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Journal articles on the topic 'Scatter plate'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Räsänen, J., K. M. Abedin, K. Tenjimbayashi, T. Eiju, K. Matsuda, and K. E. Peiponen. "Electron beam fabrication of scatter plate for scatter plate interferometer." Optics Communications 143, no. 1-3 (November 1997): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(97)00326-x.

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2

Räsänen, Jari T., Kai-Erik Peiponen, Kazi Monowar Abedin, Koji Tenjimbayashi, Tomoaki Eiju, and Kiyofumi Matsuda. "Integrated scatter plate and projection lens for scatter plate interferometer." Review of Scientific Instruments 69, no. 4 (April 1998): 1587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148813.

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3

Ludwig, Stephan, Giancarlo Pedrini, Xiang Peng, and Wolfgang Osten. "Single-pixel scatter-plate microscopy." Optics Letters 46, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 2473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.420593.

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4

Je, Chang H., Won H. Lee, Jin H. Kwon, and Ok S. Choe. "Speckle-averaging scatter plate interferometry." Applied Optics 24, no. 14 (July 15, 1985): 2042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.24.002042.

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5

Kothiyal, M. P., C. P. Grover, and C. Delisle. "Scatter plate interferometer using two correlated diffusers." Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-036.

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6

Nirala, Anil Kumar, Chandra Shekhar Kumar, Chandra Shakher, Santosh Kumar, Koji Tenjimbayashi, and Kiyofumi Matsuda. "Production and Use of Perfectly Symmetric Scatter Plate in Scatter Plate Interferometry for Testing of Spherical Surface." Journal of Optics 30, no. 2 (June 2001): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03354724.

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7

Chen, Jiabi. "Statistical analysis of a scatter plate interferometer." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 24, no. 7 (June 13, 2007): 2082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.24.002082.

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8

Su, Der-Chin, and Lih-Horng Shyu. "Phase Shifting Scatter Plate Interferometer Using a Polarization Technique." Journal of Modern Optics 38, no. 5 (May 1991): 951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500349114550931.

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9

Huang, Junejei, Toshio Honda, Nagaaki Ohyama, and Jumpei Tsujiuchi. "Fringe scanning scatter plate interferometer using a polarized light." Optics Communications 68, no. 4 (October 1988): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(88)90391-4.

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10

Ludwig, Stephan, Benjamin Le Teurnier, Giancarlo Pedrini, Xiang Peng, and Wolfgang Osten. "Image reconstruction and enhancement by deconvolution in scatter-plate microscopy." Optics Express 27, no. 16 (July 29, 2019): 23049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.023049.

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11

Hinshaw, Dean A., and James T. Dobbins. "Plate scatter correction for improved performance in dual-energy imaging." Medical Physics 23, no. 6 (June 1996): 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.597855.

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12

Su, Der-chin, Nagaaki Ohyama, Toshio Honda, and Jumpei Tsujiuchi. "A null test of aspherical surfaces in scatter plate interferometer." Optics Communications 58, no. 3 (June 1986): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(86)90178-1.

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13

Okamura, H., G. Yagawa, T. Hidaka, Y. Urabe, M. Satoh, and J. Sano. "A Crack Arrest Test Using a Toughness Gradient Steel Plate." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 117, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842131.

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A crack arrest test was carried out using a toughness gradient steel plate with three layers to study the concept of crack arrest toughness. Four-point bending load with thermal shock was applied to the large flat plate specimen with a surface crack. Five crack initiations and arrests were observed during the test and the propagated crack bifurcated. Finally, cracks were arrested at the boundary of the first and the second layer, except for a small segment of the crack. The first crack initiation took place slightly higher than the lower bound of KIc data obtained by ITCT specimens. That is, the KIC concept for brittle crack initiation was verified for heavy section steel plates. The first crack arrest took place within the scatter band of KIa and KId data for the first layer. That is, the KIa concept appears applicable for crack arrest of a short crack jump.

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14

Avital, Eldad J., Theodosios Korakianitis, and Touvia Miloh. "Sound Scattering by a Flexible Plate Embedded on Free Surface." Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2012 (October 10, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/473531.

