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1
Bamigboye, Gideon O., David O. Olukanni, Adeola A. Adedeji, and Kayode J. Jolayemi. "Experimental Study on the Workability of Self-Compacting Granite and Unwashed Gravel Concrete." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 31 (July 2017): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.31.69.
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This study deals mainly with the mix proportions using granite and unwashed gravel as coarse aggregate for self-compacting concrete (SCC) and its workability, by considering the water absorption of unwashed gravel aggregate. Mix proportions for SCC were designed with constant cement and fine aggregate while coarse aggregates content of granite-unwashed gravel combination were varied in the proportion 100%, 90%/10%, 80%/20%, 70%/30%, 60%/40%, 50% /50%, represented by SCC1, SCC2, SCC3, SCC4, SCC5 and SCC6. 100% granite (SCC1) serves as the control. The workability of the samples was quantitatively evaluated by slump flow, T500, L-box, V- funnel and sieve segregation tests. Based on the experimental results, a detailed analysis was conducted. It was found that granite and unwashed gravel with SCC1, SCC2 and SCC3 according to EFNARC (2002) standard have good deformability, fluidity and filling ability, which all passed consistency test. SCC1, SCC2 and SCC3 have good passing ability while all mixes were in the limit prescribed by EFNARC (2002). It can be concluded that the mix design for varying granite-unwashed gravel combination for SCC presented in this study satisfy various requirements for workability hence, this can be adopted for practical concrete structures.
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N, Sharankumar. "Flexural Behaviour of SCC Beams Incorporating Industrial Wastes." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 464–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53697.
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Abstract: Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a concrete form developed in Japan. Because of its novelty, this form of concrete differs from traditional concrete. Compaction is required for conventional concrete, but not for SCC which is utilized in substantially reinforced constructions where it is challenging to compact concrete. Industrial wastes such as Fly Ash (FA) and Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) [which contaminate the environment] are used as partial replacements for cement, and, Granite Powder (GP) and Eco Sand (EC) are used as partial replacements for M-sand. The optimum mix proportions of casted beams obtained by Taguchi method are SCC1 (FA30%), SCC2 (FA25%+CKD5%), SCC3 (FA30%+GP20%), SCC4 (FA25%+CKD5%+GP20%), SCC5 (FA30%+EC10%), and SCC6 (FA25%+CKD5%+EC10%). For each composition, the flexural behavior of SCC beams is experimentally investigated. Experimental work is verified by FEM analysis using the ABAQUS software. When the outcomes from the experimental and numerical analysis are compared, it is evident that SCC6 outperformed other mixes in terms of flexure
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Doppalapudi, Arun Teja, Abul Kalam Azad, and Mohammad Masud Kamal Khan. "Analysis of Improved In-Cylinder Combustion Characteristics with Chamber Modifications of the Diesel Engine." Energies 16, no. 6 (March 9, 2023): 2586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062586.
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This study numerically analyses the effects of chamber modifications to investigate the improvement of in-cylinder combustion characteristics of the diesel engine using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Five different modified chambers, namely, the double swirl combustion chamber (DSCC), bathtub combustion chamber (BTCC), double toroidal re-entrant combustion chamber (DTRCC), shallow depth combustion chamber (SCC), and stepped bowl combustion chamber (SBCC) were developed and compared with a reference flat combustion chamber (FCC). The effects of chamber modifications on temperature formation, velocity distribution, injection profiles, and in-cylinder turbulent motions (swirl and tumble ratio) were investigated. During the compression stroke, near top dead centre, the SCC showed a peak temperature of 970 K, followed by the FCC (968 K), SBCC (967 K), and DTRCC (748 K to 815 K). The DSCC and the SCC showed a high swirl ratio above 0.6, whereas the DTRCC and the BTCC showed a high tumble ratio of approximately 0.4. This study found that the SCC, BTCC, and DSCC have better combustion rates than the FCC in terms of temperature, heat release rate, and velocity distribution. However, the DTRCC showed poor temperature formation rates and rapid heat release rates (approx. 150 J/°CA), which can lead to rapid combustion and knocking tendencies. In conclusion, the DSCC and the SCC showed better combustion rates than the other chambers. In addition, turbulent motions inside the chambers avoided combustion in crevice regions. This study recommends avoiding chambers with wider bowls in order to prevent uneven combustion across the cylinder. Furthermore, split bowls such as the DSCC, along with adjusted injection rates, can provide better results in terms of combustion.
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Sui, Rong Juan, Song Ying Chen, Cheng Zhou, Hai Bin Liu, and Yan Hui Chu. "Correlation Degree Analysis on Temperature and Operating Pressure to Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility." Advanced Materials Research 941-944 (June 2014): 1492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.941-944.1492.
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Temperature and operating pressure are important to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of stainless steel. The SCC susceptibility of 18-8 type austenitic stainless steel, 06Cr18Ni11Ti (S32168), in an environment containing hydrogen chloride was assessed using the slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test under different temperature and operating pressure. Results of the SSRT test indicated that the impact of operating pressure on the SCC susceptibility was different at different temperatures. The correlation degrees of temperature and operating pressure to SCC susceptibility were calculated using the grey relational theory. The correlation degree of temperature to the SCC susceptibility was greater than that of operating pressure to the SCC susceptibility.
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Huzni, Syifaul, M. Ridha, and Ahmad Kamal Ariffin. "Stress Distribution Analysis on Four Types of Stress Corrosion Cracking Specimen." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.194.
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Stress distribution analysis on four types of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) specimen is presented in this paper. This work was performed using commercial finite element based software, ANSYS. Two types of mesh arrangements, fixed mesh with different mesh size and adaptive mesh, were employed in this work to study the effect of mesh size on stress distribution of SCC specimen. Four types of SCC specimen were studied in this work, i.e. C-ring specimen, tensile test specimen, pre-crack cantilever beam specimen and U-bend specimen. Simulation result shows that stress distribution on the SCC specimen much affected by mesh size and arrangement, especially for specimen with notch. By performing the stress analysis, less effort needed in order to determine the location of corrosion potential measurement on the SCC specimen. This will be very helpful for future work of SCC study.
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Dong, Liang, Chaoyuan Ge, Zhengwei Xu, Dongqi Wang, Honghui Sun, and Dingjun Hao. "Kinematic MRI Analysis of Reducible Atlantoaxial Dislocation for Decompression." BioMed Research International 2020 (December 15, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5395071.
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Background. Many doctors ignored the possibility that there is still a spinal cord compression (SCC) need for decompression after atlantoaxial reduction. Reduction can be achieved on kinematic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); thus, we want to analyze the role of kinematic MRI in reducible atlantoaxial dislocation and make a preoperative decision whether to perform decompression. Methods. 36 patients with atlantoaxial reduction on preoperative kinematic MRI in extension postures were enrolled retrospectively. Grouping was based on the condition of SCC after atlantoaxial reduction preoperatively. Group A: patients with SCC after atlantoaxial reduction on dynamic cervical MRI were treated with C1 laminectomy for decompression and atlantoaxial fixation. Group B: patients with no significant SCC, according to dynamic MRI, underwent only atlantoaxial fixation. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using JOA score for spinal cord function. Radiological outcomes were assessed by measuring spinal cord diameter on MRI. Results. The mean follow-up time was 17.1 months. Postoperative JOA score and percentage of SCC in both groups were significantly better than its preoperative score. There were no significant statistical differences in the JOA score at 12 months after surgery and the JOA improvement rate between two groups. All patients in the two groups had a lower percentage of SCC on preoperative extension MRI, compared with neutral MRI. No significant statistical differences in the spinal decompression improvement rate were observed between the two groups. Conclusions. Decompression should be performed in patients who still have significant SCC on preoperative kinematic MRI. Kinematic MRI could be used to assess SCC and decide whether to perform decompression preoperatively.
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Do, WangLok, Farzin Asadi, and Kei Eguchi. "A New Analysis Way of Three-Phase Switched Capacitor Converter." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 08 (July 2019): 1950138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661950138x.
