Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'SCC'
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Lozano-Perez, Sergio. "TEM crack tip investigations of SCC." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7e503ff9-782a-4f74-b184-dddaa96e03e2.
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Over the last few years, TEM has become a powerful technique to study cracks and specially crack tips. However, the number of publications including TEM results has not grown as it was expected. The main reason for this might be difficulties in the sample preparation. In this work we present a novel FIB sample preparation technique which has proved to be an ideal tool for preparing cross sectional samples containing crack tips. The morphology of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) has been investigated in Alloy 600 subjected to constant load and slow strain rate tests in simulated primary circuit pressurized water reactor conditions. Cracks were observed to nucleate at high-angle grain boundaries and propagate to depths of a few tens of micrometer along such boundaries, still in the initiation stage. Electron diffraction, energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) have been used to identify the different corrosion products and precipitates. Elemental mapping was employed to reveal changes in composition in the crack tip area. Major observations at cracks and grain boundaries include: the presence of different oxides in different locations, differences in grain boundary oxides and open crack/free surface oxides. These observations suggest that IGSCC involves oxygen diffusion through a porous oxide region along grain boundaries to the bare metal. This is a novel concept that offers an alternative to previous mechanisms proposed in the literature e.g. H embrittlement, slip-dissolution, etc., for which no supporting evidence has been found.
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Gajdoš, Jan. "Samozhutnitelné betony SCC pro monolitické konstrukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227748.
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This thesis contains two parts: theoretical and experimental. In the theoretical part are described materials for production SCC and their effect on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Practical part is divided into two experiments. First experiment deals with the design, production and properties of hardened SCC strength classes C16/20, C20/25 and C25/30 with high volume fly ash and inert admixtures. The main endpoints were long-term compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. Second experiment of practical part deals with designs SCC with modulus of elasticity more than 40 kN/mm2.
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Laurino, Adrien. "Intégration des alliages d'aluminium dans le câblage électrique automobile : procédés de mise en forme, microstructure et durabilité." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7919/1/laurino.pdf.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans un programme de développement technologique de la Société LEONI. Ce programme de recherche a pour principal objectif de disposer, à l'issue des trois années de l'étude, d'un panel de connaissances scientifiques le plus pertinent possible sur la durabilité des alliages d'aluminium dans des environnements caractéristiques d'un faisceau électrique automobile. Il s'agit, à terme, d'intégrer, à l'échelle industrielle, l'aluminium ou l'un de ses alliages dans les câblages électriques automobiles. Après une première étape de sélection des matériaux, l'alliage retenu est un alliage d'aluminium 6101. La fabrication des faisceaux électriques automobiles nécessite l'utilisation de brins de petits diamètres qui sont obtenus, à partir d'une ébauche, par un procédé de mise en forme associant plusieurs étapes de tréfilage et de revenu. Chacune de ces étapes conditionne les propriétés de l'alliage. Les travaux réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse ont eu pour objectif d'analyser et de quantifier l'influence des différentes étapes de ce procédé de mise en forme sur la durabilité de l'alliage 6101. Compte tenu de l'environnement en service des faisceaux électriques, deux types de sollicitation ont été considérés ; ces sollicitations sont associées à un endommagement en corrosion d'une part et à un endommagement en fatigue-corrosion d'autre part. La première partie de ces travaux est donc consacrée à une étude du comportement en corrosion en milieu contenant des ions chlorures de l'alliage d'aluminium AA 6101 à l'état métallurgique T4, correspondant à l'état microstructural du matériau d'ébauche. L'influence des traitements thermomécaniques liés au procédé de mise en forme des fils fins sur la microstructure, les propriétés mécaniques et le comportement en corrosion de l'alliage AA 6101 fait l'objet de la seconde partie des travaux. Enfin, l'influence de contraintes mécaniques cycliques sur le comportement en corrosion de l'alliage AA 6101 en milieu NaCl 0,5M a été étudiée. L'ensemble de ces résultats met en évidence un couplage environnementmicrostructure-état de contraintes avec un fort impact des traitements thermo-mécaniques sur les microstructures et donc sur les propriétés mécaniques et le comportement en corrosion du matériau.
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Cordoba, Benoît. "Creep and shrinkage of self-consolidating concrete (SCC)." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1317343151&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Rich, David. "On-site application of self-compacting concrete (SCC)." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17229.
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Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a material which under its own self-weight flows to form and fill any shape, attains full compaction, without external energy input, to create a dense homogenous mass (based on Holton, 2003; The Concrete Society and BRE, 2005; Damtoft et al, 2008). It is, in respect to the history of concrete, a relatively new development, with its first UK application occurring in the late 1990s. Since then a significant amount of research has sought to understand its physical and structural properties, but there is a lack of a knowledge base on its practical application and performance in construction projects. Where it does exist, such research lacks robust and transparent data, particularly relating to the claimed attributes of the material (such as better surface finish, faster construction and lower overall costs). Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, this research investigates the construction practices employed when pouring SCC and presents new data on its practical applications. Interviews with a range of building contractors, ranging from multinationals to small UK businesses (SMEs), show that current perceptions of SCC limit its use to specific applications because practitioners see SCC as just another type of concrete . A critical examination of these attitudes led to the identification of three distinct scenarios for the use of SCC: 1. Reactive selection: in which a particular attribute of SCC provokes its use to solve a particular problem, often as a last minute substitution for conventional concrete the most common scenario. 2. Strategic change: in which the material is chosen on the basis of a balanced assessment of all its benefits and on the understanding that such benefits can only be attained if the contractor appreciates that there may be implications for the construction process a rarely experienced scenario. 3. Specification: in which there is complete acceptance of SCC as a method, not just as a material; a significant amount of early project involvement with knowledge holders, such as contractors and material suppliers, optimises the construction process. A rigorous work measurement study of live construction projects has made it possible to quantify the as-built costs of SCC for selected UK residential slab and multi-storey flat slab applications and compare this with the equivalent conventional concrete slab construction. On-site use of self-compacting concrete vi The results indicate that SCC can reduce construction times of structural topping layers of residential slabs by up to 73%, and has shown that SCC can also match, if not reduce, total as-built concrete placement costs in multi-storey applications. This new data will enable contractors, designers and specifiers to better understand the practical implications of using SCC for on-site applications, thereby leading to more potential instances of its early and planned specification, hence resulting in more of its full benefits being realised.
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Bulger, Jeffrey Thomas. "The effect of microstructure on near-neutral-pH SCC." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0006/MQ59785.pdf.
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Lightfoot, James William. "The roles of SCC-2 during C. elegans meiosis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554218.
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Cohesin mediates sister chromatid cohesion (SCC), and its regulated association with chromatin is required to promote faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis, as well as for the efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). In the mitotic cell cycle loading of cohesin requires a conserved complex containing the Scc2INipbl protein, which has also been proposed to promote binding of the cohesin-related complexes condensin and SMC-5/6. However, little is known about the factors that promote loading of cohesin and related SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) complexes during meiosis. During a screen for meiotic mutants in C. elegans, I isolated an allele of sec- 2, scc-2 (jql), that has allowed me to determine the roles that SCC-2 plays during meiosis. I show that during C. elegans meiosis loading of cohesin, but not condensin 11 or SMC-5/6, requires SCC-2, demonstrating that loading of condensin 11 and SMC-5/6 can be achieved by mechanisms independent of both SCC-2 and cohesin. The lack of cohesin in scc-2 mutants impairs the repair of meiotic DSBs and recombination intermediates accumulate extensively. Surprisingly, these accumulated intermediates fail to induce an apoptotic response, which is the normal outcome when persistent DNA lesions are detected by the conserved pachytene DNA damage checkpoint. I observed that this defect is caused by a failure to load the DNA damage sensor 9-1 ~ I complex onto persistent recombination intermediates in scc-2 mutants. A lack of meiotic cohesin also impairs the timely loading of the RAD-51 recombinase to irradiation-induced DSBs. These findings suggest that meiotic cohesin is required in the early steps of DSB processing and for the recruitment of checkpoint proteins to sites of DNA damage, thus revealing novel roles for cohesin.