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Sound wave scattering by a flexible plate embedded on water surface is considered. Linear acoustics and plate elasticity are assumed. The aim is to assess the effect of the plate’s flexibility on sound scattering and the potential in using that flexibility for this purpose. A combined sound-structure solution is used, which is based on a Fourier transform of the sound field and a finite-difference numerical-solution of the plate’s dynamics. The solution is implemented for a circular plate subject to a perpendicular incoming monochromatic sound wave. A very good agreement is achieved with a finite-difference solution of the sound field. It is shown that the flexibility of the plate dampens its scattered sound wave regardless of the type of the plate’s edge support. A hole in the plate is shown to further scatter the sound wave to form maxima in the near sound field. It is suggested that applying an external oscillatory pressure on the plate can reduce significantly and even eliminate its scattered wave, thus making the plate close to acoustically invisible. A uniformly distributed external pressure is found capable of achieving that aim as long as the plate is free edged or is not highly acoustically noncompact.

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15

Räsänen, Jari, Kazi Monowar Abedin, Masaru Kawazoe, Koji Tenjimbayashi, Tomoaki Eiju, Kiyofumi Matsuda, and Kai-Erik Peiponen. "Computer simulation of the scatter plate interferometer by scalar diffraction theory." Applied Optics 36, no. 22 (August 1, 1997): 5335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.005335.

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16

Yang, Bin, Dilun Sheng, Debin Ni, Dongxiao Fu, Yilin Chen, and Yahong Hu. "Gunpowder Throwing Environment Simulation Test Method Research." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2239, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2239/1/012019.

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Abstract This method provides an initiating explosive device and charge of gunpowder scatters environment simulation device, the device instead of using real bomb throwing explosive gunpowder, the explosive subjected to high overload damage environment process, dramatically reducing the test cost. This device to throw environment adjustment is convenient, can be obtained by changing the shear plate thickness adjustment cast pressure; by changing the charge structure, regulation of projection velocity; test through the acquisition of the combustion chamber P - T curve and the dispersal velocity to evaluate the gunpowder scatter effect.

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17

Su, Der-Chin, and Li-Horng Shyu. "A measuring method of a concave mirror by defocusing a scatter plate." Optics Communications 84, no. 3-4 (July 1991): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(91)90210-5.

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18

Tolstoy, Ivan. "Low‐frequency scatter from a thin rough elastic plate: Theory and experiment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86, S1 (November 1989): S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2027271.

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19

Kang, Guanyu, Yu Han, Xiaoqi Xi, Lei Li, Siyu Tan, Hongfeng Zhao, and Bin Yan. "Scatter correction using FBP with data rearrangement for a single full scan CBCT." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2221, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2221/1/012052.

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Abstract A scattering plate consisting of multiple lead strips is an effective tool for scatter correction and dose reduction in cone-beam CT(CBCT). Existing scattering plate correction methods take advantage of data redundancy by partially blocking cone beam data from a single scan to make up and perform scattering correction. However, for geometric objects with large cone angles during CBCT scans, existing backprojection-filteration(BPF) algorithms cannot accurately reconstruct the object due to data inconsistency and truncation, and may produce additional image artifacts. In order to improve the image quality at large cone angles, this paper proposes a hybrid scatter correction method for filteration-backprojection (FBP) image reconstruction from partially blocked cone beam data using data rearrangement. The proposed method uses a blocker consisting of multiple lead strips that are placed between the light source and the object to provide scatter correction and image reconstruction with beam-blocked data. In combination with a data rearrangement algorithm, the cone-beam projection data is rearranged into a tilted parallel projection data, followed by weighted filtering and inverse projection reconstruction. The experimental results of CBCT show that the proposed method effectively corrects the scattering in each projection and reconstructs the scatter-corrected image from a single scan.

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20

Rosen, David L. "Remote Biodetection Method Using Circular Dichroism." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 11 (November 1993): 1887–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934066073.

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This paper proposes a new method for remote biodetection and simulates it with a laboratory optical table experiment. The new method, called circular polarization transmissometry, uses laser light scattered from the ground to measure the circular dichroism in an aerosol plume. In the optical table experiment, a scatter plate simulated the ground, and solutions of camphoroquinone simulated the biological aerosols. The experiment showed that this biodetection method could work even in daylight. Optical elements with inherent birefringence caused an optical artifact background that was subtracted from the signal.

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21

Stern, C. D., G. W. Ireland, S. E. Herrick, E. Gherardi, J. Gray, M. Perryman, and M. Stoker. "Epithelial scatter factor and development of the chick embryonic axis." Development 110, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 1271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.110.4.1271.

