Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Scanner tomographique'
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Jaquet, Clara. "Vers la simulation de perfusion du myocarde à partir d'image tomographique scanner." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1117/document.
Full textRecent advances in medical image computing have allowed automatedsystems to closely assist physicians in patient therapy. Computationaland personalized patient models benefit diagnosis, prognosisand treatment planning, with a decreased risk for the patient,as well as potentially lower cost. HeartFlow Inc. is a successfull exampleof a company providing such a service in the cardiovascularcontext. Based on patient-specific vascular model extracted from XrayCT images, they identify functionally significant disease in largecoronary arteries. Their combined anatomical and functional analysisis nonetheless limited by the image resolution. At the downstreamscale, a functional exam called Myocardium Perfusion Imaging (MPI)highlights myocardium regions with blood flow deficit. However,MPI does not functionally relate perfusion to the upstream coronarydisease.The goal of our project is to build the functional bridge betweencoronary and myocardium, by extrapolating the functional analysisfrom large coronary toward the capillary bed. This objective requiresextension from the coronary model down to the microvasculaturecombined with a functional analysis leading to the myocardium compartment.We expand a tree generation method subjected to functional principles,named Constrained Constructive Optimization, to generate multiplecompeting vascular trees. The algorithm simulates angiogenesisunder vascular volume minimization with flow-related and geometricalconstraints, adapting the simultaneous tree growths to patientpriors. This method provides a hybrid image-based and synthetic geometricmodel, starting from segmented epicardium coronary downto synthetic arterioles, filling the left ventricle myocardium.We then build a multiscale functional analysis pipeline to allowblood flow simulation from the coronaries to the myocardium. Thisis achieved with a 1D coronary model compatible with the hybridvasculature, and a spatial blood flow distribution analysis of the terminalsegments. The latter is performed using a similar nomenclatureto MPI, to enable patient-specific comparison with functional groundtruthdata.We connected the vascular anatomy to blood flow distribution inthe myocardium on several patient datasets. This multiscale frameworkpoints out several leads to refine the vascular network generationand fluid simulation methods. This patient-specific anatomicaland functional extrapolation is a first gateway toward myocardiumperfusion from X-ray CT data. Building such personalized computational model of patient could potentially help investigating cardiovascularcomplex physio-pathology, and, finally, improve the patientcare
Laurendeau, Matthieu. "Tomographic incompleteness maps and application to image reconstruction and stationary scanner design." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAL0130.
Full textComputed tomography (CT) is one of the most commonly used modality for three-dimensional (3D) imaging in the medical and industrial fields. In the past few years, new X-ray sources have been developed based on carbon nanotube (CNT) cathodes. Their compact size enables the design of a new generation of multi-source CT scanners. In contrast to traditional systems with a single moving source, these scanners often adopt stationary architectures where multiple sources are static. It would benefit both industry with cheaper and motionless systems and medical applications with light-weight and mobile scanners which could be brought to emergency sites. However, this type of scanner uses a fewer number of measurements, known as projections, and may acquire data with a limited range of angles, leading to well-known image reconstruction challenges. This thesis focuses on the design of such stationary CT scanners. Three axes of study were investigated. The first contribution is the development of an object-independent metric to assess the reconstruction capability of a given scanning geometry. Based on Tuy's condition, the metric evaluates local tomographic incompleteness and is visualized through 3D vector field maps. It is further extended to handle truncated projections, improving its applicability to real-world configurations. The metric enables ranking different geometries, predicting image quality reconstruction, and identifying the origin of geometric artifacts. It is applied to a variety of geometries, including existing scanners. The second is a novel local regularization method to address limited-angle reconstruction challenges. The method employs a directional total variation (DTV) regularizer whose strength and directional weights are adaptively selected at each voxel. The weights are determined based on the previously introduced metric. Two approaches for directional weights were explored: ratio-based weighting relative to image axes and ellipse-based weighting. The reconstruction algorithm is evaluated in both 2D and 3D simulations, considering noiseless and noisy data, as well as real data. The third is a tool for optimizing the geometry of CT scanners. Given a fixed number of sources and the surface area available for their positions, the tool optimizes the placement of sources based on the proposed metric. Several state-of-the-art optimization algorithms were implemented and tested on simple 2D and 3D scenarios
Louis, Nicolas Desgranges Pascal. "Étude au scanner multibarrettes des dissections aigues de type A opérées." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0247917.pdf.