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Li, Yuan. "Standardized physical property testing of self-consolidating concrete (SCC)." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679681111&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Dachelet, Darren O'Brien Schindler Anton K. "The effectiveness of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) for drilled shaft construction." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Civil_Engineering/Thesis/Dachelet_Darren_26.pdf.
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LEMOINE, ELISABETH. "Dosage radioimmunologique du scc et cancers epidermoides : une experience chez 156 patients." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25171.
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Necib, Ammour Ouarda. "Effect of platinum group metal (PGM) additions on the stress corrosion cracking resistance of type 304 stainless steel in pressurised water reactors." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/effect-of-platinum-group-metal-pgm-additions-on-the-stress-corrosion-cracking-resistance-of-type-304-stainless-steel-in-pressurised-water-reactors(d7578933-6268-4fe8-819e-7b9b066f5c2e).html.
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In pressurised water reactors (PWRs), hydrogen overpressure is used to keep the corrosion potential below the threshold for onset of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in type 304 SS. However, some regions may contain higher oxygen levels resulting in an increase in the potential. These 'dead space' regions are difficult to access and during refuelling; oxygen may become trapped in these locations. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of PGM additions on IGSCC susceptibility of type 304 stainless steels (SS) in the sensitised state within PWRs. The work presented herein investigates several aspects of the IGSCC problem. Virgin and platinum group metal (PGM)-modified (Ru and Pd) 304 SS have been studied. Material characterisation, including microstructural, tensile properties, hardness and grain size measurements, has been conducted. Crack initiation studies using U-bend samples in autoclaves simulating PWR environments have also been performed. In addition, crack propagation studies using circumferential cracked bar (CCB) specimens under constant extension in potassium tetrathionate solutions, a well-known medium to promote IGSCC on sensitised stainless steels, have been conducted in order to evaluate cracking resistance. Electrochemical studies using model solutions for PWR chemistry (containing boric acid and lithium hydroxide) and also potassium tetrathionate were carried out to look at the influence of the PGM on the kinetics of the main electrochemical reactions. The results revealed that PGM additions appeared to reduce crack initiation on sensitised type 304 SS under oxygenated conditions in high temperature water containing sulphate and chloride. PGM-doped and standard sensitised type 304 stainless steels revealed susceptibility to IGSCC propagation in 0.01 M K2S4O6, at pH=1.5 and 25°C. Electrochemical studies in potassium tetrathionate media showed smaller anodic dissolution peaks with PGM additions and metallography indicated less intergranular attack with PGM additions. In PWR model electrolytes, PGM additions, particularly 1 wt% Ru, were shown to catalyse the oxygen reduction reaction or hydrogen oxidation reaction, depending on the oxygen /hydrogen level. Overall findings showed that Ru additions can improve the IGSCC resistance of sensitised type 304 SS in PWR, while Pd additions are less effective.
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PIALAT, RINGENBACH CHRISTINE. "Scc (squamous cell carcinoma) antigene : un nouveau marqueur tumoral, et cancer bronchique." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11131.
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Cisse, Sarata. "Influence de la localisation de la déformation plastique sur la Corrosion sous Contrainte des aciers inoxydables. Application à l’IASCC des internes de cuve." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0067/document.
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L’état de surface des vis de liaison des internes de cuve du circuit primaire des REP (Réacteurs à Eau Pressurisée) en 316L en service correspond à une finition d’usinage par rectification. Ces vis sont affectées par l’IASCC (Corrosion Sous contrainte Assistée par l’Irradiation). Le processus d’amorçage de la fissuration est fonction de l’oxydation externe, de l’état de surface et des interactions de la couche d’oxyde avec la localisation de la plasticité. Un des objectifs de cette étude est déterminer l’influence de la préparation de surface sur la cinétique de croissance des couches d’oxyde et la réactivité de surface en général des nuances de type 304, 316 exposées en milieu primaire des REP à 340°C. Le second objectif est de déterminer l’influence de la localisation de la déformation sur la CSC (Corrosion Sous Contraintes) des aciers inoxydables austénitiques en milieu primaire des REP. En effet, la microstructure représentative de ces nuances irradiées correspond à une microstructure à déformation localisée dans des bandes de déformation dépourvues de défauts d’irradiation. Afin de reproduire cette microstructure représentative sur le matériau modèle de l’étude (l’acier austénitique inoxydable A286 durci par la précipitation de la phase γ’ Ni3(Ti,Al)) sans avoir recours à l’irradiation, des essais de fatigue oligocyclique à Δε/2 imposée sont réalisés. Durant le cyclage mécanique (après les premiers cycles de durcissement), les précipités sont dissouts dans des bandes de glissement menant à la localisation de la déformation. Une fois les conditions expérimentales en fatigue oligocyclique permettant d’obtenir la microstructure de déformation désirée déterminées, les interactions bandes de déformation / oxyde de surface sont étudiées en oxydant des coupons pré déformés contenant des bandes de déformation et des coupons non déformés. La préparation de surface des coupons est identique. Les essais de traction lente à une vitesse de déformation de 8 x 10-8/s sont également réalisés sur des éprouvettes pré déformées et non déformées. Les résultats ont montré que la préparation de surface modifie la microstructure du métal sous la couche d’oxyde, conduisant à un ralentissement de la cinétique de croissance de la couche d’oxyde. La préparation de surface induit cependant une accélération du développement de pénétrations d’oxydes dans le métal sous la couche d’oxyde. Ainsi, sur les échantillons rectifiés, la zone recristallisée sous la couche d’oxyde est plus profonde que sur les échantillons polis (jusqu’à 1,5μm contre 500nm au maximum sur les échantillons polis) et la couche d’oxyde est plus fine que sur les échantillons polis, tandis que les pénétrations d’oxyde sont présentes sur près de 1μm de profondeur en sous couche (contre 300nm sur les échantillons polis). Nous montrons que la zone de recristallisation induite par la préparation de surface ne permet pas l’observation des interactions entre les bandes de déformation générées dans le volume par la fatigue oligocyclique et la couche d’oxyde en surface. De fait, la réactivité de surface est très importante pour l’étude de la CSC des aciers inoxydables en milieu primaire des REP. Nous avons également démontré que cette nuance était très sensible à la corrosion intergranulaire en milieu REP à 340°C. Enfin, la localisation de la déformation plastique ne semble pas favoriser la CSC sur cette nuance à cette vitesse de déformationThe surface conditions of the 316L screw connecting vessel internals of the primary circuit of PWR (pressurized water reactor) corresponds to a grinding condition. These screws are affected by the IASCC (Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking). Initiation of cracking depends on the surface condition but also on the external oxidation and interactions of oxide layer with the deformation bands. The first objective of this study is to point the influence of surface condition on the growth kinetic of oxide layer, and the surface reactivity of 304, 316 stainless steel grade exposed to PWR primary water at 340 ° C. The second objective is to determine influence of strain localization on the SCC of austenitic stainless steels in PWR primary water. Indeed, the microstructure of irradiated 304, 316 grades correspond to a localized deformation in deformation bands free of radiation defects. In order to reproduce that microstructure without conducting irradiations, low cycle fatigue tests at controlled stain amplitude are implemented for the model material of the study (A286 austenitic stainless steel hardened by the precipitation of phase γ ‘Ni 3 (Ti, Al)). During the mechanical cycling (after the first hardening cycles), the precipitates are dissolved in slip bands leading to the localization of the deformation. Once the right experimental conditions in low cycle fatigue obtained (for localized microstructure), interactions oxidation / deformation bands are studied by oxidizing pre deformed samples containing deformation bands and non deformed samples. The tensile tests at a slow strain rate of 8 x 10-8 /s are also carried out on pre deformed samples and undeformed samples. The results showed that surface treatment induces microstructural modifications of the metal just under the oxide layer, leading to slower growth kinetics of the oxide layer. However, surface treatment accelerates development of oxides penetrations in metal under the oxide layer. As example, for grinded samples, the recrystallized area under the oxide layer, induced by surface treatment, is deeper than for polished sample (up to 1.5 microns vs 500 nm for the polished samples) and the oxide layer is thinner than on the polished samples, while the penetrations oxide are expands on nearly 1μm under the oxide layer (against 300nm for the polished samples). We also show that the area recrystallization resulting from surface treatment, does not allow observing the interactions between the deformation bands in the bulk generated by LCF and the oxide layer at surface. Actually, surface reactivity is strongly important for SCC study of stainless steels in PWR primary water. We also demonstrated that this grade was very sensitive to intergranular corrosion in PWR environment at 340 ° C. Finally, localization of plastic deformation does not seem to favor SCC in our A-286 grade, at that strain rate level
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SORDAGE, MONIQUE. "Interet d'un marqueur tumoral, le squamous cell carcinoma, en pathologie anale." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE6558.
