Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Scapegoat'
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Vance, Ray Alan. "The meaning and significance of the scapegoat /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.
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Li, P. "Who on Earth is the scapegoat of climate dilemma." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26652.
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Oduro, Charles F. "Ama Ata Aidoo's Anowa: The Irony of a Scapegoat." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1322073266.
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Gordon, Eleanor. "The nomadic scapegoat : the criminalisation and victimisation of gypsies." Thesis, Bangor University, 1998. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-nomadic-scapegoat--the-criminalisation-and-victimisation-of-gypsies(5d29e7b4-c61b-4b32-8a44-6ffe12fc0033).html.
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An ethnographic analysis of the nature, extent and processes of anti-Gypsy discrimination in contemporary Britain is used to test a number of hypotheses: that nomads are at odds with practices of social control and with capitalist spatiality; that there exists a sedentarist bias within the Criminal Justice System; that the criminalisation of minority groups is socially and politically functional. Qualitative research techniques are used to address escalating anti-Gypsy attacks from local, institutional and legislative sources. It is proposed that, in accordance with this escalation, a vicious circle has been established with each form of attack encouraging and legitimising the other. The argument is that the victimisation of Gypsies will remain "legitimate" for as long as Gypsies remain synonymous with crime. Current legislation endorses the stereotype of the criminal Gypsy by outlawing a nomadic way of life. This has genocidal implications for Gypsies and also threatens others within a State that is looking for reasons to restrict freedoms and rights. The so-called "Gypsy problem" is therefore deconstructed with the research focus placed upon problematising the law and the agencies of social control. This should avoid the paradox of attempting to decriminalise Gypsies by associating them more fully within the discourse of crime, and will broaden the research relevance. The analysis begins with a discussion of the poor condition of public sites and the decreasing likelihood of gaining planning permission for private sites. The concluding chapter disputes the pluralistic and democratic character of Britain and questions the reality of "freedom of movement" within the EU.
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Williams, Corinne. "The Untold Story Behind California's Scapegoat: An Analysis of Proposition 13." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/27.
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The California experience previous to the passage of Proposition 13 taught the citizens of California that even with representation, the freedoms of individuals could be threatened. This lesson is especially true when we see the assessment scandals, a rapidly increasing real estate market and the failure of California’s representative officials to respond to the threat to individual liberty. In addition to watching corrupt tax assessors take advantage of the system, individuals were tired of paying inflated property taxes that were changing drastically from year to year. People’s homes were literally being taken from them by the power of the tax collector. This strongly deviated from the initial founding of our nation that was supposed to be “of the people, by the people and for the people.” While few people initially expected Proposition 13 to pass, ultimately it passed with 64.8 percent of the vote. The initiative process in California gave individuals the opportunity to make a constitutional amendment to the California Constitution in regards to the taxation processes of the government. With the passage of Proposition 13, the citizens of California made their statement.
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Brewer, Philip. "Pollution, Purification, and the Scapegoat: Religion and Violence in the Trial of Socrates." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1512.
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Despite its wide and unfortunate neglect (if it is even noticed at all), the fact that the date of Socrates' trial coincided with Athens's annual sacrificial festival (Thargelia) is of paramount significance for an interpretation not only of Plato's Apology but also of the historical trial itself. The argument presented here is that Socrates' prosecution and execution was, quite so, an expression of a sacrificial logic, which holds, mistakenly, that a single individual can be held responsible for a social crisis. The sacrificial narrative, then--a narrative implicitly put into play by that ominous trial date--would have located Socrates as the single source of the concomitant Athenian crises at play in the devastating aftermath of the Peloponnesian war. In fact, Plato's Apology can be, and perhaps must be, read as an elaboration on this sacrificial narrative. Yet, Plato turns the narrative on its head; by casting Socrates not only as the archetypal, "polluted" pharmakos but also as the willing scapegoat, Plato has Socrates enact a deadly confrontation between Socratic and Athenian values. Socrates' trial, this thesis argues, was not simply about crime and punishment; this was a trial about communal crisis and communal redemption. We must consider, then, not simply the trial of Socrates, but the sacrifice of Socrates
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Lind, Adam. "De små stegens tyranni : En studie av Sverigedemokraternas förhållande till islam." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44677.
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The aim of this essay was to determine 1. How Muslims were described in the Sweden Democrats official magazine and 2. What the purpose with their descriptions could be. The material, the SD-Courier was chosen due to it being an official magazine that was easily accessible. A hermeneutic method was used where each article selected was read several times to create a greater understanding for the material and the phenomenon within. Several articles, nine out of 485, mentioned Islam and Muslims. The description of Muslims and Islam was exclusively negative in that most authors and articles tried to describe Muslims and Islam as a threat. The threat ranged between a local threat, threatening Sweden as a whole and finally threatening the entire Western civilization. The reasons for the descriptions can be several. By creating stereotypes of Muslims as evil the Sweden Democrats create a stereotype of themselves as the “good guys”. By doing so they also create an opportunity for recruiting new members to the party. Another reason is the assignment of blame. Muslims become the scapegoat for problems in society which may lack obvious solutions.
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Burt, Michael L. "The scapegoat ([ʻăzāʹzēl]) and Christ the historical significance and the symbolic relevance to Christ /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1999. http://www.tren.com.
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Grunnet, Erika C. Hooghe Liesbet. "The Italian media's latest scapegoat youth and urban insecurity, especially in Siena and Catania /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1296.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Apr. 25, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science, Concentration Trans-Atlantic Studies." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.
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Grunnet, Erika C. "The Italian media's latest scapegoat youth and urban insecurity, especially in Siena and Catania /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1447372.
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Biggs, Jenny Catherine. "Rumor mongering: scapegoating techniques for social cohesion and coping among the Japanese-Americans in United States internment camps during World War II." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85989.
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This thesis examines the linkages between the verbal response to social stress,
the ostracism of individuals from a social group, and the subsequent increased cohesion
of the remaining members. To write the thesis, I utilized these printed references in the
forms of scholarly research, journals, diaries, and interviews primarily from the Texas
A&M Sterling Evans Library and the online journal resource JSTOR as well as a video
documentary. Previous research into the genres of rumor, identity, and scapegoat
accusations are explicated. Then, these approaches are applied to the rumors told by the
Japanese-Americans who were removed from their homes and sent to internment camps
in the United States during World War II. The internment camps were rife with
scapegoat accusations between the internees whose once unified culture group was
fissured along lines of loyalty to the United States or to Japan. These scapegoat
accusations against fellow internees were an outlet for the stress exerted upon them by
the American government that was not directly combatable. Even processes as complicated as changing social dynamics can be observed through the mechanisms of
rumors and scapegoat accusations.
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Kuroiwa-Lewis, Nathalie Marie. "Oedipus, Runaway Planes, and the Violence of the Scapegoat: A Burkean Analysis of Catharsis in the Rhetoric of Tragedy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193741.
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In this dissertation, I develop a theory of rhetorical catharsis and apply this theory primarily to George W. Bush's rhetoric of the War on Terror in Iraq. Contrary to the standard Aristotelian perspective of catharsis as the "purging of pity and fear" that brings relief and resolution to an audience, I turn to Kenneth Burke's claim that catharsis is tied to the scapegoating process and argue that catharsis is the purging and projection of one's trauma to a victim who serves as the sacrificial vessel for one's pain. I thus redefine catharsis as the purging of trauma that plays a key role in catharsis and leads to the victimage and scapegoating of the Other in language and public life.To explore how rhetorical catharsis functions in language use, I analyze the concept of a rhetorical catharsis through literature, presidential rhetoric, and print media and show how catharsis operates in the rhetoric of war, particularly that of President Bush's war on terror in Iraq. In addition to Kenneth Burke, I draw on scholars such as Rene Girard, Deborah Willis, Terry Eagleton, Robert Ivie, Allen Carter, Robert McChesney, and Bartholomew Sparrow, among many others. I argue that communities experiencing tragedy use language to name people and entire nations as the scapegoat for their ills.By understanding how language makes possible the victimage and scapegoating of vasts groups of people and even entire nations in times of national trauma, I offer ways of speaking about trauma that may help redirect the violent impulse of catharsis.
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Muyo, Joshua Ngwalem. "The scapegoat sacrifice in Leviticus 16 and the Nefo'o ritual of the Bafut of Cameroon." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52574.