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The paper presents the theoretical analysis way of the switched capacitor converter (SCC). The main goal of this research is to suggest the analysis way of three-phase SCC. A common SCC operates by two phases; charging phase and discharging phase. Therefore, state-space averaging model or slow and fast switching limit (S-FSL) model has been suitable. Although the four-terminal equivalent model can cover all situation including three-phases cases, this model does not include the parameter of frequency and capacitance. Therefore, the four-terminal model has a weakness. In this situation, we selected the Fibonacci sequence SCC operated by three-phase as the target circuit, which topology has been proved to have higher efficiency, small size in the previous research. In the paper, we suggest the new analysis way of the three-phase SCC by combination of the four-terminal equivalent model and RC circuit model from each loop equation of the equivalent circuits of the SCC. By using the suggested way, it is possible to analyze the three-phase SCC, deriving the effect of the load, operation frequency and duty ratio variation. In order to verify the feasibility and the cogency of the suggested analysis way, comparative analysis is implemented by SPICE simulations. The error in the load regulation between the suggested way and the simulation result is negligible. Through this result, we establish the foundation of the analysis of the three-phase SCC.
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Bang, Seongsik, Hwangkyu Son, Hyebin Cha, Kihyuk Song, Hosub Park, Hyunsung Kim, Joo Yeon Ko, Jaekyung Myung, and Seungsam Paik. "Immunohistochemical Analysis of Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein 2 in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers." Biomedicines 11, no. 7 (June 25, 2023): 1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071818.
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Single-stranded DNA binding protein 2 (SSBP2) is a tumor suppressor candidate. In this study, the expression level and clinicopathological significance of SSBP2 in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were evaluated. We also identified biological pathways associated with a set of genes potentially related to SSBP2. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 70 SCC and 146 BCC cases to assess SSBP2 expression semi-quantitatively. In addition, the associations between SSBP2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed using publicly available data and web-based bioinformatics tools. Compared with BCC, SCC had a significantly low SSBP2 expression (p < 0.001). In total, 12 (17.1%) of the 70 SCC cases and 30 (20.5%) of the 146 BCC cases showed low SSBP2 expression. Among SCC cases, ulceration (p = 0.005) and a deep level of invasion (p = 0.012) showed an association with low SSBP2 expression. Local recurrence was slightly more common in the SCC subgroup with low SSBP2 expression, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.058). Using GO enrichment analysis, we identified several biological functions performed by a set of 36 genes in SCC. SSBP2 evaluation using IHC can be helpful in the differential diagnosis of SCC and BCC. SSBP2 expression was associated with tumor invasiveness in SCC.
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Tripathi, Veeresh, Kartikeya Singh, Shwetank Parihar, and Saurabh Kumar Srivastava. "A Bibliometric Analysis on Supply Chain Collaboration." Purushartha - A Journal of Management Ethics and Spirituality 15, no. 02 (June 25, 2022): 66–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21844/16202115205.
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Supply Chain Collaboration (SCC) has been a topic of great interest among the supply chain researchers for decades now. Collaboration among channel-partners is imperative for successful supply chain management and may be the most critical core competency for enhancing the supply chain performance. This paper examines the various SCC frameworks and their development through a bibliometric analysis of the SCC literature published under the Web of Science (WoS) database in the last twenty years from 2003 to 2022 (including early access for January, 2022) comprising of 4249 research articles. The analysis and graphical visualization of the bibliometric data is presented using measures of descriptive statistics and visualization tools identifying the linkages between the published literature. This study analyses the distribution of the publications based on the research author analysis, most cited publications analysis, publication source analysis, country-wise literature analysis and the keywords co-occurrence analysis. The study also examines the most cited researches on SCC in last two decades and attempts to collate the major developments in the SCC knowledgebase. This research corroborates the enormity of the research conducted in the past and accentuates the ever-growing significance of collaboration in the supply chains for future researchers and businesses worldwide. On an average more than two hundred articles are published every year on SCC and the time-series forecasts reaffirm its progressiveness and relevance as a research domain more than ever engaging researchers and business organisation across the globe. The systematically collated data of top twenty most cited articles, authors, journals, keyword and countries involved in SCC research has been prepared which will provide a source of practical reference for the early supply chain researchers and professionals globally.
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Wang, Chao, Roderick Bloem, Gary D. Hachtel, Kavita Ravi, and Fabio Somenzi. "Compositional SCC Analysis for Language Emptiness." Formal Methods in System Design 28, no. 1 (January 2006): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10703-006-4617-3.
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Choe, Byung Hak, Sang Woo Lee, Jong Kee Ahn, and Jinhee Lee. "Analysis of Stress Corrosion Cracking Propagation of SS304 Stainless Steel Using Crack Shape and Etch Pits." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 58, no. 9 (September 5, 2020): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2020.58.9.583.
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Austenitic stainless steel SS304 is vulnerable to Cl atmosphere SCC (stress corrosion crack). In this study, SCC phenomena related to stress and corrosion composition were analyzed to identify the mechanism for SCC initiation and propagation in SS304. The microstructure and mechanical properties resulting from crack propagation were analyzed by OM, SEM/EDS and micro Vickers hardness tests. The abnormal phase transformation induced by the SCC was analyzed by TEM and diffraction. As a result of these analyses, the shape of SCC was observed to form a branched type crack, which was related to etch pit patterns on the etched surface due to the austenitic fcc (face centered cubic) lattice slip. In addition, the high concentration accumulation of Cl and S components at the SCC site, observed by SEM/EDS, indicated that the SCC was affected by the corrosive atmosphere. The SCC crack propagation was accompanied by hardening, which is believed to be associated with the mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement. High resolution TEM analysis found abnormal satellite diffraction points in the SCC high hardness region. This means that a superlattice phase with high hardness values is formed near the SCC region. And the HIC (hydrogen induced crack) effect, a kind of hydrogen embrittlement, was also influenced by the hardened superlattice phase. It is assumed that the SCC and HIC are similar phenomena produced in the same stress and corrosive atmosphere by superlattice phase transformation.
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Lobo, Brian C., Brian D'Anza, Janice L. Farlow, Dennis Tang, Troy D. Woodard, Jonathan Y. Ting, and Raj Sindwani. "Outcomes of Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with and without Association of Inverted Papilloma: A Multi-Institutional Analysis." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 31, no. 5 (September 2017): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2017.31.4470.
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Introduction Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for <1% of all malignancies but represents 70% of sinonasal cancer. Up to 10% of SCCs are associated with inverted papilloma (IPSCC). Studies that compare patients, treatment, and outcomes of SCC and IPSCC are absent in the literature. Methods A retrospective review of patients with SCC and those with IPSCC at Cleveland Clinic and Indiana University from 1995 to 2015. The records were analyzed for demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. Results The study comprised 117 patients with SCC, of whom, 29 had IPSCC. The mean age at diagnosis was similar: 63 and 64 years for patients with SCC and patients with IPSCC, respectively; with female patients representing 36% and 34%, respectively (p > 0.99). Smokers represented 64% of the patients with SCC and 55% of patients with IPSCC (p = 0.3); excessive alcohol intake was noted in 16% of the patients with SCC and 21% of the patients with IPSCC (p = 0.56). The maxillary sinus was most commonly involved, followed by the nasal cavity (51% versus 35% SCC, 45% versus 38% IPSCC). Frontal ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses contained primary tumors only in patients with SCC. Upfront treatment was surgery in 84% of patients with SCC and 97% of patients with IPSCC (p = 0.18); 68 and 55% received radiation, respectively, and 25 and 21% received chemotherapy, respectively. Overall survival averaged 5.5 and 3.4 years for patients with SCC and patients with IPSCC, respectively (p = 0.12); disease-free survival was 4.8 and 2.9 years, respectively (p = 0.18). Nodal metastasis was more likely in patients with SCC (18 versus 0%; p = 0.02). When divided into high- and low-stage disease: more common nodal metastases were demonstrated in high-stage SCC than in low-stage disease (p = 0.03). Overall survival was decreased between high- and low-grade disease but not when subdivided between SCC and IPSCC. Conclusion Although SCC with and without IP association are considered different diseases, their demographics and outcomes seem similar. Nodal metastasis was noted to be higher in the SCC cohort, which may indicate different tumor biology. Further study is warranted.
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Liu, Zhenhua, and Hongtai Shi. "Prognostic Role of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen in Cervical Cancer: A Meta-analysis." Disease Markers 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6710352.