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Hartmann, Marie-Thérèse. "Interet du scc ta-4 dans le cancer epidermoide de l'oesophage par rapport a l'ace - ca 19-9 - ca 125." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE6508.
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Geda, Lemi Gemechu. "Macrostructure and Micro chemistry Analysis on Stress Corrosion Cracking(SCC) of Alloy 690." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374161228.
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Keller, Scott. "Stress Intensity Factor Dependence of HG-AL Liquid Metal Embrittlement." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2220.
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When high strength aluminum alloys are subjected to liquid metals, physical and chemical reactions ensue resulting in what is known as liquid metal embrittlement (LME). A subset of environmentally-assisted cracking, LME is exhibited when a liquid metal, e.g. Hg or Ga, comes into intimate contact with a solid metal having significant susceptibility. As mechanical loads are applied, the interaction between the two metals results in a reduction in the flow properties of the solid metal. Several theories have been proposed to identify the underlying microstructural failure mechanism; however, none have been widely accepted, as failures can typically incorporate features common to several failure theories. In an effort to confirm, extend or replace the physically-based theories, fracture mechanics experiments on Al 7075-T651 in liquid mercury have been conducted. Experiments were conducted in a custom environmental chamber capable of exposing specimens to liquid environments while applying a mechanical load. Through both plane-strain fracture and stress intensity factor-dependent (SIF) tests, fracture toughness values along with incubation periods were analyzed and provided data for a load-based theory of LME. These mechanical test data, along with metallographic analysis, show that the phenomena of LME is both strongly time- and SIF-dependent.M.S.M.E.
Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering MSME
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Holste, Joseph Robert. "Evaluating time-dependent and bond characteristics of a lightweight concrete mix for Kansas prestressed concrete bridges." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6998.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Civil Engineering
Robert J. Peterman
This thesis details findings from testing done to determine bond and time-dependent characteristics of two lightweight concrete mixes. The lightweight mixes were tested to possibly provide a more cost-effective solution to replacing some of Kansas’ older bridges. Testing included use of a conventional lightweight mix and a self-consolidating lightweight mix. Sixteen Inverted T-beams were cast at a prestress plant to determine prestress losses that had occurred in the two lightweight mixes. These losses were compared to ACI, PCI, and AASHTO code equations. Creep and shrinkage prisms were also cast and measured to accurately determine creep and shrinkage variables for the two lightweight mixes. Twelve flexural beams were also cast at the prestress plant and tested at Kansas State University’s Civil Engineering Structures Laboratory to experimentally test development lengths of the lightweight mixes and to compare results with ACI code equations. This study found compressive strengths of the lightweight concrete mixes varied greatly from laboratory testing. Low concrete strengths caused the prestress losses to be greater than the predicted code values. Flexure beam testing showed several of the beams were subject to strand slip, causing a sudden violent failure.
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Martinez, Michel. "Interet du marqueur s. C. C. (squamous cell carcinoma) dans le cancer du col de l'uterus." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11073.
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顔婉嫦 and Yuen-sheung Hextan Ngan. "The clinical significance of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) in carcinoma of cervix." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31981586.
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Chen, Jinwei. "The effects of specimen geometry of susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of steels." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270796.
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Mohammed, Mahmoud Khashaa. "Multi-scale response of sustainable self-compacting concrete (SCC) to carbonation and chloride penetration." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29130/.
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The work described in this thesis has been performed in order to gain further understanding of the relationship between the microstructural characteristics of some common types of medium to high strength sustainable Self- Compacting Concretes (SCCs) (especially the internal pore structure, the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), and chemical composition) and the carbon dioxide and chloride diffusivities. This was done by evaluating the diffusion coefficients with the aid of some selected and modified accelerated tests at the macro scale. The internal composition and microstructure form were quantitatively analyzed for one normal vibrated concrete (NVC), one normal SCC mix (R-SCC) and three different types of sustainable SCCs with relatively high partial replacement of cement at micro and nano scales and linked with the macro scale tests. This was done by using a wide range of advanced techniques such as thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the penetration parameters from the macro short term tests were used to simulate the results mathematically in order to assess the long term behaviour of the concrete mixes. Possible mechanisms, in multi-scale terms, are proposed to explain the overall response of both normal and sustainable medium to high strength grade SCCs to the degradation caused by carbonation and chloride penetration in harsh environments. The findings of the research will contribute to deeply understand the role of the internal microstructure of sustainable SCC in determining the carbonation and chloride penetration. The recommendations derived from this research are fundamental to achieving more durable sustainable SCC with longer service life for applications in aggressive environments.
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Bailey, Joseph Donald Schindler Anton K. Brown Dan A. "An evaluation of the use of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) for drilled shaft applications." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1278.
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Ngan, Yuen-sheung Hextan. "The clinical significance of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) in carcinoma of cervix." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14553247.
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Hosseinpoor, Masoud. "Numerical simulation of fresh SCC flow in wall and beam elements using flow dynamics models." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9808.