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Thesis (DTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2001ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The dissertation aims to establish to what extent the Old Testament could be interpreted from an African perspective, using the scapegoat sacrifice in Leviticus 16 and the Nefo'o ritual of the Bafut of Cameroon as relevant examples. Because sacrificial practice was a normal occurrence in the religions of the Israelites (Old Testament) and those of other nations - and African society in particular - questions are raised that require urgent answers, namely: Is it possible to identify any elements of sacrifice from the African background, and specifically the Nefo'o ritual of the Bafut of Cameroon, which may facilitate the theological interpretation and understanding of the Old Testament. The approach employed is a qualitative methodology with the sub-category of participant observation. We also used a socio-rhetorical interpretation approach to the Old Testament text of Leviticus 16. When the above-mentioned two rituals are compared, they portray aspects of both similarities and dissimilarities. The work has been divided into the following seven chapters: Chapter one introduces the topic through the identification and the development of the problem. Some concepts and keywords from the title are discussed in the contexts of the Bafut of Cameroon and ancient Israel. Chapter two provides the background to the Nefo'o ritual of the Bafut of Cameroon, tracing both the origins of the Bafut people and the Nefo'o ritual. The Bukari people, the aborigines of the tribe and the seat of the Nefo'o shrine are highlighted. Chapter three presents a survey of sacrifices in West Africa, the ancient Near East and Israel. Special attention is reserved to the sacrificial systems of the ancient Israelites. Chapter four gives a brief introduction to the Pentateuch with special treatment of the modern trends in the study of the pentateuchal sources and the theologies of the authors. This is to situate the book of Leviticus in the Pentateuch with which we are concerned. Chapter five presents an introduction to the book of Leviticus and examines its significance among the other pentateuchal books. Attention is given to certain recurrent theological themes in the book and its implication for Leviticus chapter 16. Chapter six provides a socio-rhetorical interpretation of the text of Leviticus 16, with special attention to the establishment of the Day of Atonement and the scapegoat sacrifice. Specific attention was paid to the significance of atonement in Lev. 16. Chapter seven compares the scapegoat sacrifice of Leviticus 16 and the Nefo'o ritual of the Bafut of Cameroon. This is followed by a theological interpretation of the Nefo'o ritual and a summary of the results and conclusions. African theologians - whose own cultures possess a great deal of ritual practices - have not given enough attention to a contextual interpretation of the Scriptures of the Old Testament. The biblical faith has to exist among African Traditional Religions and other cultural practices. Some contextual interpretation of the Scriptures of the Old Testament is being suggested. Such aspects as the Nefo'o shrine, which is situated in the midst of the Bafut community, could be seen to explain the Tent of Meeting among the Israelites. Other aspects include the priest, the community, the ancestors and the release of the live goat into the woods, bearing the sins of the people. Thus the Nefo'o ritual can be used as an analogy to explain the biblical understanding of atonement in an African context. Leviticus 16 is not only the centre of the book of Leviticus but also the centre of the Pentateuch (Torah). Atonement can also be seen to be the theological heart of the Old Testament and of the whole Bible. Thus it is crucial to communicate this in an African environment using all the hermenuetical tools available.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie dissertasie is daarop gemik om te bepaal tot watter mate die Ou Testament vanuit In Afrika-perspektief geinterpreteer kan word met gebruikmaking van die sondebokofferande, soos beskryf in Levitikus 16 en die Nefo'o ritueel van die Bafut bevolking van Kameroen as betrokke voorbeelde. Omdat die bring van offerandes normale praktyk in die godsdienste van die Israeliete (soos beskryf in die Ou Testament) en van ander nasies - en spesifiek van Afrika-gemeenskappe - is, ontlok dit vrae wat dringend beantwoord behoort te word. Is dit moontlik om daardie elemente van offerande vanuit In Afrika-perspektief - en spesifiek vanuit die oogpunt van die Nefo'o ritueeI van die Bafut van Kameroen - te identifiseer wat kan bydra tot die teologiese interpretasie en begrip van die Ou Testament? Die benadering wat gevolg word, is 'n kwalitatiewe metodologie, met die sub-kategorie van deelnemende waarneming. Ons het ook In sosio-retoriese interpretasie benadering tot die Ou Testamentiese teks van Levitikus 16 gevolg. Wanneer die bovermelde twee rituele met mekaar vergelyk word, openbaar hulle aspekte van sowel ooreenkomste as van verskille. Die werk is die volgende sewe hoofstukke verdeel: Hoofstuk een lei die onderwerp in deur die identifisering en die ontwikkeling van die probleem. Sekere begrippe vervat in die sleutelwoorde van die titel word bespreek in die kontekste van die Bafut van Kameroen en van anti eke Israel. Hoofstuk twee bied In agtergrond aan tot die Nefo'o ritueel van die Bafut bevolking van Kameroen, waarin die oorsprong van sowel die Bafut bevolking as van die Nefo'o ritueel nagegaan word. Die Bukari bevolking, wat die oorspronklike inwoners was en die setel van die Nefo'o altaar word beskrywe. Hoofstuk drie bevat In oorsig van offerandes in Wes-Afrika, die anti eke Nabye Ooste en Israel. Spesiale aandag word geskenk aan die offerande stelsels van die anti eke Israeliete. Hoofstuk vier is In kort inleiding tot die Pentateug, met spesiale verwysing na die moderne tendense in die studie van Pentateugverwante bronne en die teologiese uitgangspunte van die skrywers. Dit word gedoen om die posisie van die boek van Levitikus, waarmee ons bowenal gemoeid is, in die Pentateug te bepaal. Hoofstuk vyf bied In kort inleiding tot die boek van Levitikus en gaan sy betekenis na teen die agtergrond van die ander boeke Vall die Pentateug. Aandag word geskenk aan sekere herhalende teologiese temas in die boek en die implikasies daarvan vir Levitikus 16. Hoofstuk ses bevat 'n sosio-retoriese interpretasie van die inhoud van Levitikus 16, met spesiale verwysing na die instelling van die Versoendag en die offerande van die sondebok. Spesifieke aandag word geskenk aan die rol van boetedoening in Levitikus 16. Hoofstuk sewe vergelyk die sondebok offerande van Levitikus 16 en die Nefo'o ritueel van die Bafut van Kameroen. Dit word gevolg deur 'n teologiese interpretasie van die Nefo'o ritueel, 'n 'n opsomming van die praktyke en ook gevolgtrekkings. Afrika-teoloe, wie se eie kulture oor 'n ryke mate van rituele praktyke beskik, het tot dusver nie voldoende aandag aan 'n kontekstuele interpretasie van die Ou Testament geskenk nie. Die Bybelse geloof moet steeds in naasbestaan met die tradisionele Afrika-gelowe en ander kulturele praktyke staan. 'n Sekere kontekstuele interpretasie van die Ou Testamentiese geskrifte word aan die hand gedoen. Seker aspekte, soos die Nefo'o altaar, wat midde in die Bafut gemeenskap gelee is, kan met die ontmoetingstent van die Israeliete vergelyk word. Ander punte van ooreenkomste en verskille tussen die Bafut en die anti eke Israeliete, sluit in priesters, die gemeenskap, voorouers, en die vrylating in die woud van die lewendige bok wat die sondes van die bevolking dra. Dus kan die Nefo'o ritueel as 'n analogie vir die verduideliking van die Bybelse begrip van versoening in 'n Afrika-konteks aangewend word. Levitikus 16 is nie slegs die kern van die hele boek van Levitikus nie, maar inderdaad ook van die hele Pentateug (Torah). Versoening kan ook as die teologiese kern van die Ou Testament van die hele Bybel gereken word. Daarom is dit noodsaaklik om hierdie begrip in 'n Afrika-konteks te kan kommunikeer met die aanwending van aile beskikbare hermeneutiese hulpmiddele.
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Steen, Robin Jonathan. "Marijuana as scapegoat, cannabis as medicine : a cognitive-rhetorical analysis of a Canadian drug-policy problem." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23904.
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This thesis examines the remarkable ambivalence towards Cannabis sativa L. in Canada, evidenced in the high-stakes contest between competing public conceptions of, and private interests in, the drug-plant and cash crop. Official policy regarding the enigmatic substance over the first decade of the 21st century has been notably erratic, and during this period a number of dramatic shifts in Canada’s administrative and clinical approaches to cannabis have occurred. This has resulted in changes which stand out significantly in the history of the plant’s medicinal, recreational, and industrial use in this country.
Despite the recent surge in acceptance and legitimacy of its medical use in a number of jurisdictions, the definition, classification, regulation, prescription, cultivation, marketing, and consumption of cannabis for therapeutic purposes continue to pose, for many groups and individuals in this country, a medico-legal dilemma—with the boundary between licit and illicit a blurry one in deed, and in word. The many lingering questions about proper ethical and practical conduct within (and parallel to) the framework of the MMAR have made it exceedingly difficult for many participants to arrive at a comfortable fit between the activities pursuant to their roles and the uncertain, unqualifiable, or unappreciated value (or risk) entailed by those roles. I intend not only to improve understanding of the rhetorical, linguistic, and socio-cognitive basis of a particular drug-policy problem, but also to demonstrate, in so doing, the broad analytical reach of rhetorical theory and criticism, and the usefulness of applying rhetorical and cognitive-linguistic methodologies together. Through analysis of suasive elements of key terms and conceptual structures in the discourse, and of differently motivated role-value connections assumed by participants therein, I forward the claim that marijuana has played the part of the scapegoat in medicine and, more broadly, among all drugs.
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Ganjedanesh, Farhang. "The sacred law: the philosophical origin of René Girard's scapegoat mechanism and Giorgio Agamben's «Homo sacer»." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121457.
