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Journal articles on the topic 'Scattering signal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Wang, Xinyu, Lin Wang, Peng Lin, Hui Xie, Xinyi Xu, Qi Zeng, Yonghua Zhan, and Xueli Chen. "Simulation of stimulated Raman scattering signal generation in scattering tissues excited by Bessel beams." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 14, no. 03 (February 20, 2021): 2150008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545821500085.

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Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has the ability of noninvasive imaging of specific chemical bonds and been increasingly used in biomedicine in recent years. Two pulsed Gaussian beams are used in traditional SRS microscopes, providing with high lateral and axial spatial resolution. Because of the tight focus of the Gaussian beam, such an SRS microscopy is difficult to be used for imaging deep targets in scattering tissues. The SRS microscopy based on Bessel beams can solve the imaging problem to a certain extent. Here, we establish a theoretical model to calculate the SRS signal excited by two Bessel beams by integrating the SRS signal generation theory with the fractal propagation method. The fractal model of refractive index turbulence is employed to generate the scattering tissues where the light transport is modeled by the beam propagation method. We model the scattering tissues containing chemicals, calculate the SRS signals stimulated by two Bessel beams, discuss the influence of the fractal model parameters on signal generation, and compare them with those generated by the Gaussian beams. The results show that, even though the modeling parameters have great influence on SRS signal generation, the Bessel beams-based SRS can generate signals in deeper scattering tissues.

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2

Ramachandran, R., A. A. Deshpande, and B. W. Stappers. "Search for Single Scattering Events." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 177 (2000): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100060632.

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Radio signals, during their passage through the intervening medium, are scattered due to irregularities in the density of free electrons in the interstellar medium. Signals from distant sources undergo, most often,strong & multiple scatteringwhile the signals from nearby sources may be onlyweakly scatteredeven at meter wavelengths. It is likely that the scattering of signals from some nearby sources is possibly non-multiple in nature and hence may show a distinct signature ofsingle or discrete scattering events. In such a situation we receive, along with the direct unscattered signal, only a few discrete delayed versions of the signal. In such a case, it appears possible to probe the properties (such as the size and the density contrast) of the discrete density-irregularities responsible for the scattering, if the associated delays can be measured.

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3

CAO, Z., and Y. D. HE. "SIGNAL OF QUARK SUBSTRUCTURE IN HADRONIC INTERACTIONS AT SMALL SCATTERING ANGLES." Modern Physics Letters A 10, no. 03 (January 30, 1995): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395000296.

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We explore the possibility of searching for signals of quark substructure in hadronic interactions at small scattering angles. Incorporating the four-fermion contact interaction due to scatterings between constituents of quarks in the lowest order QCD formalism, we find a deviation in the jet inclusive cross-sections at small scattering angles from the prediction by standard model. This strategy can be used to look for the compositeness of quarks at 1016 eV by analyzing cosmic ray double-core γ-family data.

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4

Zhang, Rongrui, and Heng Zhao. "A Novel Method for Online Extraction of Small-Angle Scattering Pulse Signals from Particles Based on Variable Forgetting Factor RLS Algorithm." Sensors 21, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 5759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175759.

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The small-angle optical particle counter (OPC) can detect particles with strong light absorption. At the same time, it can ignore the properties of the detected particles and detect the particle size singly and more accurately. Reasonably improving the resolution of the low pulse signal of fine particles is key to improving the detection accuracy of the small-angle OPC. In this paper, a new adaptive filtering method for the small-angle scattering signals of particles is proposed based on the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. By analyzing the characteristics of the small-angle scattering signals, a variable forgetting factor (VFF) strategy is introduced to optimize the forgetting factor in the traditional RLS algorithm. It can distinguish the scattering signal from the stray light signal and dynamically adapt to the change in pulse amplitude according to different light absorptions and different particle sizes. To verify the filtering effect, small-angle scattering pulse extraction experiments were carried out in a simulated smoke box with different particle properties. The experiments show that the proposed VFF-RLS algorithm can effectively suppress system stray light and background noise. When the particle detection signal appears, the algorithm has fast convergence and tracking speed and highlights the particle pulse signal well. Compared with that of the traditional scattering pulse extraction method, the resolution of the processed scattering pulse signal of particles is greatly improved, and the extraction of weak particle scattering pulses at a small angle has a greater advantage. Finally, the effect of filter order in the algorithm on the results of extracting scattering pulses is discussed.

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5

Gagin, Anton, and Igor Levin. "A Bayesian approach to removal of incoherent scattering from neutron total-scattering data." Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, no. 6 (November 28, 2014): 2060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576714023796.