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Objective. To systematically evaluate the significance of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) in the prognosis of cervical cancer. Methods. Literature from Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library was retrieved to collect all English literature on the correlation between SCC-Ag and cervical cancer prognosis, and the quality of literature collected was assessed based on evaluation criteria. The heterogeneity, sensitivity, and specificity were detected using the StataSE12.0 software, and the correlation between SCC-Ag and cervical cancer prognosis as the effect variables was assessed using the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Moreover, the forest map and funnel plot were drawn. Results. A total of 17 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. The high expression of SCC-Ag was significantly correlated with the poor prognosis of cervical cancer (HR=2.22, 95% CI=1.38−3.57, P=0.002). The disease-free survival (DFS) was higher in low SCC-Ag expression patients than in high SCC-Ag expression patients (HR=2.17, 95% CI=1.84−2.57, P<0.001). The progression-free survival (PFS) was inferior in patients with a high SCC-Ag expression (HR=2.70, 95% CI=1.11−6.53, P=0.028). Conclusion. SCC-Ag is an important prognostic factor for cervical cancer, and its high expression is significantly correlated with a poor prognosis of the disease.
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Ding, Xinxin, Mingshuang Zhao, Xue Qiu, Yupu Wang, and Yijie Ru. "The Optimization of Mix Proportion Design for SCC: Experimental Study and Grey Relational Analysis." Materials 15, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041305.
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The optimization of mix proportions based on the targeted fresh and hardened performances of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a foundation for its transition from laboratory research to industrial production. In this paper, the mix proportions of various SCC mixtures were designed by the absolute volume method with changes in the content of river sand and manufactured sand, the content of fly ash and granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBS) and the maximum particle sizes of coarse aggregates. This experimental study was carried out to verify the workability, density and cubic compressive strength of SCC. The results show that SCC demonstrated good performance with appropriate mix proportions of manufactured sand and river sand. A hybrid effect of fly ash and GGBS appeared on the fresh performance of SCC with a constant strength, and the coarse aggregate with a smaller maximum particle size was beneficial to the workability but detrimental to the compressive strength of SCC. Finally, the optimization of the mix proportion of SCC was evaluated by grey relational analysis, in which the weight of the indicators was determined by the entropy method to improve the evaluation credibility. As a result, the optimal mix proportions of SCC were selected.
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Zhang, Jiayi, Hengcheng Zhang, Yanyan Xiu, Hong Cheng, Min Gu, and Ninghong Song. "Prognostic Significance of P16INK4a Expression in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis." BioMed Research International 2018 (July 19, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8345893.
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Background. Recently, P16INK4a expression has been shown to be correlated with cancer-specific survival (CSS) in penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to clarify the prognostic value of P16INK4a for penile SCC. Methods. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify all relevant articles up to May 25, 2017. Hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of included studies were pooled to estimate the prognostic value. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to assess the quantity and strength of survival evidence. Results. Five retrospective studies consisting of 323 cases were finally included. We found that P16INK4a positive expression was significantly associated with a better CSS of penile SCC (HR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.30-0.67, P<0.001). No heterogeneity or publication bias was noted among the included studies. Furthermore, TSA demonstrated that the findings were based on sufficient evidence. Conclusions. P16INK4a positive expression is independently associated with improved CSS for patients with penile SCC.
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Narvaez, D., J. Kanitakis, S. Euvrard, D. Schmitt, M. Faure, and A. Claudy. "Comparative nuclear morphometric analysis of aggressive and non-aggressive squamous cell carcinomas of the skin." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 77, no. 2 (March 1, 1997): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555577115117.
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Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are the most frequent tumours complicating organ transplantation. Whereas most SCC can be successfully treated with conventional surgery, other lesions show an aggressive course with recurrence and metastases. We assessed the value of nuclear morphometry in detecting tumours with an ab initio potential for aggressive course. Nuclear perimeter, area, feret X and feret Y were calculated semi-automatically on an image analyzer on histological sections of 15 non-aggressive, 15 aggressive and 6 recurrent SCC developed in seven organ graft recipients. We found statistically significant differences for all the parameters studied between recurrent and initially aggressive SCC, and, to a lesser extent, between non-aggressive and aggressive SCC. These results suggest that some SCC have ab initio a potential for more aggressive evolution
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Lewis, N., D. J. Perry, and M. L. Bunch. "AEM analysis of stress corrosion cracks." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 550–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100139123.
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Cross-sectional analytical electron microscopy (AEM) was used to study stress corrosion cracking (SCC) cracks in pressurized water in an attempt to understand the mechanism of cracking. AEM is particularly well suited to study the crack tip, the crack sides and the corrosion product inside the crack. These analyses provide clues about the stress (i.e., plasticity), the environment (corrosion product) and material (precipitates/grain boundary composition) which are the key factors controlling SCC. In mis investigation SCC cracks were filled with epoxy, dimpled and ion-milled in argon until electron transparent. A cross-section of an SCC crack in Alloy 600 generated in deaerated water is shown in Figure 1. The crack is intergranular and generally propagates down grain boundaries without carbides as shown in Figure 1. The crack seen in Figure 2 is an exception and propagated down a grain boundary containing Cr7C3 carbides. Although dislocations are clearly observed in bom figures, no deformation is observed uniquely associated with the cracks and no voids have been observed ahead of the cracks.
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Ogita, Mami, Makoto Kubo, and Hiraku Kumamaru. "Prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast by biological subtypes and the efficacy of radiotherapy: The Japanese Breast Cancer Registry analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.561.
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561 Background: Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is a rare disease, accounting for about 0.1% of all breast cancers. We aimed to determine the clinical features and prognosis of breast SCC, and the effect of radiotherapy by biological subtypes using the Japanese Breast Cancer Registry. Methods: We conducted a matched-pair analysis of 350,977 breast cancer patients with SCC or invasive ductal cancer (IDC) in the Japanese Breast Cancer Registry between 2004 and 2014. Inclusion criteria were female breast cancer patients who underwent surgery with stage I–III diseases, SCC or IDC, and age ≥ 18. Patients who received preoperative radiotherapy were excluded. We performed 1:1 SCC-IDC exact matching analysis by predominant subtypes in SCC: ER(-) and PgR(-)/HER2(-) or ER(+) and/or PgR(+)/HER2(-). Overall survival (OS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and first locoregional or distant metastasis recurrence incidence were compared between IDC and SCC by Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank test. In-field area recurrence was compared between those who received radiotherapy and those who did not. Results: We included 452 SCC and 182,707 IDC patients for the analysis. SCC patients were more likely to present with advanced stage disease compared to those with IDC. Among SCC patients, 59% was ER(-)/PgR(-)/HER2(-), 19% was ER(+)/PgR(+)/HER2(-), 8% was ER(-)/PgR(-)/HER2(+), 2% was ER(+)/PgR(+)/HER2(+), and 12% was data missing. Ten-year OS, BCS, and RFS rates were 70%, 80%, and 66% in SCC, and 88%, 93%, and 81% in IDC, respectively, and SCC carried a significantly worse prognosis than IDC (all P < 0.001). For exact-matched analysis, 10-year BCS of ER(-)/PgR(-)/HER2(-) SCC patients was significantly worse than IDC (P = 0.02), whereas there were no significant differences between SCC and IDC of ER(+)/PgR(+)/HER2(-) patients in OS, BCS, and RFS. Among patients who received radiotherapy, no difference was found in in-field area recurrence between SCC and IDC in either ER(-)/PgR(-)/HER2(-) or ER(+)/PgR(+)/HER2(-) subtype. Conclusions: SCC of the breast was often diagnosed in an advanced stage and had a worse prognosis than IDC. More than half of them were triple-negative subtype. In the triple-negative subtype, SCC was an independent poor prognostic factor. No significant differences in in-field area recurrence after radiotherapy between SCC and IDC suggested that the effect of radiotherapy on local control for SCC was similar to IDC.
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Kim, Youngwook, Peter S. Hammerman, Jaegil Kim, Ji-ae Yoon, Yoomi Lee, Jong-Mu Sun, Matthew D. Wilkerson, et al. "Integrative and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinomas in East Asian Patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 2 (January 10, 2014): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.50.8556.
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Purpose Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most prevalent type of lung cancer. Currently, no targeted therapeutics are approved for treatment of this cancer, largely because of a lack of systematic understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. To identify therapeutic targets and perform comparative analyses of lung SCC, we probed somatic genome alterations of lung SCC by using samples from Korean patients. Patients and Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing of DNA from 104 lung SCC samples from Korean patients and matched normal DNA. In addition, copy-number analysis and transcriptome analysis were conducted for a subset of these samples. Clinical association with cancer-specific somatic alterations was investigated. Results This cancer cohort is characterized by a high mutational burden with an average of 261 somatic exonic mutations per tumor and a mutational spectrum showing a signature of exposure to cigarette smoke. Seven genes demonstrated statistical enrichment for mutation: TP53, RB1, PTEN, NFE2L2, KEAP1, MLL2, and PIK3CA). Comparative analysis between Korean and North American lung SCC samples demonstrated a similar spectrum of alterations in these two populations in contrast to the differences seen in lung adenocarcinoma. We also uncovered recurrent occurrence of therapeutically actionable FGFR3-TACC3 fusion in lung SCC. Conclusion These findings provide new steps toward the identification of genomic target candidates for precision medicine in lung SCC, a disease with significant unmet medical needs.