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In spite of the growth of secularism after the Enlightenment era in the Western societies and its impact on the legal structure of these societies, whether the legal system has been stripped of the religious thinking is a question that is far from being answered. The idea of the sacred as one of the elements of religious thinking is the subject which many jurists and sociologists take into consideration in their studies on the relationship between the religion and the law. Since the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries many thinkers such as William Robertson Smith, Émile Durkheim, and Marcel Mauss have studied the impact of the sacred on the social life and placed it at the center of the social order. Yet, although these theories have shed light on the role of the sacred in the formation of the legal systems, they have also brought up some new questions which contribute to the complexity of the above-mentioned relationship. In the twentieth century, two authors, René Girard and Giorgio Agamben also addressed the subject of the correlation between the law and the sacred. While René Girard, similar to Émile Durkheim, perceives the sacred as a religious idea which constitutes the origin of social life, Giorgio Agamben opposes any religious narrative of the sacred and defines it as a juridico-political phenomenon, which is excluded from both divine and human laws. However, both thinkers depart from the theories of other scholars such as Durkheim since they believe that the sacred as the origin of the law belongs to an originary zone in which human relations are governed by violence. The use of violence enables the legal structure to establish itself on the life of human beings. Thus, given that Girard, contrary to Agamben's formulation, identifies the sacred with the religion, the main question of the present study is whether it is possible to reconcile Girard's and Agamben's theories of the sacred, and determine if the Girardian idea of religion has affinity with the juridical nature of the sacred which Agamben proposes. To answer these questions, earlier writings of Girard and Agamben which belong to the domains of literary criticism and modern aesthetics are taken into consideration because these literary and aesthetic studies present some themes such as the negative foundation of humanity which later take the center stage in their theories of the sacred. In addition, their literary and aesthetic studies have philosophical roots which create a link between these theories. Proximity of their early writings shows that in spite of Agamben's and Girard's different methods, their theories of the sacred point to the same violent origin of law, which belongs to a zone of indistinction between law and religion.En dépit de la croissance de la laïcité après Le siècle des Lumières dans les sociétés occidentales et son impact sur la structure juridique de ces sociétés, si le système juridique a été dépouillé de la pensée religieuse est une question qui n'est pas encore résolu. L'idée du sacré comme l'un des éléments de la pensée religieuse est un sujet que de nombreux juristes et sociologues prennent en considération dans leurs études sur la relation entre la religion et la loi. Depuis dix-neuvième siècles, de nombreux penseurs tels que William Robertson Smith, Emile Durkheim et Marcel Mauss ont étudié l'impact du sacré sur la vie sociale et l'a placé au centre de l'ordre social. Pourtant, ces théories contribuent à la complexité de la question mentionnée ci-dessus. Au XXe siècle, deux auteurs, René Girard et Giorgio Agamben a abordé le sujet de la corrélation entre la loi et le sacré. Alors que René Girard, similaire à Émile Durkheim, perçoit le sacré comme une idée religieuse qui constitue l'origine de la vie sociale, Giorgio Agamben s'oppose à toute narration religieuse du sacré et le définit comme un phénomène juridico-politique, qui est exclu de deux lois divines et humaines. Cependant, ces deux penseurs partent des théories d'autres savants tels que Durkheim, car ils croient que le sacré comme l'origine de la loi appartient à une zone originaire dans lequel les relations humaines sont régies par la violence. L'usage de la violence permet à la structure juridique de s'imposer sur la vie des êtres humains. Ainsi, étant donné que Girard, contrairement à la formulation d'Agamben, identifie le sacré avec la religion, la question principale de la présente étude est de savoir s'il est possible de concilier leurs théories du sacré, et de déterminer si l'idée Girardien de la religion a une affinité avec l' nature juridique du sacré qu'Agamben propose. Afin de répondre à ces questions, les premiers écrits de Girard et Agamben qui appartiennent à la critique littéraire et esthétique moderne sont pris en considération parce que ces études littéraires et esthétiques présentent des thèmes tels que la fondation négatif de l'humanité qui qui jouent des rôles fondamentaux dans leurs théories du sacré. En plus de leurs études littéraires et esthétiques ont des racines philosophiques qui créent un lien entre ces théories. Compte tenu de la proximité de leurs premiers écrits, on peut soutenir que, en dépit de leurs différentes méthodes, leurs théories du sacré se réfèrent à la même origine violente de la loi, qui appartient à une zone d'indistinction entre le droit et la religion.
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Dawson, Daniel Orson. "The witch : subversive, heretic or scapegoat? Legal reforms and abuses in England, Scotland and Europe, 1560-1650." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300938.
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Strydom, Colijn. "Inverting sacrifice : an exploration of Wim Botha’s Premonition of war : scapegoat in relation to gender and nationalism." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1732.
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Thesis (MA (VA)(Visual Arts))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.This investigation draws on theories of sacrifice to explore Wim Botha’s sculpture Premonition of War: Scapegoat in relation to nationalist and patriarchal thought. Since the artist deals with myth, his approach is discussed in terms of Barthes’ formulation of myth as a meta-language. It is maintained that Botha is using a meta-mythical language to deconstruct the narratives he deals with. Sacrifice is seen as an act that binds communities together but that also separates them from threats (Nancy Jay 1992:17). It is argued that the crucifix has been used as symbol of sacrifice to denote immortality, and that this over-emphasis of continuity has been to the detriment of those that do not fall within the boundaries of the “same” as defined by white men. The incorporation and exclusion of the feminine into male structures are discussed, as well as the role that institutionalised religious thought has played in South African Nationalism. An interpretation of Scapegoat using Freud and Žižek seems to point to the necessary compromise made by the Church with the dualisms it has created between its definitions of good and evil. Nietzsche’s conception of sacrifice as a system of debt when applied to the Scapegoat also seems to point to a contradiction inherent within it, since Botha’s inversion puts into question the idea of a gift given outside of a creditor/debtor system. The burnt appearance of the Scapegoat appears to indicate that the attempt to sacrifice the act of sacrifice is futile, since sacrifice eternally returns. However, the “pure gift”, or don pur that Derrida writes of, seems to point to a way beyond dialectics, towards a morality freed from duty.
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Fifield, Jessica Kathelene Blair Carole. "Myth, mystification, and the dialectic of the scapegoat rhetorical transformations in Mumia Abu-Jamal.s Live from death row /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,98.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Communication Studies." Discipline: Communication Studies; Department/School: Journalism and Mass Communication, School of.
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Gordon, Hava Rachel. "The scapegoat generation fights back : how young people challenge age subordination and find empowerment in movements for social justice /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3181100.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 252-262). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Alied, Amani. "A desacralisation of violence in modern British playwriting." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-desacralisation-of-violence-in-modern-british-playwriting(db408601-4630-46ea-b825-5cf0744e6233).html.
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My thesis journey was initially motivated by an interest in the individual’s search for God, the self and the other (neighbour, men/women and enemy) as represented in the play texts. This call for a personal relationship with the ‘other’ highlights the individual’s feelings of unease and strangeness at a time when, one might argue, the majority belittles the role of religion, in support of scientific discoveries and human rights. Here, the French philosopher René Girard - whose anthropological and scientific interest in violence, religion and human culture has shaped my research - argues that the progress of humankind would not have become a reality without what he terms sacrifice. Here, I should confirm that the main influence on the early steps of finding my research topic were Peter Shaffer, Slavoj Žižek, Julia Kristeva and Mikhail Bakhtin rather than Rene Girard. This thesis explores several interconnected relationships, the most important of which is between humour and violence or forms of ‘sacrifice’ in the plays of six British playwrights – Peter Barnes and Peter Shaffer, Howard Barker and Sarah Kane as well as Caryl Churchill and David Rudkin. It is this strange relationship which leads me later on to uncover and explore the representations of the stranger, the victim/iser and the foreigner in their works. The return of the stranger – the dead, the ashes of victims of extreme violence, the ghosts, the prisoners and the children - is inseparable from the search for individuality in a world ruled by the gods of war, money and dark humour. My research findings are viewed in the light of two narratives: the first is to do with the upper world and the second is to do with the lower as defined by Bakhtin’s idea of the carnival and the culture of folk humour in the Middle Ages. The upper is serious, official, exclusive and authoritative whereas the second is festive, comic, mythical and popular. It is hard to describe the relationship between these narratives as simply oppositional (some say iconoclastic) because they are coexistent and rely on one another. At this point, the different professional and ideological positions of the playwrights are important aspects in arriving at an understanding of the ways they collapse the borders between humour and terror, the banquet and the battle, carnivals and trials, the parade and economic exploitation, clownery and politics. Though these playwrights are not preachers or reformers, they challenge our easy laughter and our role as we witness the risen from the dead, those in the flames or in the future signalling to us to halt our participation and face responsibility for the victims.
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Grönlund, Ellen. "Att leva i en tid av problematic faves : En forskningsöversikt av Cancel Culture." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-182269.
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In just a few years, cancel culture has become the topic on everyone's lips. It's an exciting, but also to a certain extent a treacherous phenomenon that has etched into our society, both online and offline. It moves quickly and is constantly changing, but where does it come from, and what drives it? In this study, I map out how cancel and call-out culture are constructed by conducting a research overview. The theoretical framework consists of theories about the scapegoat mechanism, the public sphere, and digital activism. The material consists of 33 peer-reviewed articles. The results show that research has been conducted across several research areas, with the majority of the articles falling under the field of media and communication studies. There are divided opinions about the impact of cancel culture on the public debate. Some scholars define cancel and call-out culture on one hand as political tools that promote public debate and that can help access fundamental problems such as racism and sexism. On the other hand, the phenomena are defined as threats to democracy as the resurrection that arises when these phenomena are exercised can draw attention away from more important and more acute societal issues. Furthermore, the results show that cancel culture depends on a cross-platform engagement. Since the majority of the articles examine Twitter, this indicates that more studies need to be conducted to fully understand how cancel culture works.
