Academic literature on the topic 'Scelta modale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Scelta modale"
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Mattioli, Giulio. "Scelta modale, atteggiamenti e condivisione dello spazio nella mobilitŕ quotidiana." SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE, no. 94 (April 2011): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sur2011-094008.
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Situandosi nel piů ampio contesto dell'insostenibilitŕ dei trasporti e delle relative politiche di gestione della domanda di mobilitŕ, l'articolo presenta una discussione dei concetti di scelta modale ed atteggiamento sociale e propone un approccio per indagare i loro rapporti reciproci. Allo scopo di illustrare le potenzialitŕ di tale approccio, una dimensione di atteggiamento relativa alla propensione a condividere lo spazio negli spostamenti - denominata "secessione-commistione nella mobilitŕ quotidiana" - viene proposta a livello teorico. L'autore presenta infine i risultati di uno studio empirico esplorativo, volto a determinare esistenza ed articolazione di tale dimensione, condotto su un campione di studenti universitari milanesi nel 2010; esso tende a rivelare la complessitŕ dell'atteggiamento indagato, ma anche la feconditŕ euristica della concettualizzazione proposta.
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Biswas, Dipayan, and Courtney Szocs. "The Smell of Healthy Choices: Cross-Modal Sensory Compensation Effects of Ambient Scent on Food Purchases." Journal of Marketing Research 56, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243718820585.
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Managers are using ambient scent as an important strategic element in various service settings, with food-related scents being especially common. This research examines the effects of food-related ambient scents on children’s and adults’ food purchases/choices. The results of a series of experiments, including field studies at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria, show that extended exposure (of more than two minutes) to an indulgent food–related ambient scent (e.g., cookie scent) leads to lower purchases of unhealthy foods compared with no ambient scent or a nonindulgent food–related ambient scent (e.g., strawberry scent). The effects seem to be driven by cross-modal sensory compensation, whereby prolonged exposure to an indulgent/rewarding food scent induces pleasure in the reward circuitry, which in turn diminishes the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods. Notably, the effects reverse with brief (<30 seconds) exposure to the scent. Whereas prior research has examined cross-modal effects, this research adopts the novel approach of examining cross-modal sensory compensation effects, whereby stimuli in one sensory modality (olfactory) can compensate/satisfy the desire related to another sensory modality (gustatory).
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Steele, J., J. A. Brown, E. Brubaker, and K. Nishimura. "SCEMA: a high channel density electronics module for fast waveform capture." Journal of Instrumentation 14, no. 02 (February 26, 2019): P02031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/02/p02031.
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Bédard, Mylène. "Les stratégies épistolaires et les rébellions identitaires dans la correspondance (1830-1840) de Julie Bruneau-Papineau1." Articles 24, no. 1 (September 14, 2011): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1006054ar.
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Longtemps on a associé le genre épistolaire au genre féminin. Cependant, l’histoire littéraire scelle-t-elle vraiment cette association par la consécration d’un nombre plus important d’épistolières ? À cette question, l’auteure répond par lanégative. Elle propose toutefois une relecture de la correspondance de JulieBruneau-Papineau (1795-1862) à partir du concept d’ethos afin de dégager les enjeux esthétiques de ces lettres. L’analyse du discours montre que la maîtrise du code épistolaire chez cette patriote invite à lui reconnaître le statut de modèle d’épistolière. L’exemple de Julie Bruneau-Papineau incite à relire les autres lettres de femmes de l’époque et à voir dans l’imbrication du politique et du personnel unenouvelle manière d’écrire.
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Österbauer, Robert A., Paul M. Matthews, Mark Jenkinson, Christian F. Beckmann, Peter C. Hansen, and Gemma A. Calvert. "Color of Scents: Chromatic Stimuli Modulate Odor Responses in the Human Brain." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 6 (June 2005): 3434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00555.2004.
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Color has a profound effect on the perception of odors. For example, strawberry-flavored drinks smell more pleasant when colored red than green and descriptions of the “nose” of a wine are dramatically influenced by its color. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we demonstrate a neurophysiological correlate of these cross-modal visual influences on olfactory perception. Subjects were scanned while exposed either to odors or colors in isolation or to color-odor combinations that were rated on the basis of how well they were perceived to match. Activity in caudal regions of the orbitofrontal cortex and in the insular cortex increased progressively with the perceived congruency of the odor-color pairs. These findings demonstrate the neuronal correlates of olfactory response modulation by color cues in brain areas previously identified as encoding the hedonic value of smells.
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Spector, Ferrinne, and Daphne Maurer. "Making Sense of Scents: The Colour and Texture of Odours." Seeing and Perceiving 25, no. 6 (2012): 655–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x648800.
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The purpose of this study was to document colour and texture associations to odours using a variety of odours including both pleasant and unpleasant odours, some of which were likely to be unfamiliar. We asked non-synaesthetic adults () to make colour and shape/texture associations to 22 odours. A subset of the participants () smelled the odours a second time in order to identify them. Each odour stimulus was associated consistently to one or more specific colours and/or textures (all p’s < 0.01 by binomial probability statistics). Associations to the four odours that were identified accurately (cinnamon, lemon, peppermint and licorice) seemed to be based on learning/memory (e.g. lemon = yellow). The associations to the 18 odours that were not identified accurately are less likely to be based on learning/memory (e.g. ginger = black, rough, sharp; lavender = green, white, liquid, sticky). We speculate that sensory associations to odours, like those to pitch and letters (e.g. Mondloch and Maurer, 2004; Spector and Maurer, 2008), may result from the joint influence of learning and natural biases linking dimensions across sensory systems. Such links may reflect inherent neural organization that is modifiable with learning and that can manifest as cross-modal associations or synaesthetic percepts.
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Balas, Robert, and Joanna Sweklej. "Changing prejudice with evaluative conditioning." Polish Psychological Bulletin 44, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2013-0041.
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Abstract The presented study investigates attitude change using a cross-modal evaluative conditioning (EC) paradigm. EC is a change in evaluative responses towards initially neutral stimulus (CS) due to its repeated pairing with affectively valenced stimulus (US). A positive scent of instant chocolate (US+) was used together with pictures of homeless people (US-) to change affective responses towards neutral names (CS). We show that a classic EC effect, i.e. more negative CS evaluations after its pairing with negative images of the homeless, can be eliminated when a competitive US, i.e. a positive chocolate scent, is present in the environment. Additionally, the study demonstrates chocolate scent selectively increased attitude towards homeless as measured by perceived distance to self and a self-report questionnaire. Moreover, this effect was not mediated by mood changes. We argue that scents can be used to change attitudes towards stigmatized groups.