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Jain, Sumit, Yan Li, Edward C. Kuan, Bobby A. Tajudeen, and Pete S. Batra. "Prognostic Factors in Paranasal Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma: A SEER Database Analysis." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 80, no. 03 (August 24, 2018): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669420.
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Background Outcome studies on sinonasal malignancy are limited to retrospective case series, often with inclusion of diverse histology and short follow-up. The objective of this study was to identify key predictive variables that independently impact survival for paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) and to compare these variables in the context of these two distinct clinicopathologic entities. Methods: Analysis was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1973 to 2012 to identify key variables that impact survival for SCC and AC. Results A total of 3,714 cases were included. There were 2,895 SCC cases and 819 AC cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 64.1 years. The male to female ratio for SCC and AC was 1.85 and 1.04, respectively. Patients with SCC and AC were most often diagnosed with stage IV disease in 61.8 and 63.4% of cases, respectively. The majority of patients received combined surgery and radiation (52% for SCC and 43.1% for AC). For SCC, increased age (p < 0.001) and stage (p < 0.001) were negative predictors, and surgery improved survival (p < 0.001) on multivariate analysis. For AC, prognostic factors associated with worse survival include increased age (p < 0.001) and grade (p < 0.001) on multivariate analysis. Overall survival was significantly higher in AC compared with SCC at 5 years (p = 0.001). Conclusion SCC and AC of the paranasal sinuses are both aggressive malignancies with poor survival. For both histological subtypes, increased age predicts worse survival and grade also closely links to survival in AC. These data have important potential implications for treatment planning and pretreatment counseling.
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Cazacu, Nicolae, Aurelia Bradu, and Nicolae Florea. "Self Compacting Concrete Structures: A Techno-Economic Analysis." Advanced Engineering Forum 21 (March 2017): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.21.624.
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The concept of self-compacting concrete (SCC) was performed in late 1980 by Japanese researchers as a solution for the lack of skilled workers and decreasing quality in building industry. The high fluidity of SCC allows flowing under its own weight, filling completely the formwork without any vibration or material segregation, providing a higher quality of the concrete surface. Since its discovery, a large number of researcher studied its rheological properties, adjusted mix design methods and analysed mechanical characteristics. The placement method for conventionally concrete is no more valid for SCC, as mixture behaviour changed substantially. This aspect was less examined and the published material is inconsistent, even though it plays an essential role in the assessment of the global cost of a building. The aim of this study is to investigate materials cost, the labour requirements, formwork demands, methods of placement and construction time for building a structure using SCC and vibrated concrete and compare the results.
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Verrollot, Jordan, Arto Tolonen, Janne Harkonen, and Harri Haapasalo. "Supply capability creation process: Key milestone criteria and activities." Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 10, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2375.
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Purpose: The article focuses on supply capability creation (SCC) within the new product development (NPD). The purpose is to establish an SCC process describing the main SCC activities and milestone criteria in preparing the supply process for new productsDesign/methodology/approach: The article analyses the earlier research, carries out current state analysis of six case companies regarding the SCC areas, and proposes a SCC process.Findings: The developed SCC process aims at preparing the operational supply capability for a developed new product based on the preferred, qualified and contracted suppliers and materials along the NPD process, and ultimately at the product ramp-up.Originality/value: This paper introduces a SCC process that has not been presented earlier in the literature, highlighting the important role of the SCC for successful product ramp-ups.
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Wang, Yan-Jun, Xiao-Quan Xu, Hao Hu, Guo-Yi Su, Jie Shen, Hai-Bin Shi, and Fei-Yun Wu. "Histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient maps for the differentiation between lymphoma and metastatic lymph nodes of squamous cell carcinoma in head and neck region." Acta Radiologica 59, no. 6 (September 4, 2017): 672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185117730688.
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Background To clarify the nature of cervical malignant lymphadenopathy is highly important for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of head and neck tumors. Purpose To investigate the role of first-order apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis for differentiating lymphoma from metastatic lymph nodes of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the head and neck region. Material and Methods Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data of 67 patients (lymphoma, n = 20; SCC, n = 47) with malignant lymphadenopathy were retrospectively analyzed. The SCC group was divided into nasopharyngeal SCC and non-nasopharyngeal SCC groups. The ADC histogram features (ADC10, ADC25, ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADC75, ADC90, skewness, and kurtosis) were derived and then compared by independent-samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance test, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were employed to investigate diagnostic performance of the significant parameters. Results Lymphoma showed significantly lower ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADC75, and ADC90 than SCC (all P < 0.05). Setting ADC90 = 0.719 × 10–3 mm2/s as the threshold value, optimal diagnostic performance was achieved (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.719, sensitivity = 95.7%, specificity = 50.0%). Subgroup analyses showed no significant difference between lymphoma and NPC (all P > 0.05). Lymphoma showed significantly lower ADC25, ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADC75, and ADC90 than non-nasopharyngeal SCC (all P < 0.05). Optimal diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.847, sensitivity = 86.7%, specificity = 80.0%) could be achieved when setting ADC90 = 0.943 × 10–3 mm2/s as the threshold value. Conclusion Given its limitations, our study has shown that first-order ADC histogram analysis is capable of differentiating lymphoma from metastatic lymph nodes of SCC, especially those of non-nasopharyngeal SCC.
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Wang, Jingrong, Faxiang Xie, Chuanlong Zhang, and Jing Ruan. "Experimental Study and Failure Criterion Analysis on Combined Compression-Shear Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete." Materials 13, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030713.
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To investigate the combined compression-shear performance of self-compacting concrete (SCC), eight groups of concrete specimens under different axial compression ratios were designed, and the composite performance under different axial stresses was carried out by hydraulic servo machine. The uniaxial and tensile splitting strength of SCC were also included in the study. The failure modes of SCC were presented, discussed, and compared with normal concrete (NC). The characteristic points of stress-strain curves of SCC specimens from the experiments were extracted and analyzed under different axial compression stress. Based on the experimental results, the shear strength of compression-shear load was divided into cohesive stress and residual friction stress. The variation of residual stress and cohesive stress under the combined compression-shear stress was analyzed, and the relationship was obtained by numerical regression. Research results indicated that the residual stress increases linearly with the compression stress while the cohesive stress increased at first and then decreased. The research found that the friction coefficient of SCC was much smaller than NC due to the lack of interlocking effect. Utilizing the compression-shear strength of SCC, the material failure criteria of SCC were proposed from the view of shear failure strength and octahedral stress space, which could fit the experimental results confidently following the mathematical regression analysis. The comparison with data from other literature shows favorable consistence with the obtained criteria. The results of the study could be beneficial complement in engineering practices where SCC was applicable.
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Kurtulmaz, Sevgi Y., Haldun Ş. Erkal, Meltem Serin, Atilla H. Elhan, and Ahmet Çakmak. "Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck: descriptive analysis of 1293 cases." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 111, no. 6 (June 1997): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100137843.
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AbstractMedical reports of 1293 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were classified according to their age, sex, primary tumour localization and tumoral stage. There were 1181 males (91.3 per cent) and 112 females (8.7 per cent), with a male to female ratio of 10.5:1. The peak incidences for all primary tumour localizations were observed in the fifth decade. Most common primary tumour localizations were the larynx (71.1 per cent), the nasopharynx (10.1 per cent) and the oral cavity (8.8 per cent). Of all patients in whom staging was complete, 43.1 per cent presented at early and 56.9 per cent at advanced stages. The proportion of patients presenting with metastatic neck nodes was 34.4 per cent and the incidence of metastatic neck nodes increased with increasing T stage. The supraglottic region was the most common primary site among all laryngeal SCC, with a supraglottic to glottic SCC ratio of 1.5:1. Glottic SCC presented at earlier stages compared to supraglottic SCC. The incidence of nodal metastases increased with increasing T stage for SCC of the larynx, the oral cavity and the oropharynx.