Full textBergeron, Mélanie. "Évaluation des performances du scanner LabPET." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4008.
Full textDellestable, Pierre Schmutz Jean-Luc. "Tomographie par émission de positons au fluoro-désoxyglucose couplée au scanner (TEP-TDM)." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2007_DELLESTABLE_PIERRE.pdf.
Full textJürgensen, Nadia. "Étalonnage automatique des détecteurs pour scanner LabPET II." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11104.
Full textKemgue, Alain Trésor. "Modélisation des formes volumiques complexes par des volumes quadriques. Application à la représentation de l'espace poral du sol à partir des images tomographiques 3D." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS158.pdf.
Full textMost of the natural shapes have complex volume forms that are usually difficult to model using simple analytical equations. The complexity of the representation is due to the heterogeneity of the physical environment and the variety of phenomena involved. In our study, we are interested by the complex volume shapes structures representation from computed tomographic images. Thanks to the technological advances in Computed Tomography scanners, the image acquisition of complex shapes becomes possible. However, these image data are not directly usable for simulation or modeling purposes. In this thesis, we investigate an approach of modeling of such shapes which consists in making a piecewise approximation of the image data by quadric volumes. We propose to use a split-merge strategy and a region growing algorithm to optimize a function that includes both an approximation error term and a scale factor term that is opposed to it. The input of our algorithms is voxel-based shape description and the result is a set of tangent or disjoint quadric volumes representing the shape in an intrinsic way. We apply our method to represent 3D soil pore space obtained from the Computed Tomography scanners. Within this specific context, we validate our geometrical modeling by performing simulations of water draining and microbial decomposition activities on real data soil sample. This study involves several ecological, agricultural and industrial issues
Michetti, Jérôme. "Segmentation endodontique sur des images scanner 3D : méthodes et validation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30186.
Full textIn dental offices, endodontic or root canal treatments are daily performed (over 6 million treatments per year in France). A good knowledge of the root canal anatomy (inside of the tooth or pulp) is an indispensable prerequisite for ensuring the success of root canal treatment. To understand and overpass common morphological variations which are potential source of failures during the treatment, two-dimensional (2D) intra buccal radiography can help dental surgeons. However, distortion, anatomical compression and neighboring anatomical structures superposition reduce image quality and do not allow an accurate qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the root canal anatomy. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) available in dental offices might be an alternative by providing 3D reconstructions of dento-maxillofacial structures. But the evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of dental CBCT devices in identifying root canal anatomy is necessary to justify their indication in endodontic treatment. Indeed, root canal segmentation on (CBCT) images is difficult because of the noise level, resolution limitations, and to the difficulty to validate results. To help dental surgeons in root canal treatment, this thesis aims at providing image processing methods in order to develop segmentation and visualization methods of the inside of the teeth. To begin with, we have introduced the root canal morphology, the different rules of the root canal treatment and described technical specifications of CBCT devices. We also investigated existing techniques and methods to explore quantitatively root canal anatomy on high resolution microcomputed tomography (µCT) images. Afterwards, we proposed a method to evaluate CBCT endodontic segmentation results by comparing with equivalent µCT data. To validate this method and to test endodontic segmentation on CBCT images, we developed a local adaptive thresholding and evaluated results on extracted teeth. To ensure validation on image quality similar to in vivo condition (quality reduced by anatomical structures in and out of the field of view), we designed and validated a periodontal phantom which are made around extracted teeth and allowing to preserve comparison with the ground truth providing by the µCT. At the end of the thesis, we evocated our perspectives based on deep learning and our first results to compensate image quality reduction in order to test endodontic segmentation in clinical condition
Gonzalez, Garza Mario Alberto. "Utilisation d'un scanner médical pour l'étude de l'endommagement des alliages d'aluminium et leurs composites." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0706.