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Almog, Shulamit. "“One Young and the Other Old”—Halakhah and Aggadah as Law and Story." Canadian journal of law and society 18, no. 2 (August 2003): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100007699.
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RésuméL'étude des rapports entre la Halakhah (loi hébraïque) et l'Aggadah (légende juive intéresse nombre de disciplines s'occupant du droit en tant que pratique culturelle et (particulièrement le champ de droit et littérature. Cet article propose comme cadre d'analyse le paradigme en deux phases de la littérature accompagnant le droit. Dans cette perspective, on considère dans un premier temps les limites sinon les défauts du droit, pour ensuite tenter de les affronter efficacement et d'atteindre la vérité et la justice au sein de réalités difficiles. La combinaison de la Halakhah et de l'Aggadah reflète ce paradigme de la littérature accompagnant le droit en ce qu'elle crée un modèle d'interprétation dynamique dérivé d'un canon qui est «à la fois scellé et ouvert » et d'un large recours à la narration. La juxtaposition de la Halakhah et de l'Aggadah crée un vrai équilibre qui, tout en demeurant conscient de la faiblesse du droit, en réaffirme continuellement le souffle vital, caractérisé par des échecs et des déceptions tout autant que par des avancées et de l'imagination.
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Korsmeyer, Carolyn. "A Tour of the Senses." British Journal of Aesthetics, July 11, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesthj/ayz026.
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Abstract Traditionally, the bodily senses of smell, taste, and touch have been designated ‘nonaesthetic’ senses and their objects considered unsuited to be fashioned into works of fine art. Recent innovations in the art world, however, have introduced scents, tastes, and tactile qualities into gallery exhibits, movements that, at least superficially, appear parallel to philosophical revaluations of the senses. This paper investigates the aesthetic scope of the five external senses, addressing some standard arguments about the limits of the ‘lower’ senses. I defend the artistic scope of the bodily senses by appealing to cross-modal perception and to the sensuous aspects of appreciative emotional responses to art.
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Schneider, Rainer. "Natural Odor Inhalers (AromaStick®) Outperform Red Bull® for Enhancing Cognitive Vigilance: Results From a Four-Armed, Randomized Controlled Study." Perceptual and Motor Skills, November 9, 2020, 003151252097083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512520970835.
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Two recent publications demonstrated that specifically designed essential odor inhalers can enhance performance through (a) better selective attention and scanning speed and (b) physiological changes of increased heart rate variability and blood oxygenation. In this study, we compared two natural odor inhalers with a popular energy drink (Red Bull®) with regard to their ability to improve vigilance on a computerized attention test. We employed a four-armed, randomized controlled experimental design and used a modified version of the CompACT-Vi test module to investigate whether deep inhalations of essential oil scents improved vigilance. Both inhalers markedly improved the number of correctly identified targets and participants’ reaction time when compared to a control condition and consumption of Red Bull® (0.9 < d < 1.3). Additionally, the number of correctly solved mathematical sums during the second half of the vigilance test was substantially higher (d = 1.3) with the use of inhalers than for the control and Red Bull participants. Inhaler use was also associated with relatively increased heart rate variability (d = 1.0) as a mechanism of adapting to the experimental demands. Thus, short and deep inhalations of essential oil scents delivered directly to the nose improved vigilance, while a popular energy drink failed to show an effect beyond that of a control group receiving no stimulant.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Scelta modale"
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Tomasella, Lorenzo. "La teoria dei rough-set per la modellazione della scelta modale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/2745.
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2006/2007Il problema della scelta modale è solitamente affrontato con metodologie di scelta discreta, metodologie distinte nelle tre categorie dei modelli parametrici, dei modelli semiparametrici e non parametrici. Gli approcci di tipo parametrico, in particolare i modelli di scelta discreta di tipo Logit vanno a stabilire una forte relazione, rappresentata dai coefficienti di calibrazione, tra attributi e scelta. Una grossa limitazione all’applicazione di questa tipologia di modelli è il loro utilizzo con scarsa disponibilità di dati e soprattutto affidabilità dei dati relativi alla domanda portando allo sviluppo di una serie di metodologie alternative non più di derivazione statistica. A fianco e in parallelo ai modelli di tipo parametrico esistono tecniche modellistiche completamente diverse, cioè quelle di tipo non parametrico, che forniscono solitamente risultati migliori rispetto ai modelli parametrici. Si hanno una serie di vantaggi dall’utilizzo di questi metodi, ovvero una capacità di rappresentazione dei dati rilevati migliore rispetto ai modelli parametrici e la possibilità di utilizzare dati affetti da “disturbi” di vario genere o comunque meno affidabili, ma con la grossa limitazione di non essere statisticamente validi, e spesso non si ha la possibilità di indagare su come il modello fornisca i risultati, specialmente in fase previsionale. Nel campo della scelta modale, è lecito quindi chiedersi quale sia la procedura migliore da utilizzare: premesso che un modello teorico perfetto non esiste, rimane aperta la questione relativa alla preferibilità nel seguire un approccio classico di tipo statistico o uno non statistico. Attualmente la ricerca, in particolare nel campo della ricerca operativa, sta riscoprendo molte metodologie di data mining, è questo il caso, fra gli altri, della metodologia oggetto di questa tesi, la “Teoria dei Rough-set”, nata come strumento matematico per lo studio e l’analisi di oggetti o azioni, descritti da attributi incerti, inconsistenti o ambigui. Tali azioni possono essere considerate come scelte di un decisore o più decisori a fronte di diverse situazioni cui si chiede di dare risposta. Su questo concetto di base sono state sviluppate nel corso degli anni due diverse accezioni del metodo: la prima, si basa sul concetto di indiscernibilità, ovverosia due oggetti con la stessa descrizione, in termini di attributi, sono indistinguibili per quanto riguarda l’informazione fornita, mentre la seconda accezione del metodo, è quella che sfrutta la cosiddetta relazione di dominanza, per superare un limite del metodo classico, ovvero l’impossibilità di stabilire una relazione d’ordine fra attributo e oggetto. Il risultato finale è un complesso di regole, espresso in forma di semplice costrutto logico “if…then…”, in funzione degli attributi. Questo aspetto in particolare rende il metodo assolutamente diverso da tutti gli altri: a differenza di quanto succede con i modelli precedentemente richiamati, la teoria dei Rough-set permette di collegare direttamente la scelta agli attributi che la determinano, nonché, effettuando un’ulteriore approfondita analisi delle regole, gli oggetti che supportano la scelta, e che quindi la giustificano. Il tutto diventa quindi perfettamente trasparente, a differenza di quanto accade con le altre metodologie parametriche e non. Prendendo atto dei pregi e difetti delle metodologie esistenti, la teoria dei Rough-set può essere utilizzata come approccio alternativo ai modelli di scelta discreta fino ad ora utilizzati, ed in particolare nel ramo prettamente trasportistico della scelta modale. La tesi come obiettivo principale si pone l’analisi della scelta del modo di trasporto con l’utilizzo di questa metodologia, finalizzata alla valutazione della loro applicabilità e della capacità previsiva di un modello di scelta modale realizzato sulla base di tale approccio. L’obiettivo del lavoro può essere riassunto come la verifica dell’applicabilità della nuova metodologia al problema della scelta modale, la realizzazione a tale scopo di una procedura per l’applicazione della metodologia stessa a un caso reale per studiarne i risultati e le capacità previsive, e il confronto con delle metodologie classiche applicate a questo tipo di problemi, in modo da valutarne i punti di forza e le debolezze. La nuova metodologia, ed allo stesso tempo i modelli sviluppati, non vanno considerati come una teoria che vada a sostituire le esistenti, quanto una procedura che può, a fianco e in alternativa alle altre, fornire ulteriori indicazioni o informazioni su quanto studiato.