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Felipe, Rondinele Laurindo. "Cristianismo e Kénosis: René Girard e Gianni Vattimo em diálogo." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6019.
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O tema desta pesquisa é a noção de cristianismo no diálogo entre René Girard e Gianni Vattimo. Para tanto, argumenta-se que a ideia central que vincula os dois autores é a compreensão de cristianismo como kénosis (enfraquecimento). Aborda-se essa noção levando em conta a teoria girardiana do sagrado natural. A ideia de sagrado é estruturante, pois, a partir dele, sabe-se que o religioso funda-se na violência humana. O homem é governado por um desejo de apropriação mimética, o que conduz a rivalidades. A violência quando se exasperava nas sociedades primitivas gerava conflitos de tal ordem que se fazia necessário o sacrifício para conter a crise que ameaçava extirpar todo grupo. Do sacrifício expiatório nascia o sagrado que se sustentava nas formas de ritos, interditos e rememoração do sacrifício. O cristianismo, interpretado por Girard e Vattimo, revela e denuncia esse mecanismo fazedor de vítimas, indicando que a vítima é inocente. Portanto, para falar de kénosis e secularização, Vattimo recorre a essa ideia de perda dos elementos do sagrado. Com a dissolução do sagrado, o cristianismo aparece em sua forma enfraquecida (kénosis), sendo a caritas um modo de rejeitar a violência humana.
The theme of this dissertation is the notion of Christianity in the intersection of ideas between René Girard and Gianni Vattimo, focusing on the central idea connecting both authors, which is Christianity as kénosis (weakening). This notion is approached considering Girard's theory about the natural sacred. The idea of sacred is keypoint, because it is the way by which the religious experience is founded on the human violence. Men are guided by a desire for mimetic appropriation, which leads to rivalries. When violence became intense among the primitive societies, it triggered so much disturbance that sacrifice was required to keep the crisis under control in order to avoid the extinction of the whole group. The sacred was born from the expiatory sacrifice, expressing the rites, the interdicts and the remembrance of the sacrifice. Christianity, according to Girard's and Vattimo's perspective, reveals and condemns this process that breeds victims, pointing out that the victim is innocent. Therefore, in order to discuss kénosis and secularization, Vattimo uses this idea of a dicrease in the elements of sacred. With the sacred in dissolution, Christianity assumes its weakened form (kénosis), and caritas becomes a way of rejecting the human violence.
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Chapas, Benjamin André. "La justification du « prix » des dirigeants dans l’idéologie libérale : une interprétation girardienne de la controverse publique sur la rémunération des dirigeants (1989-2008)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO22021/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur la question de la rémunération des dirigeants de grandes sociétés cotées et, de manière plus précise, sur les problèmes de justification posés par certains montants et pratiques de rémunération. L’enjeu est d’étudier l’origine et la signification de la controverse publique sur le sujet en la mettant en rapport avec le modèle économique libéral qui dit que le « prix » du dirigeant est un simple prix de marché, soit le produit d’une confrontation entre une offre et une demande de travail managérial de haut niveau. En cela, notre objectif n’est pas de porter un jugement ou une simple évaluation sur la rémunération des dirigeants, mais de comprendre comment et en quoi la controverse étudiée fait problème, comment et en quoi elle interroge, en miroir, la nature et le fonctionnement des sociétés libérales. La démarche est donc « compréhensive », au sens où il s’agit de prendre appui sur le discours des acteurs de la controverse pour « déconstruire » un modèle de justification en apparence élémentaire, qui est aussi l’expression de l’idéologie dominanteThis thesis addresses the question of CEO compensation in large publicly-held firms and, more precisely, the problems of justification that arise with certain amounts and practices of compensation. The objective is to analyze the origin and meaning of the public controversy sparked by the subject by relating it to the liberal economic model according to which the “price” of CEOs is simply a market price, that is, the result of the confrontation between supply and demand of top-level managerial labor. As such, our objective is not to produce a judgment or a mere evaluation of CEO compensation, but rather to understand how and why the controversy generates a problem, or how and why it questions, reflexively, the nature and functioning of liberal societies. The approach is therefore “interpretative,” in the sense that it is based on the discourse of the actors involved in the controversy in order to “deconstruct” an apparently elementary model of justification, that is also the expression of the dominant ideology
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Sabbagh, Leila. "Stratégies argumentatives et procédés discursifs dans le discours de haine : La construction du bouc-émissaire : Printemps des arts Tunisie 2012." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALL029.
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L’objectif de ce travail de recherche est d’analyser les procédés discursifs et les stratégies argumentatives dans la construction du bouc-émissaire, de l’ennemi de l’intérieur dans le discours de haine. En ayant recours aux concepts clés tels que la « violence verbale », le « discours de haine », le « bouc-émissaire », la visée de mon travail consiste à comprendre quels sont les différents moyens linguistiques auxquels les locuteurs ont recouru durant cette période de crise que la Tunisie a connu depuis 2011 afin de se disputer le pouvoir politique et d’instaurer une idéologie naissante une idéologie extrémiste. Comment certains, dans le cadre d’un discours politico-religieux, usent des différents types d’argument ; logiques, pathémiques et éthiques pour disqualifier l’autre, l’isoler ? Comment, recourt-on à différents actes de langage axés sur la condamnation (la menace, l’insulte, la malédiction, l’apostasie et la condamnation à mort) pour ? À travers une vision conspirationniste peut-on déclencher une mise en marche de la diabolisation de l’autre dans le but d’en construire une parfait bouc-émissaire ? Ces questions ont été étudiées à travers un corpus qui comprend 638 pages de transcription d’enregistrements audiovisuels évoquant des interactions, des discours ayant tournés autour d’un événement culturel controversé qui s’appelait : Le printemps des arts Tunis 2012, suite auquel le pays a sombré dans un véritable épisode de violence. La nature violente de ces événements représente la principale raison d’adopter une méthode néthnographique dans ce travail de recherche.Les analyses révèlent une volonté de la part des uns et des autres de s’accaparer le pouvoir en instaurant ainsi une hégémonie culturelle au service d’un régime totalitaireThe objective of this research work is to analyze the discursive processes and the argumentative strategies in the construction of the scapegoat, of the enemy within in hate speech. By using key concepts such as "verbal violence", "hate speech", "scapegoat", the aim of my work is to understand what the different linguistic means to which speakers are have resorted during this period. crisis that Tunisia has known since 2011 in order to compete for political power and to establish a nascent ideology an extremist ideology. How some, in the context of a politico-religious discourse, use different types of argument; logical, pathemic and ethical to disqualify the other, to isolate him? How are different condemnation-oriented speech acts (threat, insult, curse, apostasy, and death sentence) used for? Through a conspiratorial vision, can we trigger the demonization of the other in order to build a perfect scapegoat? These questions were studied through a corpus which includes 638 pages of transcription of audiovisual recordings evoking interactions, speeches having revolved around a controversial cultural event which was called: The spring of the arts Tunis 2012, following which the country sank into a real episode of violence. The violent nature of these events is the main reason for adopting a nethnographic method in this research work. The analyzes reveal a desire on the part of both sides to seize power by thus establishing a cultural hegemony in the service of a totalitarian regime
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Villate, Torres Lina Patricia. "De la maladie contagieuse à la fin des temps dans "la montagne magique", "la peste", "l’amour aux temps du choléra" et "Némésis"." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAC032.