Full textThis study deals with the application of x-ray tomography to the control and characterization of aluminum alloys and their composites. The proposed work provides a good understanding of the interaction between x-ray - material, giving more information for accurate results. Thus, a theoretical assessment of the interaction between the x-ray and the material is presented during the first part of the thesis. Afterwards, different parameters related to the slice reconstruction were analyzed to propose an utilization methodology of the medical scanner in the industrial field. The second part of this research consisted in studying applications related to the industrial production and to the research on this field. Some of the results showed, at macroscopic level, that the scanner provides significant information for the cast defects detection and for the dimensional analysis. At mesoscopic level, the distribution of reinforcements and porosities can be highlighted. Finally, it has been shown by plastic deformation tests; that the scanner resolution makes it possible to distinguish samples grain size and texture
Quatrehomme, Auréline. "Caractérisation des lésions hépatiques focales sur des acquisitions scanner multiphasiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20207/document.
Full textMedical imaging acquisition has taken benefits from recent advances and is becoming more and more important in the patient care process. New needs raise, which are related to image processing. Hepatic lesion recognition is a hot topic, especially because liver cancer is wide-spread and leads to death, most of the time because of the diagnosis which is made too late. In this context is born this manuscrit research project, a collaboration between IMAIOS company and the Laboratory of Informatics, Robotics and Micro-electronics ofMontpellier (LIRMM).This thesis presents a complete and automated system that extracts visual features from lesion images in the medical format DICOM, then differenciate them on these features.The various described contributions are: intensity normalization using healthy liver values, analysis and experimentations around new visual features, which use temporal information or tissue density, different kind of caracterisation of the lesions. This work has been done on multi-phase Computed Tomography acquisitions
Thibaudeau, Christian. "Développement d'algorithmes de reconstruction statistique appliqués en tomographie rayons-X assistée par ordinateur." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1539.
Full textBenhouria, Maher. "Stabilisation de la chaîne d'acquisition analogique du scanner LabPET[indice supérieur TM] II." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10157.
Full textSaccardy, Fabrice. "Intérêt du scanner multicoupe dans la détection et la caractérisation des anévrismes intracrâniens : comparaison avec l'artériographie numérisée." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT1061.
Full textPerrin, Stéphanie. "Évaluation de la microarchitecture osseuse in vivo chez la femme par un nouveau scanner périphérique à haute résolution : application à la fragilité osseuse liée à l'ostéoporose." Lyon 1, 2008. http://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m64b2zd4.
Full textBone microarchitecture is one of the determinants of bone quality that can now be evaluated in vivo at the distal radius and tibia with an isotropic resolution of 82μm with a new high-resolution peripheral scanner (XtremeCT, SCANCO Medical AG). Our studies show that this technique is promising to assess bone density and microarchitecture at peripheral skeletal sites, both in terms of reproducibility (CV ranging from 0. 7 to 4. 4%) and ability to detect age and disease-related changes (osteopenia or osteoporosis). We also demonstrated that this microarchitecture is associated with fragility fractures partly independent of bone density as assessed by DXA. When finite element analysis was added to this technique, we determined that bone mechanical properties can provide information about skeletal fragility and fracture risk not assessed by density or microarchitecture measurements alone
Simon, Antoine. "Extraction et caractérisation du mouvement cardiaque en imagerie scanner multibarrette." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00284654.
Full textSamson, Arnaud. "Conception d’un système d’alignement temporel basé sur une sonde temporelle pour le scanner LabPET II." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11847.
Full textBergeron, Mélanie. "Construction et expérimentation d'un scanner bimodal TEP/TDM combiné de résolution spatiale submillimétrique pour petits animaux." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6755.
Full textLorin, Jean-Louis. "Place et limites du toucher rectal et du scanner dans le bilan préopératoire des cancers du bas rectum." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23083.