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Paolino, Daniele. "Il trasporto ferroviario combinato-accompagnato attraverso i valichi alpini come alternativa al trasporto merci su strada: calibrazione di un modello di scelta modale." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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Lo studio presentato in questo elaborato riguarda l'analisi del modo di trasporto ferroviario combinato accompagnato, o RoLa, nome più largamente utilizzato anche in ambito internazionale e derivante dalla abbreviazione di Rollende Landstrasse, definizione tedesca per questo modo di trasporto e la cui traduzione letterale è Autostrada Viaggiante. Nello specifico questo servizio prevede che un intero veicolo merci possa salire a bordo di un treno composto da specifici carri, atti a garantire il rispetto delle sagome limite delle linee ferroviarie, per poi poter tornare su strada in maniera autonoma alla fine del viaggio ferroviario per proseguire la spedizione.
Lo scopo di questo studio è la realizzazione di un modello di scelta modale tra le alternative trasporto stradale e RoLa che possa essere utilizzato per effettaure delle analisi previsionali sui diversi valichi alpini in cui tale servizio è presente.
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Frezzati, Marco. "Studio della domanda di trasporto attratta dalla facolta di Ingegneria di Bologna." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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La tesi e incentrata nello studio della domanda di trasporto affluente la facolta di Ingegneria. Tale domanda viene descritta attraverso una ripartizione modale e temporale degli arrivi in facolta durante l'ora di punta della mattina. In particolare, per gli utenti che utilizzano la bicicletta come modo di trasporto, e stata effettuata, attraverso un' indagine campionaria, una caratterizzazione dell' origine dello spostamento e del percorso intrapreso. Inoltre sono stati analizzati i fattori che influenzano le scelte del percorso, in modo da giustificare l'utilizzo, o meno, delle piste ciclabili.
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SOTTILE, ELEONORA. "Costruzione di modelli di scelta discreta ibridi per misurare gli effetti delle strategie informative sulla scelta del modo di viaggio contestualmente agli aspetti latenti." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266383.
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Road traffic is now the main culprit of air pollution in urban areas, due to the emissions of the combustion products of fuels and their subsequent chemical transformation, as well as to the evaporation of unburned hydrocarbons. Transport accounts for 25% of CO2 emitted globally, and is also one of the few sectors where emissions have continued to grow, oil consumption between 1973 and 2010 increasing by 110% (IEA, 2011) and CO2 by 44 %. (IEA, 2009; Banister et al., 2012). Several actions and measures have been developed to try to mitigate the harmful emissions produced by the transport sector and in particular by road traffic. These largely concern vehicle technology, type of fuel, economic tools and institutional controls. Although powerful, these measures have not been proved to be sufficient to solve the problem (Schwanen et al., 2011).
In recent years, research has consequently increasingly focused the attention on measures and policies that affect individuals’ behaviour and in particular what motivates their decisions. Providing information is the measure most used to promote behaviour change (Abrahamse and Matthies, 2012): "A person who has an attitude that suggests that it would be consistent for him or her to use the car less cannot bring about behaviour change if that person does not know how to change" (Ampt, 2003). It has been observed that measures that increase individual’s awareness can produce enduring changes, being the result of mindful decisions. This is at the basis of the concept of "Soft Measures", also referred to as "Voluntary Travel Behaviour Change" (VTBC) programmes (Ampt, 2003) or "Smarter Choices" (Cairns et al., 2004), i.e. programmes aimed at motivating the voluntary reduction of car use. VTBC programmes provide information typically on: a) the negative (mainly environmental) effects of current behaviour and b) how individuals can change their current behaviour to mitigate the negative effects.
The types of information provided in these studies are mostly: travel time, mileage travelled, travel cost, time spent in non-working activities, CO2 emitted, calories burned. These studies assess the overall effectiveness of the programme, comparing the number of trips by car before and after the implementation of a soft measure. None of them have however examined which of the information provided actually leverages behaviour change. Understanding to what extent specific soft measures contribute to shape individuals’ preferences, is crucial for defining the best policy for fostering changes toward sustainable modes.
Of the environmental effects, the information about the impact on the CO2 emitted is probably the most effective measure (and more understandable than other measures like for example PM10). The information on CO2 has often been used in VTBC programmes, and it is widely recognised that individuals are less likely to adopt environmentally friendly behaviour if this information is not provided. However research to date has not yet made it possible to disentangle its efficacy as a soft measure.
As far as the information on health effects is concerned, the typical measure tested is the number of calories burned. This is a relatively easy measure to test, because it is easy to quantify and for the individuals easy to associate with the effects on their health. However, from the health literature it seems that rather than the calories burned, stress represents the real plague of modern society. Wener et al. (2010) found also that car commuters showed significantly higher levels of reported stress and more negative moods compared to train
commuters. None of the studies however assess the effect of the information, i.e. to what extent being aware of the stress caused by driving has an impact on individuals’ decision to change transport mode.
