Academic literature on the topic 'Scarcity as Necessity in The Dispossessed'
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Journal articles on the topic "Scarcity as Necessity in The Dispossessed"
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Kirey, Reginald Elias. "Land-Related Conflicts in Uchagga, 1960-2000." Utafiti 13, no. 1 (March 18, 2018): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-01301004.
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Land scarcity and its related conflicts are a serious problem facing the Chagga people of Moshi Rural District in the Kilimanjaro region. The problem started during the colonial period when a massive amount of land was grabbed by the colonial governments and some was acquired by colonial missionaries. As a result, the Chagga were dispossessed of the land they had reserved for future use. Although much of the land alienated by the colonial authorities was nationalised after independence, the problem of land scarcity lingered, due to population pressure. The net result of this situation was an increased incidence of land grabbing, encroachment, eviction, misdistribution of land, and perpetuation of family conflicts including gender-related injustices. Post-colonial agrarian reform policies such as villagization and liberalisation created the tendency to privatize land and intensify the market for it, which exacerbated conflicts over land at the local level. I argue that land scarcity, as a cause of land-related conflicts, resulted not only from population pressure, but also from competitive land use as well as political and cultural factors. My argument is premised on the assumption that the forces behind land-related conflicts in Africa, as observed by Ward Anseeuw and Chris Alden (2010), do not behave logically. The paper sheds light on the complexity of land conflicts by analysing their political, economic, cultural and historical dimensions. The political economy approach, normative quest theory and scarcity school of thought is used to analyse the complexity of the land crisis in Uchagga.
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Ciafone, Amanda. "If “Thanda Matlab Coca-Cola” Then “Cold Drink Means Toilet Cleaner”: Environmentalism of the Dispossessed in Liberalizing India." International Labor and Working-Class History 81 (2012): 114–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547912000075.
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AbstractWith the sudden, almost ubiquitous reentry of The Coca-Cola Company to India during economic liberalization, the branded commodity became a sign of both aspirational global consumer-citizenship for India's urban middle class and of corporate enclosure for those dispossessed of material and symbolic resources to fuel this consumption. Village communities around several of Coca-Cola's rural plants, including in Mehdiganj, Uttar Pradesh, organized against the company's operations, which they accused of exploiting and polluting common groundwater in the production of bottled drinks as an increasing expanse of the country fell into a crisis of water scarcity. This “environmentalism of the poor” has articulated a powerful critique of corporate globalization and privatization, illuminating the exploitation of the resources of the rural poor for the consumption of those on the other side of an increasingly widening economic divide.
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Lyu, Guangzhao. "A Nostalgic Return to the Future: The Utopian Dialectic in Hao Jingfang’s Vagabonds." Utopian Studies 32, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 636–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/utopianstudies.32.3.0636.
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Abstract As one of the most representative writers of contemporary Chinese science fiction, Hao Jingfang is well known for her world-building that blends the characteristics of both utopia and dystopia, especially in Vagabonds. In line with the classic utopian dialectic in Le Guin’s The Dispossessed, Hao Jingfang has also set up two opposing worlds: the libertarian Earth that welcomes market competition and individualistic pursuit for capital and the egalitarian Martian Republic built upon scarcity and under the supervision of a central archive system that provides social welfare and protection. However, neither of the two societies is “perfect” enough to be called a true utopia. People in both societies see the other world as the negation of their own, though this, again, simply traps them in an unending cycle of “negating to negation.” Through such a process of negative hermeneutics, Vagabonds provides a dialectical paradigm with which to interrogate China’s postsocialist transition since the 1990s while invoking a utopian hope for a post-postsocialist alternative for China.
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Fuchs, Christian. "The Utopian Internet, Computing, Communication, and Concrete Utopias: Reading William Morris, Peter Kropotkin, Ursula K. Le Guin, and P.M. in the Light of Digital Socialism." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 18, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 146–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v18i1.1143.