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A Bayesian statistics approach for subtraction of incoherent scattering from neutron total-scattering data has been developed and implemented in a public domain software package. In this approach, the estimated background signal associated with incoherent scattering maximizes the posterior probability, which combines the likelihood of this signal in reciprocal and real spaces with the prior that favors smooth lines. The probability distributions are constructed according to the principle of maximum entropy. The method enables robust subtraction of incoherent-scattering backgrounds while providing estimated uncertainties for recovered signals. The developed procedure was first tested using simulated data and then demonstrated using three representative experimental data sets, collected on bulk materials and nanoparticles, featuring distinct ratios of coherent to incoherent scattering.

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6

Wu, Xuerui, and Shuanggen Jin. "A Simulation Study of GNSS-R Polarimetric Scattering from the Bare Soil Surface Based on the AIEM." Advances in Meteorology 2019 (May 8, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3647473.

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In the past two decades, global navigation satellite system-reflectometry (GNSS-R) has emerged as a new remote sensing technique for soil moisture monitoring. Some experiments showed that the antenna of V polarization is more favorable to receive the reflected signals, and the interference pattern technique (IPT) was used for soil moisture and retrieval of other geophysical parameters. Meanwhile, the lower satellite elevation angles are most impacted by the multipath. However, electromagnetic theoretical properties are not clear for GNSS-R soil moisture retrieval. In this paper, the advanced integral equation model (AIEM) is employed using the wave-synthesis technique to simulate different polarimetric scatterings in the specular directions. Results show when the incident angles are larger than 70°, scattering at RR polarization (the transmitted signal is right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), while the received one is also RHCP) is larger than that at LR polarization (the transmitted signal is RHCP, while the received one is left-hand circular polarization (LHCP)), while scattering at LR polarization is larger than that at RR polarization for the other incident angles (1°∼70°). There is an apparent dip for VV and VR scatterings due to the Brewster angle, which will result in the notch in the final receiving power, and this phenomenon can be used for soil moisture retrieval or vegetation corrections. The volumetric soil moisture (vms) effects on their scattering are also presented. The larger soil moisture will result in lower scattering at RR polarization, and this is very different from the scattering of the other polarizations. It is interesting to note that the surface correlation function only affects the amplitudes of the scattering coefficients at much less level, but it has no effects on the angular trends of RR and LR polarizations.

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7

Xiong, Qing Song, Zhao Hua Wu, Pin Chen, and Sheng Zhang. "Analysis of Characteristic of Microstrip Signal Loss in Course of Signal Transmission." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 2229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2229.

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The effect of loss of transmission line on the transmission signal can’t be ignored in microwave circuits. Based on the theory of loss and microwave network principle, the effect of the width, parallel length and space of transmission lines on the scattering parameters’ insertion loss is analyzed in perspective of scattering parameters of the odd mode and even mode. The simulation results show that: when the other parameters are fixed, both the characteristic impedance and the conductor loss decrease non-linearly with the line width broadening; due to the coupling effect between micro-strip lines, the first trough frequency of the scattering parameter S21 curved line, that is the point the signal energy attenuate most seriously, decreases linearly with line width broadening and increases non- linearly with line spaces broadening.

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8

Gupta, B. D., T. J. Borys, S. Deshpande, R. E. Jones, and E. W. Abrahamson. "Light-induced interaction between rhodopsin and GTP-binding protein leads to the hydrolysis of GTP in the rod outer segment." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 64, no. 4 (April 1, 1986): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o86-042.

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In the presence of exogeneous GTP, vertebrate whole rod outer segments (ROS), with perforated plasma membranes in the "single particle" scattering range, elicit a light-induced light-scattering transient which we call the "G" signal. Here, we report on the characteristics of the "G" signal relative to the "binding" and "dissociation" signals reported by Kuhn and colleagues. Replacing GTP with guanylyl imidodiphosphate (GMP-PNP) does not give rise to the G signal. This indicates that hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate is required for the G signal and, in addition. GTP and GMP-PNP compete for the same binding site of the enzyme responsible for the G signal (i.e., GTP-binding protein). Also, neither GDP nor its nonhydrolyzable analogue, guanosine 5′-O-(2-thiodiphosphate), when present in ROS suspensions yield any light-scattering transient in the time period tested.

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9

Zhang, Yan Min, Xing Guang Qi, and Qing Hua Li. "Simulation of Dynamic Light Scattering Signal Based on AR Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (June 2014): 840–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.840.