Therefore the objective of this thesis work is to contribute to the development of a programme for voluntary travel behaviour change, and to study the extent to which each single element of the soft measure contributes to the overall awareness. The study focuses in particular on the effect that information on pollution and individual stress has on the choice to shift from private car to Park and Ride (P&R). To try and disentangle the effect of these two components a Stated Preference (SP) experiment was built where the reduction of CO2 and the reduction of stress are attributes included in the experimental design.
The ability to perceive, or to be conscious of something and to react to it (i.e. awareness) can differ from one person to another depending on their psychological stance toward environment and stress. Many studies have accounted for the effect of environmental attitude mainly in mode choice or type of fuel-vehicle choice. However, other latent effects other than attitude are relevant. In particular, in terms of environmental awareness and the information provided, personal norm measures a very interesting aspect as they evaluate the moral rule (and obligation) that lead individuals to act rightly or wrongly towards the environment. As for stress, the way individuals perceive stress caused by traffic and the way they perceive the information about stress are particularly relevant for the study.
In particular the contribution of this thesis work is to define the methodology to use within a VTBC programme to account for all the above-mentioned aspects. The methodology used thus comprises a SP survey where soft measures information is directly included as attributes in the SP tasks presented to the individuals, a survey that follows the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) to specifically measure psychological aspects that could influence the impact of the information provided and/or mode choice.
The use of information attributes in the SP is not common and deserves further consideration. The major challenges in including the information about CO2 and stress as attributes concern how they should be presented to respondents in order to be clearly understood. We devoted special attention to studying the best way to present the soft measures in the SP survey. In particular we tested the following aspects: 1) whether to use images alone, only text or both; 2) the type of information that should be included in the text. The major difficulty lies in explaining to people what the information provided means; 3) the type of context to be included in the images; 4) whether to use abstract or real images i.e. cartoons or real people.
Lastly, to analyse the data collected, several hybrid choice models (HCM) have been estimated so as to assess the effect of awareness and psychological aspects in the discrete choice between car and P&R.
The results show that 1) the utility to P&R increases with the level of awareness attained thanks to the information about the light rail alternative, 2) the more individuals consider receiving information about stress useful, the more they tend to behave sustainably, choosing P&R, 3) those aspects associated with stress would appear to have a greater influence on travel choice than environmental aspects.The thesis work highlighted the importance of being able to completely evaluate the behavioural process so as to enhance the effectiveness of VTBC programme implementation. An incorrect evaluation of the definition and implementation of measures, as well as of all those attributes influencing travel behaviour, could impair the effectiveness of those measures, and in terms of modelling, result in inaccuracy in travel demand forecasting.
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CASTELLARI, ELENA. "Competizione tra Brand e Potere di Mercato nell'Industria del latte alimentare in Italia: Stima di Modelli a Scelta Disceta per Prodotti Differenziati." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/772.
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Dopo l’analisi delle modalità di misurazione del potere di mercato e della competizione tra brand nel contesto di un mercato caratterizzato dalla presenza di prodotti differenziati, viene presentata l’applicazione dei modelli a scelta discreta nel mercato del latte alimentare in Italia. Ho utilizzato dati scanner per analizzare i comportamenti nelle scelte di acquisto dei consumatori e le dinamiche competitive tra i due maggiori brand presenti nel mercato e le marche commerciali. Ho considerato il mercato del latte alimentare suddiviso in due sottocategorie, quella del latte a lunga conservazione (UHT) e quella del latte refrigerato. Ho quindi proceduto alla stima della domanda del latte alimentare utilizzando un nested logit model, appartenente alla categoria dei modelli a scelta discreta. Utilizzando i coefficienti stimati è possibile sia calcolare le elasticità di sostituzione tra i diversi brand e le elasticità dirette, nonché i margini di profitto dei brand presi in analisi considerando differenze nelle strategie di prezzo e nella struttura di mercato.This work first gives an overview of the measurement of market power and brand competition in a differentiated products market, secondly applies discrete choice models to asses the Italian milk market. I use scanner data to estimate consumer purchasing decisions and competitive relationships between two major industry-level brands and (as a third category) supermarket private labels. I divide all milk sold in Italian market into two distinct classes of products: “UHT” and “Refrigerated” milk. I employ a well-known “discrete choice” nested-logit model to estimate consumer demand. Then, using the estimated coefficients, it is possible to calculate both consumer substitution patterns between products, and the profit-margins of the three major retail-level brands across the different sub-categories of milk under different pricing strategies and market structure.
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CASTELLARI, ELENA. "Competizione tra Brand e Potere di Mercato nell'Industria del latte alimentare in Italia: Stima di Modelli a Scelta Disceta per Prodotti Differenziati." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/772.
Full textAbstract:
Dopo l’analisi delle modalità di misurazione del potere di mercato e della competizione tra brand nel contesto di un mercato caratterizzato dalla presenza di prodotti differenziati, viene presentata l’applicazione dei modelli a scelta discreta nel mercato del latte alimentare in Italia. Ho utilizzato dati scanner per analizzare i comportamenti nelle scelte di acquisto dei consumatori e le dinamiche competitive tra i due maggiori brand presenti nel mercato e le marche commerciali. Ho considerato il mercato del latte alimentare suddiviso in due sottocategorie, quella del latte a lunga conservazione (UHT) e quella del latte refrigerato. Ho quindi proceduto alla stima della domanda del latte alimentare utilizzando un nested logit model, appartenente alla categoria dei modelli a scelta discreta. Utilizzando i coefficienti stimati è possibile sia calcolare le elasticità di sostituzione tra i diversi brand e le elasticità dirette, nonché i margini di profitto dei brand presi in analisi considerando differenze nelle strategie di prezzo e nella struttura di mercato.This work first gives an overview of the measurement of market power and brand competition in a differentiated products market, secondly applies discrete choice models to asses the Italian milk market. I use scanner data to estimate consumer purchasing decisions and competitive relationships between two major industry-level brands and (as a third category) supermarket private labels. I divide all milk sold in Italian market into two distinct classes of products: “UHT” and “Refrigerated” milk. I employ a well-known “discrete choice” nested-logit model to estimate consumer demand. Then, using the estimated coefficients, it is possible to calculate both consumer substitution patterns between products, and the profit-margins of the three major retail-level brands across the different sub-categories of milk under different pricing strategies and market structure.
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VALENTINI, FRANCESCO. "Three Essays on the Conditional Inference Approach for Binary Panel Data Models." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/274074.