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This paper asks: What can we learn from literary communist utopias for the creation and organisation of communicative and digital socialist society and a utopian Internet? To provide an answer to this question, the article discusses aspects of technology and communication in utopian-communist writings and reads these literary works in the light of questions concerning digital technologies and 21st-century communication. The selected authors have written some of the most influential literary communist utopias. The utopias presented by these authors are the focus of the reading presented in this paper: William Morris’s (1890/1993) News from Nowhere, Peter Kropotkin’s (1892/1995) The Conquest of Bread, Ursula K. Le Guin’s (1974/2002) The Dispossessed, and P.M.’s (1983/2011; 2009; 2012) bolo’bolo and Kartoffeln und Computer (Potatoes and Computers). These works are the focus of the reading presented in this paper and are read in respect to three themes: general communism, technology and production, communication and culture. The paper recommends features of concrete utopian-communist stories that can inspire contemporary political imagination and socialist consciousness. The themes explored include the role of post-scarcity, decentralised computerised planning, wealth and luxury for all, beauty, creativity, education, democracy, the public sphere, everyday life, transportation, dirt, robots, automation, and communist means of communication (such as the “ansible”) in digital communism. The paper develops a communist allocation algorithm needed in a communist economy for the allocation of goods based on the decentralised satisfaction of needs. Such needs-satisfaction does not require any market. It is argued that socialism/communism is not just a post-scarcity society but also a post-market and post-exchange society.
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Bernault, Florence. "Suitcases and the Poetics of Oddities: Writing History from Disorderly Archives." History in Africa 42 (May 29, 2015): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2015.5.
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AbstractI argue here against two things: fetishizing the power and wholesomeness of colonial archives, and equating the scarcity of post-1960 repositories with new difficulties to write the past of Africa. Instead, I suggest the productive power of odd findings, and the necessity for historians to trust the energy of heterodox pieces to create original and meaningful historical narratives.
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Mahmoud, Mahgoub El-Tigani. "Pan-African Judgments on the Gulf Investments in Oppressive Governments." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 13 (May 31, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n13p1.
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The African ancient civilizations played influential roles in global trade and power relations; in recent histories and contemporary times, persistent failures of dependent economies and political leaderships underdeveloped the continent by oppression and manipulative investments. Focusing on the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, our paper applied a Pan-Africanist framework to assess the impact of Gulf States’ investments on the African setting. The paper stressed the predetermined cycle of investments that exchanged massive flows of the collected and/or accumulated surpluses into the Gulf, Chinese, and other foreign investors, whereas the poorest African most targeted recipients were the least benefitted. Despite the ambiguity and scarcity of accessible information on the Gulf/African businesses, we have heavily drawn available facts from United Nations and international sources, as well as critical views by Pan- African scholars, human rights’ activists, and political opponents. To ensure sustainable development free of exploitation and abuse of authority for the African peoples, foreign investors should avoid the past colonial and/or neocolonial ventures that dispossessed the land and manpower of the Continent, reinstated wealth-and-power thirst rulers in authoritative systems of rule, and impoverished indigenous farmers and the low-income workers and professionals with lasting poverty.
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Henckens, M. L. C. M., P. P. J. Driessen, and E. Worrell. "Metal scarcity and sustainability, analyzing the necessity to reduce the extraction of scarce metals." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 93 (December 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.09.012.
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Alderson, L. "Criteria for the recognition and prioritisation of breeds of special genetic importance." Animal Genetic Resources Information 33 (April 1999): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s101423390000537x.
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SummaryThe State of the World survey of animal genetic resources (SoWAnGR) has highlighted the necessity to reconcile the varying systems applied by different organisations for the identification and categorisation of endangered breeds of livestock. Currently, many of these systems are irreconcilable. In particular, there is a need to interpret national breed populations in the context of their international population. Rare Breeds International has developed and applied a system which overcomes these problems, and which coincides with criteria applied by FAO. The system utilises three criteria, namely distinctiveness, local adaptation, and numerical scarcity. Numerical scarcity is measured preferentially by the number of annual female registrations rather than the number of breeding females. The system embodies simplicity, accuracy and effectiveness, based on global data, and will enable more effective interpretation of SoWAnGR reports.