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À partir de l’étude de deux romans européens et de deux des Amériques, la présente thèse de doctorat examine la manière dont la maladie contagieuse sert de métaphore à la crise. Elle poursuit un triple objectif. Au niveau individuel, on démontre le rôle actif de chacun face à la maladie, puisque tant les médecins que les malades font appel à l’inventivité afin de lutter contre le fléau. Au niveau social, on prouve que la contagion sert d’argument pour stigmatiser et discriminer l’Autre que l’on considère comme menaçant. Au niveau politique, on souligne l’importance d’un compromis individuel et collectif dans la gestion des risques car les fictions illustrent les effets catastrophiques lorsque les États sont incapables d’assurer la protection de la santé des populations (vols, pillages, recherche prétendue de coupables et mise à mort des innocents)The aim of this doctoral thesis is to examine how the contagious disease serves as a metaphor to the crises by comparing two novels from Europe and two from North and South America. It pursues a triple objective. First, we demonstrate, at the individual level, that each person plays an active role when confronted with a disease, both doctors and patients fight against the plague through inventiveness and resourcefulness. Second, we prove, at a social level that contagion can be used as an argument to stigmatize and to discriminate those who are considering threatening. At a political level, we emphasize the importance of individual and collective compromises when facing the risk. The novels illustrate the catastrophic consequences when states are unable to manage risk and to protect populations from danger. Some of these consequences might be: thefts, looting, scapegoat designation and killing innocent people
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Aragão, Hudson Oliveira Fontes. "O grande mentecapto, de F. Sabino : a construção literária e social do anti-herói Geraldo Viramundo." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2015. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5676.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESWe will analyse O grande mentecapto: relato das aventuras e desventuras de Viramundo e de suas inenarráveis peregrinações (1979), the second novel of the “mineiro” writer Fernando Sabino. We considered the work as neopicaresque, such as the theoretical approach of González (1994), and we had in mind that it is a comical genre of literature as well and to apply for a popular setting of main character: the roguery, in the Brazilian literature, usually is followed by the chimerical idealism of Don Quijote (1605; 1615), by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. Far beyond of the comical and quixotic adventures, the anti-hero of the novel reverberate as well the tragic face of his intertextual model, because Geraldo Viramundo, “mineiro” walker, will be arrested, interned in psychiatric asylums and including murdered by the crowd, in a public lynching, being a scapegoat, just like Jesus Christ. The violence that the main character is submitted in the plot will be analysed, second the modern jurisprudence, through Michel Foucault (1975), and in an anthropologic and religious level, via René Girard (1972; 1975). The way of analysis will consider still the Brazilian representations – specially the Tiradentes – and the universal ones of the novel (more precisely the Christian elaboration of the main character) and the study will conclude that, in a national point of view, O grande mentecapto is pessimistic, but from the human and universal point of view, it propitiate us, in the chimerical space of the future, a possible escape of the violences that operates the mechanisms of the social coercion.
Analisaremos O grande mentecapto: relato das aventuras e desventuras de Viramundo e de suas inenarráveis peregrinações (1979), o segundo romance do escritor mineiro Fernando Sabino. Ao considerarmos a obra como neopicaresca, segundo o aporte teórico de Mário González (1994), tivemos em mente que ela também é um gênero cômico de literatura e concorre para uma configuração popular de protagonista: o pícaro, em nossas letras, costuma vir acompanhado do idealismo utópico do Don Quijote (1605; 1615), de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. Para além das cômicas e quixotescas aventuras, o anti-herói do romance também reverbera a face trágica de seus modelos intertextuais, pois Geraldo Viramundo, andarilho mineiro, será preso, internado em manicômios e até assassinado por uma multidão, em um linchamento público, constituindo-se um bode expiatório, à semelhança de Jesus Cristo. A violência a que o protagonista é submetido no enredo será analisada, segundo a jurisprudência moderna, através de Michel Foucault (1975), e num nível antropológico e religioso, via René Girard (1972; 1985). O percurso de análise considerará ainda as representações brasileiras – especialmente a de Tiradentes – e universais da obra (mais precisamente a elaboração cristã do protagonista) e concluirá que, de um ponto de vista nacional, O grande mentecapto apresenta uma visão pessimista, mas que, do ponto de vista humano e universal, propicia-nos, no espaço utópico do porvir, uma possível libertação das violências que operam os mecanismos de coerção social.
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Reid, Lawrence. "DUNIDEDCUDIGUNADIE." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3746.
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The artist discusses his Master of Fine Arts exhibit, titled DUNIDEDCUDIGUNADIE. The exhibit is to be held at the Tipton Gallery in downtown Johnson City, TN, from April 2nd to April 10th, 2020. A live reception will be held the evening of April 3rd, featuring a performance with the work, titled Look at You!
The following thesis explores the artist’s formative years – investigating how childhood experiences combine with artistic and theoretical influences to inform his art-making process.
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Argounova, Tatiana. "Scapegoats of Natsionalizm : ethnic tensions in Sakha (Yakutia), northeastern Russia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621151.
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Storey, R. A. "Storylines, scapegoats and state power : discursive representation of the Rwandan economy." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396896.
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Souto, Rinah de Araújo. "O olho, a mão e o caleidoscópio: espaço(s) e violência em contos de Teolinda Gersão." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6283.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-25Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This dissertation aimed at analyzing four short stories from the book A mulher que prendeu a chuva e outras histórias, by the Portuguese writer Teolinda Gersão. Those are: Encontro no S-Bahn , A mulher que prendeu a chuva , A ponte na Califórnia and Um casaco de raposa vermelha . For this, we relied on the theoretical proposal by Wolfgang Iser, in particular literary anthropology in the category of violence, according to the assumptions of René Girard, and by the method titled topoanalysis, we want to identify possible answers to the following questions: To what extent when literature is interlocking the real with fiction and imaginary can it give us clues to rethink how anthropos - as a perceptive subject - reacts before a space that is unknown? And what about borderline spaces? In which way does the human being respond to the direct conflict of his or her desires with alienating processes with other forms of valid knowledge? What are the implications of that? How the violence is presented? We verified that all short stories analyzed presented a prominence of feminine perspective in common, the presence of a scapegoat, and the conflict that generates violence in spaces, when they are urban, intimate, borderlines or "non-places".
O presente trabalho propõe-se a analisar quatro contos integrantes do livro A mulher que prendeu a chuva e outras histórias, da escritora portuguesa Teolinda Gersão, a saber: Encontro no S-Bahn , A mulher que prendeu a chuva , A ponte na Califórnia e Um casaco de raposa vermelha . Para tanto, nos baseamos na proposta teórica de Wolfgang Iser, nomeadamente a antropologia literária; na categoria da violência, segundo os pressupostos de René Girard; e através do método intitulado topoanálise buscamos, ao final, apontar possíveis respostas para as seguintes questões: Até que ponto a literatura ao imbricar o real com o fictício e o imaginário, pode nos dar pistas para (re)pensar como o anthropos - enquanto sujeito perceptivo - reage diante de um espaço que lhe é desconhecido? E em meio a espaços fronteiriços? De que maneira o ser humano responde ao confronto direto com os seus desejos, com processos alienantes, com outras formas de conhecimento válido? Quais as implicações disso? Como a violência se apresenta? Verificamos que todos os contos enfocados apresentam em comum a voz feminina em destaque, a presença do bode expiatório e o confronto que gera violência em meio a espaços, sejam eles urbanos, íntimos, fronteiriços ou não-lugares .
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Haslam, Stephen. "Fearest Enden : including, 'Fearest Enden', a fantasy novel ; Saviors, scapegoats & sacred trees : a critical discussion." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fearest-enden-including-fearest-enden-a-fantasy-novel(057b1877-d356-4620-8752-f729ff4850a2).html.
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Biblical literalism can be dangerous, especially when scriptural exegeses shape standards for social norms. According to the 2nd version of the biblical creation story of Adam and Eve for example, all of mankind must suffer for Genesis’s account of the choice of one woman. As many peoples have historically viewed this ancient story as fact, despite various changes, the ambiguous and often contradictory language of the text, and preconceptions stemming from philosophical interpretations, women have been regarded as inferior to man largely in part to Eve’s role in the story, or more specifically, man’s rationale of her role in the story. Similar to the role the Eve’s treatment plays in the description, man’s gift of “dominion” over nature has historically allowed for more destruction than stewardship. It is difficult to imagine, given the central role that trees play in not only the biblical creation, and The Fall, but also the redemption of mankind on the cross, that man’s subsequent and continual choice to dominate nature can have such little effect in comparison to the original sin. Using the events of the biblical Eden as a backstory for the plot of my 90,000 word novel, Fearest Enden, pivotal elements of the Edenic story were changed to paint Eve as hero rather than scapegoat. The novel follows Elias Hughes, a descendant of Eve who must rely on ancestrally endowed talents to stop the first earthly evil, Cain. Eve’s choice(s) are recognized as the main motif of Fearest Enden: sacrifice in the name of love and fear. As a secondary theme, as in Eden, the treatment of nature, and trees specifically has a direct impact on the spiritual and physical survival of the novel’s characters and their world. Part two of the thesis: Saviors, Scapegoats & Sacred Trees: A Critical Understanding & Reflection, examines more closely the underlying themes of the novel. Preceded by acknowledgements, an introduction to the title of Fearest Enden will analyze the central themes and clarify the novel’s title, meaning and history. The first critical argument focuses on Eve as savior and scapegoat. Examining both the ambiguity and literalism of early chapters in Genesis, I will argue that Eve was set up to fail because she was entered into a pact without her signature; that Adam was present when Eve spoke to the devil and that they partook of the fruit together; and that the only deceiving serpent(s) in this history, walked upright, contriving stories to defame Eve and women. I will argue that the choice, her choice, should have been defined a heroic sacrifice, making her the first and perhaps greatest human hero of all time and thus reversing, in a sense, the purported origins of original sin. The second argument is that fundamentalism and biblical literalism has led not only to man’s unjust ruling over women, but also over nature. The consequences of the latter must be both terrestrial and spiritual. Terrestrial, because the first and continued choice to take improper dominion over nature, like the original sin, is irreversible; spiritual, because trees play a central role in both the fall and redemption of the souls of mankind. Examining the sacredness as well as life-saving and life-ending properties of the trees in Eden and Golgotha, but also in a number of myths and stories from various cultures around the world, I will postulate the need to redefine “dominion” for the purpose of saving what earth man has left to steward. The final sections of the discussion will include influences, a conclusion, and bibliography.