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La tesi consiste in una collezione di tre diversi saggi relativi all’approccio di Inferenza Condizionale applicata alla stima di modelli per dati panel binari ad effetti fissi. Il lavoro è organizzato in tre capitoli. Una dettagliata rassegna della letteratura concernente le principali proposte teoriche riguardanti la stima dei modelli sopra citati è riportata nel Capitolo 1, dove gli stimatori basati sull’approccio di Inferenza Condizionale e quelli basati sulla “Correzione del Bias” sono descritti e dove correttezza in campioni finiti è valutata attraverso una simulazione di Monte Carlo. Il secondo ed il terzo capitolo contengono proposte su problemi di applicazione degli stimatori di Inferenza
Condizionale: (i) il problema di testare meccanismi endogeni di autoselezione del campione e (ii) il costo computazionale delle funzioni di verosimiglianza condizionali impiegate nella stima dei parametri. La risposta alla prima questione è affrontata attraverso l’approssimazione di un modello logit ad effetti fissi, stimato attraverso una procedura a due stadi, che ammette un semplice test di azzeramento. Il test consente di identificare la potenziale endogeneità del meccanismo di selezione e di isolare per costruzione il ruolo delle componenti inosservate costanti nel tempo. Il test è applicato ai dati SHARE su un problema relativo all’impatto del pensionamento sullo stato di salute. Infine, il problema computazionale si presenta quando il panel è caratterizzato da un numero moderatamente grande di osservazioni nel tempo (T), ciò rende il calcolo della funzione di verosimiglianza impossibile attraverso le consuete tecniche di algebra matriciale. Questo lavoro propone un nuovo metodo ricorsivo per il calcolo delle stesse, relativamente ad una classe di modelli dinamici come il modello Quadratic Expoential. Una simulazione di Monte Carlo mostra come il limite computazionale sia stato rimosso attraverso l’utilizzo dell’algoritmo.This thesis is a collection of three essays concerning the Conditional Inference approach applied to the estimation of binary panel data models with fixed effects. The work is organised in three chapters. A detailed literature review of the main theoretical proposals about the estimation of the aforementioned models is reported in Chapter 1, where the Conditional Inference estimators and the “Bias-Corrected” estimators are described and whose finite sample performance is evaluated by a Monte Carlo experiment. The second and the third chapters focus on real data problem affecting the Conditional Inference estimators: (i) the problem of testing for endogenous self- and sample-selection mechanisms and (ii) the computational burden of the conditional likelihood function involved in the parameters estimation procedure. The first issue is dealt with a methodology that relies on an approximation of a fixed-effects logit model estimated by conditional maximum likelihood in a two-step procedure and that admits a very simple variable-addition test. The test is able to identify the idiosyncratic endogeneity since the choice of the Conditional Inference approach allows to handle heterogeneity endogeneity and to overcome the incidental parameters problem at the same time. The test is applied on SHARE data to a problem concerning health and retirement. Finally, Conditional Inference estimators require the maximisation of peculiar likelihood functions, whose computational burden limits the applicability of these techniques when the number of time occasions (T) in the panel becomes large, so that the parameters estimation is no longer feasible when the likelihood function is computed by standard algebra operations. This work proposes a novel way to recursively compute the conditional likelihood function of dynamic models, focusing on the Quadratic Exponential model. A Monte Carlo simulation shows how the recursive algorithm removes the computational burden due to large-T.
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MEREU, ANANIA. "Methodology for the definition of a sytem of actions based on the use of discrete choice models, for the renewal of historic centres through the consideration of the needs of local communities. A case study concerning the city of Cagliari." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266381.
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Nowadays, conservation of old town centres is one of the main goals of several planning processes. For this reason, planning and historic centres' preservation can be considered synergetic concept (Frank &Petersen, 2002) and activities. Old city centres lost the role of residence and centres of services, so it important to trigger a process of reuse of historic centres through promotion of influence that residents have on social, economic and cultural vitality of the human fabric. Indeed, the role of residents in the requalification of historic centres is not sufficiently considered and it is understimated. Residents have an important role given that they can assure a high quality of life in historic centres, as they are the most important owners of the inner city, both because they have an interest in a high quality of life in the area where they live, and an economic interest related to the requalification given that the value of a building in a redeveloped area is higher than in a degradate zone.
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Conchou, Lucie. "Les odeurs dans les interactions plantes-insectes au-delà de la communication. Application au modèle Ficus-pollinisateurs-parasites et conséquences pour la compréhension des processus de coévolution." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20121/document.
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Les odeurs émises par les plantes sont souvent interprétées dans le cadre de leur interaction avec les insectes pollinisateurs, herbivores et ennemis naturels, en tant que signaux de communication dont la fonction est l'attraction ou la répulsion de ces insectes. Pourtant, la communication a une définition précise en biologie évolutive, et le terme « signal » ne doit s'appliquer qu'à des traits de l'émetteur qui ont été sélectionnés dans le cadre de l'interaction avec le récepteur par voie sensorielle. De plus, certaines études démontrent que les Composés organiques volatils (COV) émis par les feuilles participent à la défense des plantes contre divers stress abiotiques (notamment stress oxydant et thermique) et biotiques (pathogènes, induction des défenses). L'idée de cette thèse, c'est d'essayer de faire rentrer l'ensemble de ces contextes et fonctions potentielles dans un cadre commun. En utilisant comme modèle les figuiers, leurs pollinisateur et parasites spécialistes, j'ai choisi comme approche de comparer les variations des odeurs de figue à celles de odeurs de feuille, au cours du développement des figues et au cours d'une journée. Dans les deux cas, les feuilles constituent un témoin permettant de déterminer si les variations observées peuvent être adaptatives vis-à-vis de l'interaction avec les insectes, mais aussi de considérer explicitement les fonctions potentielles des odeurs émises en dehors de la réceptivité. Ainsi, les fonctions de protection contre les stress habituellement attribuées aux odeurs de feuilles sont également pertinentes pour les odeurs de figues. A partir de là, le constat que le concept de communication n'est pas pertinent pour décrire le rôle des odeurs dans les interactions figuier-parasite permet de développer une réflexion sur la manière dont les phytophages et leurs ennemis naturels sont susceptibles d'influer sur l'évolution des odeurs émises par les plantes. Enfin, dans le cas de la communication olfactive figuier-pollinisateur, l'étude du cas de Ficus septica, chez qui deux pollinisateurs écologiquement différenciés coexistent, permet d'imaginer un mécanisme potentiel de co-spéciation écologique dans lequel la divergence des modalités de communication olfactive participerait à la mise en place de l'isolement reproducteurThe scents emitted by plants are often interpreted in the light of their interaction with pollinators, phytophagous insects and their natural ennemies, as communication signals whose function is to attract or repel those insects. However, according to the adaptive definition of communication, a trait can be called “signal” only if it has been selected for the sensory interaction with a receptor. In addition, it has been shown that the volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by leaves participate to the defense of the plant against abiotic (especially oxidative/heat stress) and biotic stresses (pathogens, induction of defenses). The idea underlying this thesis it to put all all the contexts of emission and functions together within a common framework. Using the fig-pollinator-parasite model, the approach I choose was to compare the variation of fig scent with that of leaf scent, along their development and daily. In both cases, leaf scent is a control trait that allows to determine if the variations observed in figs are possibly adaptive regarding the interaction with insects, and to explicitely consider the potential functions of the scents emitted out of receptivity. Stress-protective functions that are evidenced in leaf scents are thus also relevant in figs. Then, the fact that communication is not relevant to describe the role of scents in the fig-parasite interaction led me to develop a reflection on the way phytophagous insects and their natural enemies could influence the evolution of plant scents. Finally, in the case of fig-pollinator communication, studying the case of Ficus septica, that is associated to two co-occuring ecologically differenciated pollinators, allows to imagine a potential co-speciation mechanism, where the divergence of communication mode would contribute to the establishment of reproductive isolation
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Lima, Pedro Lucas Costa e. Lopes de. "Modelo SCERTS: uma prática de inclusão para alunos com perturbação do espectro do autismo (PEA)." Master's thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10741.