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Leinweber, Peter, Ulrich Bathmann, Uwe Buczko, Caroline Douhaire, Bettina Eichler-Löbermann, Emmanuel Frossard, Felix Ekardt, et al. "Handling the phosphorus paradox in agriculture and natural ecosystems: Scarcity, necessity, and burden of P." Ambio 47, S1 (November 20, 2017): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-0968-9.
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singha, Sumeru. "WATER QUALITY AND SECURITY." International journal of multidisciplinary advanced scientific research and innovation 2, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53633/ijmasri.2022.2.3.001.
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Water security has been defined as "the reliable availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, livelihoods and production, coupled with an acceptable level of water-related risks" It is realized to the degree that water scarcity is non-existent, or has been decreased or eliminated, and to the degree that floods and contamination of freshwater supplies are non-threatening. Water security is considered to be a necessity of sustainable development for its importance in the quality of life of the people in a region. Sustainable development would result in lowered poverty and increased living standards for those most susceptible to the impacts of insecure water resources in the region, especially women and children. By clearly defining the responsibilities and control over water management for high usage sectors in terms of finance, planning, agriculture, energy, industry, and health, development may progress to the point of sustainable living for all. Keywords: Water quality, security, scarcity, water conservation, contamination, floods
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Scarcity as Necessity in The Dispossessed"
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Iguíñiz, Echeverria Javier María. "Tres conceptos de escasez." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116845.
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We suggest the need to distinguish between three types of scarcity: absolute, relative and comparative. In this way we relate scarcity to the three main components of the economy: production, exchange and distribution. During the XX century, scarcity has been, by far, mainly used to deal with the second.Nuestra propuesta es distinguir entre tres tipos de escasez: la absoluta, la relativa y la comparativa. De esta manera asociamos la escasez a los tres aspectos o procesos de la economía: la producción, el intercambio y la distribución. A lo largo del siglo XX, en la teoría económica, el concepto de escasez ha sido tan central como unilateral pues solo ha sido tratado en relación al segundo de los aspectos.
Books on the topic "Scarcity as Necessity in The Dispossessed"
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Upton, MS. Rich and Diverse Fauna. CSIRO Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643104860.
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This volume is the first comprehensive account of the formation of CSIRO Entomology and the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC) and covers the growth of this national collection over its first 65 years.
In 1927, Robin John Tillyard stated that "the future of Australian entomology depends to a large extent on the gathering together of a really national collection." On taking charge of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research's entomological work in 1928, he set up the Division of Economic Entomology in which he saw the need for 'extensive collections', and the national insect collection was born.
A Rich and Diverse Fauna deals with the difficulties facing the establishment of research in Australia due to the scarcity of adequately trained staff and reveals the problems caused by Tillyard in the early days. Despite these, however, it shows that Tillyard laid the foundations of a Division that has withstood the test of time. He recognised the necessity of combining taxonomy and its associated collections with other entomological disciplines in order to provide a sound base for applied entomological research.
The book covers the building of the first laboratory for CSIRO's Division of Entomology and the recruitment of the taxonomic staff, together with the various early collecting expeditions and surveys. It records the tireless efforts of Bill Brandt collecting in New Guinea and the trials and tribulations confronting the early curators of the collection. It also details some of the major collections acquired or donated to the ANIC, records the major field surveys undertaken by the ANIC staff in the 1970s and covers the involvement of the taxonomists in the dispute over the legislation restricting the export of insect holotypes.
Richly illustrated, the book contains a comprehensive index together with a bibliography of more than 600 references.
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Elam, J. Daniel, ed. Aesthetics and Politics in the Global South. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350302587.