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According to the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the ultrafine particles, the auto-regressive (AR) model used for dynamic light scattering (DLS) signals simulation can be established. By the method, DLS signals for nanoparticles distribution are simulated respectively and every ACF of simulation signal performs a great agreement with its theory value. The simulation signals were respectively inversed and inversion errors are less than 5.25%. The particles size inversions of Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS) are obtained by Morozov discrepancy principle. Experiments show that the method based on AR model is feasible in DLS signal simulation.

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10

Kamisiński, Tadeusz, Krzysztof Brawata, Adam Pilch, Jarosław Rubacha, and Marcin Zastawnik. "Test Signal Selection for Determining the Sound Scattering Coefficient in a Reverberation Chamber." Archives of Acoustics 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10168-012-0051-2.

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Abstract The paper focuses on the problem of test signal selection in determining the sound scattering coefficient in accordance with ISO 17497-1. Research shows that the use of MLS signal is preferred in this procedure. The sine sweep signal, despite its advantages, presents certain limitations if the sample is moving during measurement. An attempt has been made to develop a method that allows for minimization of error, demonstrating the dependence of the obtained values of the sound scattering coefficient on the rotational speed of the turntable and type of test signal. Conditions for the application of the sine sweep signals in continuous and discrete measurements were defined.

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11

Wang, Chunhui, Ailing Tian, Hongjun Wang, and Bingcai Liu. "“SSD scattering signal extraction in LSCT”." Physics Procedia 19 (2011): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2011.06.121.

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12

Komjathy, Attila, Valery U. Zavorotny, Penina Axelrad, George H. Born, and James L. Garrison. "GPS Signal Scattering from Sea Surface." Remote Sensing of Environment 73, no. 2 (August 2000): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4257(00)00091-2.

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13

Verspecht, J., D. F. Williams, D. Schreurs, K. A. Remley, and M. D. McKinley. "Linearization of large-signal scattering functions." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 53, no. 4 (April 2005): 1369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2005.845771.

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14

Choo, Youngmin, and Woojae Seong. "Modeling of Long-Range Reverberation Signal for Rough Bottom Consisting of Polygon Facets." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics 26, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s259172851850041x.

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To acquire a stable reverberation signal from an irregular ocean bottom, we derive the analytic surface integral of a scattered signal using Stokes’ theorem while approximating the bottom using a combination of polygon facets. In this approach, the delay difference in the elemental scattering area is considered, while the representative delay is used for the elemental scattering area in the standard reverberation model. Two different reverberation models are applied to a randomly generated rough bottom, which is composed of triangular facets. Their results are compared, and the scheme using analytic integration shows a converged reverberation signal, even with a large elemental scattering area, at the cost of an additional computational burden caused by a higher order approximation in the surface integral of the scattered signals.

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15

Lutz-Bueno, V., C. Arboleda, L. Leu, M. J. Blunt, A. Busch, A. Georgiadis, P. Bertier, et al. "Model-free classification of X-ray scattering signals applied to image segmentation." Journal of Applied Crystallography 51, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 1378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576718011032.

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In most cases, the analysis of small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS, respectively) requires a theoretical model to describe the sample's scattering, complicating the interpretation of the scattering resulting from complex heterogeneous samples. This is the reason why, in general, the analysis of a large number of scattering patterns, such as are generated by time-resolved and scanning methods, remains challenging. Here, a model-free classification method to separate SAXS/WAXS signals on the basis of their inflection points is introduced and demonstrated. This article focuses on the segmentation of scanning SAXS/WAXS maps for which each pixel corresponds to an azimuthally integrated scattering curve. In such a way, the sample composition distribution can be segmented through signal classification without applying a model or previous sample knowledge. Dimensionality reduction and clustering algorithms are employed to classify SAXS/WAXS signals according to their similarity. The number of clusters, i.e. the main sample regions detected by SAXS/WAXS signal similarity, is automatically estimated. From each cluster, a main representative SAXS/WAXS signal is extracted to uncover the spatial distribution of the mixtures of phases that form the sample. As examples of applications, a mudrock sample and two breast tissue lesions are segmented.

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16

Ананьева, М. В., А. А. Звеков, and А. В. Каленский. "Моделирование оптоакустических сигналов в системе с упругим рассеянием и поглощением света." Письма в журнал технической физики 45, no. 7 (2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2019.07.47538.17554.

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AbstractWe propose a method for simulating optoacoustic signals initiated by a laser pulse in an absorbing medium with elastic radiation scattering and carry out corresponding calculations. It is shown that the use of the method of spherical harmonics allows obtaining an analytical expression for the optoacoustic signal. The deviation of the absorption profile from the Bouguer type near the sample surface leads to a strong influence of the medium parameters on the position of the signal maximum. The growth of the albedo of onefold scattering leads to a decrease in the effective signal growth constant and its amplitude.

