Journal articles: 'Scanning XRF'

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Tjallingii, Rik, Y. Hamann, D. Garbe-Schönberg, G. Jan Weltje, and U. Röhl. "2010 international workshop on XRF core scanning." PAGES news 19, no. 2 (July 2011): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22498/pages.19.2.90.

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Viksna, A., E. Selin Lindgren, and P. Standzenieks. "Analysis of pine needles by XRF scanning techniques." X-Ray Spectrometry 30, no. 4 (2001): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.496.

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Zhang, Xiaonan, Hucai Zhang, Fengqin Chang, Umar Ashraf, Wei Peng, Han Wu, Qi Liu, Fengwen Liu, Yun Zhang, and Lizeng Duan. "Application of Corrected Methods for High-Resolution XRF Core Scanning Elements in Lake Sediments." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 8012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228012.

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Contemporary studies emphasize theoretical and analytical aspects of monitoring water quality within lacustrine settings. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanner provides the most rapid, non-destructive high-resolution elemental measurements for unprocessed sediments. However, the analytical precision of measured elemental composition may be offset due to water content and inhomogeneities in the physical properties of the sediment. A range of calibration approaches developed specifically for converting XRF scanning intensities to element fractions has been made available. Here, two lake sediment-cores retrieved from southwest China were used to evaluate the performance of various calibration methods. In particular, the influence of sediment properties on XRF scanning intensities was assessed by redundancy analyses (RDA) and the generalized additive model (GAM). The results demonstrate that for fine-grained sediments, the impact of grain size results in only minor deviations in the XRF scanning intensities. Water content of the lake sediment was shown to be the most important factor influencing the XRF scanning intensities, especially for light elements (e.g., Al to Fe). Significant decreases in XRF scanning intensities may occur when sediment water content is greater than 47%. We recommend testing the element fractions obtained via conventional techniques throughout the core and applying the multivariate log-ratio calibration for high-resolution XRF scanning elements within lake sediments.

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Söğüt, Ö., Ç. Dönük, G. Apaydın, and Ö. F. Bakkaloğlu. "Examination of CoNiCu thin films by using XRF and XRD." Canadian Journal of Physics 92, no. 5 (May 2014): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2012-0538.

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A series of thin films of CoNiCu and NiCu produced using the electrodeposition method have been examined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive XRF spectroscopy was used to determine the concentrations of the atomic percentage in these films. CoNiCu and NiCu thin film samples were excited by gamma rays with 59.5 keV energy photons from 100 mCi 241Am radioisotope source. K X-rays emitted by samples were counted by an Ultra-LEGe detector having a resolution of 150 eV at 5.9 keV. Structural analyses of these films have been done using the XRD technique and thin films were found to have a face-centred cubic (fcc) structure. In addition, surface morphologies of the films have been analysed by SEM. If one examines the SEM images of thin film samples, it can be seen that these elements have been homogeneously distributed in the samples of the thin films.

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Zolotarev, K. V., E. L. Goldberg, V. I. Kondratyev, G. N. Kulipanov, E. G. Miginsky, V. M. Tsukanov, M. A. Phedorin, and Yu P. Kolmogorov. "Scanning SR-XRF beamline for analysis of bottom sediments." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 470, no. 1-2 (September 2001): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(01)01073-7.

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Trojek, Tomáš, Darina Trojková, and Petr Mikysek. "DETERMINATION OF URANIUM AND THORIUM SURFACE DISTRIBUTION IN GEOLOGICAL SAMPLES: COMPARISON OF TABLETOP MACRO AND MICRO-XRF SCANNING." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 198, no. 9-11 (August 2022): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncac114.

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Abstract This paper describes the identification and quantification of uranium, thorium and other chemical elements in a low-grade uranium ore, using macro and micro-X-ray fluorescence scanning. The result of such scanning is their surface distribution determined in flat samples. The basic parameters of both setups are described. The investigation was focused mainly on the improvement of the lateral resolution in the laboratory tabletop macro-XRF and its comparison with micro-XRF scanning. A standard reference material NIST 610 was used as a homogeneous reference silicate material of a known composition. The measurements have demonstrated how the macro-XRF with a quite wide X-ray beam can be competitive with the micro-XRF scanning. The capabilities of both devices were established, utilizing measurements of selected uranium-bearing sediments samples, from the Břevniště deposit in the Czech Republic.

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Bernady, Edyta, Maria Goryl, and Małgorzata Walczak. "XRF Imaging (MA-XRF) as a Valuable Method in the Analysis of Nonhomogeneous Structures of Grisaille Paint Layers." Heritage 4, no. 4 (October 9, 2021): 3193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040179.

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Stained glass paint layers made with vitreous paints can be a challenging subject for analyses. Their heterogenic structure requires proper experimental methodology in order to obtain valuable data. The main goal of this paper is to present the advantages of macro-XRF scanning (MA-XRF) in the non-destructive investigation of historical grisaille paint layers on the basis of research conducted on seven stained glass panels from the Dominican Monastery in Kraków, the Diocesan Museum in Kielce and the National Museum in Poznań (Poland). The obtained results showed the capabilities of MA-XRF scanning in technology recognition, the legibility of damaged fragments of painted depictions, as well as with distinguishing the elemental composition between vitreous paints in different colours. Additionally, SEM-EDS measurements are presented so as to acquire quantitative results and additional information concerning light elements.

