used technique to specify a system’s behaviour. Therefore, the result of the integration of these two approaches will be synergetic. Also, considering that in a system not only the expected situations happen, scenarios can also be used to illustrate unexpected situations, making their treatment possible. Negative scenarios are thus also considered, besides the positive ones: their representation is similar, only differing from an optimist and mostly assumed vision of the system’s behavior. These scenarios could be identified with Theme and mapped into MATA. In summary, the objective of this dissertation is twofold: firstly, we will integrate Theme with Aspectual Scenarios (specified in MATA); secondly, we will extend Theme to include the modeling of negative scenarios. The result will be the synergy between two complementary techniques, including the specification of undesirable situations, where behavioral and structural aspect modeling are integrated.
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Dreborg, Karl Henrik. "Scenarios and structural uncertainty." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Infrastructure, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3697.
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Hoyle, Richard A. "Scenarios, discourse and translation." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844384/.
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This thesis demonstrates how new theories concerning language and cognition can be applied to our understanding of specific languages, and to the task of translation. Section one documents the theory of scenarios, how people store, categorize, and access information in the brain, and demonstrates how these mental scenarios are reflected in the grammar and lexicon of texts. It shows how scenarios shared by speaker and audience allow effective communication without enormous verbal detail, and explains how miscommunication occurs, especially across cultural and linguistic divides. Section two applies scenario theory to the Greek New Testament, demonstrating how specific grammatical forms, such as Participles and the Article, are linked to scenarios. This affects discourse analysis and exegesis, by giving textual evidence that certain scenarios are open, and thus certain information is implicit and intended to be communicated. Scenario theory is also applied to lexical choice, providing a theoretical framework for determining the topic of a passage, and clarifying exegetical decisions. Section three applies scenario theory to texts in the Parkari language of Pakistan. This not only helps in textual analysis, explaining the choice and significance of certain grammatical forms, but also demonstrates that although Parkari, like New Testament Greek and English, uses different grammatical forms depending on whether a scenario is currently open or not, the specific forms used differ between languages. Section four shows how the mismatch of mental scenarios, between original speakers of New Testament Greek and modem Parkaris, highlights potential problem areas in translation. It also suggests possible solutions to such problems, by using scenario theory not only to determine the author's intended meaning, but also to provide strategies for communicating that same meaning in translation, specifically addressing the issue of what information is implicit in the source text, and when and how to make it explicit in translation.
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Dolnicar, Sara, Friedrich Leisch, and Andreas Weingessel. "Artificial binary data scenarios." SFB Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1998. http://epub.wu.ac.at/846/1/document.pdf.
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This manual describes artificial binary data scenarios. These data sets can be used to compare the performance of algorithms for market segmentation. The data sets described in this manual are available as packages for R (Splus) and as ASCII-files under htttp://www.ci.tuwien.ac.at/SFB/. (author's abstract)Series: Working Papers SFB "Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science"
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Au, Oliver T. S. "Requirements specification using concrete scenarios." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6642.
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The precision of formal specifications allows us to prove program correctness. Even if formal methods are not used throughout the software project, formalisation improves our understanding of the problem. Formal specifications are amenable to automated analysis and consistency checking. However using them is challenging. Customers do not understand formal notations. Specifiers have difficulty tackling large problems. Once systems are built, formal specifications quickly become outdated during software maintenance. A method of developing formal specifications using concrete scenarios is proposed to tackle the disadvantages just mentioned. A concrete scenario describes system behaviour with successive steps. The pre- and post-states of scenario steps are expressed with actual data rather than variables. Concrete scenarios are expressed in a natural language or formal notation. They increase customer involvement in the creation of formal specifications. Scenarios may be ranked by priorities allowing specifiers to focus on a small part of the system. Formal specifications are constructed incrementally. New requirements are also captured in concrete scenarios which guide the modification of formal specifications. On one hand, concrete scenarios assist the creation and maintenance of formal specifications. On the other hand, they facilitate program correctness proofs without using conventional formal specifications. This is achieved by adding implementation details to customer scenarios. The resulting developer scenarios, encapsulating decisions of data structures and algorithms, are generalised to operation schemas. With the implementation details, the schemas written in formal notations are programs rather than specifications.
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Gudjonsdottir, Rosa. "Personas and Scenarios in Use." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Människa-datorinteraktion, MDI, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12834.
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Personas are fictitious characters that represent the needs of the intended users, and scenarios complementing the personas describe how their needs can be met. The present doctoral thesis considers the usage of personas and scenarios and how they are used in system development projects. The study is motivated by the relative lack of empirical data on the persona method in actual use. The study was carried out in the context of a large international research project called Nepomuk and involved two conceptually different field studies. On the one hand, field studies in user settings were conducted, which aimed at creating personas and scenarios, and for which a user-centered design approach was applied using participant observation, contextual interviews, video brainstorming and prototyping. On the other hand, a field study in the setting of the Nepomuk project itself was conducted, which aimed at observing how the personas and scenarios were received and used in the project work. The work conducted in the project setting was a multi-sited ethnographic field study, which was documented through ethnographic writing. The project setting field study showed that the persona method was difficult to put into consistent use, and the support of persona advocates guiding usage would have been helpful. The method was used without much effort to communicate about the needs and desires of the intended users, but was less successful in compelling project members to use personas and scenarios during various design activities. The field study also revealed alternative usages of the method that can be supported and utilized. The contributions of the thesis include an account of the effect the storytelling aspect has on the creation as well as usage of personas and scenarios. Also, the essential elements of constructing personas and scenarios are discussed as well as the prerequisites for making personas and scenarios support the design process in system development projects. Lastly, the thesis describes how personas and scenarios can support the communication of user needs and desires to project members and stakeholders as well as support design activities in system development projects.QC20100629
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James, Samuel Michael Fairhead. ""Effective Actions in Brane Scenarios"." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525047.
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CALISAYA, EDGAR SARMIENTO. "ANALYSIS OF NATURAL LANGUAGE SCENARIOS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=28193@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
A análise de requisitos desempenha um papel fundamental no processo de desenvolvimento de software. Neste sentido, representações de cenários baseados em linguagem natural são muitas vezes utilizados para descrever especificações de requisitos de software (SRS). Cenários descritos usando linguagem natural podem ser ambíguos e, às vezes, imprecisos. Este problema é parcialmente devido ao fato de que os relacionamentos entre os cenários são raramente representados explicitamente. Como os cenários são utilizados como entrada para as actividades subsequentes do processo de desenvolvimento de software (SD), é muito importante facilitar a sua análise; especialmente para detectar defeitos devido a informações erradas ou falta de informação. Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem baseada em Redes de Petri e técnicas de Processamento de Linguagem Natural como uma forma eficaz para analisar os cenários adquiridos, e que toma descrições textuais de cenários (em conformidade com um metamodelo definido neste trabalho) como entrada e gera um relatório de análise como saída. Para facilitar a análise automática, os cenários são transformados em Redes de Petri (Lugar/Transição) equivalentes. Os cenários e suas Redes de Petri resultantes podem ser analisados automaticamente para avaliar algumas propriedades relacionadas à desambiguidade, completeza, consistência e corretude. Os defeitos identificados podem ser rastreados até os cenários, permitindo a sua revisão. Nós também discutimos como desambiguidade, completeza, consistência e corretude das SRSs baseadas em cenários podem ser decompostas em propriedades relacionadas, e definimos heurísticas para encontrar indicadores de defeitos que prejudicam estas propriedades. Avaliamos nosso trabalho, aplicando a nossa abordagem de análise em quatro estudos de caso. Essa avaliação compara os resultados obtidos pela nossa abordagem automatizada contra os resultados obtidos por um processo de inspeção e com trabalhos relacionados.
Requirements analysis plays a key role in the software development process. Natural language-based scenario representations are often used for writing software requirements specifications (SRS). Scenarios written using natural language may be ambiguous, and, sometimes, inaccurate. This problem is partially due to the fact that relationships among scenarios are rarely represented explicitly. As scenarios are used as input to subsequent activities of the software development process (SD), it is very important to enable their analysis; especially to detect defects due to wrong information or missing information. This work proposes a Petri-Net and Natural Language Processing (NLP) based approach as an effective way to analyze the acquired scenarios, which takes textual description of scenarios (conform to a metamodel defined in this work) as input and generates an analysis report as output. To enable the automated analysis, scenarios are translated into equivalent Place/Transition Petri-Nets. Scenarios and their resulting Petri-Nets can be automatically analyzed to evaluate some properties related to unambiguity, completeness, consistency and correctness. The identified defects can be traced back to the scenarios, allowing their revision. We also discuss how unambiguity, completeness, consistency and correctness of scenario-based SRSs can be decomposed in related properties, and define heuristics for searching defect indicators that hurt these properties. We evaluate our work by applying our analysis approach to four case studies. The evaluation compares the results achieved by our tool-supported approach, with an inspection based approach and with related work.