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17

Khlebtsov, Boris, and Nikolai Khlebtsov. "Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Lateral-Flow Immunoassay." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 2228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112228.

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Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have been developed and used in a wide range of applications, in point-of-care disease diagnoses, environmental safety, and food control. However, in its classical version, it has low sensitivity and can only perform semiquantitative detection, based on colorimetric signals. Over the past decade, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tags have been developed in order to decrease the detection limit and enable the quantitative analysis of analytes. Of note, these tags needed new readout systems and signal processing algorithms, while the LFIA design remained unchanged. This review highlights SERS strategies of signal enhancement for LFIAs. The types of labels used, the possible gain in sensitivity from their use, methods of reading and processing the signal, and the prospects for use are discussed.

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18

Guan, Liqiang, Mingxia Zou, Xili Wan, and Yifeng Li. "Nonlinear Lamb Wave Micro-Crack Direction Identification in Plates with Mixed-Frequency Technique." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (March 21, 2020): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062135.

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This paper investigates the direction identification of micro-cracks with nonlinear components generated by Lamb wave with frequency-mixing technique. Three-dimensional finite element simulations were carried out to investigate the interaction mechanism between Lamb wave signals and micro-cracks. Upon re-visiting the conventional Lamb wave excitation signal with two kinds of fundamental frequencies (f1 and f2), it was found to be possible to generate new types of frequencies (f1 ± f2) at the sideband if nonlinear sources existed in the plate. A pulse inversion method was used to extract the sideband frequency for nonlinear ultrasonic detection. By arranging piezoelectric chip arrays around the micro-crack, the acoustic nonlinearity parameter β related to the fundamental frequency and the sideband frequency for different micro-crack directions was calibrated. It was shown that β varied for different crack directions, which provides useful information about the scattering features of the nonlinear Lamb wave interacting with the micro-crack to characterize its directivity. Moreover, the scattering degree defined with the relative nonlinear parameter β′ of the micro-crack in different directions was investigated in detail by changing the size of the micro-crack. The outcomes showed that the forward scattering signal of the crack had a greater amplitude, whereas the backscattering signal had a smaller amplitude compared with the scattering signals in other directions from micro-cracks. In addition, the signal scattering degree in the forward direction from micro-cracks increased with the increasing micro-crack length, but decreased with increasing crack width. Furthermore, for the buried crack, the forward scattering degree of Lamb wave from micro-crack decreased as crack was buried deeper in plate. In summary, the findings of this study can help to further advance the use of nonlinear Lamb wave with the frequency-mixing technique for identifying the direction of micro-cracks.

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19

Islam, Md Rafiqul, Zain Elabdin Omer Elshaikh, Othman O. Khalifa, Ahm Zahirul Alam, Sheroz Khan, and A. W. Naji. "PREDICTION OF SIGNAL ATTENUATION DUE TO DUSTSTORMS USING MIE SCATTERING." IIUM Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (May 26, 2010): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v11i1.42.

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The present trend in radio design calls for the use of frequencies above 40 GHz for short links carrying wide-band digital communication signals. In order to utilize the new frequency band efficiently, signal attenuation studies due to duststorms is needed urgently for desert areas. This paper presents a mathematical model which has been developed to predict the signal attenuation due to duststorm. The proposed model enables the convenient calculation of the signal path attenuation based on Mie solution of Maxwell's equations for the scattering of electromagnetic wave by dust particles. The predicted values from the proposed mathematical model are compared with the measured values observed in Saudi Arabia and Sudan and show relatively close agreement.

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20

Gouveia, Diego, Holger Baars, Patric Seifert, Ulla Wandinger, Henrique Barbosa, Boris Barja, Paulo Artaxo, Fabio Lopes, Eduardo Landulfo, and Albert Ansmann. "Application of a multiple scattering model to estimate optical depth, lidar ratio and ice crystal effective radius of cirrus clouds observed with lidar." EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 05037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817605037.

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Lidar measurements of cirrus clouds are highly influenced by multiple scattering (MS). We therefore developed an iterative approach to correct elastic backscatter lidar signals for multiple scattering to obtain best estimates of single-scattering cloud optical depth and lidar ratio as well as of the ice crystal effective radius. The approach is based on the exploration of the effect of MS on the molecular backscatter signal returned from above cloud top.

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21

Lannert, C., and Matthew P. A. Fisher. "Inelastic Neutron Scattering Signal from Deconfined Spinons in a Fractionalized Antiferromagnet." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 15 (June 20, 2003): 2821–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203015802.