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Quej-Ake, Luis Manuel, Jesús Noé Rivera-Olvera, Yureel del Rosario Domínguez-Aguilar, Itzel Ariadna Avelino-Jiménez, Vicente Garibay-Febles, and Icoquih Zapata-Peñasco. "Analysis of the Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Electrochemical Parameters and Their Impact on the Internal and External SCC of Carbon Steel Pipelines." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 5771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245771.
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The review presented herein is regarding the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) phenomena of carbon steel pipelines affected by the corrosive electrolytes that comes from external (E) and internal (I) environments, as well as the susceptibility and tensile stress on the SCC. Some useful tools are presented including essential aspects for determining and describing the E-SCC and I-SCC in oil and gas pipelines. Therefore, this study aims to present a comprehensive and critical review of a brief experimental summary, and a comparison of physicochemical, mechanical, and electrochemical data affecting external and internal SCC in carbon steel pipelines exposed to corrosive media have been conducted. The SCC, hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), hydrogen embrittlement, and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) are attributed to the pH, and to hydrogen becoming more corrosive by combining external and internal sources promoting cracking, such as sulfide compounds, acidic soils, acidic atmospheric compounds, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, organic acids (acetic acid, mainly), bacteria induced corrosion, cathodic polarization, among others. SCC growth is a reaction between the microstructural, chemical, and mechanical effects and it depends on the external and internal environmental sources promoting unpredictable cracks and fractures. In some cases, E-SCC could be initiated by hydrogen that comes from the over-voltage during the cathodic protection processes. I-SCC could be activated by over-operating pressure and temperature at flowing media during the production, gathering, storage and transportation of wet hydrocarbons through pipelines. The mechanical properties related to I-SCC were higher in comparison with those reviewed by E-SCC, suggesting that pipelines suffer more susceptibility to I-SCC. When a pipeline is designed, the internal fluid being transported (changes of environments) and the external environment concerning SCC should be considered. This review offers a good starting point for newcomers into the field, it is written as a tutorial, and covers a large number of basic standards in the area.
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Faizal, Elka, Yuniarto Agus Winoko, Mohammad Sukri Mustapa, and Muhammad Kozin. "Solar Charger Controller Efficiency Analysis of Type Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)." Asian Journal Science and Engineering 1, no. 2 (January 27, 2023): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51278/ajse.v1i2.546.
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Solar radiation at any time can be different due to various things such as blocking of sunlight due to clouds, the intensity of the sun from sunrise to sunset, cloudiness in the rainy season, and the presence of fog in certain areas which causes different levels of solar energy. radiation that causes the output power of solar cells to vary. and not optimal. For that we need a control device that can stabilize the energy output from solar cells called Solar Charge Controller (SCC). This research was conducted to determine the value of the output power, voltage, and current of SCC type Type Pulse Width (PWM) and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), then determine the value of efficiency, and compare which type of SCC is better to use. Sampling of solar voltage and current data in the field at 10.00 – 15.00, this is because at that time the sunlight reaches its maximum intensity. The results showed that the MPPT type SCC efficiency was higher than the PWM type SCC efficiency value, namely 84.623% the MPPT type SCC efficiency compared to 80.935% PWM type SCC efficiency.
Keywords: Solar Charge Controller, Pulse Width Modulation, Maximum Power Point Tracking
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Taguchi, Yuki, Shigeaki Toratani, Kensaku Matsui, Seiya Hayashi, Natsuki Eboshida, Atsuko Hamada, Nanako Ito, Fumitaka Obayashi, Naohiro Kimura, and Souichi Yanamoto. "Evaluation of Oral Mucosal Lesions Using the IllumiScan® Fluorescence Visualisation Device: Distinguishing Squamous Cell Carcinoma." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 21, 2022): 10414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610414.
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We evaluated whether fluorescence intensity (FI) and its coefficient of variation (CV) can be used to diagnose squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) through IllumiScan®, an oral mucosa fluorescence visualisation (FV) device. Overall, 190 patients with oral mucosal lesions (OMLs; SCC, 59; non-SCC OMLs, 131) and 49 patients with normal oral mucosa (NOM) were enrolled between January 2019 and March 2021. The FI of the images was analysed using image analysis software. After establishing regions of interest for SCC, non-SCC, and NOM, the average FI, standard deviation (SD), and CV were compared. There was a significant difference in the average FI for all pairs of comparisons. The SD was not significantly different between the SCC and NOM groups (p = 0.07). The CV differed significantly for NOM (p < 0.001) and non-SCC groups (p < 0.001) relative to the SCC group but was not different between NOM and non-SCC groups (p = 0.15). Univariate analysis of SCC and non-SCC groups showed significant differences for all factors, except age. However, multivariate analysis showed a significant intergroup difference only in the CV (p = 0.038). Therefore, analysing the CV in FV images of OML may be useful for the diagnosis of oral cancer.
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Scambia, G., P. Benedetti Panici, E. Foti, M. Amoroso, G. Salerno, G. Ferrandina, F. Battaglia, S. Greggi, A. De Gaetano, and G. Puglia. "Squamous cell carcinoma antigen: prognostic significance and role in the monitoring of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in cervical cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 12, no. 11 (November 1994): 2309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1994.12.11.2309.
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PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the role of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) in the management of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS SCC assay was performed with a radioimmunoassay kit in a series of 102 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. The values of 2.5, 5, and 7 ng/mL were used to define SCC antigen positivity. The chi 2 and Fisher's exact test and the stepwise logistic regression were used to evaluate the distribution of marker values. Analysis of survival was performed using the Kaplan and Meier test and Cox multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS SCC levels were elevated in 65%, 45%, and 32% of patients with primary tumors for cutoff values of 2.5, 5, and 7 ng/mL, respectively. SCC pretreatment levels correlated with stage, tumor volume and lymph node status. In the multivariate analysis, SCC expression proved to be an independent predictor of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. SCC posttreatment levels were strongly related to chemotherapy response. Moreover, the overall correlation between the clinical course of the disease and the variation of SCC levels was 83%. In patients with squamous cell tumors, survival was significantly longer in SCC-negative cases compared with SCC-positive cases (P = .04). Moreover, in patients undergoing surgery after response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, low SCC values were associated with better prognosis (P = .02). In the multivariate analysis, parametrial involvement and SCC status proved to retain an independent prognostic value. CONCLUSION Our data show that SCC assay may provide useful information to improve the prognostic characterization and disease monitoring of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Zhang, Heng, Qian Chang, Sui Li, and Jiandong Huang. "Determining the Efficiency of the Sponge City Construction Pilots in China Based on the DEA-Malmquist Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 6, 2022): 11195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811195.
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Sponge city construction (SCC) has improved the quality of the urban water ecological environment, and the policy implementation effect of SCC pilots is particularly remarkable. Based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, this study employed the related index factors such as economy, ecology, infrastructure, and the population of the pilot city as the input, and the macro factors of SCC as the output, to scientifically evaluate the relative efficiency between the SCC pilots in China. Eleven representative SCC pilots were selected for analysis from the perspectives of static and dynamic approaches, and comparisons based on the horizontal analysis of the efficiency of SCC pilots were conducted and some targeted policy suggestions are put forward, which provide a reliable theoretical model and data support for the efficiency evaluation of SCC. This paper can be used as a reference for construction by providing a DEA model for efficiency evaluation methods and thus helps public sector decision makers choose the appropriate construction scale for SCC pilots.
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Aittiwarapoj, Anchisa, Rachai Juengsomjit, Nakarin Kitkumthorn, and Puangwan Lapthanasupkul. "Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Squamous Cell Carcinoma at the Tongue: Clinicopathological Analysis in a Thai Population." European Journal of Dentistry 13, no. 03 (July 2019): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698368.
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Abstract Objective Tongue is regarded as one of the common sites of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinicopathological profile of OSCC and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) at the tongue. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological characteristics of 208 Thai patients diagnosed with SCC and OPMDs at the tongue in the period from 1996 to 2015. Chi-squared test was used to compare differences between patient’s clinical and histopathological features. Results Seventy-eight tongue SCC and 130 tongue OPMD cases were present over the study period. Slight male predominance was found for tongue SCC, while a slight female predominance was present for tongue OPMDs. Both tongue SCC and tongue OPMDs were mostly diagnosed in the old age patients (>40 years old). The majority of tongue SCC and OPMDs occurred at the tip and lateral of the tongue. The most common histologic grading of tongue SCC was well differentiated and no poor differentiation was found in this study. More than a half of tongue OPMDs showed epithelial dysplasia. Both tongue SCC and OPMDs demonstrated no significant correlation between clinical feature and histopathologic diagnosis. Conclusions Tongue SCC and OPMDs were particularly found in the elderly population and frequently developed at the tip and lateral of the tongue. Most of tongue OPMDs, particularly all of tongue erythroplakia, exhibited epithelial dysplasia. For dental practitioners, awareness in the early detection and diagnosis of these tongue lesions should be raised.
