Academic literature on the topic 'Scaterring'

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Journal articles on the topic "Scaterring"

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Hardman-Rhyne, K. A., K. G. Frase, and N. F. Berk. "Applications of multiple small angle neutron scaterring to studies of ceramic processing." Physica B+C 136, no. 1-3 (January 1986): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4363(86)80061-4.

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W, J. O.-T. "Resonances in Electron-Molecule Scaterring, van der Waals Complexes and Reactive Chemical Dynamics." Journal of Molecular Structure 129, no. 3-4 (July 1985): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(85)80182-4.

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Karinski, Yuri S., and Avraham N. Dancygier. "Effects of fibers and conventional reinforcement contents on fibers scaterring in prismatic bars." Cement and Concrete Composites 86 (February 2018): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.11.013.

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Baibarac, M., N. Preda, L. Mihut, T. Velula, I. Baltog∗, J. Y. Mevellec, and S. Lefrant. "C60 Aggregates in Pyrrolidine and N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinone Evidenced by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scaterring Spectra." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 417, no. 1 (January 2004): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421400490478434.

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Ramona, Fransischa, Dian Milvita, and Fiqi Diyona. "Verifikasi Nilai Dosis Radiasi Berkas Elektron Pesawat LINAC dengan Luas Lapangan Blok Cerrobend (6×6) cm2 dan (8×8) cm2 Berdasarkan Protokol IAEA TRS 398." Jurnal Fisika Unand 9, no. 2 (November 9, 2020): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jfu.9.2.238-243.2020.

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Telah dilakukan penelitian verifikasi nilai dosis radiasi berkas elektron pesawat LINAC dengan luas lapangan blok cerrobend (8×8) cm2, (6×6) cm2 dan tanpa blok (10×10) cm2. Penelitian bertujuan memperoleh nilai dosis radiasi menggunakan blok cerrobend dan tanpa blok agar sesuai dengan dosis radiasi Treatment Planning System (TPS) dan batas toleransi yang ditetapkan protokol IAEA TRS 398 yaitu ±2%. Pada penelitian digunakan energi berkas elektron (4, 6, 9, dan 12) MeV menggunakan slab phantom dengan detektor ionisasi chamber plane parallel. Ketebalan blok cerrobend yang digunakan adalah 1,83 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis radiasi yang dihasilkan menggunakan blok cerrobend lebih tinggi daripada tanpa menggunakan blok cerrobend. Hal ini karena semakin luas ukuran lapangan radiasi, maka akan semakin rendah dosis radiasi yang diterima dan semakin banyak radiasi hambur terjadi. Nilai deviasi dosis radiasi yang terukur pada slab phantom terhadap dosis radiasi TPS masih memenuhi toleransi yang ditetapkan oleh protokol IAEA TRS 398 yaitu -0,81 % sampai dengan 1,36%. Verification of radiation values of instrument LINAC electron beam with field size of the cerrobend block (8×8) cm2, (6×6) cm2and without block (10×10) cm2 has been conducted. This study aims to get the value of radiation dose using cerrobend blocks and without block to equal with dose radiation Treatment Planning System (TPS) and the tolerance limits established protocol IAEA TRS 398 which is ± 2%. The study use electron beam energy (4, 6, 9, and 12) MeV using slab phantom with ionization chamber plane parallel detectors. The thickness of the cerrobend block use 1.83 cm. The results show that using cerrobend block produce a greater dose radiation than without block. This due to the larger the size of the radiation field, the lower the dose received and the more scaterring radiation. Deviation value dose radiation of measurement in slab phantom to dose radiation TPS still within the tolerance by protocol IAEA TRS 398 that is -0.81% to 1.36%.
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BARAMOV, LUBOMÍR, and HIDENORI KIMURA. "Nonlinear L2-gain Suboptimal Control**The original version of this paper was presented at the Third IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control Systems Design, which was held in Tahoe City, CA during 25–28 June 1995. The Published Proceedings of this IFAC meeting may be ordered from: Elsevier Science Limited, The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, U.K. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Henk Nijmeijer under the direction of Editor Tamer Başar.11A successful approach to linear H∞ control based on chain scaterring and J-lossless factorization is extended to nonlinear cases, thus providing a new point of view of nonlinear output feedback L2-gain control." Automatica 33, no. 7 (July 1997): 1247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-1098(97)00044-7.

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"Low dose and high resolution measurements using two-dimensional position sensitive detector with medium energy ion scaterring." Vacuum 41, no. 7-9 (January 1990): 1791–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(90)94092-5.