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We calculate the contribution of deconfined spinons to inelastic neutron scattering (INS) in the fractionalized antiferromagnet (AF*), introduced elsewhere. We find that the presence of free spin-1/2 charge-less excitations leads to a continuum INS signal above the Néel gap. This signal is found above and in addition to the usual spin-1 magnon signal, which to lowest order is the same as in the more conventional confined antiferromagnet. We calculate the relative weights of these two signals and find that the spinons contribute to the longitudinal response, where the magnon signal is absent to lowest order. Possible higher-order effects of interactions between magnons and spinons in the AF* phase are also discussed.

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22

Sabery, Shahrzad Minooee, Aleksandr Bystrov, Miguel Navarro-Cía, Peter Gardner, and Marina Gashinova. "Study of Low Terahertz Radar Signal Backscattering for Surface Identification." Sensors 21, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 2954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092954.

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This study explores the scattering of signals within the mm and low Terahertz frequency range, represented by frequencies 79 GHz, 150 GHz, 300 GHz, and 670 GHz, from surfaces with different roughness, to demonstrate advantages of low THz radar for surface discrimination for automotive sensing. The responses of four test surfaces of different roughness were measured and their normalized radar cross sections were estimated as a function of grazing angle and polarization. The Fraunhofer criterion was used as a guideline for determining the type of backscattering (specular and diffuse). The proposed experimental technique provides high accuracy of backscattering coefficient measurement depending on the frequency of the signal, polarization, and grazing angle. An empirical scattering model was used to provide a reference. To compare theoretical and experimental results of the signal scattering on test surfaces, the permittivity of sandpaper has been measured using time-domain spectroscopy. It was shown that the empirical methods for diffuse radar signal scattering developed for lower radar frequencies can be extended for the low THz range with sufficient accuracy. The results obtained will provide reference information for creating remote surface identification systems for automotive use, which will be of particular advantage in surface classification, object classification, and path determination in autonomous automotive vehicle operation.

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23

Kartashov, V. M. "Signal Scattering Functions of Atmospheric Sounding Systems." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 59, no. 7-9 (2003): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v59.i7-9.70.

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24

Chen, Jing, Xiangrong Liu, Changjiang Liu, and Xichao Dong. "Complex forward scattering coefficient for signal characterisation." Journal of Engineering 2019, no. 19 (October 1, 2019): 5524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2019.0032.

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25

Jakeman, E., and K. D. Ridley. "Signal processing analog of phase screen scattering." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 15, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.15.001149.

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26

Hokr, Brett H., and Vladislav V. Yakovlev. "Raman signal enhancement via elastic light scattering." Optics Express 21, no. 10 (May 7, 2013): 11757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.011757.

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27

Boborodea, Adrian, and Stephen O’Donohue. "Linearization of evaporative light scattering detector signal." International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 22, no. 8 (August 17, 2017): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666x.2017.1367066.

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28

Wesström, Jan-Olof J. "Signal scattering in multiport electron-waveguide devices." Physical Review B 58, no. 16 (October 15, 1998): 10351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.58.10351.

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A. Eid, Mahmoud M., and Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed. "Fixed scattering section length with variable scattering section dispersion based optical fibers for polarization mode dispersion penalties." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1540-1547.

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This study has clarified the fixed scattering section length with variable scattering section dispersion based optical fibers for polarization mode dispersion penalties at high data rates. The max. signal power/min. noise power is simulated against time after fiber length of 500 km with various scattering section dispersion. The overall total light power is simulated after fiber length of 500 km with various scattering section dispersion. In addition to the overall total electrical power is clarified through APD receiver at fiber length of 500 km with various scattering section dispersion. Eye diagram analyzer for signal quality is also simulated through APD receiver at fiber length of 500 km with various scattering section dispersion. The max. Q Factor, electrical signal power after APD receiver variations against scattering section dispersion variations for various data rates.

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Podoprigora, Vladimir, Anatoly Sorokin, and Dmitriy Kharlamov. "Peculiarities the navigation satellites signals scattering in the layered structure of the tree stand." E3S Web of Conferences 223 (2020): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022303017.

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A scattering and attenuation processes of navigation satellite signals in the forest interaction with tree trank and crown layers a tree stand are presented. The influence of the boundaries soil - tree stand – crown - air on the characteristics of radio signals scattering after interaction with forest is considered. Structural and electro physical features of tree stand elements in the processes of interaction with signals of the L 1 range and experimental data on signal transformations the forest are analyzed.

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Rei, Silviu, Dan Chicea, Beriliu Ilie, and Sorin Olaru. "Dynamic Light Scattering Signal Conditioning for Data Processing." ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis 69, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucts-2017-0016.