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O processo de inclusão dos alunos com Perturbação do Espectro Autismo (PEAP envolve tanto a prática pedagógica do professor, quanto um planejamento individual que contemple as diversidades dos alunos que possuem alguma NEE. A busca pela autonomia do aluno com PEA, tem sido um desafio para os professores, e com isso, há uma necessidade de proporcionar ao aluno elementos motivacionais que possam contribuir com a sua formação, e diante disso que o modelo SCERTS surge para avaliar o perfil de interação da professora junto ao seu aluno com PEA, durante o processo em que há a intervenção. Ante o exposto, surge a seguinte questão: Quais os benefícios da modelo SCERTS para o desenvolvimento de competências pedagógicas do professor para melhorar o apoio a alunos com a Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo? Com o objetivo de responder a esse questionamento, o objetivo geral que compõe a investigação foi verificar os impactos no perfil de interação, bem como na apresentação de atividades por parte do docente, em um estudante com PEA, mudanças essas que acarretem o desenvolvimento de competências de comunicação social e regulação emocional. O estudo foi realizado com uma professora que leciona para um aluno com Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo, em uma escola privada da cidade de Florianópolis no estado de Santa Catarina, utilizou-se a avaliação proposta pelo modelo SCERTS, com base na grelha que determina o nível de desenvolvimento comunicacional. O trabalho junto a professora foi dividido em três momentos: as sessões de observação das aulas, mediação professora e aluno utilizando a grelha de observação e as sessões de tutoria, oportunidade formativa tendo como objetivo as mudanças no perfil de interação; e as atividades oferecidas pela professora para finalizar a segunda sessão de observação, com foco nos resultadas da tutoria. Com base nos resultados, o modelo SCERTS pode proporcionar
o engajamento e o enriquecimento no que tange repertório pedagógico para trabalhar com seu aluno com autismo, demonstrando assim, as estratégias utilizadas pela professora no processo de ensinoaprendizagem do aluno e a valorização da relação entre eles.The process of including students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (PEAP) involves both the teacher's pedagogical practice and individual planning that contemplates the diversity of students who have some SEN. The search for the autonomy of the student with ASD has been a challenge for the teachers, and with that, there is a need to provide the student with motivational elements that can contribute to their education, and in view of this, the SCERTS model emerges to assess the teacher's interaction profile with her student with ASD, during the process in which the intervention takes place. Given the above, the following question arises: What are the benefits of the SCERTS model for the development of pedagogical skills for the teacher to improve support for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder? questioning, the general objective of the investigation was to verify the impacts on the interaction profile, as well as on the presentation of activities by the teacher, in a student with PEA, changes that lead to the development of social communication and emotional regulation skills. The study was conducted with a teacher who teaches a student with Autism Spectrum Disorder, in a private school in the city of Florianópolis in the state of Santa Catarina, using the evaluation proposed by the SCERTS model, based on the grid that determines the level of communicational development. The work with the teacher was divided into three stages: classroom observation sessions, teacher and student mediation using the observation grid and tutoring sessions, training opportunity aiming at changes in the interaction profile; and the activities offered by the teacher to finish the second observation session, focusing on the tutoring results. Based on the results, the SCERTS model can provide engagement and enrichment regarding the pedagogical repertoire to work with their student with autism, thus demonstrating the strategies used by the teacher in the student's teaching-learning process and the appreciation of the relationship between them.
Books on the topic "Scelta modale"
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Daboni, Luciano. Luciano Daboni: Scritti scelti. Trieste: Dipartimento di matematica applicata "Bruno de Finetti", 2001.
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Botta, Mario. Mario Botta: La ricerca negli anni ottanta : una scelta. [Switzerland: s.n.], 1990.
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Ferraro, Carla. Rossini sulla scena dell'ottocento: Bozzetti e figurini dalle collezioni italiane. Pesaro: Fondazione Rossini, 2000.
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Reinarz, Jonathan. Heavenly Scents. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252034947.003.0002.
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This chapter focuses exclusively on sacred scents and traces smell's role in the realm of religion, particularly the Christian tradition. It concentrates on the fourth century, when scent began to play an increasingly important role in early Christian practices. Initially, smells were present in ancient Christian texts, often as undercurrents within the text's larger purpose. Ancient Christians found numerous biblical models for experiencing a domain that lay beyond the physical senses but to which the senses provided access. Through sense encounters, people in the ancient world expected and experienced interaction with their gods, even when this implied communication with realms beyond the physically finite world.
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Reinarz, Jonathan. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252034947.003.0008.
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This concluding chapter looks back to Alain Corbin's seminal work, The Foul and the Fragrant, in discussing the strides made in smell studies since its publication. At the same time it returns to the themes already laid out in the previous chapters. When it first appeared some three decades ago, Corbin's study filled an important gap in our understanding of past senses. Not surprisingly, other studies followed. Most of these similarly employ a binary model when considering smells, particularly when addressing the urban industrial environment. Because of this, much research into the history of smell comprises studies of extremes, documenting primarily pleasant scents and pungent odors. The chapter calls for further scholarship on the sense of smell, noting current gaps in the field, as despite its progress in recent years olfaction still continues to be overshadowed by other senses.