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Thi Hai Yen, Tran, Le Thi Huyen, Tran Hong Nhung, Le Thi Thu Trang, and Pham Thi Minh Hue. "Impact of Sample Concentration on the Determination of Particle Size of Nano Polymer Particles and Nano Liposomes by Dynamic Light Scattering." VNU Journal of Science: Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 35, no. 2 (December 16, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4181.

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Determination of particles size is important in pharmaceutical research and manufacturing of drug delivery system in nano scale. This study was carried out to evaluate particles size of nano polymer particles, composed of Eudragit RL 100, and nano liposomes, composed of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Dynamic light scaterring was used to determine nano particles size. The results showed that, dilution ratio influenced differently on the determined nanoparticles. Liposomal suspension, which was diluted to count rate less than 170 kcps, had statistically significant larger particle than that, which had greater count rate. Polymer particles, which were diluted to count rate less than 126 had statistically significant larger particles than that, which had greater count rate. Keywords Particle size, nano polymer particle, nano liposomes, dynamic light scattering (DLS). References [1] E.H.M. Sakho, E. Allahyari, O.S. Oluwafemi, S. Thomas, and N. Kalarikkal, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) in: Thermal and rheological measurement techniqus for nanometerials characterization, Elsevier, Europe 2017.[2] V.X. Minh, P.T.M. Hue, Applications of nanotechnology and liposomes in Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, Medical publishing house, Hanoi, 2013 (in Vietnamese).[3] ISO 22412:2017, Particle size analysis - Dynamic light scattering (DLS).[4] J. Panchal, J. Kotarek, E. Marszal, and E.M. Topp, Analyzing Subvisible Particles in Protein Drug Products: a Comparison of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Resonant Mass Measurement (RMM), AAPS J., 16(3) (2014) 440–451. http://doi.org/ 10.1208/s12248-014-9579-6.[5] A. Chaudhury et al, Lyophilization of cholesterol-free PEGylated liposomes and its impact on drug loading by passive equilibration, Int. J. Pharm., 430(1–2) (2012) 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.036.[6] T. Ishida, H. Harashima, and H. Kiwada, Liposome clearance, Biosci. Rep., 22(2) (2002) 197–224. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020134521778.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Scaterring"

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Мельник, Вадим Петрович. "Комп’ютерне моделювання мікроциркуляції крові в організмі людини." Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/25882.

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Магістерська дисертація складається із пояснювальної записки обсягом 90 сторінок та включає 17 ілюстрацій, 16 таблиць, 28 посилань, 2 додатки. Актуальність теми. Сучасна діагностична медицина потребує нових неінвазивних методів дослідження кровотоку. Одним із таких методів є мікроциркуляція крові у організмі людини, що дозволяє отримати дані про швидкість кров’яного току, а знаючи параметри судин, по яким здійснюється рух можна судити про патологічні зміни в них. Метою магістерської дисертації є розрахунок параметрів і характеристик комп’ютерної моделі мікроциркуляції крові. Об’єктом дослідження є модель мікроциркуляції крові в організмі людини. Предметом дослідження є параметри і характеристики мікроциркуляції. крові. Наукова новизна полягає у використанні теорії Мі для сферичних частинок для моделюваня розсіюваного випромінювання від кровотворчих елементів. Практичне значення одержаних результатів. Розроблена модель дозволяє у значній мірі пришвидшити діагносування патологічних змін у крові та судинах організму людини.
Actuality of theme. Modern diagnostive medicine desperately needs new noninvasive methods of blood flow research. One of the most perspective is the microcirculation of blood in the human body, which allows you to get data on the rate of blood flow, and knowing the parameters of the vessels, which is the movement, from that could be judged about pathological changes in them. The purpose of the master's thesis is calculation of the parameters and characteristics of the computer model of microcirculation of blood. The object of the study is the model of microcirculation in the human body. The subject of the study is the parameters and characteristics of the blood microcirculationtion. The scientific novelty is the application of the Mie theory for spherical parts to simulate the scattering of radiation from the blood-forming elements. The practical value of the results. The developed model allows to greatly accelerate the diagnosis of pathological changes in the blood and blood vessels of the human body.
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Guarumo, Johny Alejandro Arteaga. "Amplificação de Laser por Espalhamento Raman Estimulado em um Plasma Frio." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3727.