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Barchers, Jeffrey D. (Jeffrey Daniel). "Entry guidance for abort scenarios." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47404.
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Johnston, Brian D., Diana L. Heiman, and K. Xixis. "Concussion Scenarios & Case Reviews." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8173.
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Pereira, Carlos Eduardo da Silva. "Dynamic evaluation for reactive scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/18043.
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Doutoramento em InformáticaA natureza dinâmica de cenários como Ambient Assisting Living e ambientes pervasivos e ubíquos criam contextos de avaliação exigentes que não são completamente considerados pelos métodos existentes. Esta tese defende que são possíveis avaliações que tenham em consideração a natureza dinâmica e heterogénea de ambientes reactivos, integrando aspectos como percepção e dependência de contexto, adaptabilidade ao utilizador, gestão de eventos complexos e diversidade de ambientes. O principal objectivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma solução que forneça aos avaliadores a possibilidade de definir e aplicar avaliações a utilizadores suportadas por um modelo de avaliação flexível, permitindo a criação e reutilização de instrumentos e especificações de avaliação sem modificar a infraestrutura geral. Para atingir este objectivo foi seguida uma abordagem de engenharia envolvendo: a) definição de requisitos; b) conceptualização de uma solução geral contendo um paradigma, uma metodologia, um modelo e uma arquitectura; c) implementação dos componentes nucleares; d) desenvolvimento e teste de provas de conceito. Como resultado principal obteve-se uma solução de avaliação dinâmica para ambientes reactivos integrando três partes essenciais: um paradigma, uma metodologia e uma arquitectura de suporte. No seu conjunto, esta solução permite a criação de sistemas de avaliação escaláveis, flexíveis e modulares para concepção de avaliações e aplicação em ambientes reactivos.
The dynamic nature of scenarios such as Ambient Assisting Living and Ubiquitous and Pervasive environments turns them into challenging evaluation contexts not properly addressed by existing methods. We argue that it is possible to have evaluations that take into consideration the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of reactive environments by integrating aspects such as context-awareness, user adaptability, complex event handling, and environment diversity. In this context, the main objective of this work was to develop a solution providing evaluators with the ability to de ne and apply evaluation tests to end-users supported by a exible evaluation model allowing them to create or reuse evaluation instruments and speci cations without changing the infrastructure or the need for other logistical necessities. To pursue this goal, we adopted an engineering approach encompassing: a) requirements de nition; b) conceptualization of a general solution comprising paradigm, methodology, model, and architecture; c) implementation of its core components; and d) development and deployment of a proof of concept. The result was a dynamic evaluation solution for reactive environments based on three major parts: a paradigm, a methodology and its model, and a support architecture. Altogether, they enable the creation of scalable, exible and modular evaluation systems for evaluation design and application in reactive environments. Overall, we consider that the proposed approach, due to its exibility and scope, widely surpasses the goals considered on the onset of this work. With a broad range of features it establishes itself as a general purpose evaluation solution, potentially applicable to a wider range of scenarios, and fostering the creation of ubiquitous and continuous evaluation systems.
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Utreras-Alarcon, Anibal A. "On Extended Wigner's Friend Scenarios." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/413987.
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The Wigner’s friend thought experiment involves two observers, a “superobserver” and a “friend”. The friend makes a measurement on a quantum system, and then the superobserver makes a measurement on the friend’s isolated laboratory, including the friend, provided that the superobserver has coherent quantum control of such a complex system. This can lead to an apparent contradiction where the superobserver claims the friend is in a superposition state, while the friend says they see a definite outcome. Recent years have seen an increase of interest in the Wigner’s friend experiment, as no-go theorems consider, in their derivations, extended Wigner’s friend scenarios in setups similar to a Bell scenario. These theorems argue that quantum theory is incompatible with sets of assumptions different from a local hidden variable model. One such theorem, by C. Brukner, introduced an extended Wigner’s friend scenario that I, along with other authors, later used to derive a no-go theorem for “Local Friendliness”, a set of assumptions weaker than Local Determinism, as unlike the latter, it does not make the assumption of Predetermination. In this thesis, I study the implications of Local Friendliness in two different extended Wigner’s friend scenarios, the one originally presented by Brukner, and another where the superobserver can interact with their friend at one of several points in time. I prove that not only is it possible for quantum mechanics to violate Local Friendliness, but also that it is always possible to find a scenario such that a violation of Bell inequalities in that scenario will be a result of a violation of Local Friendliness.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Arts, Education and Law
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Magrin, Andrea. "Multi-scale seismic hazard scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/8620.
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2011/2012Seismic hazard assessment can be performed following a neo-deterministic approach (NDSHA), which allows to give a realistic description of the seismic ground motion due to an earthquake of given distance and magnitude. The approach is based on modelling techniques that have been developed from a detailed knowledge of both the seismic source process and the propagation of seismic waves. This permits to define a set of earthquake scenarios and to simulate the associated synthetic signals without having to wait for a strong event to occur. NDSHA can be applied at different geographic scale with different detail levels of modelling. At local scale the source and site characteristics can be take account, whereas at the regional scale seismograms at the nodes of a regular grid are computed. Finite fault simulation is needed to compute realistic ground motions close to a ruptured fault. No reasonable deterministic prediction for many details of a future fault motion can be expected and their variability can be treated in practice only from a statistical viewpoint. Therefore, their effect is simulated through Monte-Carlo approach. To test the accuracy of the method, the L’Aquila earthquake occurred on April 6, 2009 has been modelled. The use of a realistic model for the representation of the extended fault introduces a stochastic element in NDSHA. So the variability due to the stochastic component of seismic source has been evaluated. In standard NDSHA at regional scale, seismograms are computed for an upper frequency content of 1 Hz. The use of a more realistic source model than the scaled point source that takes account of effective duration of rupture process allowed to extend the maximum frequency of computation of seismograms of national scale maps to 10 Hz. A first estimation of uncertainty due to the random representation of the source in national scale maps has been obtained by parametric tests on EU-India Grid infrastructure. NDSHA defines the hazard as the maximum ground motion at the site and it does not supply information about the frequency of occurrence of the expected ground motion. The standard procedure of NDSHA has been modified here, to take into account the additional information of recurrence. The introduction of recurrence estimates in NDSHA allows the generation of ground motion maps for specified return periods that permits a straightforward comparison between the NDSHA and the PSHA maps. Furthermore the map of the recurrence has been associated with standard map of ground motion.
La valutazione della pericolosità sismica può essere effettuata seguendo un approccio neo-deterministico (NDSHA) che permette di dare una descrizione realistica del moto del suolo dovuto a un terremoto di data distanza e magnitudo. L’approccio è basato su tecniche di modellazione che sono state sviluppate da una conoscenza dettagliata sia della sorgente che della propagazione delle onde sismiche. Questo permette di definire un set di terremoti di scenario e di simulare i segnali sintetici associati senza dover aspettare l’accadimento di un forte evento. La metodologia neo-deterministica può essere applicata a diverse scale geografiche cui corrispondono differenti livelli di dettaglio nella modellazione. A scala locale è possibile tenere conto delle caratteristiche specifiche della sorgente e del sito considerati, mentre a scala regionale vengono calcolati i sismogrammi ai nodi di una griglia regolare. Per simulare in modo realistico il moto del suolo in prossimità di una faglia è necessario usare un modello di sorgente estesa. Molti dettagli del processo di rottura sulla sorgente non possono essere predetti in modo deterministico e la loro variabilità può essere trattata solo da un punto di vista statistico. Di conseguenza i loro effetti vengono simulati attraverso una approccio Monte-Carlo. Per testare l’accuratezza del metodo è stato modellato il terremoto dell’Aquila del 6 aprile 2009. L’uso di un modello realistico di sorgente per la rappresentazione della sorgente estesa introduce un elemento stocastico nel metodo neo-deterministico. Si è quindi valutata la variabilità dei valori di picco dovuta alla modellazione della sorgente. Nella metodologia neo-deterministica scala regionale i sismogrammi vengono calcolati con una frequenza massima di 1 Hz. L’uso di un modello di sorgente piu` realistico rispetto a quello della sorgente puntiforme in grado di tener in conto dell’effettiva durata del processo di rottura ha consentito di estendere la frequenza massima di calcolo dei sismogrammi delle mappe di pericolosità nazionali a 10 Hz. Una prima stima dell’incertezza legata alla simulazione stocastica della sorgente sulle mappe a scala nazionale è stata ottenuta con l’uso di test parametrici condotti utilizzando l’infrastruttura informatica EU-India Grid. Il metodo neo-deterministico definisce la pericolosità come il massimo scuotimento al sito e non fornisce alcuna informazione sulla ricorrenza del moto del suolo atteso. La procedura è stata modificata per tener conto dell’informazione aggiuntiva della ricorrenza. In questo modo è stato possibile generare delle mappe di scuotimento per specifici periodi di ritorno che consentono un diretto confronto con le mappe probabilistiche. Inoltre alle mappe di massimo scuotimento sono state associate le rispettive mappe di ricorrenza del moto del suolo.