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Abstract : Recently, there is a great interest to study the flow characteristics of suspensions in different environmental and industrial applications, such as snow avalanches, debris flows, hydrotransport systems, and material casting processes. Regarding rheological aspects, the majority of these suspensions, such as fresh concrete, behave mostly as non-Newtonian fluids. Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. Due to the limitations that exist in terms of workability and formwork filling abilities of normal concrete, a new class of concrete that is able to flow under its own weight, especially through narrow gaps in the congested areas of the formwork was developed. Accordingly, self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is a novel construction material that is gaining market acceptance in various applications. Higher fluidity characteristics of SCC enable it to be used in a number of special applications, such as densely reinforced sections. However, higher flowability of SCC makes it more sensitive to segregation of coarse particles during flow (i.e., dynamic segregation) and thereafter at rest (i.e., static segregation). Dynamic segregation can increase when SCC flows over a long distance or in the presence of obstacles. Therefore, there is always a need to establish a trade-off between the flowability, passing ability, and stability properties of SCC suspensions. This should be taken into consideration to design the casting process and the mixture proportioning of SCC. This is called “workability design” of SCC. An efficient and non-expensive workability design approach consists of the prediction and optimization of the workability of the concrete mixtures for the selected construction processes, such as transportation, pumping, casting, compaction, and finishing. Indeed, the mixture proportioning of SCC should ensure the construction quality demands, such as demanded levels of flowability, passing ability, filling ability, and stability (dynamic and static). This is necessary to develop some theoretical tools to assess under what conditions the construction quality demands are satisfied. Accordingly, this thesis is dedicated to carry out analytical and numerical simulations to predict flow performance of SCC under different casting processes, such as pumping and tremie applications, or casting using buckets. The L-Box and T-Box set-ups can evaluate flow performance properties of SCC (e.g., flowability, passing ability, filling ability, shear-induced and gravitational dynamic segregation) in casting process of wall and beam elements. The specific objective of the study consists of relating numerical results of flow simulation of SCC in L-Box and T-Box test set-ups, reported in this thesis, to the flow performance properties of SCC during casting. Accordingly, the SCC is modeled as a heterogeneous material. Furthermore, an analytical model is proposed to predict flow performance of SCC in L-Box set-up using the Dam Break Theory. On the other hand, results of the numerical simulation of SCC casting in a reinforced beam are verified by experimental free surface profiles. The results of numerical simulations of SCC casting (modeled as a single homogeneous fluid), are used to determine the critical zones corresponding to the higher risks of segregation and blocking. The effects of rheological parameters, density, particle contents, distribution of reinforcing bars, and particle-bar interactions on flow performance of SCC are evaluated using CFD simulations of SCC flow in L-Box and T-box test set-ups (modeled as a heterogeneous material). Two new approaches are proposed to classify the SCC mixtures based on filling ability and performability properties, as a contribution of flowability, passing ability, and dynamic stability of SCC.Résumé : Récemment, il y a un grand intérêt à étudier les caractéristiques d'écoulement des suspensions dans différentes applications environnementales et industrielles, telles que les avalanches des neiges, les coulées de débris, les systèmes de transport et les processus d’écoulement des matériaux. En ce qui concerne les aspects rhéologiques, la plupart des suspensions, comme le béton frais, se comportent comme un fluide non-Newtonien. Le béton est le matériau de construction le plus largement utilisé dans le monde. En raison de limites qui caractérisent le béton normal en termes de maniabilité et de capacité de remplissage de coffrage, il était nécessaire de développer une nouvelle classe de béton qui peut couler sous son propre poids, en particulier à travers les zones congestionnées du coffrage. Par conséquent, le béton autoplaçant (BAP) est un nouveau matériau de construction qui est de plus en plus utilisé dans les différentes applications. Étant donné sa fluidité élevée de BAP peut être utilisé dans certaines applications particulières, notamment dans la section densément renforcée. Cependant, la fluidité élevée rend le béton plus sensible à la ségrégation des gros granulats pendant l'écoulement (la ségrégation dynamique) et ensuite au repos (ségrégation statique). La ségrégation dynamique peut augmenter lorsque le BAP est coulé sur une longue distance ou en présence d'obstacles. Par conséquent, il est toujours nécessaire d'établir un compromis entre la fluidité, la capacité de passage, et la stabilité du BAP. Ceci doit être pris en considération afin de concevoir le processus de coulée et dosage des mélanges du BAP. Ceci est appelé la conception d'ouvrabilité du BAP. Une conception de maniabilité efficace et non coûteuse peut être achevée à travers la e prévision et l'optimisation de l'ouvrabilité des mélanges de béton pour les procédés de construction sélectionnés, notamment le transport, le pompage, la mise en place, le compactage, la finition, etc. En effet, les formulations de mélange doivent se confirmer à la qualité de la construction demandée, par exemple les niveaux exigés de fluidité, la capacité de passage, la capacité de remplissage, et la stabilité (statique et dynamique). Celui est nécessaire pour développer des outils théoriques afin d’évaluer dans quelles conditions les exigences de qualité de la construction sont satisfaites. Cette thèse est consacrée à la réaliser des simulations analytiques et numériques pour prédire la performance d'écoulement du BAP dans différents procédés de la mise en place du béton. L'objectif spécifique de cette étude consiste à simuler l'écoulement du BAP dans essais empiriques, notamment la boite en L et la boite en T pour évaluer la performance du BAP pendent la mise en place (la fluidité, la capacité de passage, la capacité de remplissage, et la ségrégation dynamique induite par cisaillement ou par gravité). Par conséquent, le BAP est modélisé comme matériau hétérogène. En outre, un modèle analytique est proposé pour prédire la performance à l'écoulement du BAP dans la boite en L en utilisant la théorie de Dam Break. D'autre part, les résultats des simulations numériques de l’écoulement du BAP dans une poutre renforcée sont comparés aux résultats expérimentaux par des profils de surface libres. Les résultats des simulations numériques de BAP coulée (modélisée comme un fluide homogène unique), sont utilisés pour déterminer les zones critiques correspondant à des risques plus élevés de ségrégation et de blocage. Les effets des paramètres rhéologiques, la masse volumique, le contenu des particules, la distribution de barres d'armature, et les interactions particule-barres sur les performances d'écoulement du BAP sont évaluées à l'aide de simulations MFN d’écoulement du BAP par les essais des L-Box et T-box (modélisée comme une matériau hétérogène). Deux nouvelles approches sont proposées pour classifier les mélanges du BAP sur la base de la capacité de remplissage, et les propriétés de performabilité, en fonction de la fluidité, la capacité de passage et de la stabilité dynamique du BAP.
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Imrich, Kenneth J. "The SCC behavior of austenitic alloys in an oxygen-free CO₂ environment containing chloride ions." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77903.
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Stress-corrosion cracking of austenitic alloys in an oxygen-free carbon dioxide environment containing chloride ions was studied under static conditions. Stiffness and X-ray measurements supported results obtained from SEM photomicrographs indicating that the CT specimens loaded to a stress intensity of 22 ksi-in.5 were not susceptible to SCC in this environment. These alloys were also evaluated for their SCC resistance in boiling MgCl₂ and NaCl solutions. Results of this study indicated that alloys containing higher nickel contents were more resistant to chloride SCC.Master of Science
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Wright, David Marc. "The effect of cold rolling on the susceptibility of austenitic stainless steel to stress corrosion cracking in primary circuit pressurised water reactor environment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effect-of-cold-rolling-on-the-susceptibility-of-austenitic-stainless-steel-to-stress-corrosion-cracking-in-primary-circuit-pressurised-water-reactor-environment(43d9ea3e-e941-4412-90f6-907f715b78c5).html.
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The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of components which are fabricated from austenitic stainless steel has been observed in the primary circuit of pressurised water reactors (PWR). In recent years it has become an increasing concern that cold work can induce susceptibility to SCC in these materials, even when exposed to good-quality flowing coolant. Laboratory studies which were launched in response to this observation have confirmed that SCC susceptibility is enhanced by cold work. The intention of this study is therefore to investigate the link between the effects of cold work on the material and the susceptibility to SCC. The investigation has been conducted on a grade 304 austenitic stainless steel. Characterisation of the microstructure and mechanical properties has been carried out in the annealed condition, and following cold rolling to a reduction in thickness of 20 %. The cold rolled material has then been subjected to SCC tests in simulated PWR primary circuit coolant. Two types of test were utilised: slow strain rate tests (SSRTs) were carried out in order to investigate the initiation of cracks from a smooth surface and constant load tests using pre-cracked specimens were used to investigate the crack propagation behaviour. In both types of test the SCC produced was predominantly intergranular. The SSRTs revealed that the most susceptible grain boundaries separated grains which had dissimilar deformation microstructures (one grain deformed heavily by planar bands, the other more homogenously). It was also observed that initiation could occur on a grain boundary which is adjacent to an annealing twin. In both microstructural configurations the susceptibility is likely to be due to the deformation incompatibility across the failed boundary, possible indicating that shear at the boundary is important for the initiation of cracking. The crack propagation behaviour of the rolled material was particularly anisotropic; regardless of the loading direction (specimens were manufactured to allow loading along the rolling, transverse and normal plate directions) cracking was observed to occur parallel to the rolling-transverse plane. The origin of this behaviour was explored in terms of preferential alignment of the deformation microstructure and the anisotropic mechanical properties of the rolled plate. Limited transgranular cracking was also observed, which occurred along oxidised deformation bands. The results overall indicate that heterogeneous deformation between different regions of the material, and preferential alignment of the deformation microstructure are important with respect to the SCC susceptibility of the rolled material.