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Nesta Dissertação são estudadas as condições em que um pulso eletromagnético (semente) é amplificado e comprimido através da interação não linear de três ondas de um plasma. Para isto, foi empregada uma abordagem analítica em que os três modos, fonte-plasma-semente, variam lentamente no tempo e no espaço. Durante a interação dos três modos, a amplitude da fonte é completamente depletada, enquanto que a onda de plasma e o pulso semente se amplificam. Durante este processo, o pulso semente se dividirá num pulso principal, o qual diminui sua largura proporcionalmente com o tempo de interação, e em vários outros pulsos secundários e de largura constante. Observa-se que a saturação do pulso semente ocorre antes que as instabilidades dos tipos lamentação, quebra de onda e espalhamento Raman para frente ocorram. Fazendo uso do código computacional XOOPIC e de acordo com as condições iniciais impostas ao sistema, obtem-se a potência final do pulso semente e a e ciência do processo.
The conditions under which an electromagnetic (seed) pulse is amplified and compressed by nonlinear three wave interaction in a plasma are studied. An analytical approach is used considering the slowly varying, in space and time, envelope amplitudes of the three wave modos (pump-plasma-seed). It is noted that the amplitude of the pump wave is completely depleted during the interaction while the plasma wave and the seed pulse are amplified. During the interaction, the seed pulse is divided into a main pulse, which decreases its width during the interaction, and in many other secondary pulses with constant width. The process of the saturation of the ampli ed seed pulse occurs before the filamentation, plasma wavebreaking and Raman forward scattering instabilities take place. Using the particle simulation code XOOPIC and according to the prescribed initial conditions of the system, the nal power of the seed pulse and the e ficiency of the process are obtained.
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Sevilla, Cárdenas Rubén. "NURBS-Enhanced Finite Element Method (NEFEM)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5857.

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Aquesta tesi proposa una millora del clàssic mètode dels elements finits (finite element method, FEM) per a un tractament eficient de dominis amb contorns corbs: el denominat NURBS-enhanced finite element method (NEFEM). Aquesta millora permet descriure de manera exacta la geometría mitjançant la seva representació del contorn CAD amb non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS), mentre que la solució s'aproxima amb la interpolació polinòmica estàndard. Per tant, en la major part del domini, la interpolació i la integració numèrica són estàndard, retenint les propietats de convergència clàssiques del FEM i facilitant l'acoblament amb els elements interiors. Només es requereixen estratègies específiques per realitzar la interpolació i la integració numèrica en elements afectats per la descripció del contorn mitjançant NURBS.

La implementació i aplicació de NEFEM a problemes que requereixen una descripció acurada del contorn són, també, objectius prioritaris d'aquesta tesi. Per exemple, la solució numèrica de les equacions de Maxwell és molt sensible a la descripció geomètrica. Es presenta l'aplicació de NEFEM a problemes d'scattering d'ones electromagnètiques amb una formulació de Galerkin discontinu. S'investiga l'habilitat de NEFEM per obtenir solucions precises amb malles grolleres i aproximacions d'alt ordre, i s'exploren les possibilitats de les anomenades malles NEFEM, amb elements que contenen singularitats dintre d'una cara o aresta d'un element. Utilitzant NEFEM, la mida de la malla no està controlada per la complexitat de la geometria. Això implica una dràstica diferència en la mida dels elements i, per tant, suposa un gran estalvi tant des del punt de vista de requeriments de memòria com de cost computacional. Per tant, NEFEM és una eina poderosa per la simulació de problemes tridimensionals a gran escala amb geometries complexes. D'altra banda, la simulació de problemes d'scattering d'ones electromagnètiques requereix mecanismes per aconseguir una absorció eficient de les ones scattered. En aquesta tesi es discuteixen, optimitzen i comparen dues tècniques en el context de mètodes de Galerkin discontinu amb aproximacions d'alt ordre.