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Song, Mingda, Weiqiang Wang, Yafan Zhao, and Yuliang Cui. "Urea Reactor Integrity Evaluation Based on Failure Analysis." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, no. 4 (February 24, 2007): 744–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2767368.
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Multilayered pressure vessels tend to induce stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in the heavy weld. This conclusion is based on the recent ruptured urea reactor failure analysis. Finite element simulation proved that multilayered urea reactors have yielded zones at the heavy weld where the SCC crack initiated. Acoustic emission (AE) examination conducted for two in-service urea reactors revealed AE event clusters at the heavy weld and subsequent phased array reexamination confirmed the existence of propagating defects in the heavy weld. The results also showed that AE evaluation and phased array reexamination are sound combination methods to evaluate the integrity of multilayered urea reactors. Besides, they are superior to γ-ray inspection because of the uncertain propagation direction of SCC cracks.
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Lalvani, J. Isaac Joshua Ramesh, E. Prakash, M. Parthasarathy, S. Jayaraj, and K. Annamalai. "Structural Analysis on Swirling Grooved SCC Piston." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.452.
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This journal describes a study on the structural effects of DI diesel engine conventional piston and modified pistons. To enhance the combustion efficiency of the engine conventional piston has been modified as shallow depth piston bowl with swirling grooves on the piston crown. Three different widths (5.5mm, 6.5mm and 7.5mm) and constant depth (00 to 50) swirling grooves added on the shallow depth combustion chambered piston crown. The conventional piston and modified pistons has been modeled in CATIA software and structural analysis done in ANSYS 14. In structural analysis observed that deformation for the modified pistons are same and negligible as compared to the conventional piston.
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Kumar, Raghvendra, and Hai-Van Thi Mai. "Prediction and sensitivity analysis of self compacting concrete slump flow by random forest algorithm." Journal of Science and Transport Technology 2, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.58845/jstt.utt.2022.en58.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a construction material with many advantages, including high performance and the capacity to self-compact without mechanical vibration. As a result, SCC is widely used in construction, especially at locations where concrete structures are difficult to construct. Filling ability is one of the three basic requirements that must be met when designing the SCC mix. The slump flow (SF) is used to determine the SCC mixture's filling capacity. As a result, it is critical to estimate this number fast and precisely. The purpose of this study is to propose the use of a random forest (RF) model to predict the SF of SCC and to assess the effect of input parameters on output parameters. The study constructed the RF model using a dataset of 507 experimental results collected, which is the biggest data collection compared to previous studies on this subject. Additionally, a 10-fold cross-validation approach is used to improve the model's prediction performance. As a result, the performance assessment criteria for the testing dataset have values of RMSE = 59.5664 mm, MAE = 32.4483 mm, and R = 0.8614, respectively. This result shows that the RF model is an effective tool in predicting the SF of SCC.
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Kumar, Raghvendra, and Hai-Van Thi Mai. "Prediction and sensitivity analysis of self compacting concrete slump flow by random forest algorithm." Journal of Science and Transport Technology 2, no. 1 (March 20, 2022): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.58845/jstt.utt.2022.en.2.32-43.
Full textAbstract:
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a construction material with many advantages, including high performance and the capacity to self-compact without mechanical vibration. As a result, SCC is widely used in construction, especially at locations where concrete structures are difficult to construct. Filling ability is one of the three basic requirements that must be met when designing the SCC mix. The slump flow (SF) is used to determine the SCC mixture's filling capacity. As a result, it is critical to estimate this number fast and precisely. The purpose of this study is to propose the use of a random forest (RF) model to predict the SF of SCC and to assess the effect of input parameters on output parameters. The study constructed the RF model using a dataset of 507 experimental results collected, which is the biggest data collection compared to previous studies on this subject. Additionally, a 10-fold cross-validation approach is used to improve the model's prediction performance. As a result, the performance assessment criteria for the testing dataset have values of RMSE = 59.5664 mm, MAE = 32.4483 mm, and R = 0.8614, respectively. This result shows that the RF model is an effective tool in predicting the SF of SCC.
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Han, Yiqun, Jiayu Wang, Zijing Wang, and Binghe Xu. "Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast: A Population-Based Analysis." Cancer Control 28 (January 2021): 107327482110443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10732748211044355.
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Background To better understand the clinicopathological features and prognostic profiles of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast. Methods Information on breast cancer was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2016). Comparative analyses were carried out to investigate the heterogeneity in the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes between SCC and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), while propensity score matching was conducted to analyze the variations among baseline characteristics. Prognostic factors for SCC of the breast were successively identified using Cox regression analysis. Results A total of 382 SCC patients and 561477 IDC patients were identified in this study. Comparatively, the SCC cohort exhibited a higher proportion of male individuals, poor differentiation, an advanced TNM stage, an increasing percentage of triple-negative (TN) subtype, an increasing rate of organ involvement, and less access to therapeutics. The aggressive profile was consistent in the TN subgroup, with a significantly higher proportion in SCC than in IDC (25.7% vs 6.8%). Prognosis of SCC was profoundly poorer than that of IDC (mOS, 78.6 months and 121.6 months, P < .0001; mBCSS 91.9 months vs 135.6 months, P < .0001), of which the inferior tendency remained stable among disease stage and therapeutic options, while no difference was detected in the 2 subgroups with the TN subtype. The 2-year survival rate was 66.9% and the 5-year survival rate was 51.4%, with the risk factors being older age, bilateral disease, advanced TNM stage, bone and visceral involvement, surgical intervention, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy. Conclusions This study systematically analyzed the heterogeneous characteristics of SCC of the breast in comparison with IDC. Squamous cell breast cancer presented with increasing aggressive behavior and inferior prognosis. Prospective studies should focus on this subgroup and introduce individualized therapeutic protocols in clinical practice.
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Park, Yu Jung, Min Young Lee, Ji Eun Choi, Jae Yun Jung, and Jung Hwa Bahng. "A Comparative Analysis of the Vestibulocochlear Function in Patients with Isolated Semicircular Canal Hypofunction Using a Video Head Impulse Test." Research in Vestibular Science 22, no. 2 (June 15, 2023): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21790/rvs.2023.22.2.34.
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Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze vestibulocochlear function results in patients identified with isolated semicircular canal (SCC) hypofunction using the video head impulse test (vHIT).Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on the clinical records of 123 patients diagnosed with isolated SCC hypofunction based on vHIT results. Among these patients, 72 had isolated posterior SCC (PSCC) hypofunction, 25 had isolated lateral SCC (LSCC) hypofunction, and 26 had isolated anterior SCC (ASCC) hypofunction. Descriptive analyses were performed on various vestibulocochlear tests including pure tone audiometry, sinusoidal harmonic acceleration (SHA), spontaneous nystagmus (SN), head-shaking nystagmus (HSN), caloric testing, and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential, with results analyzed separately for each SCC hypofunction group.Results: The study found that 66.0% of the evaluated patients exhibited abnormal results in at least one vestibulocochlear function test. PSCC hypofunction patients showed a significantly higher incidence of hearing loss compared to ASCC and LSCC hypofunction patients. LSCC hypofunction patients exhibited higher rates of corrective saccade, phase asymmetry of SHA, and SN abnormalities compared to other SCC hypofunction patients. Additionally, the rates of corrective saccade and phase asymmetry of SHA were also higher in LSCC hypofunction patients. ASCC hypofunction patients demonstrated significantly higher rates of normal corrective saccade, phase lead of SHA, and SN.Conclusions: The analysis of this study suggests that even in cases where vHIT indicates isolated SCC hypofunction, additional vestibulocochlear function tests should be conducted to identify any associated vestibulocochlear dysfunctions. This highlights the importance of comprehensive evaluation to accurately diagnose and manage patients with SCC hypofunction.
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Wang, Lei, Yanyan Zhu, Lin Wu, Ying Zhuang, Jinsheng Zeng, and Fuqing Zhou. "Classification of Chemotherapy-Related Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Breast Cancer Using Brain Functional Connectivity and Activity: A Machine Learning Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11082267.