Full textAggarwal, Kajal. "Impact of preclinical PET scanner characteristics on the overall image quality." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE028.
Full textPositron Emission Tomography (PET) is one of the nuclear imaging techniques, used in the field of oncology, cardiology and neurology as a functional imaging modality. During the last three decades, advancement of PET modality and the development of animal models of human disease have lead to the development of PET technology dedicated to small animals. Due to the size difference between humans and mice, small animal scanners require improved spatial resolution. Due to the improved spatial resolution, the voxel size decreases significantly thereby, reducing the number of signals from a voxel. Higher the detected counts, higher the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), thus improvement in the detection efficiency also plays an important role. Our objective is to study the impact of PET scanner characteristics on the overall image quality. To achieve this, we have simulated four different scanner designs. The idea behind the selected scanner designs studied in this thesis is to progressively add an extra dimension in the estimated position of interaction of the gamma photon, i.e., going from 2D detection to 3D detection. We demonstrated that it is possible to decouple the spatial resolution and detection efficiency, improving both simultaneously. Further, we characterized that improving spatial resolution results in improved Recovery Coefficient (RC). Detection efficiency impacts the SNR, which further impacts the estimated error in the RC values. However, there are other factors such as image reconstruction approach and normalization corrections that degrade these error values. Thus, it is important to not only improve the performance parameters of the scanners but also to accurately implement the image reconstruction process, so as to correctly quantify the improvement in the image quality
Koua, Konin Miloud-Calliste. "Conception d'un préamplificateur de charge faible bruit pour un scanner TEP/TDM en technologie CMOS 0,18 [micromètre]." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1535.
Full textGeoffroy, Charles. "Récupération en temps réel de coïncidences diffuses triples dans un scanner TEP à l'aide d'un réseau de neurones artificiels." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6177.
Full textLilamand, Matthieu. "Apports des biomarquers amyloïdes dans la caractérisation de la plainte mnésique du sujet âgé." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS342.
Full textThe biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have enabled the identification of its pathological features, many years before the onset of clinical symptoms. Positon Emission Tomography (PET) using radiotracers binding the amyloid plaques has, indeed, paved the way for new perspectives. However, these biomarkers have only been studies in small populations so far, with limited follow-up. Moreover, their high costs allow us to question their performances in view of their relationship to physical and cognitive assessment instruments. The main goal of our work was to assess the interest of amyloid PET in a well-phenotyped population of elderly subjects reporting memory complaints, associated with objective cognitive impairment or not. Our studied population comprised 271 participants from the MAPT trial aged 70 and over, without major cognitive impairment, who performed amyloid PET examination. The first analysis studied the socio-demographical and clinical characteristics of individuals depending on the presence of brain amyloid deposition or episodic memory impairment. A second study examined the cross-sectional association between brain amyloid load and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) performance. The last analysis focused of the longitudinal change in IADL abilities between amyloid positive and amyloid negative participants over the 3-year follow-up.Amyloid positive subjects showed poorer abilities in IADL compared to their amyloid negative counterparts, despite similar cognitive performance. Brain amyloid load also impacted the daily functioning of individuals over time, taking in consideration confounding factors such as age, randomization group and ApoE genotyping. These findings confirmed the relationship of brain amyloid deposition to subtle changes in IADL abilities, even in the absence of cognitive impairment. Yet, the absence of disease modifying agents as well as uncertainties regarding the long-term evolution of asymptomatic individuals showing a positive biomarker are still to be determined. Further longitudinal studies including older old participants are warranted to address these concerns
Alokhina, Marharyta. "Design of the Cherenkov TOF whole-body PET scanner using GATE simulation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS279/document.