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Scatter factor, a recently characterised protein secreted by certain embryonic fibroblasts, affects cultured epithelial by increasing cell motility, the breakdown of cell junctions and cell scattering. The process of gastrulation in higher vertebrate embryos, during which the primitive streak forms, involves an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation resembling the effects of the factor on cultured cells. The factor was applied locally to chick embryos, using both scatter-factor-secreting cell lines and inert carriers. We found that scatter factor can generate local supernumerary axial structures resembling primitive streak and/or neural plate and conclude that it may have primitive-streak and/or neural-inducing activity in chick embryos.

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22

Brandt, C. G., and G. H. van der Vliet. "Quantitative Analysis of thin Samples by X-Ray Diffraction." Advances in X-ray Analysis 29 (1985): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800010272.

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For phase analysis of small amounts of material in an x-ray powder diffractometer the sample is often spread on a sample mounting plate or support plate. Different types of plates on which thin samples can be mounted are:- silver membrane filters- metal or other polycrystalline plates- polymer membrane filters, for example PVC, polycarbonate, cellulose nitrate- glass slides- single crystals; cut so that no diffraction lines occur.Filters are often used to collect environmental dust; these samples can be analysed “as received,” Glass slides are inexpensive, flat, and readily available. Polycrystalline filters and plates have the disadvantage of possible line overlap with lines of the sample material (refer to figure 1), Glass plates or polymer filters have the high and curved background due to amorphous scatter as shown in figure 2.

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23

Huang, Kui-Dong, Zhe Xu, Ding-Hua Zhang, Hua Zhang, and Wen-Long Shi. "Robust scatter correction method for cone-beam CT using an interlacing-slit plate." Chinese Physics C 40, no. 6 (June 2016): 068202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1137/40/6/068202.

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24

Yankelevsky, David Z., Kevin Spiller, Jeffrey A. Packer, and Michael V. Seica. "Fracture characteristics of laboratory-tested soda lime glass specimens." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 44, no. 3 (March 2017): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2016-0374.

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Static testing of glass plates has shown a pronounced distribution in the plate strength. The origin of fracture location along the plate span, the corresponding critical tensile stress, and the size of the critical flaw at the origin of fracture are failure characteristics of major importance. This paper provides data and insight into parameters influencing these failure characteristics through laboratory testing and analysis of soda lime glass, to find a rationale behind the observed disorder of their magnitudes and distributions. A recent stochastic model for glass plate analysis is implemented to predict the magnitudes and distributions of the failure characteristics, and to compare these with laboratory tests. The model provides good predictions of the distributions and magnitudes of the failure characteristics and sheds light on glass plate behaviour. It demonstrates that there are mechanics-based explanations to the wide scatter of experimental results and to the apparent disorder in glass behaviour.

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25

Peng, Ge, and Shen Fang Yuan. "Damage Localization on Two-Dimensional Structure Based on Wavelet Transform and Active Lamb Wave-Based Method." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 2119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2119.

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Damage characterization was carried out by comparing single mode sensor signals collected before and after the damage event. By subtracting the signals of both conditions from each other, a scatter signal is produced which can be used for damage localization. By using Gabor wavelet to analyze single mode Lamb wave recorded before damage and scatter signal, the difference of time-of-flight can be obtained. Combining with the ellipse technique, the localization experiment on fiberglass plate of dimension 100×100×2mm is completed.

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26

Wei, Tian Tian, and Xue Song Tang. "Trans-Scale Analysis Approach of Fatigue Crack Behavior for Aluminum Alloy LC4 Plate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 750 (April 2015): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.750.51.

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Material damage state is described by a restraining stress zone. Then, a macro/micro trans- scale fatigue crack growth model is established. The proposed model is used to simulate the whole fatigue process from a micro-defect to the final macroscopic fracture. Numerical calculations are performed. The fatigue test data for the LC4 aluminum alloy plate specimens are accurately re-produced by the present model. Furthermore, when the microscopic effects are taken into account, the scatter feature of the fatigue test data can also be reflected.

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27

Barrett, Michael J., and D. Keith Hollingsworth. "Heat Transfer In Turbulent Boundary Layers Subjected to Free-Stream Turbulence—Part II: Analysis and Correlation." Journal of Turbomachinery 125, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1538623.