XXV Ciclo
1983
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Crociani, Daniela <1980>. "EoR in alternative cosmological scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1671/1/crociani_daniela_tesi.pdf.
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The aim of this Thesis is to investigate the possibility that the observations related to the epoch
of reionization can probe not only the evolution of the IGM state, but also the cosmological background in which this process occurs. In fact, the history of the IGM ionization is indeed affected
by the evolution of the sources of ionizing photons that, under the assumption of a structure formation paradigm determined by the hierarchic growth of the matter
uctuations, results strongly
dependent on the characteristics of the background universe.
For the purpose of our investigation, we have analysed the reionization history in innovative cosmological frameworks, still in agreement with the recent observational tests related to the SNIa and the CMB probes, comparing our results with the reionization scenario predicted by the commonly used LCDM cosmology. In particular, in this Thesis we have considered two different alternative
universes. The first one is a
at universe dominated at late epochs by a dynamic dark energy component, characterized by an equation of state evolving in time. The second cosmological framework we have assumed is a LCDM characterized by a primordial overdensity field having a non-Gaussian probability distribution.
The reionization scenario have been investigated, in this Thesis, through semi-analytic approaches
based on the hierarichic growth of the matter
uctuations and on suitable assumptions concerning
the ionization and the recombination of the IGM. We make predictions for the evolution and the
distribution of the HII regions, and for the global features of reionization, that can be constrained
by future observations. Finally, we brie
y discuss the possible future prospects of this Thesis work.
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Crociani, Daniela <1980>. "EoR in alternative cosmological scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1671/.
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The aim of this Thesis is to investigate the possibility that the observations related to the epoch
of reionization can probe not only the evolution of the IGM state, but also the cosmological background in which this process occurs. In fact, the history of the IGM ionization is indeed affected
by the evolution of the sources of ionizing photons that, under the assumption of a structure formation paradigm determined by the hierarchic growth of the matter
uctuations, results strongly
dependent on the characteristics of the background universe.
For the purpose of our investigation, we have analysed the reionization history in innovative cosmological frameworks, still in agreement with the recent observational tests related to the SNIa and the CMB probes, comparing our results with the reionization scenario predicted by the commonly used LCDM cosmology. In particular, in this Thesis we have considered two different alternative
universes. The first one is a
at universe dominated at late epochs by a dynamic dark energy component, characterized by an equation of state evolving in time. The second cosmological framework we have assumed is a LCDM characterized by a primordial overdensity field having a non-Gaussian probability distribution.
The reionization scenario have been investigated, in this Thesis, through semi-analytic approaches
based on the hierarichic growth of the matter
uctuations and on suitable assumptions concerning
the ionization and the recombination of the IGM. We make predictions for the evolution and the
distribution of the HII regions, and for the global features of reionization, that can be constrained
by future observations. Finally, we brie
y discuss the possible future prospects of this Thesis work.
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Kroneberg, André. "Innovation in Shipping by Using Scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-500.
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Sjöberg, Jonas, and Hugo Nissar. "Automated scheduling : Performance in different scenarios." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166446.
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Scheduling is and has always been a time consuming problem. While our everyday life becomes more automated, more things need to be scheduled. This report presents established algorithms for automated scheduling by conducting a basic study of relevant literature, while testing the speed of the algorithms for different scenarios. The study shows that from the most commonly used algorithms, the forward chaining is the fastest in most scenarios but will not always find a solution. A partial-order planner will always find the solution if there is one, but with the expense of time. The conclusion is that the partial-order algorithm performs better overall when reliability is more important than speed.
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Kuldkepp, Mattias. "Diagnostics for advanced fusion plasma scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Atomic and Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4221.
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Vogt, Brian D. "A Methodology to Assess UrbanSim Scenarios." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/17472.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedTurn-based strategy games and simulations are vital tools for military education, training, and readiness. In an era of increasingly constrained resources and expanding demand for training solutions, the need for validated, effective solutions will increase. Appropriate performance feedback is an important component of any training solution. Current methods for designing and testing the performance feedback provided in turn-based simulation are limited to well-structured problems and do not adequately address ill-structured problems that better replicate problems facing military leaders in todays complex operating environment. This thesis develops and explores new methods for assessing the feedback mechanisms of turn-based strategy games. Using UrbanSim, a game for training strategic approaches to COIN operations as an exemplar, this thesis developed and explored two unique methods for evaluating the reward structure of the UrbanSim scenarios. The first method evaluates different student strategies using a batch-run method. The second method uses a reinforcement-learning algorithm to explore the decision space. These scenario evaluation methodologies are shown to be able to provide insights about a games performance feedback mechanism that was not previously available. These methodologies can be used for formative evaluation during game scenario development. Additionally, these evaluation methodologies are generalizable to other training and education games that focus on ill-structured problems and decision-making at discrete intervals.
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Geyer, Alois, Michael Hanke, and Alex Weissensteiner. "No-Arbitrage Bounds for Financial Scenarios." Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2014.01.027.
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We derive no-arbitrage bounds for expected excess returns to generate scenarios used in financial
applications. The bounds allow to distinguish three regions: one where arbitrage opportunities will
never exist, a second where arbitrage may be present, and a third, where arbitrage opportunities
will always exist. No-arbitrage bounds are derived in closed form for a given covariance matrix
using the least possible number of scenarios. Empirical examples illustrate the practical potential
of knowing these bounds. (authors' abstract)
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Elliston, Joseph. "Observable predictions of generalised inflationary scenarios." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8457.
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Inflation is an early period of accelerated cosmic expansion, thought to be sourced by high energy physics. A key task today is to use the influx of increasingly precise observational data to constrain the plethora of inflationary models suggested by fundamental theories of interactions. This requires a robust theoretical framework for quantifying the predictions of such models; helping to develop such a framework is the aim of this thesis. We begin by providing the first complete quantization of subhorizon perturbations for the well-motivated class of multi-field inflationary models that possess a non-trivial field metric. In particular, the implications for the bispectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background (cmb) are potentially very exciting. The subsequent evolution of perturbations in the superhorizon epoch is then considered, via a covariant extension of the transport formalism. We demonstrate appropriate matching between the subhorizon and superhorizon calculations. With the aim of developing intuition about the relation between inflationary dynamics and the evolution of cosmic observables, we investigate analytic approximations of superhorizon perturbation evolution. The validity of these analytic results is contingent on reaching a state of adiabaticity which we discuss and illustrate in depth. We then apply our analytic methods to elucidate the types of inflationary dynamics that lead to an enhanced cmb non-Gaussianity, both in its bispectrum and trispectrum. In addition to deriving a number of new simple relations between the non-Gaussianity parameters, we explain dynamically how and why different shapes of inflationary potential lead to particular observational signals. In addition to multiple scalar fields, candidate theories of high energy physics include many possible modifications to the Einstein{Hilbert action. We consider the observational viability of single field chaotic inflation with additional corrections as motivated by low energy effective string theory. These new ingredients allow for consistency of chaotic inflationary models that are otherwise in tension with observational data.
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Loyd, Bernard. "Eastman Kodak equipment manufacturing--three scenarios." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101305.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1990 and Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-160).
by Bernard Loyd.
M.S.
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Pieslinger, Johan. "Social punishment : Evidence from experimental scenarios." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15464.