Full textIn this thesis we present the conception and performance studies of the foreseen Cherenkov whole-body positron emission scanner with time-of-flight potential (PECHE project). Our results and conclusions are based on the GATE simulation for following scanner configurations: lead fluoride crystal coupled with micro-channel-plate photomultiplier. This crystal is characterized by high density, transparency for photons in ultraviolet region, and one of the highest photoelectric fraction of about 46%. The chosen photomultiplier is fast, pixelized detector of a large size with a reasonable quantum efficiency, of 25% for 400 nm photon wavelength. Due to these properties, it is possible to create an efficient 511-keV gamma detector with a crystal thickness of the order of 10 mm(one interaction length) and hence minimize the length and dispersion of the photon trajectories, leading to better time resolution. We considered different configurations of the elementary detectors such as crystal thicknesses of 10 and 20 mm, the detector ring diameter of 80 and 90 cm, various options of the crystal coating (black, diffuse white and polished) and two optical interfaces (molecular bonding and conventional assembling with an optical gel). As an optimal configuration we chose a three-ring pet scanner with diameter of the ring 80 cm, 10 mm-thick crystal, protected with lead shielding. Molecular bonding gives better photo-collection if compare with configuration with optical gel. We estimated the potential of the foreseen scanner following the prescription of the NEMA NU 2-2012 standard. In particular, we evaluated the noise equivalent count rate (NECR), spatial resolution, image contrast recovery coefficients versus background variability for the NEMA image quality phantom. Reconstruction of images is done using iterative TOF algorithm implemented in the recently developed open source reconstruction platform CASToR. We concluded that due to an excellent TOF resolution a crystal-based Cherenkov whole-body scanner could achieve performances comparable with a conventional, scintillation-based tomograph. The use of the Cherenkov radiation allows to achieve even much better TOF resolution, but currently it is limited by the transit time spread of the existing photomultipliers, a low number of the detected optical photons, and a limited photon collection efficiency in a crystal. Limitations identified in this study will be addressed in the future development of the improved photodetector using the PbWO₄ radiator, which allows to conceive a whole-body PET scanner with an excellent TOF performance
Diallo, Ibrahima. "Etude physique de la détection pour la tomographie de transmission avec simulateur-scanneur : mise en oeuvre d'une barrette d'oxysulfure de gadolinium." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30202.
Full textTanguy, Quentin. "Design and fabrication of a MEMS scanner for OCT imaging endo-microscopic probe." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://indexation.univ-fcomte.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8d6ab7ed-eac5-4e11-997b-f9e9af4e8808.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript consists in the conception of an electro-thermo-mechanical optical micro-scanner. In a first time, a design and a model are proposed and the micro-device was fabricated, characterized and a draft of integration onto a Mirau micro-interferometer was carried out in order to build an endoscopic probe for the detection of early stage gastrointestinal cancers using an imaging technique called Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The very contribution of the thesis is the development and the fabrication of micro actuators driven electrothermally to control the angular position a micro mirror plate conceived in this purpose. Different architectures of micro-scanners are proposed to best comply with the specifications determined by both the optical expectations and the medical standards requirements of the final apparatus emph{in vivo}.This work, part of a project called textquote{DEMO4} was financed by the French LabEx Action funding source in cooperation between the departments AS2M and MN2S of the French research institute Femto-ST as well as the university of Florida in the USA to deliver a first demonstrator of endoscopic OCT probe.Several batches of fabrication were realized my means of techniques of ac{CMOS}-based microfabrication in exchange between Femto-ST and the university of Florida before being assembled (for lack of monolithic integration capability) onto a micro-interferometer using automated processes specifically developed in this purpose.Finally, an experimental setup is proposed to characterize in order to evaluate the performances achieved and initiate the first tests of optical imaging using the micro-system
Hyafil, Fabien. "Imagerie non invasive de la plaque d'athérosclérose vulnérable : place de la médecine nucléaire, du scanner et de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077170.