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Abstract When performing data acquisition for a Dynamic Light Scattering experiment, one of the most important aspect is the filtering and conditioning of the electrical signal. The signal is amplified first and then fed as input for the analog digital convertor. As a result a digital time series is obtained. The frequency spectrum is computed by the logical unit offering the basis for further Dynamic Light Scattering analysis methods. This paper presents a simple setup that can accomplish the signal conditioning and conversion to a digital time series.

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Matousek, P., N. Everall, M. Towrie, and A. W. Parker. "Depth Profiling in Diffusely Scattering Media Using Raman Spectroscopy and Picosecond Kerr Gating." Applied Spectroscopy 59, no. 2 (February 2005): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702053085115.

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We demonstrate how pulsed laser Raman excitation (∼1 ps) followed by fast optical Kerr gating (∼4 ps) can be used to effectively separate Raman signals originating from different depths in heterogeneous diffusely scattering media. The diffuse scattering slows down photon propagation through turbid samples enabling higher depth resolution than would be obtained for a given instrumental time resolution in an optically transparent medium. Two types of experiments on two-layer systems demonstrate the ability to differentiate between surface and sub-surface Raman signals. A Raman spectrum was obtained of stilbene powder buried beneath a 1 mm over-layer of PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)) powder. The signal contrasts of the lower stilbene layer and upper PMMA layer were improved by factors ≥5 and ≥180, respectively, by rejecting the Raman component of the counterpart layer. The ability to select the Raman signal of a thin top surface layer in preference to those from an underlying diffusely scattering substrate was demonstrated using a 100 μm thick optically transparent film of PET (poly(ethylene terephthalate)) on top of stilbene powder. The gating resulted in the suppression of the underlying stilbene Raman signal by a factor of 1200. The experiments were performed in back-scattering geometry using 400 nm excitation wavelength. The experimental technique should be well suited to biomedical applications such as disease diagnosis.

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Li, Jianzhi, Desheng Zhao, Yuemin Hou, and Baochen Sun. "Power coupling characteristics between FBG and back-scattering signals." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 07 (March 19, 2017): 1741014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217410144.

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The property and compatibility between fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and back-scattering signals are investigated by employing optical time domain reflectometry. We compare the power spectrums of spontaneous Brillouin scattering (SpBS), simultaneous Brillouin scattering (SBS) and Rayleigh scattering (RS), and coupling mechanism between FBG and back-scattering signal is explored. Experimental results show that the region of FBG contributes to the backscatter power and causes the desired reflection, and the power peak of FBG in SBS power spectrum is the sharpest among back-scattering light power spectrums and broadens with the decrease of spatial resolution. Moreover, the FBG-based method is used to find the location of temperature or stain event for scatter-based distributed sensors.

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Li, Dongsheng, Zihao Jing, and Mengdao Jin. "Plate-like structure damage location identification based on Lamb wave baseline-free probability imaging method." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 2017): 168781401668570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814016685702.

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Damage-scattering signal extraction using conventional ultrasonic guided wave–based damage detection techniques requires the measurement of baseline data under pristine condition. This study proposes a baseline-free ultrasonic guided wave damage localization and imaging method based on Lamb wave baseline-free probability imaging method. Although traditional Lamb wave probability imaging can monitor damage location in plate-like structures, the absolute time of arrival and magnitude of the signal are affected by several factors and are therefore difficult to obtain. This study also proposes a probability-based hyperbola diagnostic imaging method that is based on different times of arrival and has no magnitude information. A distributed active sensor network conforming to a pulse-echo configuration and time window functions is developed to separate damage-scattering signals from structural response signals. Continuous wavelet transform is used to calculate the time of flight of damage signal waves. The numerical simulation and experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying damage.

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Sepúlveda, Axel, Francisco Castillo, Carlos Palma, and Maria Rodriguez-Fernandez. "Emotion Recognition from ECG Signals Using Wavelet Scattering and Machine Learning." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 4945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114945.