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Hahn, A., M. G. Bowen, P. D. Clift, D. K. Kulhanek, and M. W. Lyle. "Testing the analytical performance of handheld XRF using marine sediments of IODP Expedition 355." Geological Magazine 157, no. 6 (April 4, 2019): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756819000189.

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AbstractObtaining geochemical profiles using X-ray fluorescent (XRF) techniques has become a standard procedure in many sediment core studies. The resulting datasets are not only important tools for palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic reconstructions, but also for stratigraphic correlation. The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) has therefore recently introduced shipboard application of a handheld XRF device, making geochemical data directly available to the science party. In all XRF scanning techniques, the physical properties of wet core halves cause substantial analytical deviations. In order to obtain estimates of element concentrations (e.g. for quantitative analyses of fluxes or mass-balance calculations), a calibration of the scanning data is required. We test whether results from the handheld XRF analysis on discrete samples are suitable for calibrating scanning data. Log-ratios with Ca as a common denominator were calculated. The comparison between the handheld device and conventional measurements show that the latter provide high-quality data describing Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb and Sr content (R2 compared with conventional measurements: ln(Al/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Si/Ca) = 0.98, ln(K/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Ti/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Mn/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Fe/Ca) = 0.99, ln(Zn/Ca) = 0.99 and ln(Sr/Ca) = 0.99). Our results imply that discrete measurements using the shipboard handheld analyser are suitable for the calibration of XRF scanning data. Our test was performed on downcore sediments from IODP Expedition 355 that display a wide variety of lithologies of both terrestrial and marine origin. The implication is that our findings are valid on a general scale and that shipboard handheld XRF analysis on discrete samples should be used for calibrating XRF scanning data.

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Hložek, M., T. Trojek, R. Prokeš, and V. Linhart. "Mediaeval metal threads and their identification using micro-XRF scanning, confocal XRF, and X-ray micro-radiography." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 155 (February 2019): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.04.016.

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Bukit, Nurdin, Erna Frida, Ferry Rahmat Astianta Bukit, and Bunga Fisikanta Bukit. "Analysis structure and morphology of bentonite-opba nanocomposites as nanofillers." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 20, no. 2 (May 2, 2022): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2022.20.2.1710.

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used as a nanofiller. The methods used to synthesis bentonite nanoparticles are ball mill and co-precipitation and modification with surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Likewise, the OPBA synthesis process with the ball mill process and co-precipitation. Characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results of characterization using XRD showed a decrease in particle size in bentonite-OPBA nanocomposites. The SEM results show uniformity of particle size in Bentonite-OPBA nanocomposite. Meanwhile, the FTIR results showed absorption peaks indicating bonding in the nanocomposite, confirmed by XRF results. The XRF results show the content of SiO2 and Al2O3 in the nanocomposite so that it can be applied as a nanofiller.

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Chayanun, Lert, Susanna Hammarberg, Hanna Dierks, Gaute Otnes, Alexander Björling, Magnus T. Borgström, and Jesper Wallentin. "Combining Nanofocused X-Rays with Electrical Measurements at the NanoMAX Beamline." Crystals 9, no. 8 (August 20, 2019): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9080432.

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The advent of nanofocused X-ray beams has allowed the study of single nanocrystals and complete nanoscale devices in a nondestructive manner, using techniques such as scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Further insight into semiconductor devices can be achieved by combining these techniques with simultaneous electrical measurements. Here, we present a system for electrical biasing and current measurement of single nanostructure devices, which has been developed for the NanoMAX beamline at the fourth-generation synchrotron, MAX IV, Sweden. The system was tested on single InP nanowire devices. The mechanical stability was sufficient to collect scanning XRD and XRF maps with a 50 nm diameter focus. The dark noise of the current measurement system was about 3 fA, which allowed fly scan measurements of X-ray beam induced current (XBIC) in single nanowire devices.

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Duangdee, Bheechanat, Dussadee Rattanaphra, Anusith Thanapimmetha, Maythee Saisriyoot, and Penjit Srinophakun. "Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Rare Earths Hydroxide Catalyst." Materials Science Forum 936 (October 2018): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.936.53.

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This work presents the synthesis and characterization of mixed rare earths hydroxide heterogeneous catalyst. The catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation of mixed rare earths with NaOH at different pH (6, 7 and 12). The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). The XRF results showed that the catalyst composed of cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), lanthanum (La), praseodymium (Pr) and samarium (Sm) being predominant at pH up to 7. Particularly, cerium (Ce) was favorable precipitation at pH 7. This results were confirm by SEM-EDS. The Ce (OH)3 phase was clearly observed for the mixed rare earth catalyst precipitated at pH 7. The XRF, SEM-EDS and XRD results were consistency.

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Barcellos Lins, Sergio Augusto, Giovanni Ettore Gigante, Roberto Cesareo, Stefano Ridolfi, and Antonio Brunetti. "Testing the Accuracy of the Calculation of Gold Leaf Thickness by MC Simulations and MA-XRF Scanning." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 3582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103582.