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A new heat transfer correlation for turbulent boundary layers subjected to free-stream turbulence was developed. The new correlation estimates dimensionless heat transfer coefficients without the use of conventional boundary-layer thickness measures and the associated Reynolds numbers. Using only free-stream parameters (mean velocity, turbulence intensity and length scale), the new correlation collected many authors’ elevated-turbulence, flat-plate Stanton number data to within ±11%. The level of scatter around the new correlation compared well to previous correlations that require additional flow information as input parameters. For a common subset of data, scatter using earlier correlation methods ranged from 5–10%; scatter around the new correlation varied from 6–9% over the same data subset. A length-scale dependence was identified in a Stanton number previously defined using a near-wall streamwise velocity fluctuation, St′. A new near-wall Stanton number was introduced; this parameter was regarded as a constant in a two-region boundary layer model on which the new correlation is based.

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28

Vasudevan, Naresh. "The low frequency scatter of SH waves by a rough interface in an elastic plate." Wave Motion 14, no. 4 (December 1991): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2125(91)90029-n.

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29

Shassere, Benjamin, Andrzej Nycz, Mark Noakes, Christopher Masuo, and Niyanth Sridharan. "Correlation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metal Big Area Additive Manufacturing." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (February 23, 2019): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040787.

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Metal Big Area Additive Manufacturing (MBAAM) is a novel wire-arc additive manufacturing method that uses a correction-based approach developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This approach is an integrated software method that minimizes the dynamic nature of welding and compensates for build height. The MBAAM process is used to fabricate simple geometry thin walled specimens, using a C-Mn steel weld wire, to investigate the scatter in mechanical properties and correlate them to the underlying microstructure. The uni-axial tensile tests show isotropic tensile and yield properties with respect to building directions, although some scatter in elongation is observed. Large scatter is observed in the Charpy Impact tests. The microstructure characterization reveals mostly homogenous ferrite grains with some pearlite, except for some changes in morphology and grain size at the interface between the build and the base plate. The measured properties and microstructure are compared with the toughness and strength values reported in the literature, and a hypothesis is developed to rationalize the differences. Overall, the MBAAM process creates stable, isotropic, and weld-like mechanical properties in the deposit, while achieving a precise geometry obtained through a real-time feedback sensing, closed loop control system.

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30

Kimura, Takashi, Takashi Sugizaki, Kenji Nishida, Nobuhiro Ishikawa, and Shigeo Tanuma. "Analysis of Joining Boundary between Ni-P Electroless Plate and Solder by EPMA Scatter Diagram Method (I)." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 68, no. 1 (2004): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet.68.8.

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31

Fayaz, Vahid, and Morteza Amirabadi. "The Effect of Denser Material than Air in Front of Clinical Radiotherapy X-Ray Beam." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.905.

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scatter photon produced during radiationtherapy with high energy photons is the main source of unwanted out-of-field and superficial received doses of patients.Surface buildup dose is dependent on electron contamination primarily from the unblocked view of the flattening filter and secondarily from air and collimation systems .We performed a comprehensive set of surface and buildup dose measurements with a thin window parallel-plate (PPC-40) chamber to examine effects of attenuating media in front of 6 MV X ray. To evaluate the impact of beam segmentation on buildup dose, measurements were performed with 10 × 10 cm2 fields, Measurements were performed in Solid Water using parallel plate chambers and diode for a 6 MV X-ray beam.

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32

He, Huihui, and Weiying Lu. "High-Throughput Chemometric Quality Assessment of Extra Virgin Olive Oils Using a Microtiter Plate Reader." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 4169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194169.

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A commercially available microtiter plate reader was applied as a high-throughput counterpart of ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer to identify the producing location of extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs). Multiplicative scatter correction and the first derivative was used to denoise the UV–Vis spectra and eliminate the effects of background drift. The spectra were analyzed using chemometrics methods including the principal component analysis (PCA) and the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The PLS-DA model on full spectra using 5 latent variables showed a classification accuracy of 97.92% by cross-validation. The overall results demonstrated that the use of a UV–Vis spectrophotometer based on the microtiter plate reader combined with chemometrics can be applied to the quality assessment of EVOOs. It is demonstrated that the microtiter plate reader can be a high-throughput tool in the quality assessment of food ingredients.

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33

Reid, N., and C. A. Murray. "Galaxy population structure from proper motions." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 106 (1985): 165–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900242319.