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Punishment is the act of penalizing an individual as a response to a transgression. This thesis will deal with punishment in experimental game scenarios and in experimental criminal punishment scenarios, along with their different adaptations. The aim will be to provide an overview of both psychological and neurological underpinnings of punishment by reviewing existing literature. While punishment ought to deter transgressions and promote cooperative behavior, internal neural reward-related systems seem to be a driving factor of the desire to punish wrongdoings. Decisions on whether a transgressor is guilty and deserves punishment is mediated by the medial prefrontal cortex with an emphasis on the ventromedial parts. External influences affect the behavioral output and its underlying neural signatures of punishment. Social context such as peer pressure and in-group bias emphasize the importance of theory of mind related areas when conducting punishment.
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Alam, Mohammad Saquib. "Automatic generation of critical driving scenarios." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288886.
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Despite the tremendous development in the autonomous vehicle industry, the tools for systematic testing are still lacking. Real-world testing is time-consuming and above all, dangerous. There is also a lack of a framework to automatically generate critical scenarios to test autonomous vehicles. This thesis develops a general framework for end- to- end testing of an autonomous vehicle in a simulated environment. The framework provides the capability to generate and execute a large number of traffic scenarios in a reliable manner. Two methods are proposed to compute the criticality of a traffic scenario. A so-called critical value is used to learn the probability distribution of the critical scenario iteratively. The obtained probability distribution can be used to sample critical scenarios for testing and for benchmarking a different autonomous vehicle. To describe the static and dynamic participants of urban traffic scenario executed by the simulator, OpenDrive and OpenScenario standards are used.Trots den enorma utvecklingen inom den autonoma fordonsindustrin saknas fortfarande verktygen för systematisk testning. Verklig testning är tidskrävande och framför allt farlig. Det saknas också ett ramverk för att automatiskt generera kritiska scenarier för att testa autonoma fordon. Denna avhandling utvecklar en allmän ram för end-to-end- test av ett autonomt fordon i en simulerad miljö. Ramverket ger möjlighet att generera och utföra ett stort antal trafikscenarier på ett tillförlitligt sätt. Två metoder föreslås för att beräkna kritiken i ett trafikscenario. Ett så kallat kritiskt värde används för att lära sig sannolikhetsfördelningen för det kritiska scenariot iterativt. Den erhållna sannolikhetsfördelningen kan användas för att prova kritiska scenarier för testning och för benchmarking av ett annat autonomt fordon. För att beskriva de statiska och dynamiska deltagarna i stadstrafikscenariot som körs av simulatorn används OpenDrive och OpenScenario-standarder.
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Ahmed, Samar. "Carbon neutral scenarios for Växjö municipality." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104962.
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Sweden’s municipalities are leading the green energy transition, in this study, a techno-economic evaluation was done for a number of carbon neutral scenarios for Växjö municipality’s future energy system, situated within Sweden’s projected energy demand development in 2030 and 2050. The municipality’s partially decentralized energy system relies heavily on interconnected electricity supply from the national grid, and fuels imports from other parts of Sweden. It was a matter of question: in which ways will future demand changes induce supply changes, and whether a future carbon neutral energy system will be less costly in a sustained-electricity supply condition? To answer this, a balanced energy reference system for the municipality was created from an actual energy balance, using an hour-by-hour dynamic energy analysis tool EnergyPlan. Afterward, a future energy demand projection for Växjö was stemmed from the Swedish Energy Agency (SEA) sustainable future scenarios for Sweden, based on an average inhabitant energy demand. Modelling results for Växjö carbon neutral scenarios showed that Växjö energy system will be sufficient to supply future heat demand but not electricity demand, nor transport and industrial fuels. While in the short-term being carbon neutral is more economically attainable without changes in electricity supply technologies, a projected electricity price and consumption increase, change the outcomes for a carbon neutral scenario based on Intermittent Renewable Energy (IRE) to be less costly in the long term.
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Normando, Paulo Garcia. "Spatial interference alignment under realistic scenarios." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/11051.
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MORMANDO, P. G. Spatial interference alignment under realistic scenarios. 2013. 65 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia de Teleinformática) – Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2013.Submitted by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br) on 2015-03-05T18:30:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_pgmormando.pdf: 993520 bytes, checksum: 5ab14e795c4ba9291b53267352f954ef (MD5)
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Due to the rapid growth and the aggressive throughput requirements of current wireless networks, such as the 4th Generation (4G) cellular systems, the interference has become an issue that cannot be neglected anymore. In this context, the Interference Alignment (IA) arises as a promising technique that enables transmissions free of interference with high-spectral efficiency. However, while recent works have focused mainly on the theoretical gains that the technique could provide, this dissertation aims to go a step further and clarify some of the practical issues on the implementation of this technique in a cellular network, as well as compare it to other well-established techniques. As an initial evaluation scenario, a 3-cell network was considered, for which several realistic factors were taken into account in order to perform different analyses. The first analysis was based on channel imperfections, for which the results showed that IA is more robust than Block Diagonalization (BD) regarding the Channel State Information (CSI) errors, but both are similarly affected by the correlation among transmit antennas. The impact of uncoordinated interference was also evaluated, by modeling this interference with different covariance matrices in order to mimic several scenarios. The results showed that modifications on the IA algorithms can boost their performance, with an advantage to the approach that suppresses one stream, when the Bit Error Rate (BER) is compared. To combine both factors, the temporal channel variations were taken into account. At these set of simulations, besides the presence of an external interference, the precoders were calculated using a delayed CSI, leading to results that corroborate with the previous analyses. A recurring fact on the herein considered analyses was the dilemma of weather to apply the Joint Processing (JP)-based algorithms in order to achieve higher sum capacities or to send the information through a more reliable link by using IA. A reasonable step towards solving this dilemma is to actually perform the packet transmissions, which was accomplished by employing a system-level simulator composed by a large number of Transmission Points (TPs). As a result, all analyses conducted with this simulator showed that the IA technique can provide an intermediate performance between the non-cooperation and the full cooperation scheme. Concluding, one of the main contributions of this work has been to show some scenarios/cases where the IA technique can be applied. For instance, when the CSI is not reliable it can be better to use IA than a JP-based scheme. Also, the modifications on the algorithms to take into account the external interference can boost their performance. Finally, the IA technique finds itself in-between the conventional transmissions and Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP). IA achieves an intermediate performance, while requiring a certain degree of cooperation among the neighboring sectors, but demanding less infrastructure than the JP-based schemes.
Devido ao rápido crescimento e os agressivos requisitos de vazão nas atuais redes sem fio, como os sistemas celulares de 4 a Geração, a interferência se tornou um problema que não pode mais ser negligenciado. Neste contexto, o Alinhamento de Interferência (IA) tem surgido como uma técnica promissora que possibilita transmissões livres de interferência com elevada eficiência espectral. No entanto, trabalhos recentes têm focado principalmente nos ganhos teóricos que esta técnica pode prover, enquanto esta dissertação visa dar um passo na direção de esclarecer alguns dos problemas práticos de implementação da técnica em redes celulares, bem como compará-la com outras técnicas bem estabelecidas. Uma rede composta por três células foi escolhida como cenário inicial de avaliação, para o qual diversos fatores realistas foram considerados de modo a realizar diferentes análises. A primeira análise foi baseada em imperfeições de canal, cujos resultados mostraram que o IA é mais robusto aos erros de estimação de canal que o BD (do inglês, Block Diagonalization), enquanto as duas abordagens são igualmente afetadas pela correlação entre as antenas. O impacto de uma interferência externa não-coordenada, que foi modelada por diferentes matrizes de covariância de modo a emular vários cenários, também foi avaliado. Os resultados mostraram que as modificações feitas nos algoritmos de IA podem melhorar bastante seus desempenho, com uma vantagem para o algoritmo que suprime um único fluxo de dados, quando são comparadas as taxas de erro de bit alcançadas por cada um. Para combinar os fatores das análises anteriores, as variações temporais de canal foram consideradas. Neste conjunto de simulações, além da presença da interferência externa, os pré-codificadores são calculados através de medidas atrasadas de canal, levando a resultados que corroboraram com as análises anteriores. Um fato recorrente percebido em todas as análises anteriores é o dilema entre aplicar os algoritmos baseados em BD, para que se consiga alcançar maiores capacidades, ou enviar a informação através de um enlace mais confiável utilizando o IA. Uma maneira de esclarecer este dilema é efetivamente realizar simulações a nível sistêmico, para isto foi aplicado um simulador sistêmico composto por um grande número de setores. Como resultado, todas as análises realizadas neste simulador mostraram que a técnica de IA atinge desempenhos intermediários entre a não cooperação e os algoritmos baseados na pré-codificação conjunta. Uma das principais contribuições deste trabalho foi mostrar alguns cenários em que a técnica do IA pode ser aplicada. Por exemplo, quando as estimações dos canais não são tão confiáveis é melhor aplicar o IA do que os esquemas baseados no processamento conjunto. Também mostrou-se que as modificações nos algoritmos de IA, que levam em consideração a interferência externa, podem melhorar consideravelmente o desempenho dos algoritmos. Finalmente, o IA se mostrou uma técnica adequada para ser aplicada em cenários em que a interferência é alta e não é possível ter um alto grau de cooperação entre os setores vizinhos.