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This digital collection brings together aesthetic and political writing from across the non-European and postcolonial world. It includes writing from South East Asia, South Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It is the first collection to bring these texts together, and, in many cases, the first time that many of these writings have been considered properly as ‘philosophy’. The range of writings demonstrate that, over the last century, political and aesthetic thought owes its existence and vibrancy to the imaginations of anticolonial thinkers, Third World feminists, and Caribbean poets. The thinkers represented here offer visions of decoloniality, a world without casteism or racism, and a world of global equality – while never losing sight of the ever-shifting Realpolitik of the world they inhabit, especially during the Cold War. Some of them were recognised as ground-breaking thinkers. Others have been dismissed as naïve utopianists or blood-thirsty revolutionaries. Together they offer a more complete picture of global thought, one that is committed to including voices which have previously been excluded, or people who have been pushed from the centres to the margins. These writers offer us a vocabulary of xenophilia that allows us to move beyond exhausted (and exhausting) ways of thinking based on limitedness, scarcity, and finitude. By focusing on work by thinkers and writers who were active outside of the North Atlantic and European world, by bringing together figures who were writing in response to the global dominance of this world, this collection extends and challenges our understanding of twentieth-century philosophical inquiry. Aesthetics and Politics in the Global South refuses to demarcate rigid boundaries of ‘aesthetics’ and ‘politics’ because the task is impossible. To create a new world is neither neatly political nor neatly aesthetic, but rather messily both. New worlds require new ways of writing and many of the works here are attempts to articulate a new aesthetics in the service of a politics not yet imaginable. The texts included here are not only a necessity for people interested in Third World political and aesthetic thought; they are necessary for reminding students of European philosophy of its wildly global roots and routes.
Book chapters on the topic "Scarcity as Necessity in The Dispossessed"
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Mmopelwa, Gagoitseope, Moses Festo Towongo, Thato Setambule, and Fridah Mashabila. "Water Scarcity and Household Coping Strategies in Maun, Botswana." In Advances in Geospatial Technologies, 128–37. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3440-2.ch008.
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Water is basic necessity for life, and in many parts of the world its demand exceeds supply due to socio-economic and environmentally related factors. The village of Maun located in north western Botswana, also known as the headquarters of numerous safari and air-charter operations who run tourism related trips into the Okavango Delta, faces persistent water shortage in spite of its location in an area where surface is abundant. Water shortage has had dire impacts on livelihoods of Maun residents and other economic activities. This study investigated the nature of the water scarcity problem in Maun village. The specific objectives of the study were 1) to investigate the causes of water shortage in Maun, 2) to determine the effects of water scarcity on households, and 3) to determine coping strategies for water shortage in Maun. Data was gathered through interviewing households located in a site severely impacted by the problem. Key informant interviews were also held with water supply authorities at the Department of water Affairs in Maun. This study revealed that water scarcity problem in Maun emanates not from environmental constraints, but rather from poor planning by water supply authorities.
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Singh, Alok Kumar, Ashish Pandey, Devendra Kumar, Reshu Chaudhary, Rakesh Singh Sengar, Ashutosh Singh, Nisha Malik, Narendra Singh, Aditi Chatterjee, and D. K. Dwivedi. "Green Biotechnology." In Handbook of Research on Green Technologies for Sustainable Management of Agricultural Resources, 215–26. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8434-7.ch014.
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In this era, agriculture is one of the central issue. In the world where scarcity and ailments associated with malnourishment is high and anticipated to extend within the future, new approaches have to be necessitated. Traditional techniques alone cannot meet the obligatory measures hence alternative measures need to be created. Thus, green biotechnology is the crucial requirement. Therefore, this paper narrates the significance of green biotechnology to cope with future challenges, emphasizing the applications of the techniques and the necessity for its implementation.
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Goldrick, James. "All Should be “A” Teams." In Decision in the Atlantic, 150–68. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9781949668001.003.0007.