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We are currently engaged in astrometry of Kapteyn Selected Area photographic plates covering the period 1908 to the present day using the GALAXY measuring engine at RGO. Our intention is to use the apparent motions to investigate the stellar velocity structure within a kiloparsec of the Sun. We have completed a preliminary analysis of SA 68 (ℓ = 1110, b = 460), deriving positions and proper motions using the central overlap method on measures of plates spanning the period 1909 to 1980. These include the original (1909) and second epoch (1925) plates taken with the Radcliffe refractor at Oxford, and used in the compilation of the Radcliffe Catalogue (Knox-Shaw and Scott-Barrett, 1934), as well as more recent plates taken using the 26-inch refractor at Herstmonceux. For stars present on all thirteen exposures (including double exposures on the same plate) the internal residuals in positions in each co-ordinate are per plate, giving annual motions accurate to ~1 milli-arcsecond over the 71 year baseline. Since our plates have a limiting magnitude of only B ~15, we have used 17 stars in common with Chiu (1980) to transform our relative motions to the absolute frame. Our motions are in very good agreement with those by Chiu, with a scatter of less than 3 milliarcseconds in each co-ordinate and linearity of scale between the two datasets.

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34

Thome, Pascal, Mike Schneider, Victoria A. Yardley, Eric J. Payton, and Gunther Eggeler. "Crystallographic Analysis of Plate and Lath Martensite in Fe-Ni Alloys." Crystals 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12020156.

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In the present work, we use an advanced EBSD method to analyze the two prominent types of martensite microstructures that are found in the binary Fe-Ni system, lath martensite (27.5 at.% Ni) and plate martensite (29.5 at.% Ni). We modify, document, and apply an analytical EBSD procedure, which was originally proposed by Yardley and Payton, 2014. It analyzes the distributions of the three KSI-angles (ξ1, ξ2, and ξ3, KSI after Kurdjumov and Sachs), which describe small angular deviations between crystal planes in the unit cells of martensite and austenite—which are related through specific orientation relationships. The analysis of the angular distributions can be exploited to obtain high-resolution, color-coded micrographs of martensitic microstructures, which, for example, visualize the difference between lath and plate martensite and appreciate the microstructural features, like midribs in large plate martensite crystals. The differences between the two types of martensite also manifest themselves in different distributions of the KSI-angles (wider for lath and narrower for plate martensite). Finally, our experimental results prove that local distortions result in scatter, which is larger than the differences between the orientation relationships of Kurdjumov/Sachs, Nishiyama/Wassermann, and Greninger/Troiano.

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35

Kamler, Frank, P. Niessen, and R. J. Pick. "Measurement of the behaviour of high-purity copper at very high rates of strain." Canadian Journal of Physics 73, no. 5-6 (May 1, 1995): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p95-041.

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Published measurements describing the high strain rate constitutive behaviour of oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFHC) and commercially pure copper are limited and show considerable scatter. To provide additional data, a direct impact compressive split Hopkinson bar was miniaturized to utilize specimens, 640 μm in diameter and 686 and 292 μm in length. This paper describes the design of this apparatus and results for OFHC copper. Good agreement is shown with results from pressure shear plate impact experiments.

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36

Kędziora, Piotr, and Aleksander Muc. "Fuzzy Set Approach in the Fatigue Damage Analysis of Composite Structures." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 1041–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.1041.

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In this study, the fatigue damage progress is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The cyclic loading causes damage, reducing the strength until the material can no longer sustain even the service loading. The theoretical analysis is associated with the definition of the damage parameter. The detailed analysis is mainly devoted to the consideration of two structural elements, i.e. a rectangular composite plate (made of glass fibre/epoxy resin) with a centrally located circular hole subjected to cyclic tensile and a square plate (made of aramid fiber/epoxy resin) subjected to shear loading. The experiments demonstrate the scatter of results. The fuzzy set analysis has been proposed in order to estimate the uncertainty in the evaluation of critical number of cycles corresponding to the final fatigue damage..

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37

Kobykhno, Ilya, Dmytro Honcharenko, Hong Yu Li, Alexey Leonidovich Steshenkov, Jin Bao Xu, and Vladimir Yadykin. "Friction and Wear Characteristics of UD Thermoplastic Tape Based Nanocomposites with Fullerene Soot." Key Engineering Materials 822 (September 2019): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.822.215.