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Barrientos, Jesús Emeterio Navarro. "Adaptive investment strategies for different scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16168.
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Die folgende Arbeit befasst sich mit den Untersuchungen von Problemen der Optimierung von Ressourcen in Umgebungen mit unvorhersehbarem Verhalten, wo: (i) nicht alle Informationen verfügbar sind, und (ii) die Umgebung unbekannte zeitliche Veränderungen aufweist. Diese Dissertation ist folgendermaßen gegliedert: Teil I stellt das Investitionsmodell vor. Es wird sowohl eine analytische als auch eine numerische Analyse der Dynamik dieses Modells für feste Investitionsstrategien in verschiedenen zufälligen Umgebungen vorgestellt. In diesem Investitionsmodell hängt die Dynamik des Budgets des Agenten x(t) von der Zufälligkeit der exogenen Rendite r(t) ab, wofür verschiedene Annahmen diskutiert wurden. Die Heavy-tailed Verteilung des Budgets wurde numerisch untersucht und mit theoretischen Vorhersagen verglichen. In Teil II wurde ein Investitionsszenario mit stilisierten exogenen Renditen untersucht, das durch eine periodische Funktion mit verschiedenen Arten und Stärken von Rauschen charakterisiert ist. In diesem Szenario wurden unterschiedliche Strategien, Agenten-Verhalten und Agenten Fähigkeiten zur Vorhersage der zukünftigen r(t) untersucht. Hier wurden Null-intelligenz-Agenten, die über technischen Analysen verfügen, mit Agenten, die über genetischen Algorithmen verfügen, verglichen. Umfangreiche Ergebnisse von Computersimulationen wurden präsentiert, in denen nachgewiesen wurde, dass für exogene Renditen mit Periodizität: (i) das wagemutige das vorsichtige Verhalten überbietet, und (ii) die genetischen Algorithmen in der Lage sind, die optimalen Investitionsstrategien zu finden und deshalb die anderen Strategien überbieten. Obwohl der Schwerpunkt dieser Dissertation im Zusammenhang mit dem Gebiet der Informatik präsentiert wurde, können die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse auch in Szenarien angewendet werden, in denen der Agent anderere Arten von Ressourcen steuern muss, wie z.B. Energie, Zeitverbrauch, erwartete Lebensdauer, etc.The main goal of this PhD thesis is to investigate some of the problems related to optimization of resources in environments with unpredictable behavior where: (i) not all information is available and (ii) the environment presents unknown temporal changes. The investigations in this PhD thesis are divided in two parts: Part I presents the investment model and some analytical as well as numerical analysis of the dynamics of this model for fixed investment strategies in different random environments. In this investment model, the dynamics of the investor''s budget x(t) depend on the stochasticity of the exogenous return on investment r(t) for which different model assumptions are discussed. The fat-tail distribution of the budget is investigated numerically and compared with theoretical predictions. Part II investigates an investment scenario with stylized exogenous returns characterized by a periodic function with different types and levels of noise. In this scenario, different strategies, agent''s behaviors and agent''s capacities to predict the future r(t) are investigated. Here, ''zero-intelligent'' agents using technical analysis (such as moving least squares) are compared with agents using genetic algorithms to predict r(t). Results are presented for extensive computer simulations, which shows that for exogenous returns with periodicity: (i) the daring behavior outperforms the cautious behavior and (ii) the genetic algorithm is able to find the optimal investment strategy by itself, thus outperforming the other strategies considered. Finally, the investment model is extended to include the formation of common investment projects between agents. Although the main focus of this PhD thesis is more related to the area of computer science, the results presented here can be also applied to scenarios where the agent has to control other kinds of resources, such as energy, time consumption, expected life time, etc.
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Iodice, Enrichetta. "Formation Scenarios for Polar Ring Galaxies." Doctoral thesis, SISSA, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/4321.
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MORELLI, Alessandro. "Communications Middleware for Challenging Networking Scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2403411.
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Le reti di prossima generazione, che stanno emergendo nei moderni scenari smart city, e le reti tattiche (che sono alla base delle tecniche di guerra all’avanguardia) sono scenari estremamente complessi con molte caratteristiche in comune. Frequenti disconnessioni e perdita di pacchetti, alta mobilità dei nodi e scarsa disponibilità di risorse rendono tali scenari di rete fortemente inadatti per supportare applicazioni basate su soluzioni di networking tradizionali. Ciò rende necessario sviluppare nuovi tipi di approccio che siano in grado di fornire una qualità del servizio sufficiente e le necessarie semantiche di comunicazione alle future applicazioni militari e di prossima generazione. A questo scopo, la Tesi presenta alcune soluzioni a livello middleware che sono il risultato di un esteso lavoro di ricerca e progettazione. Agile Computing Middleware è una soluzione specificatamente sviluppata per supportare applicazioni che lavorano in ambienti wireless estremamente complessi e dinamici. Fra i suoi componenti, NetProxy è un proxy di rete trasparente che abilita il riuso di applicazioni legacy e “Commercial Off-The-Shelf” su reti tattiche rimappando le richieste applicative sul giusto insieme di paradigmi di comunicazione e funzionalità offerti dal middleware. Un altro componente di Agile Computing Middleware è DisService, per il quale ho sviluppato un’estensione che prevede i futuri contatti con alcuni nodi della rete per ridurre il carico sulla rete cellulare e ottimizzare l’allocazione di risorse scarse. Infine, ICeDiM è un middleware che introduce il concetto di Canali di Disseminazione a livello Applicativo per coinvolgere gli utenti nella condivisione di risorse e, al contempo, controllarne la loro allocazione a livello di middleware. I risultati ottenuti da diversi esperimenti, effettuati sia in ambiente simulato che in scenari reali, mostrano che le soluzioni proposte possono migliorare efficacemente la qualità del servizio offerto alle applicazioni.Next-generation networks, which are arising in modern scenarios such as smart cities, and tactical edge networks (the basis for modern warfare in the battlefield) are extremely challenging scenarios with many common characteristics. Frequent link disruption and packet loss, nodes’ mobility, and scarce resource availability make such networking scenarios not suitable for applications that rely on traditional networking solutions. This calls for new approaches that provide sufficient quality of service and the necessary communication semantics to support applications in next-generations and tactical edge networks. For this purpose, the Thesis presents middleware-level solutions that are the result of extended research and design efforts. The Agile Computing Middleware is a solution specifically designed to support applications running in extremely dynamic and challenging wireless networks. Among its components, NetProxy is a transparent network proxy that enables the reuse of Commercial Off-The-Shelf and legacy applications in tactical edge networks by remapping application requests over the right set of paradigms and features provided by the middleware. An extension of DisService, another component of the Agile Computing Middleware, exploits the prediction of future contacts with nodes to promote mobile data offloading for the cellular network and optimize of the allocation of scarce resources. Finally, ICeDiM is a solution that introduces the concept of Application-level Dissemination Channels to engage users in the resource sharing process while also controlling resource allocation at the middleware level. The results obtained from several experiments run in both simulated and real world scenarios show that the proposed solutions can effectively improve the quality of service offered to applications.
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Karlsson, Anna. "Klimatförändringars påverkan på tromber i USA." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296098.