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MacLeod, Rena. "Liberating Female Scapegoats: Mimetic Theory, Feminist Theory, and the Biblical Representation of Gendered Violence and Victimhood." Phd thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2019. https://doi.org/10.26199/acu.8vyvw.
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This dissertation is concerned with girls’ and women’s experience of men’s violence as a particular phenomenon apparent within the Bible, and one that is ‘hidden in plain sight’ in the contemporary world. This study is especially concerned with the problem of biblical narratives that depict men’s extreme victimisation of women, for, as feminist scholarship has found, these texts are dangerous and difficult to redeem in light of their capacity to proliferate and normalise men’s enactment of violence against women. The following investigation offers an important response to these issues. It devises and implements an interpretive model that illuminates how biblical narratives of persecuted women may be redeemed for inherent positive value and relevance to the contemporary issue of gendered violence. Specifically, this investigation shows how the biblical witness to women’s victimhood may be perceived as demystifying and subsequently undermining enduring patterns and processes of gendered violence.
The interpretive model put forward in this dissertation is constructed from concepts drawn from René Girard’s mimetic theory, and feminist theory of sexual difference as informed by scholars such as Luce Irigaray, Hélène Cixous, and Julia Kristeva. These two theoretical frameworks are shown to provide analytical tools that 1) combine to enable detailed examination of the biblical representation of gendered violence; and 2) determine how the representation of women’s victimhood exposes and disrupts patterns and processes of violence that are characteristic of androcentric contexts.
This interpretive model is applied to two biblical narratives depicting men’s extreme victimisation of women: Jephthah’s daughter of Judges 11 and the unnamed woman of Judges 19. Analysis establishes that these texts, contrary to other comparable contemporaneous mythology, are salient in their witness to men’s enactment of violence against women. In particular, the two victims within these narratives become perceptible as distinctive, potent female scapegoats with liberatory value as they demystify and disrupt clandestine patterns of gendered victimisation so human experience might work free from them.
This study importantly contributes to biblical scholarship as it brings forward new ways of reading dangerous texts that counteract their capacity to proliferate violence against women. Significantly, this dissertation provisions women and men with an alternate interpretive model that enables them to encounter violent biblical content as redeemable and relevant to women’s experience, and to ameliorating the contemporary global issue of pervasive male-performed violence against girls and women.
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Brito, Melissa Barros 1983. "O bode expiatório de José Saramago : leitura dos dois ensaios à luz da teoria de René Girard." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270101.
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Orientador: Mário Luiz FrungilloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a construção do bode expiatório de José Saramago à luz das teorias de René Girard. Para analisar a construção de Saramago, foram eleitos dois de seus romances: Ensaio sobre a cegueira (1995) e Ensaio sobre a lucidez (2004), livros que mantêm entre si uma continuação. O foco desta dissertação está voltado para a personagem mulher do médico, que divide o espaço da narrativa com outros que serão de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento da trama. É essa personagem quem faz o papel de bode expiatório nas tramas de Saramago. A leitura dos romances de Saramago sob esse viés é possível em razão das teorias e estudos elaborados por René Girard, que procura compreender e teorizar o desejo mimético, a violência fundadora e a escolha (construção) do bode expiatório. As teorias defendidas por René Girard acerca da escolha do bode expiatório ¿ desde o seu surgimento até o seu sacrifício para o surgimento de uma nova sociedade ¿ nos ajuda a compreender os movimentos criados por José Saramago no decorrer dos dois romances e a importância que a personagem mulher do médico tem para ajudar a discutir as relações de poder e, principalmente, para revelar a crítica de José Saramago aos estados tidos como democráticos. Neste trabalho me interessa, sobretudo, observar o percurso desta personagem desde o primeiro romance em que aparece como uma espécie de heroína abnegada até o segundo romance, quando se torna vítima do sistema ¿ portanto o bode expiatório ¿, até a sua execução, e quais são as questões que estão envolvidas na construção criada por Saramago para melhor compreender a crítica aos estados democráticos em suas obras
Abstract: This work aims to analyse the construction of José Saramago¿s scapegoat with the help of René Girard¿s theoretical writings. In order to do it, two novels writen by Saramago were selected: Ensaio sobre a Cegueira (Blindness, 1995) and Ensaio sobre a Lucidez (Seeing, 2004), whose themes derive one from another. The focus is put on the main character, named simply as doctor¿s wife, who shares the narrative space with other characteres responsible for the developing of the plot. It¿s doctor¿s wife who plays the role of the scapegoat in Saramago¿s novels. The reading of both books from the point of view of Girard¿s works is possible because there are a sort of resemblances between the novels and the theory: the mimetic desire, the founding violence e the choosing of the scapegoat are all themes and subjects that belong both to Saramago¿s literature and Girard¿s thought. Finally, the work also wants to understand the trajectory of doctor¿s wife from the first novel, where she shows herself as some sort of unselfish heroine, to the second novel, when she becomes a victim of the political system ¿ therefore, the scapegoat ¿ until her execution. The goal is to reveal what is behind the construction of the character in order to be able to comprehend the critics that Saramago draws to the democratic system in his literary works
Mestrado
Teoria e Critica Literaria
Mestra em Teoria e História Literária
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Amos, David. "The Nottinghamshire miners, the Union of Democratic Mineworkers and the 1984-85 miners strike : scabs or scapegoats?" Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14091/.
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Taken from the introduction: One of the main aims of this study is to give a clear and coherent view of the main events, and to examine the role played by the Nottinghamshire miners in the strike of 1984-85. It will also critically analyse some of the more negative and inexact accounts of their role which have painted them as the anti-heroes in the 1984-85 strike. Basically this thesis will try and make a case that the majority of Nottinghamshire miners acted in line with their established 'custom and practice'. Fundamentally, the first half of the study (Chapters 1 to 3) is a narrative of the main events in the Nottinghamshire coalfield from c1979 to 1985 … The second half of this study (Chapters 4 to 6) is a critical analysis of some of the theories that have been put forward as to why there was an unreceptive reaction to the 1984-85 strike in the Nottinghamshire coalfield. These theories are based around the controversy surrounding the 'ballot issue' and the subsequent decision to run the strike on an area by area basis. They are critically analysed and reasons put forward as to why they may be unsustainable in their views.
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Godoy, Edevilson de. "O sacrifício de Cristo como superação do sacrifício antigo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18382.
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Previous issue date: 2009-12-04This study examines the sacrifice of Christ as a conquest of ancient sacrifice, from the paradigm of victimizing mechanism explained by Franco-American anthropologist René Girard. The thesis affront the theme of sacrifice in perspective Girard, highlighting the evolution of his thought: from the mimetic process that culminates in the classic concept of the scapegoat as exorcism of community violence, it reaches a more dialectic, in which maintaining the archaic theory, highlights the Christian message of sacrifice as gift of self for the life of another. The research fits into the context of studies on the role of religion in human relations, that is, the phenomenon of religion in community relations, to, from Girard, focusing on the "sacrifice of Christ as the greatest expression of love of history able to redeem sinful man. The study has a humble ambition to show the extraordinary contribution of theory Girard theology. It presents an overall discussion of the thought of Girard. Keep is the dogmatic biblical field, including the possibility of the compatibility between Catholic theology and thought Girard at a specific point and absolutely qualifying: the word sacrifice can be perfectly applied to the event of Christ's passion
Este estudo analisa o sacrifício de Cristo como superação do sacrifício antigo, a partir do paradigma do mecanismo vitimário explicado pelo antropólogo francoamericano René Girard. A tese afronta o tema do sacrifício na perspectiva girardiana, evidenciando a evolução do seu pensamento: partindo do processo mimético que culmina na concepção clássica do bode expiatório como exorcização da violência comunitária, chega a uma concepção mais dialética, na qual mantendo a teoria arcaica, destaca a novidade cristã do sacrifício, enquanto dom de si mesmo pela vida do outro. A pesquisa insere-se no contexto dos estudos sobre a função da religião nas relações humanas, ou seja, o fenômeno religioso nas relações comunitárias, para, a partir de Girard, enfocar o sacrifício de Cristo como a maior expressão de amor da história, capaz de redimir o homem pecador. O estudo tem a humilde ambição de mostrar a extraordinária contribuição da teoria girardiana à teologia. Não apresenta uma discussão global do pensamento de Girard. Atem-se ao campo bíblico dogmático, verificando a possibilidade de uma compatibilidade entre a teologia católica e o pensamento girardiano em um ponto específico e absolutamente qualificante: o termo sacrifício pode perfeitamente ser aplicado ao evento da paixão de Cristo
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Skarström, Hinojosa Kamilla. "A synchronic approach to the Serek ha-Yahad (1QS) : from text to social and cultural context." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-119801.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the social and cultural contexts of 1QS (Serek ha-Yahad) by means of a textual study. The analysis of the text is performed in a synchronic perspective. This means that lexical choices, grammatical forms, references, topics, themes, and intertextuality are analyzed text-internally. By doing so, this study sheds new light on old questions of textual cohesion and coherence, questions that until now have been dealt with mostly from a diachronic perspective. The text analysis entails investigation in view of three interrelated dimensions of language function: ideational, interpersonal, and textual. These imply language as transmitting information, creating and sustaining relations, and functioning to organize itself into cohesive units. Although applying some of the terminology from the field of text linguistics (SFL), the focus in this study is on what a text means rather than why. This means that the semantic-pragmatic aspects of language are of foremost interest here. The analysis is performed from bottom and up, then from top down again. Words, phrases, and sentences are investigated up to the broadest linguistic level, namely, to the semantic discourse itself. With an understanding of the larger discourse at hand thanks to this analysis of textual cohesion and coherence, textual details are once again revisited and interpreted anew. In this work, 1QS is analyzed from beginning to end—chronologically, so to say. Then, at the end of each major section, the discourse is analyzed overall. Following the text analysis, conclusions of the investigations are presented. The conclusions argue that the hierarchal structure of the community and its stringent regulations are to be understood as a corrective in response to corrupt society. It is also argued that language in 1QS has a performative function. Rather than describing the way things are, it aspires to evoke the ideal society. Instead of understanding 1QS and the community mirrored in it as a deviant group with little or no contact with the surrounding world, it is then understood as a potent contribution to late Second Temple Jewish discourse concerning how to create a just society and a sanctifying cultic practice. In the final chapter, the insights gained from textual analysis of 1QS are brought into encounter with the theoretical framework posited by French historian and philosopher René Girard (1923–2015). In light of Girard’s philosophy, the hierarchal organization of the community (the Yahad) as well as its regulations can be interpreted as an effort to prevent a mimetic crisis. The function of the scapegoat in 1QS is discussed in light of Girard’s grand theory of the mechanisms of scapegoating in all societies. The study closes with the tentative hypothesis that the community in 1QS deconstructs the scapegoating mechanism by taking the role of the scapegoat upon itself.