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A series of unidirectional thermoplastic tapes (UD tapes) specimens based on carbon fibers and polyamide filled with fullerene soot in a concentration of up to 4 wt. % was made. A study of the tribological properties by the 3 Ball on Plate test and Ring on Plate test and was made. Shown that the introduction of fullerene soot up to 2 wt. % decreases scatter of CoF in both ranges of load and velocity. Also, this concentration decreases wear rate almost 2.5 times compare to unfilled specimen. Mechanism of friction and wear was suggested. The obtained tribological results are well consistent with mechanical properties, and agree with previously suggested theory of the effect of fullerene soot on adhesion between polymer and fibers.

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38

Ohms, Carsten, Robert C. Wimpory, and Dimitar Neov. "Residual Stress Measurement by Neutron Diffraction in a Single Bead on Plate Weld - Influence of Instrument and Measurement Settings on the Scatter of the Results." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 2452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.2452.

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Residual stress measurements on a single bead weld on a steel plate had been performed at the High Flux Reactor of the Joint Research Centre in 2003. For these measurements a relatively old diffractometer had been used. The results obtained were characterized by significant scatter of the data, and the measurement quality suffered from the short movement ranges of the specimen positioning table as well. In 2008, a second, nominally identical, specimen from the same activity was investigated on a second diffractometer, which allowed the repetition of the residual stress measurements using different measurement settings. The present paper compares the old and the new measurement results, with a view to assessing the impact of the instrumental settings on their quality. It has been found that the overall stress distributions from the 2003 and the 2008 measurements were in fact very similar. Nevertheless, the new settings used, such as in-situ specimen rocking, extended measurement duration, increased density of measurement positions and spatial resolution among others, have been found to have considerable impact on the real and on the apparent scatter of the experimental results showing that the presented methodologies can be used for improvement of neutron diffraction measurements.

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39

TACHIBANA, MASAYUKI, TAKASHI IZUMI, and MASANORI YOSHINAKA. "Absorption and Scatter with an Acrylic Plate Attached to the Front of an X-ray Beam Limiting Device." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 58, no. 7 (2002): 931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00001364334.

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40

SATO, HIROSHI, TAKAHITO KATANO, YOSHIFUMI NAKAMURA, and YOSHIAKI KITAMURA. "Study of Chest Portable Radiography using Computed Radiography : Removal Effect of X-ray Scatter by a Copper Plate." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 57, no. 4 (2001): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00001357561.

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41

Zheng, Xiu Ting, Hai Jun Wang, Ying Liu, Da Ming Wu, Zhong Li Zhao, and Xiao Xiang He. "Influence of Light Scattering Particles on Optical Properties of Polymer Diffusion Plate." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 984–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.984.

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In order to analyze the influence of scattering particles on the optical properties of light scatter of polymer diffusion plate, we establish the microspheres of scattering particles in mathematical physics model. According to Mie scattering theory, we study the relationship between the scattering intensity distribution and the particle radius, the refractive index and the wavelength of the incident light. The results show that the particle radius is larger and incident wavelength is smaller, scattering intensity distribution is concentrated; the particle refractive index and scattering intensity distribution are not a simple corresponding relationship. At the same time according to the Monte Carlo method, the simulation is also used to analysis the effect that scattering particle concentration, the scattering particle radius and refractive index influence the diffusion plate light transmission rate and uniformity. The result shows that as the particle concentration is greater and transmittance is smaller, uniformity increases first and then decreases. As the particle radius is small, light transmission rate is higher and the particle refractive index is larger, light transmittance increases first and then decreases. But the relationship of the uniformity, the particle radius and the particle refractive index are all not simple corresponding law.

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42

Besong, A. A., Z. M. Jin, and J. Fisher. "Importance of pin geometry on pin-on-plate wear testing of hard-on-hard bearing materials for artificial hip joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 215, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411011536127.

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The contact mechanics between the pin and the plate used in simple wear screening tests were investigated in this study. Both soft-on-hard, such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)-on-metal or UHMWPE-on-ceramic, and hard-on-hard, such as metal-on-metal, bearing couples were considered. The effect of the pin geometry and the misalignment between the pin and the plate were investigated on the predicted contact pressure distribution at the bearing surfaces using the finite element method. It was demonstrated that in the case of soft-on-hard bearing couples, neither the geometrical discontinuity of the pin surface nor the misalignment could cause a significant increase in the contact stress. However, for hard-on-hard combinations, even with a very small misalignment of 0.5° between the pin and the plate, the geometrical discontinuity could lead to a more than tenfold increase in the predicted contact stress. This elevated contact stress may lead to a large scatter in the wear data and, even more importantly, structural damage of the bearing surfaces.