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A tornado is a violent rotating column of air hanging from the cloud base of a thunderstorm. They occur most frequently in the United States, about 1000 tornadoes every year, but they can also take place in other parts of the world. For a tornado to arise the atmosphere has to be in a specific state. The state includes a steep lapse rate, a significant difference in wind speed between the ground and at 1 km altitude and moisture represented by a low cloud base level. With these three parameters present there is a good chance that a tornado will form. A tornado alone is not possible to predict with the technology that is available today, but the parameters that were just mentioned are. With climate models and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP-scenarios) the future climate can be investigated based on greenhouse gas emissions among other things. In this research occurrence of the three parameters in the area of the United States with most tornado activity during a period of 30 years in present time was compared to a period of 30 years in the future for two different RCP-scenarios. The result was calculated to see how many times and days the three parameters occurred both at the same time and individually. It was seen that the amount of times they occurred corresponded to what was expected from the theory, about 1000 every year for both time periods. Thereby no difference was seen in the frequency of tornadoes today compared to any of the future scenarios. A difference that could be determined however was the amount of days in which they occurred. The criteria for a tornado was met in 623 days for present time, compared to RCP 8.5, which is the RCP-scenario with the largest amount of greenhouse gas emissions, where the criteria was met 655 days. RCP 2.6 that is the least devastating scenario with the smallest amount of greenhouse gas emissions had the lowest amount of 604 possible tornado days.En tromb är ett väderfenomen som består av en intensivt roterande luftpelare mellan ett åskmoln och jordytan. De förekommer över hela världen men är vanligast i USA där det bryter ut ungefär 1000 stycken varje år. För att en tromb ska uppstå krävs det att atmosfären i området har några speciella egenskaper. Den ska vara instabilt skiktad, vilket kan förknippas med ett kraftigt temperaturavtagande med höjd, ha stor skillnad i vindhastighet mellan marken och 1 km upp, samt ha hög relativ luftfuktighet vilket indikeras av en låg molnbas. Är dessa tre kriterier uppfyllda samtidigt finns en möjlighet för en tromb att bildas. Enskilda trombers existens kan inte förutspås med dagens teknik eftersom de är kortlivade väderfenomen och inte en del av ett större vädersammanhang. Med dagens klimatmodeller och Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP-scenarier) kan däremot olika väderparametrars förekomst i framtiden undersökas bl.a. med avseende på mängden utsläpp av växthusgaser. I den här studien har de tre ovan nämnda parametrarnas förekomst analyserats för det mest trombdrabbade området i USA och jämförts under en 30-årsperiod i nutid med en 30-årsperiod i framtiden för två olika RCP-scenarier. Resultatet togs fram utifrån hur många tillfällen och dagar som de tre parametrarna uppfylldes både enskilt och samtidigt. Antalet tillfällen de uppfylldes samtidigt motsvarade statistiken över trombförekomst relativt bra med ungefär 1000 gånger per år i båda tidsperioderna. Det var därmed ingen större skillnad mellan antalet potentiella tromber idag jämfört med något av RCP-scenarierna i framtiden. Däremot var det en viss skillnad på hur många dagar det finns en chans att det bildas tromber. Kriterierna uppfylldes under 623 dagar i nutid jämfört med 655 dagar i RCP-8.5, vilket är scenariot med störst andel utsläpp av växthusgaser. Under RCP-2.6, det mildaste scenariot med minst utsläpp, uppfylldes kriterierna under 604 dagar, färre än både nutid och RCP 8.5.
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Arikoglu, Emine Serap. "The impact of scenarios and personas on requirement elicitation : an experimental study." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENI033/document.
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La problématique centrale de la thèse est l'évaluation de l'impact de démarches utilisant la formulation de scénarios et de personnages sur les phases d'expression des besoins en conception innovante. La méthodologie de recherche mise en œuvre est une démarche empirique qui s'appuie sur l'analyse de situations de conception. Au cours du doctorat, un protocole expérimental mis en œuvre a été dupliqué trois fois dans des laboratoires partenaires. Cette recherche aboutit à un mémoire de thèse qui présente plusieurs contributions : La première contribution se situe autour de la méthodologie de recherche proposée. Le protocole d'étude empirique mis en place est original, il s'appuie sur l'état de l'art des réflexions de la communauté et sur ces démarches de recherche, et proposes des éléments nouveaux à cette réflexion en conciliant approches quantitatives et qualitatives. La seconde contribution porte sur la caractérisation de l'impact des méthodologies étudiées sur la construction d'une représentation partagée du problème de conception et de la formalisation des exigences de conception. Enfin la troisième contribution porte sur l'analyse des interactions dans les activités de conception étudiées. Les analyses identifient et qualifient les impacts des méthodes étudiées sur le contenu des interactions dans les phases amont de la conceptionIn this study, we are more concerned with the early stages of the new product design: the product definition phase. The fundamental purpose of this phase is to gather right kind of information in a way that allows the formalization of stakeholder needs into a set of requirements. Literature review on this phase shows the difficulty to elicit needs of so called intended users and have a shared understanding of their requirements between design actors. To overcome these obstacles, support methods can be used. However, the appropriateness and effectiveness of the various methods is unknown. Our assumption in this research project is that scenarios and personas can be used as support methods to handle above-mentioned obstacles. An experiment is designed and conducted in a laboratory environment in order to test this assumption. The question of whether they have an impact on the creation of shared understanding between design actors is discussed under two sub-categories: perspective clarification and convergence to a common perspective. On the other hand, their impact on the elicitation of the intended user requirements is observed under three sub-categories: requirement elicitation, capture of the design rationale and creation of the empathy. Some qualitative and quantitative indicators are proposed to evaluate these impacts. Based on the analysis of seven observed collaborative design sessions, the findings of research study are discussed. The results points out that the major impact of these methods is that they evoke empathy for the intended users. In the groups that these methods are used the discussions are also richer regarding to the number of different needs are addressed. Moreover, these methods are also promising to keep the trace of design rationale. However design actors have tendency to accept them just as communication support, rather than documentation one. As a communication support they help design actors to clarify their arguments, to negotiate and to take decisions. However, the findings were not adequate to conclude that they have a significant impact on the perspective clarification and convergence. Hence, the main contribution of this research lies from one part in the evaluation of the impacts of these methods in requirement elicitation activity. And, in other part description of a research approach, which guides the experimental study in engineering design
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Girod, Bastien. "Why six baseline scenarios? a research on the reasons for the growing baseline uncertainty of the IPCC scenarios /." Zürich : ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, HES, Institute for Human-Environment Systmes, 2006. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=277.
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Uhler-Kim, Eun Suk. "Scenarios for Korean reunification the political dimension /." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/06604243001/$FILE/06604243001.pdf.
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Gracht, Heiko A. Gracht Heiko A. von der. "The future of logistics scenarios for 2025 /." Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9764-7.
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Akhmetov, Artur. "Analysis of attack scenarios on chemical facilities." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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In current work the security of chemical facilities is addressed with regard to the elevated terrorist threat due to recent wave of terrorist attacks. Security Vulnerability Assessment using the ANSI/API Standard 780 methodology is conducted. The methodology is applied on an arbitrarily selected oil refinery in Europe as defined in a case study. The facility is characterised in terms of hazards and critical assets. In the course of the assessment 5 attack scenarios are developed. Forensic data about adversary weaponry and capabilities is collected. Vulnerabilities of the selected oil refinery are revealed. The consequences of the formulated scenarios are assessed based on the blast effects of probable improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The blast waves produced by IEDs are simulated in CONWEP© software. The ‘overpressure vs range’ and ‘penetration vs range’ graphs are extracted as a result of the simulation. Afterwards, the escalation thresholds with respect to different types of equipment are applied in order to verify further knock-on effects. Moreover, several overpressure values corresponding to catastrophic rupture, steel support breakage, deformation of vessel are employed in order to estimate the impact zones. Injuries, probable fatalities and glass wounds stand-off zones are estimated. As for human injuries and structural damage, probit analysis is carried out and a percentage of exposed people and buildings is evaluated. Finally, a set of security countermeasures with regard to uncovered vulnerabilities is proposed.
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Mondéjar, Andreu Rubén. "Distributed aop middleware for large-scale scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8486.