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Knowles, Sebastian D. G. At Fault. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056920.001.0001.
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At Fault: James Joyce and the Crisis of the Modern University argues that American universities have lost their way and that the works of James Joyce will put them back on the scent. In American university education today, an excess of caution has led to a serious error in our education system. To be “at fault” is to have lost one’s path: the university’s current crisis in confidence can be addressed by attending to the lessons that Joyce teaches us. Joyce models risk-taking in all three areas of the academic enterprise: research, teaching, and service. His texts go out of bounds, resisting the end, pushing beyond themselves. Joyce writes in an outlaw language, and the acknowledgment of failure is written into every right action. At stake is the enterprise of humanism: without an appreciation of error, and an understanding of infinite possibility, the university will calcify and lose its right to lead the nations of the world. The book draws upon the author’s thirty years of teaching experience to demonstrate what works in the classroom when teaching Joyce and makes a powerful contribution to debates on interdisciplinarity and university teaching. There are chapters on centrifugal motion, gramophones, elephants, fox-hunting, philately, brain mapping, and baseball: a compendium of approaches befitting the ever-expanding world of James Joyce.
Book chapters on the topic "Scelta modale"
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Hasegawa, Takehiro, Shuji Fujita, Kazuko Yamagishi, and Hideyoshi Yanagisawa. "Toward Designing Olfactory Digital Experiences: Efficient Scent Ejection Methods to Reduce Total Scent Amount Based on Bayesian Cross-Modal Model." In [ ] With Design: Reinventing Design Modes, 2753–61. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4472-7_177.
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Shiner, Larry. "Beautiful Fragrances." In Art Scents, 209–28. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190089818.003.0024.
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Chapter 11 considers the claim that the best perfumes should be classified as part of the fine arts. The chapter argues that from the perspective of contemporary aesthetic definitions of fine art, perfumes have all it takes to be fine art since they have complex structures that develop over time that can be used to represent ideas and express emotions. Yet the second half of the chapter argues that from the perspective of contemporary contextual and historical definitions of art, perfumes are more like design art than fine art. The contextual case against fine art status is based on a model of art and design practices that involves roles, intentions, media, norms, and institutions. If we compare the creation of a commercial perfume designed by a perfumer with a “perfume” commissioned by an artist for an installation, commercial perfume looks like a design art. Chapter 11 ends in an impasse.
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Sisti, Flora. "Quale scelta per una politica linguistica universitaria multilingue?" In Politiche e pratiche per l’educazione linguistica, il multilinguismo e la comunicazione interculturale. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-501-8/037.
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The language policy of the University of Urbino, a mid-sized Italian university with a large number of Erasmus exchange participation and a good degree of internationalization, includes CLIL-based courses to its students as well as to international students. The policy of providing disciplines taught in Italian and in foreign languages, and the choice of alternating modules of Italian and foreign language teaching within the same course, supports multilingualism without penalizing the Italian language, thereby also promoting foreign language learning within the university. This study reports the results of a questionnaire distributed to students and teaching staff regarding a project, Didattica in lingua straniera – CLIL@uniurb, which includes also data related to students who took advantage of study abroad opportunities over the years.
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Kirkham, Deak. "Culture, Communication, and Identity in Anglophone Study Abroad English Language Provision." In Student Culture and Identity in Higher Education, 293–311. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2551-6.ch017.
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Under the assumption of sociocultural theory (e.g. Lantolf 2005), language learning is both a highly individual and contextual phenomenon. In the specific case of English as a global language, the complexities are compounded. Recent insights from identity studies (e.g. Mercer 2011) further enrich the domain. This chapter offers a novel framework, the SCERT model, for conceptualising the interactions between learner identity and sociocultural interaction in specifically Anglophone contexts. The model provides a framework for constructing workable curricula which will support HE learners' language learning journey in Anglophone study contexts.
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Kirkham, Deak. "Culture, Communication, and Identity in Anglophone Study Abroad English Language Provision." In Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 411–29. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7663-1.ch020.
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Under the assumption of sociocultural theory (e.g. Lantolf 2005), language learning is both a highly individual and contextual phenomenon. In the specific case of English as a global language, the complexities are compounded. Recent insights from identity studies (e.g. Mercer 2011) further enrich the domain. This chapter offers a novel framework, the SCERT model, for conceptualising the interactions between learner identity and sociocultural interaction in specifically Anglophone contexts. The model provides a framework for constructing workable curricula which will support HE learners' language learning journey in Anglophone study contexts.
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Sætre, Glenn-Peter, and Mark Ravinet. "The theory of natural selection." In Evolutionary Genetics, 69–91. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830917.003.0004.
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Natural selection is the scientific explanation for the evolution of adaptations. Wonders of the living world, such as the anatomy and physiology that grants the cheetah its unchallenged running speed; the seductive colors and scents of a flower that are irresistible to its pollinators; and the accuracy and sophistication of sense organs such as the human eye are the ultimate results of this one creative force in evolution. This chapter investigates simple models of natural selection to explore its power in causing evolutionary change. Mathematical techniques including invasion fitness analysis and adaptive landscapes are powerful tools for analyzing such models and for identifying evolutionarily stable and unstable equilibria. The chapter further investigates frequency-dependent selection and evolutionary game theory. An important goal here is to show that selection can take many different forms and yield very different evolutionary outcomes.
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Hsu, Hsuan L. "Atmo-Orientalism." In The Smell of Risk, 113–51. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479807215.003.0005.
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Drawing on travelogues, legal documents, public health reports, descriptions of Chinatowns, Yellow Peril fiction, and racial iconography, this chapter traces a long-standing mode of racial discourse that has framed Asiatic bodies and practices as embodiments of modernity’s noxious atmospheres. It then considers how the early twentieth-century author Edith Maude Eaton / Sui Sin Far and the contemporary conceptual artist Anicka Yi deploy scent to critique and redress this pattern of olfactory racialization.
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Pirolli, Peter. "The Use of Proximal Information Scent to Forage for Distal Content on the World Wide Web." In Adaptive Perspectives on Human–Technology InteractionMethods and Models for Cognitive Engineering and Human-Computer Interaction, 247–66. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195374827.003.0022.
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Tselios, Nikolaos, Christos Katsanos, Georgios Kahrimanis, and Nikolaos Avouris. "Design and Evaluation of Web-based Learning Environments using Information Foraging Models." In Architecture Solutions for E-Learning Systems, 320–39. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-633-4.ch017.