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The use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) scanning systems has become a common practice in many application sectors. In multistratified and heterogeneous samples, the simple analysis of an XRF spectrum as a response of the entire sample is not reliable, so different spectral analysis techniques have been proposed to detect the presence of surface stratification. One commonly studied case is that of gilding, i.e., the presence of a superimposing gold-leaf layer. The observation of changes in the net peak ratios of a single element or of several elements in an XRF spectrum is a well-developed practice, but is still not used in the case of XRF scanning (macro-X-Ray fluorescence scanning, MA-XRF), a technique that can be described as the extrapolation of XRF spot analysis to a second dimension, scanning a sample surface instead. This practice can yield information on the overlaying layer thickness, if some properties of the sample are known—or estimated—beforehand, e.g., the overlapping layer’s chemical composition and the matrix effect contribution from the bulk material (thick ratio). This work proposes the use of an algorithm to calculate the thickness distribution of a superimposing gold layer accurately and automatically through the differential attenuation method by using MA-XRF datasets in a total noninvasive manner. This approach has the clear advantage over the traditional spot sampling of allowing the generation of a surface heightmap to better visualize and interpret the data, as well as a considerably larger sample space. Monte Carlo simulations were used to verify the influence of the medium used to adhere the gold leaves to the substrate and to generate known spectra to assess the algorithm’s accuracy.

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De Samber, Björn, Oliver Scharf, Günther Buzanich, Jan Garrevoet, Pieter Tack, Martin Radtke, Heinrich Riesemeier, et al. "Three-dimensional X-ray fluorescence imaging modes for biological specimens using a full-field energy dispersive CCD camera." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 34, no. 10 (2019): 2083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ja00198k.

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Cheng, Aiying, Junqing Yu, Chunliang Gao, and Lisha Zhang. "Comparison and correction of element measurements using qualitative and quantitative X-ray fluorescence in lacustrine sediments: A case study of Lake Hurleg." E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 03035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019803035.

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Using an X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) core scanner with nondestructive and successive, the chemistry features of lacustrine sediment can be measured directly. This method of XRF core scanner measurements has been widely applied to core sediment analysis but uncertain of the precision and accuracy. Comparison of intensities obtained by XRF core scanning and the concentration measured by conventional X-ray Fluorescence, indicates effects of physical properties varied from different elements on elemental intensities in the lacustrine sediments of a core from Lake Hurleg in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Correlation among elements Ti and Sr between the two measurement methods of the XRF and the conventional XRF is high. Using the intensity of Cl as an indicator of water content, the element intensities of Ti and Sr in the core samples is corrected. But the correlation coefficients of Ti and Sr is litter raised. The results show that XRF core scanning is a very useful tool for measuring element concentration in sediments particularly for high intensities elements.

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Mirguet, C., P. Sciau, P. Goudeau, A. Metha, P. Pianetta, Z. Liu, and N. Tamura. "Micro scanning XRF, XANES and XRD studies of the decorated surface of Roman Terra Sigillata ceramics." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 63, a1 (August 22, 2007): s107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767307097681.

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Falkenberg, Gerald, Frank Seiboth, Frieder Koch, Ken Vidar Falch, Andreas Schropp, Dennis Brückner, and Jan Garrevoet. "CRL optics and silicon drift detector for P06 Microprobe experiments at 35 keV." Powder Diffraction 35, S1 (August 5, 2020): S34—S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715620000536.

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A provisional setup for X-ray microprobe experiments at 35 keV is described. It is based on compound refractive lenses (CRLs) for nanofocusing and a Vortex silicon drift detector with 2 mm sensor thickness for increased sensitivity at high energies. The Microprobe experiment (PETRA III) generally uses Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors for submicrometer focusing in the energy range of 5–21 keV. However, various types of scanning X-ray microscopy experiments require higher excitation energies. The CRL optics were characterized by X-ray ptychography and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) knife edge scans on a siemens star pattern and showed beam sizes down to 110 nm. The performance of the new setup for microscopic X-ray diffraction (XRD)–XRF scanning X-ray microscopy measurements at 35 keV is demonstrated on a cross-section of a painting fragment.

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Kylander, Malin E., Ewa M. Lind, Stefan Wastegård, and Ludvig Löwemark. "Recommendations for using XRF core scanning as a tool in tephrochronology." Holocene 22, no. 3 (September 23, 2011): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683611423688.

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Janssens, K., M. Alfeld, J. Dik, and K. Rickers. "Subsurface Analysis of Oil Paintings by Means of Scanning Macro-XRF." Microscopy and Microanalysis 16, S2 (July 2010): 902–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927610055650.

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Cabal, A., S. Legrand, B. Van den Bril, K. Toté, K. Janssens, and P. Van Espen. "Study of the uniformity of aerosol filters by scanning MA-XRF." X-Ray Spectrometry 46, no. 5 (March 20, 2017): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.2767.

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Romano, Francesco Paolo, Claudia Caliri, Paolo Nicotra, Sandra Di Martino, Lighea Pappalardo, Francesca Rizzo, and Hellen Cristine Santos. "Real-time elemental imaging of large dimension paintings with a novel mobile macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning technique." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 32, no. 4 (2017): 773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ja00439c.

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Howard, Daryl L., Martin D. de Jonge, Nader Afshar, Chris G. Ryan, Robin Kirkham, Juliane Reinhardt, Cameron M. Kewish, et al. "The XFM beamline at the Australian Synchrotron." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 5 (August 19, 2020): 1447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520010152.