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En aquesta tesi doctoral presentem una proposta de middleware distribuït pel desenvolupament d'aplicacions de gran escala. La nostra motivació principal és permetre que les responsabilitats distribuïdes d'aquestes aplicacions, com per exemple la replicació, puguin integrar-se de forma transparent i independent. El nostre enfoc es basa en la implementació d'aquestes responsabilitats mitjançant el paradigma d'aspectes distribuïts i es beneficia dels substrats de les xarxes peer-to-peer (P2P) i de la programació orientada a aspectes (AOP) per realitzar-ho de forma descentralitzada, desacoblada, eficient i transparent. La nostra arquitectura middleware es divideix en dues capes: un model de composició i una plataforma escalable de desplegament d'aspectes distribuïts. Per últim, es demostra la viabilitat i aplicabilitat del nostre model mitjançant la implementació i experimentació de prototipus en xarxes de gran escala reals.In this PhD dissertation we present a distributed middleware proposal for large-scale application development. Our main aim is to separate the distributed concerns of these applications, like replication, which can be integrated independently and transparently. Our approach is based on the implementation of these concerns using the paradigm of distributed aspects. In addition, our proposal benefits from the peer-to-peer (P2P) networks and aspect-oriented programming (AOP) substrates to provide these concerns in a decentralized, decoupled, efficient, and transparent way. Our middleware architecture is divided into two layers: a composition model and a scalable deployment platform for distributed aspects. Finally, we demonstrate the viability and applicability of our model via implementation and experimentation of prototypes in real large-scale networks.
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Martín, Campillo Abraham. "Triage applications and communications in emergency scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117616.
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El triatge de víctimes és una de les primeres i més importants tasques a realitzar en arribar a un escenari d'emergència. Aquest procés prioritza l'atenció mèdica a les víctima en base al nivell de les seves lesions. Aquest procés és molt important per a una assignació de recursos eficient i eficaç, sobretot en emergències de gran abast amb un gran nombre de víctimes. El procés de classificació de víctimes tradicional utilitza etiquetes de triatge com a indicador de l'estat de la víctima, una solució que comporta alguns inconvenients: Els metges han d'acostar-se a la víctima per veure el seu estat en l'etiqueta de paper, la pèrdua de l'etiqueta de triatge, etc. Avui dia, la informatització de les etiquetes de classificació és essencial per a una coordinació i atenció a les víctimes més ràpida. No obstant això, els escenaris d'emergència usualment es caracteritzen per la falta de xarxes sense fils disponibles per al seu ús. Xarxes sense fils basades en infraestructura com les xarxes de telefonia mòbil o les xarxes Wi-Fi solen destruir-se o saturar-se a causa d'un gran intent d'utilització o per la mateixa naturalesa de l'emergència. Algunes solucions proposen l'ús de sensors i la creació d'una xarxa de sensors sense fils per transmetre l'estat i la posició de les víctimes o el desplegament de repetidors per crear una MANET completament connectada. No obstant això, en grans emergències, això pot no ser possible a causa de l'extensió d'aquesta o pot no ser viable a causa del temps requerit per desplegar els repetidors. Aquesta tesi analitza les situacions d'emergència des del punt de vista de xarxes i comunicacions. Es proposa un sistema per a la classificació electrònica de víctimes fins i tot en casos sense cap tipus de xarxa disponible gràcies a la utilització de xarxes oportunistes i agents mòbils. També s'analitza el rendiment dels protocols de forwarding a les zones de desastre i es proposen algunes millores per reduir el consum d'energia.El triaje de víctimas es una de las primeras y más importantes tareas al llegar a un escenario de emergencia. Este proceso prioriza la atención médica a las víctima en base al nivel de sus lesiones. Este proceso es muy importante para una asignación de recursos eficiente y eficaz, sobretodo en emergencias de gran abasto con un gran número de víctimas. El proceso de clasificación de víctimas tradicional utiliza etiquetas de triaje como indicador del estado de la víctima, una solución que con algunos inconvenientes: Los médicos tienen que acercarse a la víctima para ver su estado en la etiqueta de papel, la pérdida de la etiqueta de triaje, etc. Hoy en día, la informatización de las etiquetas de clasificación es esencial para una coordinación y atención a las víctimas más rápida. Sin embargo, los escenarios de emergencia usualmente se caracterizan por la falta de redes inalámbricas disponibles para su uso. Redes inalámbricas basadas en infraestructura como las redes de telefonía móvil o las redes Wi-Fi suelen destruirse o saturarse debido un gran intento de utilización o a la misma naturaleza de la emergencia. Algunas soluciones proponen el uso de sensores y la creación de una red de sensores inalámbricos para transmitir el estado y la posición de las víctimas o el despliegue de repetidores para crear una MANET completamente conectada. Sin embargo, en grandes emergencias, esto puede no ser posible debido a la extensión de esta o puede no ser viable debido al tiempo requerido para desplegar los repetidores. Esta tesis analiza las situaciones de emergencia desde el punto de vista de redes y comunicaciones. Se propone un sistema para la clasificación electrónica de víctimas incluso en casos sin ningún tipo de red disponible gracias a la utilización de redes oportunistas y agentes móviles. También se analiza el rendimiento de los protocolos de forwarding en las zonas de desastre y se proponen algunas mejoras para reducir el consumo de energía.
Triaging victims is the first and foremost task in an emergency scenario. This process priorizes victim's attention based on their injuries, very important for an efficient and effective resource allocation in mass casualty incidents which large amount of victims. Traditional triage process used paper triage tags as victim's injury level indicator, a solution that had some drawbacks: first responder had to go to the each victim to see their injury level on the paper triage tag, loss of the triage tag, etc. On today emergencies, an electronic triage tag is essential for a faster coordination and attention to victims. However, emergency scenarios are usually characterized by the lack of wireless networks to rely on. Infrastructure based wireless networks as mobile phone networks or Wi-Fi networks are usually destroyed or overused due to the very nature of the emergency. Some solutions propose the use of sensors, creating a wireless sensor networks to transmit the injury level and position of the victim or deploying repeaters to create a fully connected MANET. However, in large emergencies this may not be possible and the time required to deploy all the repeaters could be not worth. This thesis analyses emergencies from the communication point of view. It proposes a system for the electronic triage of victims and emergency management to work even in worst cases scenarios from the network communications perspective thanks to the use of opportunistic networks and mobile agents. It also analyses the performance of several forwarding protocols in disaster areas and proposes some improvements to reduce energy consumption.
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Juárez, Rodríguez Carmen. "Collapse scenarios in magnetized star-forming regions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/459253.
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Turbulence, magnetic fields and gravity driven flows are important for the formation of new stars. Although magnetic fields have been proven to be important in the formation of stars, only a few works have been done combining magnetic field and kinematic information. Such studies are important to analyze both gravity and gas dynamics and be able to compare them with the magnetic field. In this thesis we will combine dust polarization studies with kinematic analysis towards different star-forming regions. We aim to study the physical properties at core scales (<0.1 pc) from molecular line and dust emission, and study the role of the magnetic field in their dynamic evolution. For this, we will use millimeter and submillimeter observational data taken towards low- and high- mass star-forming regions in different environments and evolutionary states.
The first project is the study of the physical, chemical and magnetic properties of the pre-stellar core FeSt1-457 in the Pipe nebula. We studied the emission of the molecular line N2H+(1-0) which is a good tracer of dense gas and therefore describes well the structure of the core. In addition, we detected more than 15 molecular lines and found a clear chemical spatial differentiation for molecules with nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Using the ARTIST radiative transfer code (Brinch & Hogerheijde 2010, Padovani et al., 2011, 2012, Jørgensen et al., 2014), we simulated the emission of the different molecules detected and estimated their abundance. In addition, we estimated the magnetic field properties of the core (using the Chandrasekhar-Fermi approximation) from polarization data previously obtained by Alves et al., (2014). Finally, we found interesting correlations between the polarization properties and the chemistry in the region.
The second project is the study of a high-mass star-forming region called NGC6334V. NGC6334V is in a more advanced evolutionary state and in an environment surrounded by other massive star-forming regions. During the project we studied the magnetic field from the polarized emission of the dust and also the kinematics of the gas from the molecular line emission of the different tracers of dense gas. From the molecular emission of the gas tracing the envelope of the dense core, we see two different velocity structures separated by 2 km/s and converging towards the potential well in the region. In addition, the magnetic field also presents a bimodal pattern following the distribution of the two velocity structures. Finally, we compared the observational results with 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of star-forming regions dominated by gravity.
The last project is the study of a lower-mass star-forming region, L1287. From the data obtained with the SMA, the dust continuum structure shows six main dense cores with masses between ~0.4 and 4 solar masses. The dense gas tracer DCN(3-2) shows two velocity structures separated by 2-3 km/s, converging towards the highest-density region, the young stellar object IRAS00338+6312, in a similar scenario to the one observed in the higher-mass case of NGC6334V.