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The aim of this study was combining multi-level resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) features with machine learning method to distinguish breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-related subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) from non-chemotherapy (BC) and healthy controls (HC). Forty subjects in SCC group, forty-nine in BC group and thirty-four in HC group were recruited and underwent rs-fMRI scanning. Based on the anatomical automatic labeling brain atlas, the functional metrics of all subjects included functional connectivity, amplitude of low frequency fluctuation and fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity, voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity and degree centrality were calculated and extracted as features set. Then, the rs-fMRI features were selected by two-sample t-test, removing variables with a high pairwise correlation and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Finally, the support vector machine models were built for classification (SCC vs. BC, SCC vs. HC). Thirty-eight features (SCC vs. BC) and seventeen features (SCC vs. HC) were selected separately, and the accuracy of the models were 82.0% and 91.9%, respectively. These findings demonstrated a valid machine learning approach that effectively distinguished breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-related SCC from non-chemotherapy and healthy controls, providing potential neuroimaging evidence for early diagnosis and clinical intervention of chemotherapy-related SCC.
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Odeyemi, Samson Olalekan, Michael Oluwasegun Adisa, Olumoyewa Dotun Atoyebi, Adeyemi Adesina, Ahmed Lukman, and Adeniyi Olakiitan. "Variability Analysis of Compressive and Flexural Performance of Coconut Fibre Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 66 (September 12, 2023): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-kcf6yl.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a high-performance material that flows freely and consolidates without segregation or bleeding. This study investigated the effectiveness of incorporating coconut fiber into SCC to improve its strength and toughness. Three mixtures with coconut fiber inclusions of 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6% by weight of cement were used. The addition of coconut fiber reduced the workability and passing ability of the concrete, but all mixes met the SCC specification. The CFRSCC with 0.2% had the highest compressive and flexural strengths. The study concluded that adding 0.2% coconut fiber to SCC can increase its strength. The use of natural fibers like coconut can enhance the properties of concrete and could be an alternative to synthetic fibers, especially in regions where natural fibers are locally available and cost-effective.
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Liyanage, Upekha E., Matthew H. Law, Xikun Han, Jiyuan An, Jue-Sheng Ong, Puya Gharahkhani, Scott Gordon, et al. "Combined analysis of keratinocyte cancers identifies novel genome-wide loci." Human Molecular Genetics 28, no. 18 (June 7, 2019): 3148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddz121.
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Abstract The keratinocyte cancers (KC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common cancers in fair-skinned people. KC treatment represents the second highest cancer healthcare expenditure in Australia. Increasing our understanding of the genetic architecture of KC may provide new avenues for prevention and treatment. We first conducted a series of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of KC across three European ancestry datasets from Australia, Europe and USA, and used linkage disequilibrium (LD) Score regression (LDSC) to estimate their pairwise genetic correlations. We employed a multiple-trait approach to map genes across the combined set of KC GWAS (total N = 47 742 cases, 634 413 controls). We also performed meta-analyses of BCC and SCC separately to identify trait specific loci. We found substantial genetic correlations (generally 0.5–1) between BCC and SCC suggesting overlapping genetic risk variants. The multiple trait combined KC GWAS identified 63 independent genome-wide significant loci, 29 of which were novel. Individual separate meta-analyses of BCC and SCC identified an additional 13 novel loci not found in the combined KC analysis. Three new loci were implicated using gene-based tests. New loci included common variants in BRCA2 (distinct to known rare high penetrance cancer risk variants), and in CTLA4, a target of immunotherapy in melanoma. We found shared and trait specific genetic contributions to BCC and SCC. Considering both, we identified a total of 79 independent risk loci, 45 of which are novel.
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Sadalla, José Carlos, Sílvia Vanessa Lourenço, Mirian Nacagami Sotto, Edmund Chada Baracat, and Jesus Paula Carvalho. "Claudin and p53 expression in vulvar lichen sclerosus and squamous-cell carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Pathology 64, no. 10 (June 4, 2011): 853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200103.
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AimsVulvar squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare gynaecological cancer. Vulvar SCC has been shown to develop from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasias, which are related to lichen sclerosus (LS). Most studies to date have compared vulvar SCC with LS only morphologically, but no detailed molecular analysis has been performed. The objective was to compare claudin and p53 expression in these diseases and determine if there was any association with expression and vulvar SCC progression.MethodsImmunohistochemical analysis was performed in order to determine expression of p53 and claudin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 11 in human vulvar tissue samples from LS, SCC and control patients.ResultsClaudin 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were expressed comparably in the three groups. Claudin 7 and 11 expression was significantly decreased in LS and SCC samples compared with the control group. Expression of p53 was significantly increased in SCC and LS patient samples compared with the control group.ConclusionsClaudin 7 and 11 were not expressed in LS and SCC. However, there was no significant difference in expression of any of the claudins between the LS and SCC samples. Furthermore, p53 expression is the highest in SCC patients and lowest in the control group. However, expression of p53 did not vary between samples from isolated LS and LS associated SCC patients, suggesting that increased p53 expression is not the determining factor in the progression of LS lesions to SCC.
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Mackle, T., and T. O'Dwyer. "A comparative analysis of anterior versus posterior squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: a 10-year review." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 120, no. 5 (March 27, 2006): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215106000971.
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Introduction: The study sought to compare and contrast squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anterior mobile tongue with SCC of the tongue base, with emphasis on clinical presentation, management and outcome.Methods: This was a retrospective, comparative analysis of patients treated for SCC of the tongue over a 10-year period. Cox's regression model was used to assess the effect of tumour site on survival.Results: The study included 142 patients, of whom 86 were treated for SCC of the anterior tongue and 56 for tongue base lesions. Patients with carcinoma of the anterior tongue tended to present with a visible lump or ulceration of the tongue, whereas the majority of patients with tongue base SCC presented with pain. Sixty per cent of anterior tongue lesions were early stage (I or II) at initial presentation as compared with 21 per cent of tongue base lesions.Conclusion: Patients with anterior tongue lesions had a better prognosis, but this was not statistically significant when adjusted for stage.
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Alam, Arshad, Vijay Vemuri, and Prabir Bagchi. "Causal Links between Supply Chain Capability and FDI: A Panel Granger Causal Analysis." Journal of International Business and Economy 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51240/jibe.2015.2.1.
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has grown significantly over the last few decades and it is seen as an engine for economic growth, especially for developing and transition economies, which account for more than 60% of global FDI flows. Location characteristics and supply-side factors are increasingly important in determining FDI flows. We borrow the concept of supply chain capability (SCC) of countries, developed by Alam and Bagchi (2011), to analyze the relationship between FDI and SCC for a panel of 64 countries for the period 1990 to 2013. We examine for causal rather than associative links between these factors using the Granger-causality methodology. Our results indicate that FDI Granger-causes SCC, but the causal relationship is not bidirectional. The paper contributes to the understanding of the link between FDI and SCC and has policy implications, especially for developing countries seeking to benefit from global investment flows.
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Castelli, M., F. Salvati, A. Cruciani, L. Portalone, D. Giannarelli, and U. Ferrini. "Comparative Analysis of CEA and SCC Serum Markers with IAP in Human Lung Cancer." International Journal of Biological Markers 4, no. 1 (January 1989): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460088900400109.
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Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) were measured in 37patients with lung cancers, in 24 with non-cancer pulmonary diseases and in 24 normal controls. We evaluated the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of these three markers alone and combined. The highest specificity was observed for SCC (83.3%) and the highest sensitivity for IAP (94.6%). The best accuracy was obtained with the combined determination of CEA and SCC. In cancer and non-cancer pulmonary diseases the best correlation was observed between CEA and SCC (r=0.30 in cancer and r=0.45 in non-cancer pulmonary diseases). Although the IAP test is not specific in the detection of lung cancer, its use may be helpful in monitoring the acute phase reactions that occur very frequently in this malignancy.
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Xia, Jun, Z. Shen, and Bin Chen. "Dynamic Analysis of Steel-Concrete Composite Frames with Partial Interaction." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 904–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.904.