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The X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) beamline is an in-vacuum undulator-based X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microprobe beamline at the 3 GeV Australian Synchrotron. The beamline delivers hard X-rays in the 4–27 keV energy range, permitting K emission to Cd and L and M emission for all other heavier elements. With a practical low-energy detection cut-off of approximately 1.5 keV, low-Z detection is constrained to Si, with Al detectable under favourable circumstances. The beamline has two scanning stations: a Kirkpatrick–Baez mirror microprobe, which produces a focal spot of 2 µm × 2 µm FWHM, and a large-area scanning `milliprobe', which has the beam size defined by slits. Energy-dispersive detector systems include the Maia 384, Vortex-EM and Vortex-ME3 for XRF measurement, and the EIGER2 X 1 Mpixel array detector for scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy measurements. The beamline uses event-mode data acquisition that eliminates detector system time overheads, and motion control overheads are significantly reduced through the application of an efficient raster scanning algorithm. The minimal overheads, in conjunction with short dwell times per pixel, have allowed XFM to establish techniques such as full spectroscopic XANES fluorescence imaging, XRF tomography, fly scanning ptychography and high-definition XRF imaging over large areas. XFM provides diverse analysis capabilities in the fields of medicine, biology, geology, materials science and cultural heritage. This paper discusses the beamline status, scientific showcases and future upgrades.

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Rindby, A., P. Engström, and K. Janssens. "The Use of a Scanning X-ray Microprobe for Simultaneous XRF/XRD Studies of Fly-Ash Particles." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 4, no. 4 (July 1, 1997): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597000344.

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Gonzalez, Victor, Thomas Calligaro, Laurent Pichon, Gilles Wallez, and Bruno Mottin. "Leonardo da Vinci’s drapery studies: characterization of lead white pigments by µ-XRD and 2D scanning XRF." Applied Physics A 121, no. 3 (August 4, 2015): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9365-z.

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Hayakawa, Shinjiro, Shunji Goto, Takashi Shoji, Eiji Yamada, and Yohichi Gohshi. "X-ray microprobe system for XRF analysis and spectroscopy at SPring-8 BL39XU." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 1114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s090904959701892x.

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An X-ray microprobe system for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis and spectroscopy has been developed at SPring-8 BL39XU; it comprises an X-ray focusing or collimation system, energy-dispersive (ED) and wavelength-dispersive (WD) XRF spectrometers, and a sample-scanning system. The conventional ED spectrometer will be utilized for qualitative and quantitative trace-element analysis, and the WD spectrometer will be used both for trace-element analysis and XRF spectroscopy. A combination of monochromated undulator radiation and the WD spectrometer will enable resonant XRF spectroscopy using brilliant hard X-ray undulator radiation.

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Arboleda, Johana, and Adriana Echavarría. "X-ray powder diffraction data for two new compounds (NH4)1.5Ni2V2O7(OH)1.5 · H2O and (NH4)1.5Cu1.125Ni1.125V2O7(OH)2 · H2O." Powder Diffraction 26, S1 (December 2011): S51—S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3660817.

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Two new bimetallic and trimetallic compounds (NH4)1.5Ni2V2O7(OH)1.5 · H2O and (NH4)1.5Cu1.125 Ni1.125V2O7(OH)2 · H2O were synthesized by hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-Ray fluorescence (XRF). Crystallographic studies showed that both compounds are hexagonal with space group P-62c.

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Khaigunha, Pattarabordee, and Tanakorn Wongwuttanasatian. "An Improvement on Tracking Resistance of Silicone Rubber Filled with Micro-Wollastonite/Gehlenite Synthesized by Solid-State Reaction." Key Engineering Materials 902 (October 29, 2021): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.902.107.

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Enhancement of the room temperature vulcanization silicone rubber (RTV) tracking resistance with various filler loadings of synthesized wollastonite against electrical surface tracking was prepared. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray fluorescent (XRF) techniques were involved in characterizing the synthesized substances. The test method IEC-60587 standard was employed to evaluate the surface tracking resistance. The results obtained from the XRF technique confirmed that the raw materials could be synthesized for wollastonite, while the XRD and SEM techniques revealed the formation of wollastonite (CaSiO3) associated with gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7). Moreover, it was found that the electrical surface tracking resistance of composite insulation takes a long time to track when the filler loading is increased more than 5 phr.

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Oloyede, Olukayode Gideon, Umar Omeiza Aroke, Saidat Olanipekun Giwa, and Alexander Asanja Jock. "Characterisation of Natural and HDTMA-Br Modified Dijah-Monkin Bentonite Clay: FTIR, XRF, XRD and SEM." Path of Science 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 2010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22178/pos.70-12.

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In this study, Dijah-Monkin bentonite clay was modified with a cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) at the level of twice the cation exchange capacity (CEC). This process results in the development of hydrophobic organoclay with an improved adsorption capacity. The clay obtained from Zing LGA Taraba State, North-East Nigeria, was beneficiated and pulverised to a particle size of 125 µm. The modification was performed without acid activation to prevent damages to the clay’s crystal structure. The organoclay was characterised for chemical composition, functional groups, mineralogical and surface morphology using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The XRD showed an increase in the basal spacing from 15.681Å to 17.758 Å, while the XRF revealed a 5.35% concentration of Br on the modified clay, indicating successful intercalation. The FTIR spectra also revealed the appearance of symmetric and asymmetric stretching bands at 2847.7cm-1 and 2914.8cm-1, respectively, as a consequence of the modification, resulting in more sites for adsorption.