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Affect detection combined with a system that dynamically responds to a person’s emotional state allows an improved user experience with computers, systems, and environments and has a wide range of applications, including entertainment and health care. Previous studies on this topic have used a variety of machine learning algorithms and inputs such as audial, visual, or physiological signals. Recently, a lot of interest has been focused on the last, as speech or video recording is impractical for some applications. Therefore, there is a need to create Human–Computer Interface Systems capable of recognizing emotional states from noninvasive and nonintrusive physiological signals. Typically, the recognition task is carried out from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, obtaining good accuracy. However, EEGs are difficult to register without interfering with daily activities, and recent studies have shown that it is possible to use electrocardiogram (ECG) signals for this purpose. This work improves the performance of emotion recognition from ECG signals using wavelet transform for signal analysis. Features of the ECG signal are extracted from the AMIGOS database using a wavelet scattering algorithm that allows obtaining features of the signal at different time scales, which are then used as inputs for different classifiers to evaluate their performance. The results show that the proposed algorithm for extracting features and classifying the signals obtains an accuracy of 88.8% in the valence dimension, 90.2% in arousal, and 95.3% in a two-dimensional classification, which is better than the performance reported in previous studies. This algorithm is expected to be useful for classifying emotions using wearable devices.

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Wiedorn, Max O., Salah Awel, Andrew J. Morgan, Miriam Barthelmess, Richard Bean, Kenneth R. Beyerlein, Leonard M. G. Chavas, et al. "Post-sample aperture for low background diffraction experiments at X-ray free-electron lasers." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 24, no. 6 (October 16, 2017): 1296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577517011961.

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The success of diffraction experiments from weakly scattering samples strongly depends on achieving an optimal signal-to-noise ratio. This is particularly important in single-particle imaging experiments where diffraction signals are typically very weak and the experiments are often accompanied by significant background scattering. A simple way to tremendously reduce background scattering by placing an aperture downstream of the sample has been developed and its application in a single-particle X-ray imaging experiment at FLASH is demonstrated. Using the concept of a post-sample aperture it was possible to reduce the background scattering levels by two orders of magnitude.

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Kaganov, W. I., and F. Ki. "Redistribution of Signals Power in Multipath System of Radio Communication." Russian Technological Journal 7, no. 4 (August 11, 2019): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2019-7-4-54-59.

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Two types of satellite radio of communication systems are compared: single-beam and multibeam. The problem of summation and redistribution of radio signal powers of communication systems is discussed. The power redistribution of a group of microwave transistor amplifiers between different beams is analyzed. An adder circuit based on bridge quadrature devices is considered in two- and four-ray systems. For two such cases, the scattering matrix of the signal power adder was compiled. On the basis of these two cases it is possible to compose a scattering matrix for the number of summed powers of microwave signals with the number of rays equal to 8, 16 and 32.

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Zhang, Lu, Ran Li, Li Yuan, Xin Zhao, Yunhao Xie, Senbai Kang, and Yingzhe Tu. "A Wavelet Based Signal Processing Algorithm for Label-Free Cell's Light Scattering Signals." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 6, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 1254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2016.1908.

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Wolff, Maximilian, Apurve Saini, David Simonne, Franz Adlmann, and Andrew Nelson. "Time Resolved Polarised Grazing Incidence Neutron Scattering from Composite Materials." Polymers 11, no. 3 (March 7, 2019): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030445.

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Neutron scattering experiments are a unique tool in material science due to their sensitivity to light elements and magnetic induction. However, for kinetic studies the low brilliance at existing sources poses challenges. In the case of periodic excitations these challenges can be overcome by binning the scattering signal according to the excitation state of the sample. To advance into this direction we have performed polarised and time resolved grazing incidence neutron scattering measurements on an aqueous solution of the polymer F127 mixed with magnetic nano-particles. Magnetic nano-composites like this provide magnetically tuneable properties of the polymer crystal as well as magnetic meta-crystals. Even though the grazing incidence small angle scattering and polarised signals are too weak to be evaluated at this stage we demonstrate that such experiments are feasible. Moreover, we show that the intensity of the 111 Bragg peak of the fcc micellar crystal depends on the actual shear rate, with the signal being maximised when the shear rate is lowest (and vice-versa).

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Andreev, A. N., A. G. Lazarenko, and O. N. Аndreeva. "PARTICULARITIES OF SCATTERING SIGNAL PROCESSING IN CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 76, no. 4 (2017): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v76.i4.40.

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Morgan, M. A., and B. W. McDaniel. "Transient electromagnetic scattering: data acquisition and signal processing." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 37, no. 2 (June 1988): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.6063.

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Lading, Lars, Carsten Dam-Hansen, and Erling Rasmussen. "Surface light scattering: integrated technology and signal processing." Applied Optics 36, no. 30 (October 20, 1997): 7593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.007593.

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Chluba, J., and L. Dai. "Multiple scattering Sunyaev–Zeldovich signal – II. Relativistic effects." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 438, no. 2 (December 19, 2013): 1324–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt2277.

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Turitsyna, Elena G., and Sergei K. Turitsyn. "Digital signal processing based on inverse scattering transform." Optics Letters 38, no. 20 (October 11, 2013): 4186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.38.004186.