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Weimer, Michael Dominik [Verfasser]. "Biomechanische Eigenschaften des Keratinnetzwerkes in SCC-25-Zellen und deren Modifikation durch Keratinphosphorylierung / Michael Dominik Weimer." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049561961/34.
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Kano, Masato. "Detection of Lymph Node Metasatasis of Oesophageal Cancer by RT-nested PCR for SCC antigen mRNA." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150176.
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Boehm, Kurtis McKinley Barnes Robert W. "Structural performance of self-consolidating concrete in AASHTO type I prestressed girders." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Civil_Engineering/Thesis/Boehm_Kurtis_25.pdf.
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Hellström, Matti. "Chemistry and Physics of Cu and H2O on ZnO Surfaces : Electron Transfer, Surface Triangles, and Theory." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Strukturkemi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-236302.
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This thesis discusses the chemistry and physics of Cu and H2O on ZnO surfaces, based primarily on results from quantum chemical calculations. The underlying context is heterogeneous catalysis, where Cu/ZnO-mixtures are used in the industrial synthesis of methanol and in the water gas shift reaction. Electron transfer between small Cu clusters and ZnO is central to this thesis, as are the design and use of models that can describe realistic and very large-scale ZnO surface structures while still retaining the electronic nature of the system. Method and model enhancements as well as tests and validations constitute a large part of this thesis. The thesis demonstrates that the charges of small Cu clusters, adsorbed on the non-polar ZnO(10-10) surface, depend on whether the Cu clusters contain an even or odd number of atoms, and whether water is present (water can induce electron transfer from Cu to ZnO). On the polar Zn-terminated ZnO(0001) surface, Cu becomes negatively charged, which causes it to attract positively charged subsurface defects and to wet the ZnO(0001) surface at elevated temperatures. When a Cu cluster on a ZnO surface becomes positively charged, this happens because it donates an electron to the ZnO conduction band. Hence, it is necessary to use a method which describes the ZnO band gap correctly, and we show that a hybrid density functional, which includes a fraction of Hartree-Fock exchange, fulfills this requirement. When the ZnO conduction band becomes populated by electrons from Cu, band-filling occurs, which affects the adsorption energy. The band-filling correction is presented as a means to extrapolate the calculated adsorption energy under periodic boundary conditions to the zero coverage (isolated adsorbate, infinite supercell) limit. A part of this thesis concerns the parameterization of the computationally very efficient SCC-DFTB method (density functional based tight binding with self-consistent charges), in a multi-scale modeling approach. Our findings suggest that the SCC-DFTB method satisfactorily describes the interaction between ZnO surfaces and water, as well as the stabilities of different surface reconstructions (such as triangularly and hexagonally shaped pits) at the polar ZnO(0001) and ZnO(000-1) surfaces.
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Aleessa, Alam Burhan. "Utilization Of Soda And Beer Wastes In Cementitious Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610893/index.pdf.
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To maintain the sustainability of cement and concrete production, there is a
trend to use wastes in their production. Soda waste, generated by soda ash
production process, and beer waste, generated by beer filtration process, are
two locally produced wastes in Turkey and many other countries. The nature of
these wastes, mostly their fineness, makes them possible to be used in concrete
production, especially as a viscosity modifying agent in the self consolidating
type of concrete.
In this study, the addition of soda and beer wastes to self consolidating mortar
(SCM) and self consolidating concrete (SCC), without any treatment but drying,
and its effect on their properties were investigated. Mortar and concrete mixes
were prepared using these two wastes as cement or aggregate replacement in
various amounts. Tests like slump flow, V-Funnel and L-Box for determining the
fresh properties, and compressive strength for the hardened properties of the
mixtures were carried out to examine the effects of these wastes on the
properties of SCM and SCC.
The tests revealed that soda waste takes no role in the strength development of
the mixes. However, it is possible to use this waste as aggregate replacement to
improve the workability and flowability properties of SCM and SCC. The use of
beer waste showed contradictive results. A special treatment for this waste
before using it in concrete might be required.
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Huang, Yen-Jui. "Effect of Dissolved-Hydrogen on SCC Behavior of Solution-Annealed 316L and 310S SS in Hot Water." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232397.
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Kretschmer, Emily R. "Efficacy of the PortaSCC® milk test to estimate somatic cell count (SCC) and detect subclinical mastitis in sheep, and the effect of cell counting method, sampling day, and udder health status on SCC and constituents in sheep mild." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447606.
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Leonard, Fabien. "Study of stress corrosion cracking of alloy 600 in high temperature high pressure water." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/study-of-stress-corrosion-cracking-of-alloy-600-in-high-temperature-high-pressure-water(73edf35d-2bf4-42be-9816-b0746620dcf5).html.
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Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of alloy 600 is regarded as one of the most important challenges to nuclear power plant operation worldwide. This study investigates two heats of alloy 600 (forged control rod drive mechanismnozzle and rolled divider plate) in order to obtain a better understanding of the effects of the material parameter on the SCC phenomenon. The experimental approach was designed to determine the effect of the manufacturing process (forged vs. rolled), the cold-work (as-received vs. cold-worked) and the strain path (monotonic vs. complex) on SCC of alloy 600. Specimens with different strain paths have been produced from two materials representative of plant components and tested in high temperature (360°C) high pressure primary water environment. The manufacturing process has been proven to have a great effect on the stress corrosion cracking behaviour of alloy 600. Indeed, the SCC susceptibility assessment has demonstrated that the rolled materialis resistant to SCC even after cold work, whereas the forged material is susceptible in the as-received state. Microstructural characterisations have been undertaken to explain these differences in SCC behaviour. The carbide distribution is the main microstructural parameter influencing SCC but the misorientation, in synergy with the carbide distribution, has been proven to give a better representation of the materials SCC susceptibilities.
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Sizov, Vladimir E. "SCC initiation study of X-52 pipeline steel and its various microstructures in near neutral pH bicarbonate solution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0020/MQ48369.pdf.
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Korchagina, Kseniia. "Etude par dynamique moléculaire des propriétés structurales, dynamiques et thermodynamiques d'agrégats moléculaires." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30227/document.