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This chapter by James Goldrick examines the creation of a sophisticated learning and training system for the anti-U-boat war, which is one of the most significant elements of the Atlantic campaign, critical to the effectiveness of the escort units of the RN and RCN. This system's development took place as both services were forced to adapt rapidly to profound changes in their operational environments. That development faced many challenges, not only from a scarcity of resources, but from the necessity to develop sufficient understanding of the problem. The "master-apprentice" culture of professionalization managed through long service would not serve under the pressure of the oceanic small-ship war. The effort had to be industrialized. Acceptable levels of collective efficiency only became possible when the right equipment and training assets, sufficiently – even if barely – experienced personnel, and proven tactical doctrine could be brought together to provide the necessary fidelity within the training experience. From the outset, this would always be a much more complex and resource-intensive operation than the straightforward working-up of individual units.
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Tyagi, Sumedha. "The TVET Scenario and Challenges Faced by the SAARC Nations." In Technical Education and Vocational Training in Developing Nations, 107–27. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1811-2.ch006.
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The chapter aimed at examining the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) issues across South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries with a view to understanding current scenario and challenges faced by them in terms of skilling their population in order to reap demographic dividend. It helped comprehend the skill issue in the context of globalization and sought to scrutinize how the skilling efforts that have moved on to central stage in all countries are regarded an important growth driver in knowledge based globalized economy. It explored the theme in a much wider context across nations and clearly brings out that these nations have a scarcity of trained workforce resulting in low work productivity, inadequately trained faculty, irrelevance of course content low industry involvement in TVET and terribly low institutional training capacity, TVET systems being too supply driven and far-removed from market demand. The chapter's inquiry based on primary data collected from the National Capital Region of India revealed this phenomenon clearly. The methodology combined both primary data with that of secondary data to support our hypotheses formulated in the study. The study has direct policy implications to India and other SAARC countries that the challenges to provide skill training are enormous in view of its complexity and heterogeneity of labour force. Continuous up gradation of skills is, therefore, paramount necessity in the context of globalized milieu. Unless numerous technical and vocational courses are qualitatively improved to make them marketable, these would continue to become less relevant to the needs of market.
Conference papers on the topic "Scarcity as Necessity in The Dispossessed"
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Xu, Xiao-fei, Wei-hua Yang, and Yan-juan Cui. "The necessity of PPP application in alleviating public funds scarcity under Chinese population aging." In 2012 International Symposium on Management of Technology (ISMOT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismot.2012.6679486.
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Ayzel, Georgy, and Georgy Ayzel. "RUNOFF CALCULATIONS FOR UNGAUGED RIVER BASINS OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC REGION." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b942c3ef891.78763761.
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Arctic coastal systems are very sensitive to the freshwater budget mainly formed by river runoff. Great biases in estimation of total river runoff load to the Arctic Ocean proposed by the number of various scientific groups and insufficiency of physically-based, short-term, spatially diverse runoff predictions lead to strong necessity of state-of-art hydrological techniques implementation. At the moment the most powerful tools for the land hydrological cycle modeling are physically-based, conceptual or data-driven models. Better model – wider sources of hydrometeorological and landscape-related information we need to use to perform robust calculations. Severe climatic conditions of Arctic coastal region have led to weak river runoff monitoring net and a high level of uncertainties related to difficulties of direct measurements. There is the reason we need to develop modern techniques that allow providing effective runoff predictions by state-of-art models in the case of strong research data scarcity (for ungauged basins). Early stage of research aimed to coupling of conceptual hydrological model, cutting edge machine learning techniques and various sources of geographical data will be proposed with the call for intensification of cross-disciplinary research activities for the Arctic region sustainable development and safety.
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Rincon, Luis F., Álvaro Viviescas, Gustavo Chio, Edison Osorio, and Carlos Riveros. "Comparative analysis for monitoring long-term behavior of box girder bridges in Colombia." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2114.