La resolució numèrica de les equacions d'Euler de la dinàmica de gasos és també molt sensible a la representació geomètrica. Quan es considera una formulació de Galerkin discontinu i elements isoparamètrics lineals, una producció espúria d'entropia pot evitar la convergència cap a la solució correcta. Amb NEFEM, l'acurada imposició de la condició de contorn en contorns impenetrables proporciona resultats precisos inclús amb una aproximació lineal de la solució. A més, la representació exacta del contorn permet una imposició adequada de les condicions de contorn amb malles grolleres i graus d'interpolació alts. Una propietat atractiva de la implementació proposada és que moltes de les rutines usuals en un codi d'elements finits poden ser aprofitades, per exemple rutines per realitzar el càlcul de les matrius elementals, assemblatge, etc. Només és necessari implementar noves rutines per calcular les quadratures numèriques en elements corbs i emmagatzemar el valor de les funciones de forma en els punts d'integració. S'han proposat vàries tècniques d'elements finits corbs a la literatura. En aquesta tesi, es compara NEFEM amb altres tècniques populars d'elements finits corbs (isoparamètics, cartesians i p-FEM), des de tres punts de vista diferents: aspectes teòrics, implementació i eficiència numèrica. En els exemples numèrics, NEFEM és, com a mínim, un ordre de magnitud més precís comparat amb altres tècniques. A més, per una precisió desitjada NEFEM és també més eficient: necessita un 50% dels graus de llibertat que fan servir els elements isoparamètrics o p-FEM per aconseguir la mateixa precisió. Per tant, l'ús de NEFEM és altament recomanable en presència de contorns corbs i/o quan el contorn té detalls geomètrics complexes.
This thesis proposes an improvement of the classical finite element method (FEM) for an efficient treatment of curved boundaries: the NURBSenhanced FEM (NEFEM). It is able to exactly represent the geometry by means of the usual CAD boundary representation with non-uniform rational Bsplines (NURBS), while the solution is approximated with a standard piecewise polynomial interpolation. Therefore, in the vast majority of the domain, interpolation and numerical integration are standard, preserving the classical finite element (FE) convergence properties, and allowing a seamless coupling with standard FEs on the domain interior. Specifically designed polynomial interpolation and numerical integration are designed only for those elements affected by the NURBS boundary representation.

The implementation and application of NEFEM to problems demanding an accurate boundary representation are also primary goals of this thesis. For instance, the numerical solution of Maxwell's equations is highly sensitive to geometry description. The application of NEFEM to electromagnetic scattering problems using a discontinuous Galerkin formulation is presented. The ability of NEFEM to compute an accurate solution with coarse meshes and high-order approximations is investigated, and the possibilities of NEFEM meshes, with elements containing edge or corner singularities, are explored. With NEFEM, the mesh size is no longer subsidiary to geometry complexity, and depends only on the accuracy requirements on the solution, whereas standard FEs require mesh refinement to properly capture the geometry. This implies a drastic difference in mesh size that results in drastic memory savings, and also important savings in computational cost. Thus, NEFEM is a powerful tool for large-scale scattering simulations with complex geometries in three dimensions. Another key issue in the numerical solution of electromagnetic scattering problems is using a mechanism to perform the absorption of outgoing waves. Two perfectly matched layers are discussed, optimized and compared in a high-order discontinuous Galerkin framework.

The numerical solution of Euler equations of gas dynamics is also very sensitive to geometry description. Using a discontinuous Galerkin formulation and linear isoparametric elements, a spurious entropy production may prevent convergence to the correct solution. With NEFEM, the exact imposition of the solid wall boundary condition provides accurate results even with a linear approximation of the solution. Furthermore, the exact boundary representation allows using coarse meshes, but ensuring the proper implementation of the solid wall boundary condition. An attractive feature of the proposed implementation is that the usual routines of a standard FE code can be directly used, namely routines for the computation of elemental matrices and vectors, assembly, etc. It is only necessary to implement new routines for the computation of numerical quadratures in curved elements and to store the value of shape functions at integration points.

Several curved FE techniques have been proposed in the literature. In this thesis, NEFEM is compared with some popular curved FE techniques (namely isoparametric FEs, cartesian FEs and p-FEM), from three different perspectives: theoretical aspects, implementation and performance. In every example shown, NEFEM is at least one order of magnitude more accurate compared to other techniques. Moreover, for a desired accuracy NEFEM is also computationally more efficient. In some examples, NEFEM needs only 50% of the number of degrees of freedom required by isoparametric FEs or p-FEM. Thus, the use of NEFEM is strongly recommended in the presence of curved boundaries and/or when the boundary of the domain has complex geometric details.
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Book chapters on the topic "Scaterring"

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Macaulay, Vincent A., and Brian Buck. "A Fresh Look at Model Selection in Inverse Scaterring." In Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods, 59–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0107-0_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Scaterring"

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E.S. Sampaio, Edson, and Jacob T. Fokkema. "SCATERRING OF PLANE WAVES BY TWO QUARTER-SPACES: ACOUSTIC AND ELETROMAGNETIC CASES." In 1st International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.317.sbgf105.

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