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Longman, Jack, Daniel Veres, and Volker Wennrich. "Utilisation of XRF core scanning on peat and other highly organic sediments." Quaternary International 514 (April 2019): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.10.015.

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Löwemark, Ludvig, Menno Bloemsma, Ian Croudace, J. Stephen Daly, Robin J. Edwards, Pierre Francus, Jennifer M. Galloway, et al. "Practical guidelines and recent advances in the Itrax XRF core-scanning procedure." Quaternary International 514 (April 2019): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.10.044.

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Ellis, Bethany, Katharine Grant, Jennie Mallela, and Nerilie Abram. "Is XRF core scanning a viable method for coral palaeoclimate temperature reconstructions?" Quaternary International 514 (April 2019): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.11.044.

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Lubeck, Janin, Christian Seim, Aurélie Dehlinger, Andreas Haidl, Philipp Hönicke, Yves Kayser, Rainer Unterumsberger, Claudia Fleischmann, and Burkhard Beckhoff. "A Compact Vibration Reduced Set-up for Scanning nm-XRF and STXM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 24, S2 (August 2018): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618013181.

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K.W, Shalbugau, Dass P.M, Iji M, Nkafamiya I. I, and Maitera O. N. "Development and characterization of catalyst materials from magnetic sand, Crotalaria pallida and kaolin." International Journal of Advanced Chemistry 9, no. 2 (November 19, 2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v9i2.31812.

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In this study, magnetic sand and Crotalaria pallida gotten from Adamawa and Bauchi states of Nigeria, respectively, were mixed after treatment, and impregnated with kaolin using a wet impregnation method and the resulting material was characterized using scanning electron microcopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The result of XRF analysis revealed the existence of a number of dopant-like constituents in the sample, which substitute parts of important atoms in the spinel structure, however, not forming individual phases. The SEM micrographs displayed pore structures with high surface area consistent with effective catalyst materials. XRD analysis confirmed crystalline phases of the hybrid material showing typical diffraction peaks of kaolinite minerals (Al2Si2O9), Muscovite (Al12FeSi12K4NaRbH16O48), quartz, Si3O6 Calcite (Ca6C6O18) and Halite (Na4Cl4) and the average crystallite size was determined to be 75.30 nm.

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Mirguet, C., P. Sciau, P. Goudeau, A. Metha, P. Pianetta, Z. Liu, and N. Tamura. "D-79 Micro Scanning XRF, Xanes and XRD Studies of the Decorated Surface of Roman Terra Sigillata Ceramics." Powder Diffraction 22, no. 2 (June 2007): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2754435.

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Nakazawa, Takashi, Kazuhiko Nakano, Masaru Yoshida, and Kouichi Tsuji. "Enhancement of XRF intensity by using Au-coated glass monocapillary." Powder Diffraction 26, no. 2 (June 2011): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3591166.

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Results on using X-ray optics with a monocapillary attached to a microfocus Mo X-ray tube for a high-intensity XRF analysis are reported. Au-coated glass monocapillaries with 400 and 700 μm inner diameters were used to obtain focused and intensive incident Mo X-rays for the measurements of XRF intensities from pure metal samples. Intensity enhancements obtained by using the Au-coated monocapillaries were found to be up to 1.5 times higher than those obtained by using similar inner diameter uncoated glass capillaries. The XRF intensity profiles were measured by the wire scanning method to investigate the reasons. The traces of the incident X-rays were calculated by taking into account of X-ray total reflection of the incident X-rays from the inner wall of the capillaries. The calculated XRF intensity profiles agree with those of the measured XRF intensity profiles. The observed enhancements in XRF intensity were the results of the incident X-rays emitted from the Mo X-ray tube being totally reflected on the inner wall of the Au-coated monocapillaries.

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Kantarelou, V., A. G. Karydas, D. Sokaras, L. Mahfouz, A. Qurdab, M. Al-Saadi, M. Giannoulaki, and V. Argyropoulos. "In situ scanning micro-XRF analyses of gilded bronze figurines at the National Museum of Damascus." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 30, no. 8 (2015): 1787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ja00079c.

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Khalili, Parastoo, and Majid Farahmandjou. "Study of α-Fe2O3@ ZnO nanoleaves: Morphological and optical study." Materials Engineering Research 2, no. 1 (2020): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/mer.2020.01.004.

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In this paper, α-Fe2O4@ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by coprecipitation method in the presence of PVP and EG surfactants. The samples were charactrized by x-ray fluorescence (XRF), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD results exhibited rhombohedral α-Fe2O3 and wurtzite structure of ZnO. The SEM images showed that the NPs changed from rod-shape to nanoleaves particles after heat treatment. The TEM studies displayed the formation of Fe2O3@ZnO core-shell of as-synthesized NPs. The stretching vibrations peaks in FTIR in the wavenumber of 532 cm-1 and 473 cm-1 ascribed to the Fe and Zn groups. The XRF data indicated decreasing of the Fe weight percent from 22 %Wt. to 25 %Wt., after heat treatment.