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<p>The use of prestressed concrete (PSC) box girder bridges built by segmentally balanced cast-in-place cantilevers has spread massively due to noticeable advantages over traditional. However, excessive deflections have been observed in 10-years old constructed bridges worldwide which have been designed based on old international code standards that underestimated rheological effects. To guarantee 100-year design life of bridges, it is necessary to have a periodic monitoring system that validates in-service performance. In Colombia there is a necessity to study in-service performance of this type of bridges after its construction, which is the main solution for structures with spans ranging from 80 m to 200 m, therefore this study seeks to propose a procedure to estimate the long-time behavior of box girder bridges in Colombia considering construction data scarcity. Therefore, altimetry data measured from a newly constructed bridge is collected, and the rheological effects of the structure are predicted using models previously developed and validated. Finally, a comparative analysis is carried out and guidelines are provided to propose a practical monitoring framework that guarantees adequate in-service bridge performance.</p>
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Ayzel, Georgy, and Georgy Ayzel. "RUNOFF CALCULATIONS FOR UNGAUGED RIVER BASINS OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC REGION." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43153ca352.
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Arctic coastal systems are very sensitive to the freshwater budget mainly formed by river runoff. Great biases in estimation of total river runoff load to the Arctic Ocean proposed by the number of various scientific groups and insufficiency of physically-based, short-term, spatially diverse runoff predictions lead to strong necessity of state-of-art hydrological techniques implementation. At the moment the most powerful tools for the land hydrological cycle modeling are physically-based, conceptual or data-driven models. Better model – wider sources of hydrometeorological and landscape-related information we need to use to perform robust calculations. Severe climatic conditions of Arctic coastal region have led to weak river runoff monitoring net and a high level of uncertainties related to difficulties of direct measurements. There is the reason we need to develop modern techniques that allow providing effective runoff predictions by state-of-art models in the case of strong research data scarcity (for ungauged basins). Early stage of research aimed to coupling of conceptual hydrological model, cutting edge machine learning techniques and various sources of geographical data will be proposed with the call for intensification of cross-disciplinary research activities for the Arctic region sustainable development and safety.
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Kuang, Lichun, Jiangwen Xu, Xinjun Mao, Chaofeng Chen, Xuebin Li, Tobias Judd, Yuan Liu, Liu Hai, and Jing Li. "Evaluating Vertical and Horizontal Well Potential of Tight Oil Exploratory Wells in the Jimusaer Field." In SPE Middle East Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-172916-ms.
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Abstract The necessity to exploit hydrocarbon resources further down the resource triangle has resulted in the industry attempting to evaluate large and more-challenging resource plays due to the scarcity of conventional reserves. The Jimusaer field, located in the Junggar basin in western China, represents such a scenario and covers a surface area exceeding 300,000 acres with a targeted reservoir thickness of 650 ft located between 9,100 and 14,500 ft true vertical depth (TVD). Typical exploration programs include extensive data collection of reservoir and hydrocarbon properties with respect to structural location. The assessment and evaluation of such data improve the understanding of the subsurface uncertainties and associated risk. In Junggar basin, given the uncertainty in well productivity, increased attention to the hydraulic fracturing process was required. The process, which included the application and combination of several types of technology, was built upon and optimized through the initial 28 vertical wells. To further improve well performance, long horizontal laterals combined with multistage hydraulic fracturing were needed to provide proof of commercial productivity and subsequent field development, which, for several years, was not thought to be possible. Based on the initial vertical well results, three horizontal wells were designed based upon the improved reservoir understanding. This phase was meant to further advance the understanding of the subsurface and completion and stimulation technologies while identifying areas for future productivity improvement. Finally, the unique geological properties of this reservoir required different strategies and technology deployment to make them viable and sustainable in terms of reservoir and completion quality factors. The successful application of a locally developed technology plan and pilot program through a multidisciplinary approach further demonstrated the suitability of a given technology with the lessons learned being captured and incorporated into future well designs.
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Langkamer, Marcos Filipe Bueno, Fabiana Nunes de Carvalho Mariz, Carolina Barbosa Carvalho do Carmo, Luis Regagnan Dias, Adriany Brito Sousa, Nicole Nogueira Cardoso, Cristhiane Campos Marques de Oliveira, and Carla Nunes de Araújo. "Association between the use of dating apps and sexually transmitted infections among college students: a literature review." In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p122.