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Solov’ev, A. P., M. I. Perchenko, Yu P. Sinichkin, and O. V. Zyuryukina. "Signal recording in acoustooptical imaging of scattering media." Technical Physics 47, no. 8 (August 2002): 996–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1501680.

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Green, H. G. "Developments in signal analysis for laser Rayleigh scattering." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 20, no. 6 (June 1987): 670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/20/6/022.

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Dutt, Vinayak, and James F. Greenleaf. "Ultrasound Echo Envelope Analysis Using a Homodyned K Distribution Signal Model." Ultrasonic Imaging 16, no. 4 (October 1994): 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016173469401600404.

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The statistics of ultrasound echo envelope signals can be used to characterize scattering media. The Rayleigh distribution and its generalized forms, the K and Rice distributions, have been previously used to model the echo signal. A more generalized statistical model, the homodyned K distribution, combines the K and Rice distribution features to better account for the statistics of the echo signal. We show that this model can give two parameters that are useful for media characterization: k, the ratio of coherent to diffuse signals, and, β, which characterizes the clustering of scatterers in the medium.

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Bammer, Dörfler, and Harar. "Gabor Frames and Deep Scattering Networks in Audio Processing." Axioms 8, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms8040106.

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This paper introduces Gabor scattering, a feature extractor based on Gabor frames andMallat’s scattering transform. By using a simple signal model for audio signals, specific propertiesof Gabor scattering are studied. It is shown that, for each layer, specific invariances to certainsignal characteristics occur. Furthermore, deformation stability of the coefficient vector generatedby the feature extractor is derived by using a decoupling technique which exploits the contractivityof general scattering networks. Deformations are introduced as changes in spectral shape andfrequency modulation. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical examples and experiments.Numerical evidence is given by evaluation on a synthetic and a “real” dataset, that the invariancesencoded by the Gabor scattering transform lead to higher performance in comparison with just usingGabor transform, especially when few training samples are available.

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Chakraborty, Bishwajit, Vasudev Mahale, Gajanan Navelkar, B. Ramalingeswara Rao, R. G. Prabhudesai, Baban Ingole, and G. Janakiraman. "Acoustic characterization of seafloor habitats on the western continental shelf of India." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 3 (January 31, 2007): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsl043.

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Abstract Chakraborty, B., Mahale, V., Navelkar, G., Rao, B. R., Prabhudesai, R. G., Ingole, B., and Janakirinam, G. 2007. Acoustic characterization of seafloor habitats on the western continental shelf of India. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 551–558. This is a study of the interaction effects of the dual-frequency (210 and 33 kHz) backscatter signal with seafloor sediment and benthic biota along a transect in water 27–83 m deep offshore of the Goa region of India's central west coast. Estimation of the power-law exponent using seafloor topographic data provided equivalent values even when using dual high-frequency systems for different grain-size sediments. Backscatter signals corrected from system-related gain, etc., reveal better correlations with sedimentary and benthic parameters than the estimated coherence parameters (using echo peaks). Statistically, correlations are significant for the 210 kHz backscatter signal with sand and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) sediment content. Also, correlations are higher for macrobenthic biomass (wet weight) and population density with a 210 kHz backscatter strength, emphasizing the dominant seawater–seafloor interface scattering process. For 33 kHz backscatter strength, the absence of such correlations indicates a different scattering process, i.e. dominant sediment volume scattering attributable to the comparatively lower signal attenuation. Additionally, to validate the results, the backscatter signals from other locations in the vicinity of this transect were considered.

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Guan, Sihui, and Yaoliang Song. "Radar Coincidence Imaging Based on Adaptive Frame-iteration Compressive Sensing." Frequenz 74, no. 3-4 (March 26, 2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2019-0157.

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AbstractThe radar coincidence imaging (RCI) doesn’t rely on relative motion between target and radar, but its super-resolution characteristics requires a large sample size of the radiation fields. In the actual operation, transmitting too many signals at once not only requires large antenna array, but also easily causes aliasing. Thus the model of adaptive frame-iteration compressive sensing (AFCS) was proposed in this paper. Compared to the traditional antenna array, MIMO antenna array [1] transmits signals independently and ensures low enough correlations between every array element. Based on the spatial multiplexing characteristics of MIMO antenna array, in each iteration-frame the randomly selected array elements transmit incoherent signals, and the scattering coefficients of target plane can be obtained by correlation processing of the echo signal and the reference signal. Moreover, according to the distribution of scattering coefficients, we can combine frame-iteration and compressive sensing to realize super-resolution imaging. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model is feasible.

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