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Les agrégats de molécules d'eau constituent une classe d'espèces chimiques importante du fait de leur rôle central dans de nombreux processus physico-chimiques et biologiques terrestres, en particulier, les processus atmosphériques. Leurs propriétés physiques et chimiques sont particulièrement sensibles aux effets de taille et aux effets de température, ce qui les rend particulièrement difficile à caractériser expérimentalement. Ainsi, mes travaux de thèse ont porté sur l'étude théorique des propriétés structurales, dynamiques et thermodynamiques ainsi que sur la réactivité de divers agrégats de molécules d'eau avec pour objectif de mettre en place des outils de modélisation adaptés, permettant une description plus fine de ces systèmes. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé des approches de dynamique moléculaire de type "parallel-tempering" qui ont été couplées avec des calculs d'énergie et de gradient réalisés par la méthode Self-Consistent-Charge Density-Functional based Tight-Binding (SCC-DFTB). Trois grands volets ont été abordés au cours de ces travaux. Dans la première partie, l'analyse détaillée des structures des agrégats d'eau (H2O)nSO24- et (H2O)nH2SO4 avec n=1-20 est présentée. Nous avons mis en évidence l'influence de la nature de l'impureté soufrée sur le réseau de liaisons hydrogène de ces agrégats. La deuxième partie de cette thèse porte sur l'étude de la transition de phase "solide-liquide" dans divers agrégats de molécules d'eau. En plus des agrégats soufrés évoqués ci-dessus, nous avons également étudié des agrégats d'eau protonés contenant de 19 à 23 molécules d'eau. Pour mieux comprendre le mécanisme de transition de phase, nous avons considéré divers changements structuraux associés à la transition tels que l'évolution des distributions d'angles intermoléculaires et l'évolution du nombre de cycles de molécules dans l'agrégat. Nous avons également caractérisé la transition de phase au travers d'indicateurs dynamiques tels que la fréquence de transfert du proton en excès. La dernière partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de l'influence de petits agrégats d'eau (allant de 1 à 10 molécules d'eau) sur la réaction de recombinaison entre l'atome H et la molécule CO. Cette réaction est la première étape de formation des molécules organiques oxygénées simples dans le milieu interstellaire. Elle présente donc un intérêt particulier. Grâce à l'analyse de dynamiques collisionnelles entre H et CO ainsi qu'au calcul de sections efficaces de réaction, nous avons montré que la présence des molécules d'eau joue un rôle important dans le processus de formation du radical HCOWater clusters constitute an important class of chemical species due to their central role in many physico-chemical and biological processes, in particular, atmospheric processes. Their physical and chemical properties are particularly sensitive to size and finite-temperature effects, which makes them particularly difficult to characterize experimentally. This thesis focused on the theoretical investigation of the structural, dynamical and thermodynamical properties as well as on the reactivity of various water clusters with the aim to implement appropriate modeling tools to enable a more detailed description of these systems. To do so, we used the paralleltempering molecular dynamics approach that was coupled with calculations of energies and gradients carried out by the Self-Consistent-Charge Density-Functional based Tight-Binding (SCC-DFTB) method.Three main areas were addressed during the work. In the first part, a detailed analysis of the structure of water clusters (H2O)nSO24- and (H2O)nH2SO4 with n=1-20 is performed. This study highlights the influence of the nature of the sulfur impurity on the hydrogen bond network of these species.The second part of this thesis focuses on the study of the "solid-liquid" phase transition in various water clusters. In addition to the sulfur-containing water clusters mentioned above, we also investigated protonated water clusters containing from 19 to 23 water molecules. To better understand the phase transition mechanism, we considered various structural changes associated with the transition, such as the evolution of the distributions of intermolecular angles and the evolution of the number of molecular rings in the cluster. We also characterized the phase transition through dynamical indicators such as the crossover frequency of the excess proton. The last part of this thesis is devoted to the study of the influence of small water clusters (from 1 to 10 water molecules) on the recombination reaction between the H atom and the CO molecule. This reaction is the first step in the formation of simple oxygenated organic molecules in the interstellar medium. It is therefore of particular interest. Due to the analysis of collisional dynamics between H and CO and the calculation of effective reaction cross sections we showed that the presence of water molecules plays an important role in the HCO radical formation
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Fuertes, André Filipe Gonçalves. "Análise económica da adoção de navios autónomos no sector Offshore Oil & Gas, uma perspetiva de futuro." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20146.
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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialA introdução de navios autónomos capazes de navegar independentemente sem tripulação a bordo parece ser uma realidade próxima na indústria marítima. A aposta neste tipo de tecnologia promete benefícios económicos pela redução de custos com tripulações, operações mais seguras, melhores eficiências energéticas e melhorias ao nível da construção naval. Neste trabalho, partiu-se de um navio PSV convencional de grau um na escala de Autonomia IMO que existe fisicamente e opera no sector Offshore Oil & Gas, com tripulação a bordo. Fazendo uma análise económica se o mesmo fosse um navio autónomo de grau três na mesma escala IMO sem qualquer tripulação a bordo, e nas mesmas condições de operação. O estudo segue a metodologia do projeto MUNIN, que fez uma análise análoga para um navio graneleiro. O que o presente estudo traz de inovador, é não só focar a analise no sector Offshore Oil & Gas, mas sobretudo utilizar valores reais de custos operacionais, de viagem e de capital de um navio que existe fisicamente em lugar de modelos teóricos de navios. A análise centra-se sobretudo no apuramento dos custos do navio nas duas condições, enquanto navio convencional, e na sua condição de autónomo. No que concerne às receitas, o navio opera a uma taxa de frete diária fixa contratada, que se considerou que depende dos mercados de brokerage e por essa razão a analise é centrada nos custos. As conclusões demonstram que o navio autónomo permite vantagens nas três dimensões de custos analisadas comparativamente ao navio convencional.
The introduction of autonomous ships capable of sailing independently without crew on board seems to be a close reality in the maritime industry. The investment in this type of technology promises economic benefits by reducing crew cost, safer operations, increase fuel efficiency, improvements in shipbuilding. In this research we started with a PSV ship that exists physically and operates in the offshore Oil & Gas Sector, of grade one on the IMO autonomy scale, crew manned. Performed an economic analysis of the ship operating under the same conditions but supposing it was in grade three on the IMO autonomy scale, without crew. The study follows the MUNIN project methodology, which performed similar analysis for a bulk carrier. The innovation the present research brings is not only the focus on the offshore Oil & Gas sector, but above all the use of real data of a real ship, when so far this analysis was based only in theoretical models. The analysis focuses mainly on determining the costs in both ship conditions separately as a conventional ship and in its autonomous condition. Regarding revenues, the ship is operating in a fixed daily rate freight, which was considered to be depending on brokerage markets, for this reason the analysis is centred on costs. The conclusions show that the autonomous vessel is cost advantageous in the three dimensions regarding the conventional ship.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Al-Qaraghuli, Sahar. "Le rôle de XPC dans l’invasion des cancers cutanés chez l’homme." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4037/document.
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Le cancer spinocellulaire (CSC) est le cancer de la peau le plus fréquent chez l’homme. Son étiologie est liée à l'exposition aux rayonnements ultraviolets (UV). Le xeroderma pigmentosum C (XP-C) est une maladie génétique caractérisée par l’absence de la protéine XPC entrainant une déficience dans la réparation des lésions dans l’ADN induites par les UV. La persistance de ces lésions chez ces patients entraine l’apparition précoce de CSC particulièrement agressifs. Les fibroblastes cutanés XP-C présentent un phénotype ressemblant à celui des fibroblastes associés aux cellules cancéreuses, suggérant un rôle promoteur dans le développement précoce des CSC XP-C. Nous avons étudié les effets des fibroblastes XP-C sur l’invasion de cellules de carcinomes. Dans des cultures organotypiques de peau, les fibroblastes XP-C favorisent l'invasion des cellules de CSC. De plus, ex vivo, la cicatrisation des cellules CSC est plus rapide en présence de surnageants de culture de fibroblastes XP-C et est due à un effet mitogénique des fibroblastes XP-C qui augmente la proportion des cellules de CSC dans la phase G2-M du cycle. Les fibroblastes XP-C surexpriment le facteur de croissance HGF qui active le récepteur c-Met et les voies de signalisation p38 et JNK dans les cellules de CSC. Le blocage de HGF entraîne l’inactivation de c-Met, p38 et JNK et bloque l'invasion des cellules CSC. De plus, nous montrons que les fibroblastes XP-C jouent un rôle de cellules « leader » dans l’invasion des CSC. Les fibroblastes XP-C créent un microenvironnement permissif à l'invasion des CSC. Des thérapies ciblant les fibroblastes XP-C pourraient permettre le contrôle de l’invasion des CSC chez les XPSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent metastatic skin cancer. His etiology is linked to exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Xeroderma pigmentosum C (XP-C) is a genetic disorder characterized by a severe susceptibility to aggressive SCCs following minimal exposure to UVR. XP-C cells are deficient in nucleotide excision repair (NER) of UV-induced DNA lesions. XP-C dermal fibroblasts expresse a phenotype resembling that of stromal fibroblasts associated to cancer cells with accumulation of reactive oxygen species and over expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). We explored the effects of XP-C fibroblasts on migration and invasion of SCC cells. In organotypic skin cultures, XP-C fibroblasts promote the invasion of SCC cells. Also, scratch healing of SCC cells is enhanced with culture supernatants of XP-C fibroblasts through a mitogenic effect connected to increased ratio of SCC cells in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle. We show that XP-C fibroblasts overexpress the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and activate the c-Met receptor and the p38 and JNK pathways in SCC cells. Blockage of HGF inhibits c-Met, p38 and JNK activation and prevented invasiveness of SCC cells within dermal equivalents. Spheroid assays show that XP-C fibroblasts lead SCC invasions. Our data indicate for the first time that XP-C fibroblasts are responsible for the formation of a permissive microenvironment towards SCC cells proliferation and invasion. Therapies targeting XP-C fibroblasts may be considered as a way to control aggressive cancer in XP-C patients
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Bergkvist, Gurå Therese. "Role of epidermal growth factor receptor in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5542.