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Introduction: Although dating applications (apps) have become increasingly popular, there is a scarcity of information regarding the sexual behavior implications among young adults. Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between the use of dating apps and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among college students. Methods: A literature review was conducted to examine the influence of dating apps usage by college students on risky sexual behavior. The search for suitable studies was carried out on March 2021 with the research database PubMed using the following keywords: sexually transmitted infections, dating applications, sexual behavior, and college students. Studies published during the past 5 years were included. Results: Five articles met the inclusion criteria. The use of dating apps was associated with more sexual partners and the frequency of having multiple sexual partners was higher for men. Besides, men who used dating apps had a lower protective attitude than those who did not use dating apps. In contrast, female dating app users had a higher protective attitude. Most women requested the use of a condom. Moreover, there is an association between being a user of dating apps and having unprotected sexual intercourse with more lifetime sexual partners and having a casual sex partner without using a condom in their sexual intercourse experience. They were less likely to have condom use consistently and more likely not to have used condoms the last time they had sexual intercourse. Not having a condom or trust/repeated encounters and not realizing the necessity of using condoms in sexual intercourse were some of the reasons for unsafe sex. Conclusion: The use of dating apps seems to be associated with a high number of sexual partners and unprotected sexual intercourse, which can be associated with higher susceptibility to STI. University education about risky behaviors and STI is imperative.
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Wong, Kau-Fui Vincent, and Guillermo Amador. "Power Generation for the Near Future." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37714.
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As society continues advancing into the future, more energy is required to supply the increasing population and energy demands. Unfortunately, traditional forms of energy production through the burning of carbon-based fuels are dumping harmful pollutants into the environment, resulting in detrimental, and possibly irreversible, effects on our planet. The burning of coal and fossil fuels provides energy at the least monetary cost for countries like the US, but the price being paid through their negative impact of our atmosphere is difficult to quantify. A rapid shift to clean, alternative energy sources is critical in order to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. For alternative energy sources to replace traditional energy sources that produce greenhouse gases, they must be capable of providing energy at equal or greater rates and efficiencies, while still functioning at competitive prices. The main factors hindering the pursuit of alternative sources are their high initial costs and, for some, intermittency. The creation of electrical energy from natural sources like wind, water, and solar is very desirable since it produces no greenhouse gases and makes use of renewable sources—unlike fossil fuels. However, the planning and technology required to tap into these sources and transfer energy at the rate and consistency needed to supply our society comes at a higher price than traditional methods. These high costs are a result of the large-scale implementation of the state-of-the-art technologies behind the devices required for energy cultivation and delivery from these unorthodox sources. On the other hand, as fossil fuel sources become scarcer, the rising fuel costs drive overall costs up and make traditional methods less cost effective. The growing scarcity of fossil fuels and resulting pollutants stimulate the necessity to transition away from traditional energy production methods. Currently, the most common alternative energy technologies are solar photovoltaics (PVs), concentrated solar power (CSP), wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, tidal, wave, and nuclear. Because of government intervention in countries like the US and the absence of the need to restructure the electricity transmission system (due to the similarity in geographical requirements and consistency in power outputs for nuclear and traditional plants), nuclear energy is the most cost competitive energy technology that does not produce greenhouse gases. Through the proper use of nuclear fission electricity at high efficiencies could be produced without polluting our atmosphere. However, the initial capital required to erect nuclear plants dictates a higher cost over traditional methods. Therefore, the government is providing help with the high initial costs through loan guarantees, in order to stimulate the growth of low-emission energy production. This paper analyzes the proposal for the use of nuclear power as an intermediate step before an eventual transition to greater dependence on energy from wind, water, and solar (WWS) sources. Complete dependence on WWS cannot be achieved in the near future, within 20 years, because of the unavoidable variability of these sources and the required overhaul of the electricity transmission system. Therefore, we look to nuclear power in the time being to help provide predictable power as a means to reduce carbon emissions, while the other technologies are refined and gradually implemented in order to meet energy demand on a consistent basis.