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The finite element formulations of steel-concrete composite (SCC) beams considering interlayer slip with end shear restraint were established. Free vibrations of SCC beams and frame structures under different slip boundary conditions were examined. The influences of the shear connection stiffness and the slip boundary condition on dynamic characteristics were analyzed. It is shown that the low order 8-DOF element may exhibit slip locking phenomenon in free vibration analysis for very stiff connection. The free vibration frequencies of composite beams and frame structures increase with the shear connection stiffness increasing. Besides, it is found that the natural vibration properties of SCC frame structures are significantly affected by the slip boundary condition, and it should be suitably imposed on all composite beams in dynamic analysis.
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Shan, Zhi, Jian Jun Shi, En Xiong, and Xian Lei Wu. "Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Approach for Back Analysis of Workability." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 1348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.1348.
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The usual research method, on rheology of fresh self-compacting concrete, is that the regression models between rheological parameters and workability were established, and then the rheological test was operated to control fresh SCC. But, there is no rheometer used widely on site, already. So this paper developed an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference approach of the back analysis of workability on fresh SCC rheology, and workability tests can be taken to inverse the rheological parameters, by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. In order to check the correctness of this approach, a rheological problem of fresh SCC was solved by it, and the inversion results were in good agreement with the rheological parameters, and the predication accuracy of ANFIS models was quite sufficient to meet the engineering requirement.
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Duk, J. M., K. H. Groenier, H. W. de Bruijn, H. Hollema, K. A. ten Hoor, A. G. van der Zee, and J. G. Aalders. "Pretreatment serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen: a newly identified prognostic factor in early-stage cervical carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 14, no. 1 (January 1996): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1996.14.1.111.
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PURPOSE To investigate the prognostic value of pretreatment serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-ag) levels in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma in relation to well-established conventional risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sera from 653 women treated for squamous cervical cancer between 1978 and 1994 were analyzed for the presence of SCC-ag and related to clinicopathologic characteristics and patient outcome using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Increased pretreatment SCC-ag levels correlated strongly with unfavorable clinicopathologic characteristics (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics [FIGO] stages IB to IV [P < or = .00005]; stages IB and IIA: tumor size [P = .0236], deep stromal infiltration [P = .00009], and lymph node metastasis [P = .0001]). After multivariate analysis, elevated pretreatment serum SCC-ag levels (P = .001), lesion size (P = .043), and vascular invasion by tumor cells (P = .001) were independent predictors for the presence of lymph node metastases. In Cox regression analysis, controlling for SCC-ag, lesion size, grade, vascular invasion, depth of stromal infiltration, and lymph node status only the initial SCC-ag level had a significant independent effect on survival (P = .0152). Even in node-negative patients, the risk of recurrence was three times higher if the SCC-ag level was elevated before therapy. CONCLUSION The determination of pretreatment serum SCC-ag level provides a new prognostic factor in early-stage disease, particularly in patients with small tumor size. In future trials to assess the value of new treatment strategies, pretreatment serum SCC-ag levels can be used to help identify patients with a poor prognosis.
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Hembrough, Todd A., Wei-Li Liao, Sheeno Thyparambil, Heidi S. Erickson, George Carey, Thomas Guiel, Robert B. Heaton, et al. "Development and clinical validation of an adeno/squamous multiplexed diagnostic assay for NSCLC." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e19057-e19057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e19057.
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e19057 Background: The diagnosis of adenocarcinoma (ADC) vs. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in NSCLC is critical since new therapies (e.g. pemetrexed) are restricted to non-squamous NSCLC. Most diagnoses are made based on histopathology, though IHC is often performed as well. Since IHC is not quantitative, interpretation of intensity is subjective, and reproducibility can be problematic. Using the Liquid Tissue-SRM mass spectrometry (MS) platform, we have developed a quantitative, multiplexed clinical diagnostic assay to measure the adeno/squamous markers TTF-1/CK7 (ADC) and K5 and p63/40 (SCC) in FFPE tissue. This proteomic assay is epitope independent, and highly reproducible. Methods: Recombinant K5, K7, TTF-1 and p63/p40, were subjected to trypsin digestion mapping to identify peptides for MS analysis. Heavy isotope labeled peptides were synthesized as positive control peptides for quantitation. The multiplexed assay was technically validated on cell lines, and human tumor tissues. Results: ADC/SCC proteomic analysis was performed on a training set of 39 NSCLC tissues from U. of Chicago (20 ADC and 19 SCC). Principal Component Analysis was used to define optimal quantitative cutoffs for each of the four markers for the two tumor subtypes. The ADC diagnosis was unequivocal for all 20 ADC samples, however within the 19 SCC’s, one sample appeared to be ADC and two samples had markers for both ADC and SCC. Proteomic analysis of a test set of 194 NSCLC tumors (98 ADC and 98 SCC based on pathology reports) from MD Anderson Cancer Center was consistent with the observations in the training set. 93/98 ADC cases were confirmed by proteomic analysis, four ADC cases showed mixed or SCC phenotypes. Proteomic analysis confirmed 58/98 SCC cases but identified 27 cases as mixed ADC SCC or ADC based on TTF1/K5 expression. Further studies are ongoing to determine the clinical utility of these findings. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that quantitative proteomic analysis can define cut offs for ADC and SCC Biomarkers profiles in NSCLC tumors. These profiles can determine ADC, SCC and mixed phenotypes and provide physicians with accurate information to help them stratify their patients to the right evidence based treatment therapy.
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Garcia-Taengua, Emilio. "Fundamental Fresh State Properties of Self-Consolidating Concrete: A Meta-Analysis of Mix Designs." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (December 11, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5237230.
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The study reported in this paper is the first meta-analysis aimed at obtaining statistical models for the fresh state behavior of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) mixes which effectively reproduce the complex relationships between mix design and fresh state performance. A database compiled with data from more than 120 different sources was analyzed. This study proves that SCC fresh state performance is determined by three fundamental, uncorrelated properties: flow time, flow spread, and resistance to segregation, which constitute a robust mathematical framework for the optimization of SCC mixes. The models obtained for these fundamental properties have proved consistent and reproduce very well the general trends and interactions implicit in SCC mix design recommendations, which in effect constitute the mathematical validation of recommendations well sanctioned by practice. It has been proved that, if no supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) are used, there is a remarkably narrow margin in which the three fundamental properties of fresh SCC mixes can be simultaneously optimized. The most stable mixes were found to be associated with sand-to-coarse aggregate ratios of at least 1.1. The flowability of SCC mixes in terms of both flow times and flow spread can be optimized when the following conditions concur: w/c ratio of 0.45, SCMs content below 100 kg/m3, and sand content not lower than 750 kg/m3. Furthermore, it was also proved that, in general, it is best to keep the dosages of superplasticizers (HRWRs) and viscosity-modifying agents (VMAs) below 1.7% and 0.7%, respectively, subject of course to variation across the different types of products available.
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Esajas, Martha D., Jitze M. Duk, Henk W. A. de Bruijn, Jan G. Aalders, Pax H. B. Willemse, Wim Sluiter, Betty Pras, Klaske ten Hoor, Harry Hollema, and Ate G. J. van der Zee. "Clinical Value of Routine Serum Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen in Follow-Up of Patients With Early-Stage Cervical Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, no. 19 (October 1, 2001): 3960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.19.3960.
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PURPOSE: To investigate the contribution to recurrence detection and survival of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-ag) analysis in the follow-up of early-stage cervical cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Follow-up data were evaluated in patients with early-stage squamous cell cervical cancer treated by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy with or without radiotherapy. Routine serum SCC-ag determination was performed at each follow-up visit. RESULTS: Recurrent disease occurred in 35 (16%) of 225 patients and was preceded or accompanied by serum SCC-ag elevation 26 times (sensitivity, 74%). In five (14%) of these 35 patients, elevated serum SCC-ag was the first measured clinical indicator. Desite salvage therapy, all five patients died of disease. In the other 31 patients (21 with serum SCC-ag elevation), either symptoms and/or positive signs led to recurrence detection. Median survival time after recurrence was worse (9 months; range, 2 to 112+) for patients with an elevated serum SCC-ag value at recurrence in comparison with patients with normal serum SCC-ag values (20 months; range, 4 to 96; P < .01). In 23 of the 190 patients without recurrences, serum SCC-ag values became falsely elevated. In 16 of these 23 patients, the repeat sample after 6 weeks showed a normal SCC-ag, and in seven patients benign (especially skin) disorders were found. CONCLUSION: Serum SCC-ag analysis results in earlier recurrence detection in a small proportion (14%) of patients but did not contribute to better survival. As long as treatment possibilities for recurrent cervical cancer patients are not improved, serum SCC-ag analysis should not be carried out in routine follow-up.