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Alfeld, Matthias, Joana Vaz Pedroso, Margriet van Eikema Hommes, Geert Van der Snickt, Gwen Tauber, Jorik Blaas, Michael Haschke, Klaus Erler, Joris Dik, and Koen Janssens. "A mobile instrument for in situ scanning macro-XRF investigation of historical paintings." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 28, no. 5 (2013): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ja30341a.

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Ebel, M. F., H. Ebel, R. Svagera, M. Heller, J. Wernisch, and R. Kaitna. "Considerations on a 3D-XRF by pixel scanning and variable x-ray geometry." X-Ray Spectrometry 22, no. 4 (July 1993): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.1300220423.

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Velasco Estrada, Leonardo, Jhon Jairo Olaya Florez, and Rodolfo Rodríguez Baracaldo. "The corrosion resistance and microstructure of UBM system-deposited NbxSiyNz thin films." Ingeniería e Investigación 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v32n3.35932.

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NbxSiyNz thin film nanostructure was grown using the unbalanced magnetron sputtering (UBM) technique with varying Si content. Corrosion resistance was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarisation technique in a 3% NaCl solution. Microstructure was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning microscopy. Chemical composition was ascertained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique. The results showed that deposition rates increased with higher Si content. A microstructural change was observed for greater than 5% Si content through the transition from a crystalline to an amorphous structure in the thin films. Corrosion test results demonstrated that the thin films having the highest silicon content had better corrosion resistance.

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Qodri, Rahmat Ravvi, and Ardian Putra. "Studi Alterasi Hidrotermal dan Mineralisasi Batuan di Sekitar Mata Air Panas Garara Bukit Kili, Kabupaten Solok, Sumatera Barat." Jurnal Fisika Unand 7, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jfu.7.3.246-252.2018.

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Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai studi alterasi hidrotermal dan mineralisasi pada batuan di sekitar mata air panas Garara (Bukit Kili), Kabupaten Solok, Sumatera Barat. Sampel batuan diambil pada tiga daerah stratigrafi penyusun daerah Bukit Kili, yaitu Lahar Bukit Bakar (Qulh), Lahar Gunung Talang (QTlh), dan Vulkanik Tua (TTI). Penentuan mineral alterasi yang terbentuk dilakukan dengan melakukan karakterisasi menggunakan X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil XRF menunjukkan bahwa batuan pada daerah penelitian merupakan batuan yang terbentuk dari aktivitas magma andesit yang berkaitan dengan zona subduksi pada pinggiran benua aktif dan dikontrol oleh aliran gas pada proses pengkayaan magma. Hasil XRD memperlihatkan adanya mineral albit, kristobalit, tridimit dan diopsid, tipe alterasi yang terbentuk pada daerah penelitian adalah tipe propilitik, dan silifikasi. Mikrotekstur pada batuan Lahar Gunung Talang (QTlh) memiliki tekstur bulat, kubus, dan prismatik yang tidak beraturanKata kunci: alterasi, andesit, Garara, propilitik, silifikasi, stratigrafi.

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Massaro, Natalia, Cátia Fredericci, Samuel Marcio Toffoli, and Ticiane Sanches Valera. "Characterization of the Non-Polymeric Fraction of Post-Consumer LCD Monitor Housings." Materials Science Forum 912 (January 2018): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.912.218.

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This work aims to characterize the non-polymeric components, usually present as additives to perform different functions, present in the polymer housing of post-consumer computer monitors, in order to help finding the most adequate recycling destination for such material. The non-polymeric fraction was characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), loss on ignition (LOI), chemical analysis by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and atomic absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). TG analysis indicated that the polymer has about 4 wt% of inorganic materials (performed in N2 atmosphere), whereas LOI (performed in ambient atmosphere) indicated just 0.07 wt%. The XRF, SEM/EDS analyses, and atomic absorption spectroscopy of the post-fired material confirmed the presence of many elements. Nonetheless, toxicological relevant elements showed acceptable concentration levels, below 0.01 ppm. The XRD analysis indicated the presence of crystalline phases based on CaCO3, SiO2 and TiO2.

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Silva, Clara Giovana Souza, Geyna Evellyn Silva de Jesus, Jheison Lopes dos Santos, Sergio Neves Monteiro, Roberta Lima de Souza Costa, Alisson Clay Rios da Silva, and Verônica Scarpini Candido. "Microstructural Characterization of Slag Residue Incorporated into Clay for Production of Red Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 1012 (October 2020): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1012.239.

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This study aims to characterize slag and from a steel mill and clays from in the state of Pará, aiming at its incorporation into clays for tiles production. The waste passed through the processing step X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were performed. Besides that, strong and weak clays from state of Pará were also analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD. The results showed that hematite, magnetite and wustite are the predominant phases. The chemical analysis by XRF showed that the residue presents low levels of silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) associated with elevated levels of iron oxide. Thus, the characterization of steel slag showed that this residue presents itself as a potential ceramic constituent and can contribute to the formation of liquid phase during which it would lead to improvement of technological properties such as water absorption and mechanical resistance.