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Feline oral squamous cell carcinomas (FOSCCs) are locally aggressive tumours and a common cause of mortality and morbidity. Current treatment options are rarely successful and animals are frequently euthanised upon diagnosis due to their grave prognosis. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase receptor which is frequently dysregulated in SCC of the head and neck (HNSCC) in man. Recent advances in human medicine have identified EGFR as a therapeutic target in HNSCC. In this study the role of EGFR in FOSCC was investigated. Sixty seven biopsy samples were immunohistochemically labelled for EGFR and Ki67, a proliferation marker. The tyrosine kinase region of feline EGFR was cloned and sequenced, and six small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the tyrosine kinase region were developed. The most effective siRNA as well as an EGFR specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, was then used on a feline SCC cell line (SCCF1), and the effect of EGFR targeting alone, or in combination with irradiation, on the cell line was determined. The majority of the biopsy samples were labelled positively for EGFR and Ki67, and high proliferation corresponded with poor prognosis. The siRNA caused reduction in EGFR mRNA by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and protein levels as assessed by western blot analysis. Reduced cell proliferation and migration were also observed by proliferation assays and scratch assays respectively. Combining EGFR knockdown with irradiation caused an additive effect on the ability of the cell line to form colonies. These results support the role of EGFR as a potential therapeutic target in FOSCCs.
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Janzén, Johan. "Evaluation of Energy-Optimizing Scheduling Algorithms for Streaming Computations on Massively Parallel Multicore Architectures." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-111385.
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This thesis describes an environment to evaluate and compare static schedulers for real pipelined streaming applications on massively parallel architectures, such as Intel Single chip Cloud Computer (SCC), Adapteva Epiphany, and Tilera TILE-Gx series. The framework allows performance comparison of schedulers in their execution time, or the energy usage of static schedules with energy models and measurements on real platform. This thesis focuses on the implementation of a framework evaluating the energy consumption of such streaming applications on the SCC. The framework can run streaming applications, built as task collections, with static schedules including dynamic frequency scaling. Streams are handled by the framework with FIFO buffers, connected between tasks. We evaluate the framework by considering a pipelined mergesort implementation with different static schedules. The runtime is compared with the runtime of a previously published task based optimized mergesort implementation. The results show how much overhead the framework adds on to the streaming application. As a demonstration of the energy measuring capabilities, we schedule and analyze a Fast Fourier Transform application, and discuss the results. Future work may include quantitative comparative studies of a range of different static schedulers. This has, to our knowledge, not been done previously.
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Mirošničenko, Virginija. "Mastito sukėlėjų įtaka karvių pieno sudėčiai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140305_134432-11712.
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Mastitas yra viena iš brangiausių ir dažniausiai pasitaikančių pieno ūkių problemų, kuri aktuali visam pasauliui. Ekonominiai nuostoliai patiriami kiekvieną dieną, dėl pieno kieko sumažėjimo, pieno kokybės suprastėjimo, didelių gydymo kaštų, mastitu sergančių karvių išbrokavimo.
Pirmame etape buvo tiriamos „X“ pieninių galvijų bandos karvės; antrame etape - 8 Lietuvos pieninių galvijų ūkių karvės. Buvo nustatyti visų karvių mastito sukėlėjai ir išanalizuoti jų pieno sudėties ir somatinių ląstelių skaičiaus kontrolės duomenys.
Pirmame tyrimo etape įvertinus mastito sukėlėjų paplitimą tirtoje pieninių galvijų bandoje nustatyta, kad labiausiai paplitę buvo Streptococcus spp (22,22 proc.)
Antrame tyrimo etape tirtose Lietuvos pieninių galvijų bandose labiausiai paplitę mastito sukėlėjai - Streptococcus spp. - 23 proc.
Tirtoje karvių bandoje didžiausias somatinių ląstelių skaičius buvo pieno mėginių karvių, kurioms buvo nustatyta Streptococcus spp. (D grupė) sukėlėjas – 3430 ± 305 tūkst./ml. Mažiausias pieno riebumo vidurkis nustatytas Staphylococcus spp. su Escherichia coli 3,38 ± 0,08 proc. Mažiausias baltymingumo vidurkis Staphilococcus aureus 3,1 ± 0,01 proc. Ir mažiausias laktozės vidurkis Streptococcus spp.4,1 ± 0,2 proc. (p<0,05).
Tirtose Lietuvos pieninių galvijų bandose didžiausias SLS kiekis nustatytas piene karvių, kurių mėginiuose buvo Staphylococcus spp. su Enterococcus spp - jų vidutinis somatinių ląstelių skaičius buvo 3198 ± 255 tūkst./ml. Mažiausias pieno... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Bovine mastitis is the most prevalent and costly disease, affecting dairy farms worldwide. Economic losses associated with mastitis derive mainly from a decrease in milk production and to a lesser extent, from the culling of chronically infected cows, cost of veterinary treatment, and penalties on milk quality. The researches was carried out in 2011 – 2014 at State Laboratory “Pieno Tyrimai”, at the Department of Animal Breeding of the Veterinary Academy of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences and in dairy farm. At the first phase there was investigated „X“ dairy cows herd. And at the second phase there was investigated Lithuanian dairy cow’s herds. In both have been investigated cow’s mastitis pathogens and analyzed cow’s milk structure changes. The biggest part of the cows in tested cows herd was found to be infected with Streptococcus spp. (22.22 proc.) and in Lithuanian dairy cows herds - Streptococcus spp. (23 proc.). The most elevated somatic cells count was determined in tested dairy cows infected with Streptococcus spp. (D group) (3430 ± 305 thousands/ml.). The most decrease milk fats was determined to Staphylococcus spp. and E. coli (3.38 ± 0.08 proc.). The most decreased milk proteins to - S. aureus (3.1 ± 0.01 proc.). And most decreased milk lactose to - Streptococcus spp.4.1 ± 0.2 proc. (p<0.05). The most elevated somatic cells count was determined, in Lithuanian dairy cows herds, infected with Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. (3198 ± 255... [to full text]
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Rafieefar, Ali. "Development of a multiscale modeling environment for parameterization of ReaxFF using SCC-DFTB and its application to ZnO structures." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk kemi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-224229.
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Andrade, PatrÃcia Lopes. "Qualidade higiÃnico-sanitÃria e quimica do leite e avaliaÃÃo de impactos ambientais e sociais, apÃs a utilizaÃÃo do kit embrapa de ordenha manual para caprinos leiteiros." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9694.