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Wu, Jin Zhong, and Yan Hua Zou. "Study on an Ultra-Precision Plane Magnetic Abrasive Finishing Process by Use of Alternating Magnetic Field." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.985.

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In this paper, a new plane magnetic abrasive finishing process by using alternating magnetic field is proposed to improve the efficiency and surface precision. In alternating magnetic field, the forced direction of magnetic particles is changing. Therefore, magnetic particles could produce the up and down movement, which promote the scatter of magnetic particles , improve the roll of abrasive particles and enhance the utilization of abrasive. In order to know well the magnetic intensity distribution in processing area, measured the magnetic flux density. Finishing force is important to understand the mechanism of material removal, investigated to the finishing force and contrasted to the movement changes of magnetic particles in water-soluble finishing fluid and oily finishing fluid. A set of experimental devices have been designed to realize surface polishing on C2801 brass plate, the results proved the feasibility of this method, which can improve the workpiece surface quality.

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Yao, Guo Wen, Liang Zhou, Zhi Xiang Zhou, and Shi Ya Li. "Study on Pressure-Bending Stress Transfer in the Joint of the Steel-Concrete Composite Arch Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2053.

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Effective combination and carry-loading together between steel and concrete play important roles for the steel-concrete composite structure. The steel-concrete composite joint decides the constructing safety and life-cycle performance as the key member for the steel-concrete composite arch bridge. The stress distribution in the steel-concrete composite joint was studied by model test under pressure-bending load. And the stress transfer was probed in the steel box, composite joint and reinforced concrete box. The result shows that the steel and reinforced concrete boxes are under elastic compression in the steel-concrete composite joint. The bearing plate can effectively reduce the stress in concrete and steel boxes. This plate and stiffener can smoothly transfer and scatter the stress from steel box to concrete box. The failure mode is concrete cracking near the interface between steel box and concrete box under large eccentric compression.

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45

Southon, John, Mahyar Mohtadi, and Ricardo De Pol-Holz. "Planktonic Foram Dates from the Indonesian Arc: Marine 14C Reservoir Ages and a Mythical AD 535 Eruption of Krakatau." Radiocarbon 55, no. 3 (2013): 1164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200048074.

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The Indonesian Arc represents the subduction of the Indian-Australian plate beneath Asia. It has been the scene of catastrophic tectonic activity, including the recent 2004 M=9.1 Aceh earthquake and resulting Indian Ocean tsunami. We have dated planktonic forams associated with historic tephras (Tambora, 1815 and Krakatau, 1883) in marine sediment cores to determine radiocarbon reservoir ages for 2 locations along the arc. Our best estimates for 19th century regional reservoir corrections (ΔR) are +90 ± 40 yr for surface-dwelling species and +220 ± 40 yr for mixed planktic assemblages containing some upper thermocline species, but scatter in the data suggests that past surface reservoir ages may have varied by about ±100 yr. We used the results of this study to investigate a proposed very large AD 535 eruption at or near Krakatau. We find no evidence for ash from such an eruption, and although this is negative evidence, we consider it sufficiently strong to rule out any possibility that one took place.

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Kottmeier, Kirsten, Jost Weber, Carsten Müller, Thomas Bley, and Jochen Büchs. "Asymmetric division ofHansenula polymorphareflected by a drop of light scatter intensity measured in batch microtiter plate cultivations at phosphate limitation." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 104, no. 3 (October 15, 2009): 554–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.22410.

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Kumar, Y. V. Satish, Madhujit Mukhopadhyay, and Tanmay Sarkar. "Long-Term Structural Analysis of 3-D Ship Structures Using a New Stiffened Plate Element." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 123, no. 1 (October 27, 2000): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1336800.