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Ganio, Monica, Douglas MacLennan, Marie Svoboda, Claire Lyons, and Karen Trentelman. "Portrait of an Etruscan Athletic Official: A Multi-Analytical Study of a Painted Terracotta Wall Panel." Heritage 4, no. 4 (December 9, 2021): 4596–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040253.

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The Getty’s Etruscan painted terracotta wall panel, Athletic Official, recently has been speculated to be associated with a Caeretan wall panel depicting a Discobolus based on a shared iconography. To better understand the materials and techniques used to create the Getty panel and investigate its relation to extant Etruscan painted terracotta panels, a multi-analytical study was conducted, using broadband visible, IR, and UV imaging, along with scanning MA-XRF, FORS, Raman, SEM-EDS, and XRD analytical techniques. The analytical results together with PCA analysis suggest the clay support of the Getty panel is most similar in composition to that of panels from Cerveteri. A manganese black was identified in the decorative scheme; not commonly employed, this appears to be an important marker for the workshop practice in Cerveteri. Most significantly, the use of MA-XRF scanning allowed for invisible ruling lines on the Athletic Official, presumably laid down at the earliest stages of the creation of the panel, to be visualized. Taken together, the results of this study provide new insights into Caeretan workshop practice as well as provide a framework for better understanding the design and execution of Etruscan polychromy.

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Luth, Stefan, Fredrik Sahlström, Mikael Bergqvist, Alexander Hansson, Edward P. Lynch, Stefan Sädbom, Erik Jonsson, Stefan S. Andersson, and Nikolaos Arvanitidis. "Combined X-Ray Computed Tomography and X-Ray Fluorescence Drill Core Scanning for 3-D Rock and Ore Characterization: Implications for the Lovisa Stratiform Zn-Pb Deposit and Its Structural Setting, Bergslagen, Sweden." Economic Geology 117, no. 6 (September 1, 2022): 1255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4929.

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Abstract We present the results of a pilot study that integrates automated drill core scanning technology based on simultaneous X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses to provide high-spatial-resolution (<0.2 mm) information on 3-D rock textures and structures, chemical composition, and density. Testing of its applicability for mineral exploration and research was performed by scanning and analyzing 1,500 m of drill core from the Paleoproterozoic Lovisa stratiform Zn-Pb sulfide deposit, which is part of a larger mineral system also including Cu-Co and Fe-(rare earth element) mineralization, hosted by the highly strained West Bergslagen boundary zone in south-central Sweden. The obtained scanning data complements data derived from structural field mapping, drill core logs, and chemical analysis as well as from multiscale 3-D geologic modeling at Lovisa. Data integration reveals macro- and mesoscopic folding of S0/S1 by asymmetric steeply SE-plunging F2 folds and N-striking vertical F3 folds. Stretching lineations, measured directly from the scanning imagery, trend parallel to F2 fold hinges and modeled ore shoots at the nearby Håkansboda Cu-Co and Stråssa and Blanka Fe deposits. The textural character of the Lovisa ore zones is revealed in 3-D by XCT-XRF scanning and highlight remobilization of Zn and Pb from primary layering into ductile and brittle structures. The downhole bulk geochemical trends seen in scanning and traditional assay data are generally comparable but with systematic variations for some elements due to currently unresolved XRF spectral overlaps (e.g., Co and Fe). The 3-D deformation pattern at Lovisa is explained by D2 sinistral transpression along the West Bergslagen boundary zone in response to regional north-south crustal shortening at ca. 1.84–1.81 Ga. Local refolding was caused by D3 regional east-west crustal shortening resulting in dextral transpression along the West Bergslagen boundary zone, presumably at ca. 1.80–1.76 Ga. Based on polyphase ore textures and modeled ore shoots aligned to F2 fold hinges, we postulate that D2 and D3 transpressive deformation exerted both a strong control on ore remobilization and the resulting orebody geometries at Lovisa and neighboring deposits within the West Bergslagen boundary zone. We conclude that the combined XCT-XRF drill core scanning technique provides a valuable tool for 3-D ore and rock characterization, generating continuous downhole data sets, with the potential for increasing precision and efficiency in mineral exploration and mining.

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Valadas, S., A. Candeias, J. Mirão, D. Tavares, J. Coroado, Rolf Simon, A. S. Silva, M. Gil, A. Guilherme, and M. L. Carvalho. "Study of Mural Paintings Using In Situ XRF, Confocal Synchrotron-μ-XRF, μ-XRD, Optical Microscopy, and SEM-EDS—The Case of the Frescoes from Misericordia Church of Odemira." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, no. 5 (September 5, 2011): 702–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927611000195.

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AbstractIn this work, we present the results of an analytical method developed for detailed pigment identification, stratigraphy, and degradation of the paint layers of mural paintings applied in the study of the 17th century frescoes from the Misericordia Church of Odemira (Southwest Portugal). In situ X-ray fluorescence spectrometry analyses were performed on three panels of the mural paintings and complemented by colorimetric measurements. The different color areas were also sampled as microfragments (approx. 1 mm2) that were studied as taken or mounted in epoxy resin to expose the different paint layers. The microfragments of paint layers and their cross sections were characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Furthermore, elemental analysis was obtained with spatially resolved confocal synchrotron radiation μ-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry performed at ANKA synchrotron FLUO beamline. Occasionally, phase analysis by μ-X-ray diffraction was also performed. Results from the different techniques allowed pigment identification and, in some cases, the evaluation of color changes due to degradation processes and, considering the Southern Portugal geology, the identification of their possible provenance. The pigments used were essentially yellow, brown and red ochres, smalt blue, copper green, and black earths, probably from local sources.