Finally, the studies of the pre-stellar core FeSt1-457 and the massive region NGC6334V, show how the magnetic field has been overcome by gravity and is not enough to avoid the gravitational collapse. In addition, NGC6334V and the lower- mass region L1287 present very similar scenarios with the material converging from large scales (~0.1 pc) to the potential wells of both regions at smaller scales (~0.02 pc) through two dense gas flows separated by 2-3 km/s. In a similar scenario, FeSt1-457 is located just in the region where two dense gas structures separated by 3 km/s appear to converge.La turbulencia, el campo magnético y la gravedad juegan un papel importante en la formación estelar. Aunque se ha mostrado que el campo magnético es importante, sólo se han llevado a cabo un número limitado de trabajos combinando el estudio del campo magnético y la cinemática del gas. Este tipo de trabajos son esenciales para estudiar la gravedad y la dinámica del gas y poder compararlas con el campo magnético a las mismas escalas espaciales. En este trabajo combinamos estudios de polarización a partir de la emisión del polvo, con el análisis de la cinemática del gas en diferentes regiones de formación estelar. El objetivo es estudiar las propiedades físicas a escalas de núcleos densos (<0.1 pc) a partir de la emisión molecular y del polvo, y estudiar el papel del campo magnético en la evolución dinámica de las regiones. Para ello hemos utilizado datos observacionales milimétricos y submilimétricos. Los estudios se han realizado en 3 regiones de formación estelar. El núcleo pre- estelar FeSt 1-457 localizado en un entorno aislado y muy magnetizado en la nebulosa de la Pipa. NGC 6334 V, una región de mayor masa, en un estado evolutivo más avanzado y en un entorno rodeado de otras regiones de formación estelar masiva. Y L1287, una región menos masiva pero con características similares a NGC 6334 V, con presencia de gas de alta velocidad y fuentes centimétricas e infrarrojas. Los estudios del núcleo pre-estelar FeSt 1-457 y la región de formación estelar de alta masa NGC 6334 V, muestran como el campo magnético ha sido superado por la gravedad y no es suficiente para evitar el colapso gravitatorio. Además NGC 6334 V y la región de menor masa L1287 presentan escenarios muy similares, con el material convergiendo desde escalas grandes hacia los pozos de potencial de ambas regiones a escalas más pequeñas a través de flujos de gas denso separados por 2-3 km/s. En un escenario parecido, FeSt 1-457 se encuentra justo en la zona donde parecen converger dos flujos de gas denso separados por 3 km/s.
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Von, der Gracht Heiko A. Jahns Christopher. "The future of logistics scenarios for 2025 /." Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2008. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10245906.
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Begg, James David. "Radionuclide biogeochemistry in UK contaminated land scenarios." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491755.
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Technetium and uranium are radionuclides found in groundwaters at sites where nuclear wastes have been processed or stored. As a result, increasing understanding of the mobility of these radioactive contaminants in the environment is required in order to predict their movement in the sub-surface and to develop efficient remediation of contaminated environments. The redox chemistry of both technetium and uranium exerts a strong control on their environmental behaviour. Unde~ oxic conditions, mobile Tc(VII) and U(VI) species dominate. In contrast, under reducing conditions the Tc(IV) and U(IV) oxidation states predominate and are poorly soluble. A change in oxidation state of both Tc and U can be effected by indigenous microbial activity in natural soils and sediments. As a result, indigenous microbes may play an important role in controlling the environmental behaviour of both these redox active radionuclides. Here, a multidisciplinary approach is applied in order to identifY biogeochemical factors that control the redox state and environmental behaviour of Tc and U in soil from the UKAEA operated site at Dounreay, UK. Microcosm experiments containing soil from the site' at Dounreay showed that indigenous microbial activity caused removal of Tc(VII) from solution during anaerobic incubation and was most likely mediated by '~'-------abiotic~reauCtiori-of-Tc(VII)-wiih microbially -pro-dilced---Fe(II).--X,:ray -absc)rptiori--------------- spectroscopy (XAS) analysis confirmed reduction of Tc(VII) to Tc(IV) in microcosm experiments. Tc was found to be partially remobilised following exposure of reduced Tc(IV)-labelled soils to _air, but was not significantly remobilised following exposure to nitrate. In uranium experiments, uptake of U(VI) by soil was rapid and complete under oxic conditions from artificial groundwater and in experiments with groundwater amended with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). By contrast, uptake was slower in systems amended with bicarbonate. XAS experiments confirmed that uranium was adsorbed to soil as U(VI) in all three groundwater systems. After anaerobic. incubation for 120 days and the development of microbially-mediated Fe(III)- and sol- reducing conditions, XAS analysis showed that soil-associated uranium was present as U(IV) in all three systems. Further investigation of unamended artificial groundwater systems indicated that reduction of sorbed U(VI) required an active microbial population. These findings suggest that indigenous soil microorganisms in a Dounreay-type soil environment will exert a strong control on the fate ofTc and U.
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Ruiz-Alejos, Carlos. "Sustainability Assessment of Scenarios: Beyond GDP growth." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-220150.
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The creation of futures scenarios is a tool to addresschallenges towards sustainability in planning and thebuilt environment. Scenarios in the project BeyondGDP growth explore futures where priority is givento social and environmental aspects and economicgrowth is regarded as uncertain. When futures areused as an input to planning, there has to be anawareness of the possible consequences of those.Sustainability assessment for futures scenarios aimsto give a comprehensive assessment of how differentscenarios can affect relevant aspects. This thesis gives an overview of current methods forsustainability assessment of futures scenarios. It alsoproposes improvements to one of them and tests iton the Beyond GDP growth scenarios. SAFS (SustainabilityAssessment Framework for Scenarios) isthe method selected. SAFS considers environmentaland social aspects providing qualitative results anduses consumption perspective and life cycle approach. Improvements to SAFS are proposed in two directions.First, the Doughnut developed by Raworth(2012) is integrated in the method. It gives a graphicrepresentation, putting each aspect in context withthe others and facilitate the communication of theassessment results. Second, an alternative approachis suggested to evaluate the consequences of environmentaldeprivation on social conditions. Thisalternative approach can also help communicateuncertainties.Att skapa framtidsscenarier är ett verktyg för attadressera utmaningar relaterade till hållbarhet inomsamhällsplanering och samhällsbyggnad. ProjektetBortom BNP-tillväxt utforskar i ett antal scenarierolika framtider där sociala och miljömässiga aspekterfår prioritet och ekonomisk tillväxt betraktas somosäker. När framtidsscenarier används som inputi samhällsplanering behöver det finnas en medvetenhetom dessa framtiders möjliga konsekvenser. Hållbarhetsbedömning av framtida scenarier utgören omfattande utvärdering av hur olika scenarier kanförväntas påverka relevanta aspekter. Den här uppsatsen ger en översikt över befintligametoder för hållbarhetsbedömning av framtidsscenarier,den applicerar en av dessa metoder - SAFS(Sustainability Assessment Framework for Scenarios) -på scenarierna inom Bortom BNP-tillväxt och föreslårförbättringar till metoden. SAFS väljs därför att densom metod tar hänsyn till såväl miljö- som socialaaspekter, ger kvalitativa resultat och utvärderar scenariernaur ett konsumtions- och livscykelperspektiv. Två förbättringar av SAFS föreslås. Den ena är attintegrera Raworths “Doughnut” (2012) eftersomden erbjuder ett sätt att grafiskt representera allautvärderade aspekter tillsammans och underlättaratt kommunicera resultatet från bedömningen. Denandra förbättringen innebär ett annat angreppssättför att utvärdera konsekvenserna av miljöförstöringför sociala aspekter. Det föreslagna angreppssättetkan även underlätta att kommunicera metodens inneboendeosäkerheter gällande resultaten.
Beyond GDP growth
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Zhou, Xinan. "Cellular data traffic, analysis, models, and scenarios." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0020/MQ57756.pdf.
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Von, der Gracht Heiko A. Jahns Christopher Darkow Inga-Lena. "The future of logistics : scenarios for 2025 /." Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016522983&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Gracht, Heiko von der. "The future of logistics scenarios for 2025." Wiesbaden Gabler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988005824/04.
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Amundsen, Steffen. "Future Rail Communication - Implementation Scenarios for LTE." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for telematikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21886.
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Today, Jernbaneverket uses GSM-R as their standard for cellular communication. However, this will change in the future and a proposed solution is to use LTE as the next generation standard. This work shall therefore investigate different implementation scenarios for LTE. It shall also shortly discuss the opportunities it brings to Jernbaneverket and other rail operators in general. Specifically, this means to explain different applications where LTE can be utilized and give extra benefits and features to Jernbaneverket.