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Zebili, Dimka, and Aslan Jakob Aram. "Mobbning i arbetslivet : en dokumentanalys." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-27043.
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Mobbning i arbetslivet är ett dolt problem som alltid funnits på arbetsplatser i Sverige. Vuxenmobbning handlar om psykiskt våld och upprepade kränkningar som skadar människor och leder till utfrysning, utslagning och isolering. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen och kunskapen kring mobbningsproblematiken på arbetsplatsen och dess konsekvenser. Syftet är också att ta reda på vilka rättsliga möjligheter och begränsningar det finns att vidta, samt vilka förebyggande strategier som forskning och utredningar föreslår. Materialet består av fyra domstolsbeslut kring mobbning i arbetslivet. Syftet uppnås med hjälp av en dokumentanalys av materialet. Resultaten analyseras med hjälp av två teoretiska modeller: förloppsmodellen och rollmodellen samt teorier om stigma och stämpling. I uppsatsen sammanställs empirin utifrån fyra teman: konflikter, syndabockarna, krisen och utslagningen. Studiens huvudresultat är att destruktiv ledarskap och missköta konflikter skapar förutsättningar för mobbning i arbetslivet och resulterar i att människor stigmatiseras, stämplas som avvikare och exkluderas från samhället. Avslutningsvis görs förslag till vidare studier utifrån funderingar kring huruvida lagändringar skulle kunna påverka hanteringen av grundproblemet positivt vad gäller mobbning i arbetslivet.Bullying in the life of work is a concealed issue that always has existed in Swedish workplaces. Adult bullying is about mental violence and repeated violations that harm people and often leads to ostracism, exclusion and isolation. The aim of this study is to increase understanding and knowledge about the bullying issue in workplaces and its consequences. The aim is also to find out what legal possibilities and limits there are to take and what preventative strategies that research and investigations suggests. In order to find out about this we have based our study on four court decisions dealing with bullying in the workplace. In addition, official documents, newspaper articles, laws and documents issued by authorities and other organizations that publish articles on the Internet are also used in this study. The aim is achieved by using a document analysis of data. It is compiled on empirical data based on four themes: conflicts, scapegoats, crisis and exclusion. The results are analyzed by using two theoretical models: progress model and role model, and also theories about stigma and stamping are being used. The basic finding is that the destructive leadership and mismanage conflict create conditions for bullying in the workplace and results in people stigmatized, branded as outliers and excluded from society. Finally made suggestions for further studies based on concerns about whether legislative changes could affect the handling of the basic problem positively in terms of bullying in the workplace.
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Laing, Kate. "‘A KIND OF LOVE’: Supergirls, Scapegoats and Sexual Liberation The response to Junie Morosi, Jim Cairns, and the scandal that rocked the Australian Government, 1975." Thesis, Department of History, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7758.
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The ‘Morosi affair’ captured the fascination of the public in 1975 during the turbulent political atmosphere of the Whitlam government. The Treasurer of the government, Dr Jim Cairns, hired the beautiful and controversial Junie Morosi to work in his office, causing an unprecedented media scandal. This thesis will use the scandal to look at the wider societal anxieties and cultural assumptions of the time, and analyze the responses from three different perspectives: the media, Morosi and Cairns themselves, and the Australian Labor Party (ALP).
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Lahti, Davidsson Elisabeth. "Batikhäxan – ett kvinnligt supermonster : En kritisk diskursanalys av tre politiska pamfletter." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86034.
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This thesis shows how misogynous and stereotypical images of women, which historically have been used to transform them into witches and monsters, are now reused in the construction of the term “batikhäxa” (“tie-dye witch”). Feminist and discourse theory form the framework of this study which includes the analysis of three opinion pieces, or political pamphlets, that were published between 2010 – 2018: "Batikhäxorna och makten" by the pseudonym Julia Caesar, "Refugee 'Children" & The Women Who Sexually Exploit Them" by the pseudonym Angry Foreigner and "De ansvariga för Sveriges kaos behöver en intervention för att ställas till svars " by Katerina Janouch. I use critical discourse analysis to study how discursive strategies are applied in these political pamphlets to delegitimate women, making them the scapegoats of society by use of the concept of the tie-dye witch. My thesis argues that the use of the tie-dye witch discourse reproduces patriarchal power relations by denying women the right to have and express their opinions, decide over their own bodies and exercise power in society. The tie-dye witch can therefore also be understood as an anti-feminist counterimage to the feminist witch who was established as a female role model in the 1960s. The study also uncovers the psychological function of the tie-dye witch as a female super monster who demarks the borders of nation, culture, religion, body and gender. In the studied texts, the tie-dye witch is constructed to separate "us" from "the others", and in doing so she also acts as a unifying figure in and of anti-feminist, islamophobic, xenophobic, nationalist and apocalyptic discourses.
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Avery, Vanessa Jane. "Jewish vaccines against mimetic desire : Rene Girard and Jewish ritual." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14604.
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In 1972, with the publication of Violence and the Sacred, René Girard makes the stunning assertion that violence is the foundation of culture. Humanity’s innate urges for competition and rivalry entrap us in cycles of violence, which left alone would find no resolution. Girard calls the cause of this rivalry “mimetic desire”, and the only way out of this deeply embedded vengeance is to create a scapegoat to take the blame, reconciling the conflicting parties. Girard asserts that the biblical texts uniquely reveal the mechanisms of mimetic rivalry and scapegoating, and even demystify sacrificial rituals as nothing more than sacrilized “good” violence to keep a fragile peace. This revelation, according to Girard, can finally allow us to remove violence from the sacred. Much scholarship has been devoted to Girard’s theory, in particular how it offers a viable alternative to the still-dominant sacrificial theology of the cross. But there is little scholarship on the connection between Girard and Judaism; and Girard’s own work leaves us with a picture of Judaism that is at best incomplete, and at worst unable to find an answer to disturbing violence permeating the scriptures. This dissertation brings the Hebrew Bible into dialogue with Girard’s ideas in a systematic fashion to assert, contra Girard, that the Jewish revelation is a full, effective and even practical expression of his theory. After an overview of Girard’s work in the first chapter, the dissertation examines three Jewish “vaccines” to the mimetic disease as follows: the Birkhat ha-Banim (“The Blessing of the Children”); the reading of the Book of Esther on Purim; and the reading of Jonah on Yom Kippur. The conclusion to the dissertation asserts, drawing on these three demonstrations, the following points: 1) Rene Girard gives an important and clarifying lens to aid us in finding a new way to talk about, understand, and unify Jewish scripture and ritual; 2) a Jewish perspective can help flesh out what a different “revelation” of Girard’s mimetic desire looks like—even providing prescriptions to curtail this desire; and 3) positive mimesis is possible, and there are Hebrew examples of it free of originary violence. The final chapter addresses certain challenges in reconciling Girard with Judaism, moving toward a sincere Jewish Girardianism that will harmonize with the central views of the tradition.
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Mepango, Matala Sonia. "Personnages comme Bouc émissaire dans les oeuvres de Gabriel Garcia Marquez." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIML010.