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Klemkaite, Kristina, Igoris Prosycevas, Ricardas Taraskevicius, Alexander Khinsky, and Aivaras Kareiva. "Synthesis and characterization of layered double hydroxides with different cations (Mg, Co, Ni, Al), decomposition and reformation of mixed metal oxides to layered structures." Open Chemistry 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0007-9.

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AbstractThree layered double hydroxides (LDH) [Mg1−xAlx(OH)2]x+(Am−)x/m]·nH2O and [MII 1−xMIII x (OH)2]x+(Am−)x/m]·nH2O (MII — Mg, Co, Ni; MIII — Al; A — CO3 2−) were successfully synthesized by the low supersaturation method. The as-synthesized LDH samples were thermally decomposed and the derived mixed metal oxides reformed back to layered structures in water and magnesium nitrate media at different temperatures. All synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of XRD and XRF analyses showed that single-phase layered double hydroxides were formed during synthesis and reformation. It was demonstrated, that a partially substituted by cobalt and nickel LDH samples also show memory effect. The crystallite size of regenerated LDH depends on the regeneration media, temperature and chemical composition. The LDH samples after regeneration consist of large particles with sharp edges along with a large amount of smaller particles

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Ohmori, Takashi, Masatoshi Hatayama, Tadayuki Ohchi, Hisashi Ito, Hisataka Takenaka, and Kouichi Tsuji. "Development of X-ray 2D dispersive device for WD-XRF imaging spectrometer." Powder Diffraction 27, no. 2 (June 2012): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715612000358.

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Micro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis provides us with elemental maps that are very useful for understanding the samples under test. Usually, scanning-type elemental mapping is performed. That means a sample stage is scanned to a fixed X-ray microbeam. XRF analysis is performed at the scanned points, leading to 2D elemental mapping. One of the drawbacks of this technique is the long acquisition time depending on the area being mapped and the lateral resolution required. Thus, projection-type elemental mapping has been studied. We have studied the projection type XRF imaging by using a straight polycapillary optic combined with an X-ray CCD camera. To obtain the elemental map, we applied a wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDS). In this paper, we report a newly developed 2D dispersive device. The construction and analytical performance of this X-ray optic will be explained.

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Scialla, Elvira, Paola Improda, Jessica Brocchieri, Marco Cardinali, Angela Cerasuolo, Alessandra Rullo, Andrea Zezza, and Carlo Sabbarese. "Study of ‘Cona degli Ordini’ by Colantonio with IR and XRF Analyses." Heritage 6, no. 2 (February 6, 2023): 1785–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6020095.

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Two paintings by the Neapolitan Renaissance painter Colantonio were studied with two non-invasive techniques to enrich the technical–scientific documentation. Infrared reflectography (IR) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses were performed on Saint Jerome in the studio and Saint Francis delivering the Rule, paintings preserved in the Museo e Real Bosco di Capodimonte. The IR scanning was performed to look beyond the visible layers of the paint for the preparatory drawings and pentimenti, or changes made during the painting process. The XRF technique was applied in many points to determine the elemental composition and enable the identification of pigments and materials used in paint and in the preparatory layers. Elemental XRF mapping was also carried out on a region of particular interest. Results provide an initial overview and hypothesis of color palette and techniques used by the artist.

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Edwards, Nicholas P., Samuel M. Webb, Courtney M. Krest, Douglas van Campen, Phillip L. Manning, Roy A. Wogelius, and Uwe Bergmann. "A new synchrotron rapid-scanning X-ray fluorescence (SRS-XRF) imaging station at SSRL beamline 6-2." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 5 (August 28, 2018): 1565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518010202.

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This paper describes a new large-range rapid-scan X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging station at beamline 6-2 at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. This station uses a continuous rapid-scan system with a scan range of 1000 × 600 mm and a load capacity of up to 25 kg, capable of 25–100 µm resolution elemental XRF mapping and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of a wide range of objects. XRF is measured using a four-element Hitachi Vortex ME4 silicon drift detector coupled to a Quantum Detectors Xspress3 multi-channel analyzer system. A custom system allows the X-ray spot size to be changed quickly and easilyviapinholes ranging from 25 to 100 µm, and the use of a poly-capillary or axially symmetric achromatic optic may achieve a <10 µm resolution in the future. The instrument is located at wiggler beamline 6-2 which has an energy range of 2.1–17 keV, creatingKemission for elements up to strontium, andLorMemission for all other elements. XAS can also be performed at selected sample positions within the same experiment, allowing for a more detailed chemical characterization of the elements of interest. Furthermore, sparse excitation energy XRF imaging can be performed over a wide range of incident X-ray energies. User friendliness has been emphasized in all stages of the experiment, including versatile sample mounts, He purged chambers for low-Zanalyses, and intuitive visualization hardware and software. The station provides analysis capabilities for a wide range of materials and research fields including biological, chemical, environmental and materials science, paleontology, geology and cultural heritage.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Scanning XRF'

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