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In this chapter methods and tools for effective design and evaluation of web-based learning environments are presented. The main aspect addressed by this proposal is that of increasing findability of information in large web sites of learning information content by applying methods and tools based on the information foraging model. It is argued that through this approach, issues of learning content structure and usability may be also addressed. In particular, we propose four different ways to have information foraging theory informing the design. Directives, to ensure proper learning content structuring and cues with strong scent, tools based on LSA to automate the design and evaluation process, methods to construct archetypal learner’s profiles from user data and added functions to realise collaborative information filtering and personal information patch creation, thus allowing learners to organize their reference materials in a meaningful and constructive way.
Conference papers on the topic "Scelta modale"
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Rathlev, Karsten, Steven Smyth, Christian Motika, Reinhard von Hanxleden, and Michael Mendler. "SCEst: Sequentially constructive esterel." In 2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Codesign (MEMOCODE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memcod.2015.7340462.
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Glisser, Max, Alejandro Osses, Claudio Albornoz, and Christian Gerard. "Comparison of Measured and Modeled DNL Values in the Vicinity of the SCEL Airport, Santiago, Chile." In ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2012. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2012-1108.
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This paper presents a methodology to obtain the day-night average sound pressure levels DNL from continuous measurements. The methodology is used for processing data acquired during 3 days of the summer of 2011 at a point located 9,500 meters to the south of the SCEL airport in Santiago of Chile, considering the unique contribution of aircraft noise. Additionally, this measured DNL is compared with a modeling performed for the same point via the software Integrated Noise Model version 7.0b. Finally, using the model settled, a calculation was made to find values of DNL on the same points where measurements were made in 2003 under the Environmental Impact Assessment for the second runway of the SCEL Airport. The results were compared and discussed.
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Pirolli, Peter. "Computational models of information scent-following in a very large browsable text collection." In the SIGCHI conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/258549.258558.
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Liu, Chunhu, and Bin Fu. "Development of a Compact Marine Environmental Monitoring Module Based on SMT32." In 2012 Spring Congress on Engineering and Technology (S-CET). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scet.2012.6342037.
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Ramakrishnan, Subramanian, and Manish Kumar. "Synthesis and Analysis of Control Laws for Swarm of Mobile Robots Emulating Ant Foraging Behavior." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4244.
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Ant foraging behavior has inspired research in a number of areas including distributed problem solving such as optimization and task allocation and mobile robot navigation. In the area of swarm robotic systems, ant foraging behavior has been largely modeled via behavior based techniques and analyzed using cellular automata. Development of continuous time models for ant foraging can potentially provide insights into new mechanisms and behaviors used by ants that provide self-organizing capabilities to the ant colony. This paper presents a distributed control law in continuous time that combines gradient following for pheromone concentration as well as food scent with random motion seen in ants. The paper also provides a continuous time model for pheromone laying in a 2D environment and carries out a preliminary numerical stability analysis of the solutions. Extensive simulation studies confirm emergent behaviors seen in ant systems such as trail formation and convergence to single food site. In addition, the paper examines the effect of randomness on robustness of convergence to a single food site.
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Liu, Azen Y., S. T. Shao, and S. B. Chang. "Using Various Pulse Durations and Reference Cells on Long-Pulse Solar Simulator for CIGS Thin-Film PV Module Performance Measurements." In 2012 Spring Congress on Engineering and Technology (S-CET). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scet.2012.6341935.
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García de Vicuña Muñoz de la Nava, Margarita, Beatriz Ferrer Aguilar, Rosario Luna García, Nuria Matí i Solé, Sharon Santos Segura, and Yesenia Zapata Masias. "Comparación de dos modelos de parto: estudio prospectivo de cohortes con dos grupos de pacientes paralelos comparando el modelo de parto utilizado." In Revistas - RECIEN - 2019, N. Especial. IX Congreso Nacional de SCELE “Calidad y Seguridad en los Cuidados”. Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/recien.2019.ix-congreso-scele.11.
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Li, T. H., T. S. Koh, C. H. Thng, X. Y. Wei, J. H. Zhao, L. H. D. Cheong, and C. C. T. Lim. "Correlation of Microcirculatory Parameters Derived from the Generalized Kinetic and Distributed Parameter Models: A Perfusion CT Study." In 2012 Spring Congress on Engineering and Technology (S-CET). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scet.2012.6341926.
Full textReports on the topic "Scelta modale"
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Pichersky, Eran, Alexander Vainstein, and Natalia Dudareva. Scent biosynthesis in petunia flowers under normal and adverse environmental conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699859.bard.
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The ability of flowering plants to prosper throughout evolution, and for many crop plants to set fruit, is strongly dependent on their ability to attract pollinators. To that end many plants synthesize a spectrum of volatile compounds in their flowers. Scent is a highly dynamic trait that is strongly influenced by the environment. However, with high temperature conditions becoming more common, the molecular interplay between this type of stress and scent biosynthesis need to be investigated. Using petunia as a model system, our project had three objectives: (1) Determine the expression patterns of genes encoding biosynthetic scent genes (BSGs) and of several genes previously identified as encoding transcription factors involved in scent regulation under normal and elevated temperature conditions. (2) Examine the function of petunia transcription factors and a heterologous transcription factor, PAPl, in regulating genes of the phenylpropanoid/benzenoid scent pathway. (3) Study the mechanism of transcriptional regulation by several petunia transcription factors and PAPl of scent genes under normal and elevated temperature conditions by examining the interactions between these transcription factors and the promoters of target genes. Our work accomplished the first two goals but was unable to complete the third goal because of lack of time and resources. Our general finding was that when plants grew at higher temperatures (28C day/22C night, vs. 22C/16C), their scent emission decreased in general, with the exception of a few volatiles such as vanillin. To understand why, we looked at gene transcription levels, and saw that generally there was a good correlation between levels of transcriptions of gene specifying enzymes for specific scent compounds and levels of emission of the corresponding scent compounds. Enzyme activity levels, however, showed little difference between plants growing at different temperature regimes. Plants expressing the heterologous gene PAPl showed general increase in scent emission in control temperature conditions but emission decreased at the higher temperature conditions, as seen for control plants. Finally, expression of several transcription factor genes decreased at high temperature, but expression of new transcription factor, EOB-V, increased, implicating it in the decrease of transcription of BSGs. The major conclusion of this work is that high temperature conditions negatively affect scent emission from plants, but that some genetic engineering approaches could ameliorate this problem.