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The paper presents the development of a technique for long-term 3-D structural analysis of the complete ship using a new stiffened plate element. The 3-D analysis involves the 3-D finite element modeling of the vessel and evaluation of hydrodynamic pressures using the 3-D linear diffraction theory. The elegance of the present stiffened plate element is that it can accommodate any number of arbitrarily oriented stiffeners within the plate element. Thus, the formulation obviates the use of mesh lines strictly along the longitudinals and transverses of the ship, which minimizes the required number of degrees of freedom of the finite element model of the complete vessel and reduces the computational effort considerably. The long-term prediction for the worst hydrodynamic pressures in the lifetime of the ship is carried out using the ISSC spectrum and scatter tables of Indian coastal waters. As an example problem, long-term structural analysis of a mini-bulk carrier in Indian coastal waters is presented in the paper. The long-term pressures are estimated with a probability of exceedence of 10−4 and principal stresses are calculated. It is shown that the present method provides a new, elegant, and economic technique for long-term 3-D structural analysis of the complete ship.

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Streit, A., C. D. Stern, C. Thery, G. W. Ireland, S. Aparicio, M. J. Sharpe, and E. Gherardi. "A role for HGF/SF in neural induction and its expression in Hensen's node during gastrulation." Development 121, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 813–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.3.813.

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It was previously shown (Roberts, C., Platt, N., Streit, A., Schachner, M. and Stern, C. D. (1991) Development 112, 959–970) that grafts of Hensen's node into chick embryos enhanced and maintain expression of the L5 carbohydrate in neighbouring epiblast cells, and that antibodies against L5 inhibit neural induction by such a graft. We now show that L5 is initially widely expressed in the epiblast, but as neural induction proceeds it gradually becomes confined to and up-regulated in the early neural plate. L5 can therefore be considered as a marker for cells that are competent to respond to neural induction. We also show that Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor (HGF/SF) promotes the expression of L5 by extraembryonic epiblast in collagen gels after overnight culture. Explants cultured for several days in the presence of HGF/SF, as well as explants of prospective neural plate, can differentiate into cells with neuronal morphology expressing neuronal markers. To investigate whether HGF/SF is expressed in the chick embryo at appropriate stages of development, we produced specific cDNA probes and used them for in situ hybridization. We find that at the primitive streak stage, HGF/SF is expressed specifically in Hensen's node. We therefore propose that HGF/SF plays a role during the early steps of neural induction, perhaps by inducing or maintaining the competence of the epiblast to respond to neural inducing signals.

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Tsai, M. Y., C. H. Chen, and C. S. Lin. "Test Methods for Silicon Die Strength." Journal of Electronic Packaging 128, no. 4 (February 6, 2006): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2351907.

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Recently, the 3D or stacked-die packages become increasingly popular for packaging ICs into a system or subsystem to satisfy the needs of low cost, small form factor, and high performance. For the applications of these packages, IC silicon wafers have to be ground to be relatively thin through the wafer-thinning processes (such as grinding, polishing, and plasma etching). The strength of dies has to be determined for the design requirement and reliability assurance of the packages. From the published data, there still exist some issues, including a large scatter existed in die strength data and difficulties in differentiating the causes of the low strength between from the wafer grinding and from wafer sawing by either the three-point bending or four-point bending test. The purposes of this study are to develop new, reliable, and simple test methods for determination of die strength, in order to improve the data scatter, and to provide a solution for differentiating the factors that affect the variability of die strength for finding out the causes of the weakness of the die strength. In this study, two new test methods, point-loaded circular plate with simple supports test (PLT-I) and point-loaded plate on elastic foundation test (PLT-II), are proposed and then evaluated by testing two groups of silicon dies with different surface conditions. The surface conditions (roughness) of the specimens are determined by atomic force microscopy and correlated to failure strength. The failure forces from both tests have to be modified by using maximum stress obtained from theories or finite element analyses to obtain the failure strength. The test results are compared to each other and further with a widely used four-point bending test. The results suggest that, unlike the four-point bending test suffering the chipping effect, both methods provide very consistent data with a small scatter for each group of specimens and can be used for identifying the effect of surface grinding (roughness) on the die strength. It is also shown that the die strength is highly dependent on the surface roughness. Accordingly, these two methods can provide not only a (biaxial) stress field similar to temperature-loaded die in the packages, but also simple, feasible, reliable, and chipping-free tests for silicon dies of dummy or real IC chips, without strict geometrical limitation, such as beam-type geometry for the three-point or four-point bending test.

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50

Tolstoy, Ivan, and Orest I. Diachok. "Reflection and scatter of acoustic waves from a thin, rough elastic plate on the surface of a fluid: Theory and experiment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 88, no. 4 (October 1990): 2021–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.400177.

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