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Cette thèse se propose d'étudier la question du Bouc Emissaire dans les œuvres de Gabriel García Márquez. Le thème du Bouc Emissaire est étroitement lié aux personnages dont l'existence semble attachée à ce phénomène. Soumis à leur triste sort, il est difficile d'envisager les personnages de Gabriel García Márquez en dehors de ces cercles vicieux. L'auteur associe inconsciemment ou pas ce phénomène du Bouc Emissaire aux thèmes tels que ceux de la Maison, du Corps meurtri ou sublimé, de l'Identité, de l'Altérité... qui seront exploités tout au long de ce travail. Il est donc intéressant de se demander pourquoi l'auteur semble ressentir le besoin pressant et permanent de construire des sociétés fictives faites avec et par des personnages boucs émissaires. En se servant de l'écriture, l'auteur semble dévoiler et affronter son univers personnel, le monde, notre actualité. Aussi, ce travail compte bien interroger certains ouvrages de Gabriel García Márquez afin d'observer dans un premier temps les éléments nécessaires à la formation du Bouc Emissaire. Puis notre analyse nous permettra de voir comment se manifestent les phénomènes d'exclusion en parallèle avec les réalités sociétales, tout en gardant en toile de fond la vie de l'auteurThis thesis proposes to study the issue of Scapegoat in the works of Gabriel García Márquez. The theme of the Scapegoat is closely related to characters whose existence seems attached to this phenomenon. Submitted to their fate, it is difficult to imagine the characters in Gabriel García Márquez outside these vicious circles. The author combines unconsciously or not this phenomenon Scapegoat themes such as those of the House, the bruised body or sublimate, Identity, Otherness ... of which will be used throughout this work. It is therefore interesting to ask why the author seems to feel the pressing need to build permanent and fictitious companies made with the characters and scapegoats. By using writing, the author seems to reveal and confront his personal universe, the world, our news. Also, this work intends to examine certain works of Gabriel García Márquez to observe in the first place the elements necessary for the formation of the Scapegoat. Then our analysis allow us to see how phenomena occur in parallel with the exclusion societal realities, keeping in the background the life of the author
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Bacalski, Cherise Marie. "Towards a Consummated Life: Kenneth Burke's Concept of Consummation as Critical Conversation and Catharsis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3931.
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Consummation was the one term about which Kenneth Burke wasn't particularly long-winded - odd considering his claim that it was the apex of his theory of form. Perhaps Burke never explained exactly what consummation was because he himself was never clear on the subject, as he told John Woodcock in an interview toward the end of his career. Burke began conceptualizing his theory of form early on - in his 20s - and published it in his first critical book, Counter-Statement, in 1931. At that time, Burke's theory of form had already taken one evolutionary step - from self-expression, with the focus on the artist, to communication, with the focus on the psychology of the reader. Communication was to Burke an "arousing and fulfilling of desires." However, by the 60s, Burke introduced us to a new term which he only used a handful of times in his entire corpus: consummation. This paper attempts to define consummation by exploring Burke's theory of form and looking to his correspondences with friends and scholars. It offers two answers: first, consummation is the act of a reader responding to a writer in critical conversation; second, consummation is the ultimate cathartic achievement. Both play an important civic role. Using current science regarding the gut in connection with emotional purgation, this paper treats seriously Burke's essay "The Thinking of the Body (Comments on the Imagery of Catharsis in Literature)" and his ideas regarding the "Demonic Trinity": micturition, defecation, and parturition, explaining Burkean catharsis as it differs from, deepens, and extends Aristotelian catharsis. What can we learn from what Burke meant by consummation? That the symbolic world is much more significant to our survival than we may realize. As the world of scientific motion advanced rapidly during Burke's lifetime, he began to lose hope that symbolic action could keep up with it. We can see how important poetry and the symbolic motive was for him; he seemed to think it was a matter of life and death. This paper explores what it meant for Burke to seek a consummated life, and the implications that held for him and for us. In the end, the paper posits the importance of catharsis to society in terms of war and peace.
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Schuster, Frank M. "Between all fronts: The impact of World War I on Eastern- European Jewry." HATiKVA e.V. – Die Hoffnung Bildungs- und Begegnungsstätte für Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur Sachsen, 2016. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34818.
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Cho, Julia Hsiu-mao, and 卓秀錨. "The Scapegoat of Unreconciled Double Consciousness." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40747114863029767077.
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碩士靜宜大學
英國語文學系
88
In this thesis, I apply W. E. B. Du Bois’s theory of Double Consciousness to interpret Toni Morrison’s first novel, The Bluest Eye. According to Du Bois, African Americans seek to release the anxiety of participation in American society by means of blend of blackness and whiteness. They would merge their double selves into better and truer selves. What Morrison presents in The Bluest Eye is different from Du Bois’s optimistic view. In order to be accepted by dominant white society, the black characters attempt to erase the black selves. The desire to become white usually leads to tragedy. This thesis aims at exploring the roots of the imbalance between white culture and black culture, as well as examining the impact of pervasive dominant culture on black community, family and individual. This thesis is divided into five chapters. Chapter One introduces the frameworks of the discussion, Du Bois’s theory of double consciousness and Erich Neumann’s scapegoat psychology. Chapter Two discusses how education, commodity and movie cause the imbalance between white culture and black culture, how whiteness is molded as superior while blackness is inferior, and how white ideology becomes a pervasive mythology from whose trap few African Americans can escape. Chapter Three examines the impact of the dominant white myth on black community. To displace their negative emotions and guilt-feeling, members of black community project their blackness onto the weakest member of the community. Chapter Four discusses the impact of the dominant white culture on the Breedlove family. In this chapter, I explain how the projection of blackness is detrimental to child-parent relationship. Chapter Five concludes that Pecola is a scapegoat of black community and black family’s fear, fury and frustration.
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Watson, Stephanie. "Transferring blame : the covert role of scapegoat." Thesis, 2006. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/8876/1/MR14362.pdf.
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The main purpose for this research was to provide pre-adolescent females the opportunity to explore their understanding and personal experience of social aggression with similarly-treated individuals. A common practice among girls, social aggression damages a peer's social status and self-esteem through direct and indirect means (Galen & Underwood, 1997). Due to a lack of qualitative research attending to the narratives of socially aggressed girls, an art therapy group composed of four pre-adolescent females who had experienced some form of social aggression was implemented in a metropolitan elementary school. For 15 sessions, the group members congregated for lunch and creative exploration. Preplanned art activities enlightened facets of social aggression in the interest of augmenting the confidence and self-esteem of the participants. Following the completion of the group, investigation into group roles led to the scapegoat archetype. Though suggested to be a prominent role in group therapy, nominal research has focused specifically on the scapegoat role in therapeutic groups. Conscious and unconscious mental mechanisms compound group interactions, affecting the role one assumes. A retrospective examination of the group's proceedings showed that one member's conduct encapsulated facets of the scapegoat archetype, and it seemed that this group member covertly adopted the scapegoat role. The following case study subsumes an elaborate investigation of six group art therapy sessions. I discovered that the group member's covert identification with the scapegoat role materialized in her behaviour, art, and interaction with the other girls
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Huang, I.-Chian, and 黃怡蒨. "The Image of Scapegoat in Coetzee’s Disgrace." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33umg9.
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碩士東吳大學
英文學系
102
The archetype of the scapegoat comes from the Old Testament as one who takes on the sins of others or sacrifices himself for others. The archetypal meanings of the scapegoat include sacrifice, purification and salvation. But in the modern world, the meaning of the scapegoat has changed somewhat. According to Oxford Online English Dictionary, the definition refers to “a person who is blamed for the wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others, especially for reasons of expediency.” This thesis focuses on the interpretation of the main characters, David, Lucy, and Petrus and a trio of blacks who rape Lucy as scapegoats in J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace (1999). The seeds of discord from apartheid and deep-rooted trauma were long ago planted in the hearts of blacks, who sought release in anger and violence. The study makes use of the ideas of René Girard in his book The Scapegoat (1989). An analysis of the stereotypes he introduces brings understanding about motives of the persecutor, the standards for choosing the scapegoat, the public’s mind and the scapegoat’s reaction.
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Price, Angel. "White trash : the construction of an American scapegoat /." 1997. http://xroads.virginia.edu/%7EMA97/price/open.htm.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Virginia, 1997.Title page and abstract available in paper format. Author's name on paper t.p.: Angelene Faith Price. Description based on home page of Mar. 17, 1998; title from home page. Includes bibliographical references.
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Myers, Thomas J. "From hero to scapegoat the myth of the scapegoat in newspaper coverage of Richard Jewell as bombing suspect : a textual analysis /." 2005. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/myers%5Fthomas%5Fj%5F200505%5Fma.
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Murray, Mary E., University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Psychology. "The Pharmakos phenomenon." 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/26995.
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The impetus for this thesis came from experience in the worlds of medicine, urgent and disturbing aspects of heath and people meeting to find ways through complex problems about them. The author facilitated policy making and dialogue between people from very different backgrounds for a number of years. The thesis is an engagement with ambiguous and contradictory human reactions to stress while being-in-the-middle of threat and differences of many kinds. These trigger both scapegoating and an urge to mate. The phenomenon is embodied in the symbol and ritual of the pharmakos. The aim of the thesis is to engage with the phenomenon of the pharmakos, in order to bring back its symbolism and practice to conscious attention in dealing with many demanding situations today.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Martinez, Elizabeth E. "Placing the public figure in the public sphere from legal solution to the internet scapegoat /." 2007. http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04132007-165038/.
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