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nÃo hÃA regiÃo nordeste do Brasil tem grande potencial para a produÃÃo de leite de cabra, e a qualidade do leite produzido à importante para garantir a oferta de um alimento seguro do ponto de vista nutricional e higiÃnico sanitÃrio aos consumidores. O leite de cabra tem alto valor nutricional e possui grande aceitaÃÃo, especialmente em comunidades carentes, uma vez que constitui importante fonte proteica de alta qualidade na dieta dessas pessoas. A distribuiÃÃo gratuita e diÃria do leite de cabra, por meio de programas governamentais, tem o objetivo de reduzir deficiÃncias nutricionais com prioridade para as crianÃas, as gestantes e as nutrizes. O Kit Embrapa de Ordenha Manual foi desenvolvido com o propÃsito de contribuir para a produÃÃo segura do leite, atravÃs de uma tecnologia de baixo custo, ao alcance dos produtores familiares, os quais sÃo responsÃveis por grande parte da produÃÃo de leite de cabra no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do Kit Embrapa de Ordenha Manual para caprinos leiteiros em propriedades de agricultura familiar, localizadas em trÃs regiÃes do nordeste Brasileiro. Durante o perÃodo de maio de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011, foram colhidas amostras de leite de cabra provenientes de rebanhos dos Estados do CearÃ, ParaÃba e Rio Grande do Norte para determinaÃÃo da composiÃÃo, contagem de cÃlulas somÃticas (CCS) e contagem bacteriana total (CTB). Avaliou-se tambÃm os impactos ambientais e sociais do Kit atravÃs do Sistema Ambitec-Agro. ApÃs a implantaÃÃo do Kit nas propriedades estudadas, observou-se uma diminuiÃÃo mÃdia de 72,1% da CTB e preservaÃÃo das caracterÃsticas de composiÃÃo do leite. A avaliaÃÃo do efeito da CCS sobre os componentes mostrou que houve um decrÃscimo da porcentagem de lactose do leite conforme aumentou a CCS. Dentre as amostras analisadas, 64% apresentavam contagens superiores a 1.000.000 CCS/mL, antes da adoÃÃo do Kit, o que evidenciou a necessidade da implantaÃÃo das Boas PrÃticas de ordenha nas propriedades avaliadas. A avaliaÃÃo de impacto social e ambiental foi positiva, apresentando valores mÃdios de 1,07 e 0,9 na avaliaÃÃo ex-post para os Ãndices de impacto Ambiental e Social, respectivamente, mostrando o potencial desta tecnologia como parte de um conjunto de atitudes capazes de melhorar a qualidade do leite de cabra produzido no Brasil, assim como proporcionar ganhos aos produtores.
The northeastern region of Brazil has great potential for the production of goat milk, and the quality of the milk produced is important to ensure consumers a safe food supply from the nutritional and hygienic-sanitary standpoint. Goat milk has high nutritional value and has a wide acceptance, especially in poor communities, since it is an important protein source in the diet of these people. The free and daily distribution of the goat milk, through government programs, aims to reduce nutritional deficiencies with priority given to children, pregnant women and nursing mothers. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Kit Embrapa de Ordenha Manual for dairy goats in family farming, located in three regions of northeastern Brazil. This effect was evaluated in samples of goat milk on the composition, somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC), and also the effect of SCC on the components, by correlation of the data. In parallel, we assessed the environmental and social impacts of the Kit through Sistema Ambitec-Agro. The Kit Embrapa de Ordenha Manual was developed with the purpose of safe milk production through a low-cost technology that is available to family farmers, who are responsible for much of the production of goat milk in Brazil. Its validation in properties of Paraiba, Rio Grande do Norte and Cearà brought positive results, as the average of TBC decreased 72% and the characteristics of milk composition were preserved. The evaluation of SCC effect on the milk components showed that there was a decrease in the percentage of lactose in milk as SCC increased. Among the samples analyzed, 64% had counts exceeding 1.000.000 CCS/mL. This highlights the need for the implementation of hygiene practices on the milking properties evaluated. The social and environmental impact was also positive, with average values of 1.07 and 0.9 in the ex post evaluation indexes for Environmental and Social Impact, respectively, showing the potential of this technology as part of a set of attitudes capable of improving the quality of goat milk produced in Brazil, as well as of providing gains to producers.
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Barreira, Ana Cristina Ramos. "Avaliação da qualidade do leite de ovelha na Beira Baixa com base em contagem de células somáticas." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/424.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Saúde Pública VeterináriaEste trabalho caracteriza o parâmetro Contagem de Células Somáticas(CCS) em leite de ovinos da área geográfica do queijo de Castelo Branco DOP (Fundão, Castelo Branco, Idanha-a-Nova, Vila Velha de Ródão, Covilhã e Belmonte). Foram seleccionadas 5 queijarias na zona-alvo que processam leite de ovino de explorações dos seis concelhos citados, às quais foi solicitada a colheita de amostras de leite do tanque da exploração. As amostras foram processadas pelo método fluoro-opto-electrónico FOSSOMATIC (Foss)250/360. As CCS obtidas foram registadas para posterior análise no software SPSS versão 15.0. Os resultados obtidos revelam uma média de CCS de 551,11xl03 células/ml, valor considerado satisfatório de acordo com o referencial dos E. U. A. (limite máximo CCS 1,0 xl06 células/ml) e de países da União Europeia como a França, a Itália e a Espanha (limite máximo CCS 0,5 a 1,0 x 106células/ml). Ao contrário de estudos anteriores, na nossa investigação não foi demonstrada uma associação entre o tamanho do rebanho e a CCS. Muito embora a média das CCS seja satisfatória queremos destacar a grande amplitude dos valores das CCS: de 15 a 5.762xl0(3) células/ml; o que reflecte um mosaico muito díspar do nível de educação sanitária dos produtores, dos objectivos das explorações/empresas, da qualidade das instalações e da sala de ordenha, do nível de biossegurança das explorações, e mais especificamente, de profilaxia e terapêutica das mastites. Esta constatação reforça a necessidade urgente de implementação de programas de Boas Práticas de Higiene a nível da exploração, aliados à monitorização do estado sanitário do úbere, tal como é proposto nos regulamentos comunitários respeitantes à higiene dos alimentos.
ABSTRACT: This work was conducted to characterize the parameter Somatic Cell Count (SCC) in Beira Baixa milk sheep at the geographic area of Castelo Branco Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) Cheese: counties of Fundão, Castelo Branco, Idanha-a-Nova, Vila Velha de Ródão,Covilhã and Belmonte. Five cheese making facilities were selected in the target area, accounting for all of the six districts mentioned earlier. Bulk tank milk samples were collected at the farm. The samples were processed by the fluor-opto-electronic method FOSSOMATIC (Foss) 250/360 and the SCC was recorded for subsequent analysis with SPSS version 15.0. The results point to a SCC áverage of 551,11x10(3) cells/ml, an acceptable value according to the U.S.A. standard (maximum CCS acceptable 1,0x10(6) cells/ml) and European Union member countries such as France, Italy and Spain (maximum CCS acceptable0,5 to 1,0x10(6) cells/ml). Unlike other published studies, an association between herd size and SCC was not found. Although the average SCC is satisfactory, a broad spectrum of values was recorded: 15 to 5.762x10(3)cells/ml; which reflects a concerning heterogeneity of the farmers' animal health education, of the farm/enterprise goals, of the premises and milking parlor quality, of the biosecurity level of the farms, and in particular, of the mastitis treatment protocols and prophylaxis programs. This remark enforces the urgent need to implement Hygienic Good Practicing at farm level, along with monitoring routines of the mammary gland health status, as it is proposed by the communitarian regulations on food hygiene.
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Nunes, Sandra da Conceição Barbosa. "Performance-based design of self-compacting concrete (SCC) : a contribution to enchance SCC mixtures robustness." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/58989.
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Nunes, Sandra da Conceição Barbosa. "Performance-based design of self-compacting concrete (SCC) : a contribution to enchance SCC mixtures robustness." Tese, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/58989.
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Chan, Wei-Chung, and 陳威証. "Cyclic Flexural Behavior of B.O.F SCC Column." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06756751156941757823.
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許睿欽. "Feasibility Study of SCC Containing PP Fibers." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28375445677286694874.
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XIAO, QING-KAI, and 蕭清開. "The bulk-tank somatic cell count (scc) of TaiWan dairy herds and the effect of milking defects on herds with high scc." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29723194635367344450.
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