Full textAcute coronary syndromes are often associated to rupture or erosion of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, which are characterized by their specific cellular and biological composition rather than by their impact on the vessel lumen. Identification of atherosclerotic plaques at risk of rupture with non invasive imaging techniques could be useful for risk stratification and early implementation of therapies aimed at plaque stabilization. In this work, we first describe the various histological and biological characteristics of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques that will help to define potential targets for the different imaging techniques of vulnerable plaques. We then discuss the specific issues related to the development of radiotracers or contrast agents aimed at detecting biological activities in atherosclerotic plaques. We give a comprehensive overview of the current imaging techniques that allows for the detection of certain characteristics of vulnérable atherosclerotic plaques using scintigraphy, positron emission tomography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finally, we describe the recent works that demonstrate the detection of specific biological activities present in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, such as increased phagocytosis of inflammatory cells, neoangiogenesis and high proteolytic activities, using novel contrast agents for CT and MRI
SUSSAN, JEAN-MARC. "Etude des correlations anatomo-fonctionnelles entre la r. M. N. , le scanner et le spect : applications pratiques a partir de la ligne orbito-meatale (om) et de la ligne planum-sphenoidal-sinus lateral (pls)." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE6809.
Full textBen, Attouch Mohamed Walid. "Conception d'un capteur de température, d'un récepteur LVSD et d'un générateur de charge en technologie CMOS 0,18 um pour un scanner TEP/TDM." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1622.
Full textBouziri, Haithem. "Identification de cristaux dans un phoswich par la méthode de mesure de temps au dessus d'un seuil (ToT) pour le scanner LabPET II." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6157.
Full textLapointe, Eric. "Scanner pour tomographie optique diffuse sans contact à canaux de détection dans le domaine temporel à deux bandes de longueur d'onde pour imagerie intrinsèque et par fluorescence sur petit animal." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1619.
Full textLullin, Justine. "Design, simulation and fabrication of a vertical microscanner for phase modulation interferometry - Application to optical coherence tomography system for skin imaging." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2010/document.
Full textThis thesis describes the design, simulation and fabrication of a vertically actuated 4x4 array ofmicromirrors with embedded position sensing function. The vertical microscanner is meant to beintegrated within an array-type Mirau microinterferometer realized with optical microcomponentsfabricated using collective techniques. The microscanner, developed in this thesis, provides areference signal that is used for the implementation of phase modulation interferometery in an opticalcoherence tomography (OCT) system. This thesis first introduces the need for adapted imagingsystems for the early diagnosis of skin cancer and establishes the optical specifications requiredby this specific application. Based on these specifications, the design of the OCT system based onthe Mirau microinterferometer is presented. In parallel, the state of the art of the microactuationtechnologies is discussed and comb drive electrostatic actuation is chosen, for its compatibilitywith the design of the Mirau microinterferometer, to actuate and sense the position of the array ofmicromirrors. Then, the core of the thesis deals with the development of the vertical microscanner,i.e. its design and simulations, its fabrication and its characterization
Gouy, Sébastien. "Lymphadénectomie lombo-aortique extrapéritonéale et single-port dans les cancers du col localement avancés : faisabilité, reproductibilité, aspects ergonomiques et intérêt en termes de survie à l'ère de la tomographie par émission de positron (TEP) couplé au scanner (TDM)." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880342.
Full textChopard, dit Jean Romain. "Apport des technologies d'imagerie non invasives dans l'évaluation du pronostic des pathologies cardiovasculaires." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA0005/document.
Full textIn this doctoral thesis, we report on five original studies that use three différent non-invasive cardiovascular imaging techniques:- In an ex vivo study of human coronary arteries, we show that 64-slice computed tomography (CT) scan isnot capable of distinguishing between différent components of plaques. Indeed, it is impossible todifferentiate between fibrous and lipid plaques. Our study also showed that intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) should not be used as thé référence method in studies of plaque composition, since this techniquealso suffers from numerous limitations.- Our study of thé efficacy of thrombo-aspiration showed a significant benefit with effective extraction ofthrombus during thrombo-aspiration at thé acute phase of ST élévation myocardial infarction (STEMI),notably with a réduction of thé extent of no-reflow and of infarct size as evaluated by magnetic résonanceimaging (MRI). Productive thrombo-aspiration was shown in our study to be an independent predictor offinal infarct size. Effective extraction of thrombotic material could be considered in thé cathlab as acriterion for evaluating thé success of thé thrombo-aspiration procédure.- Our study of acute coronary syndromes with normal coronary arteries confirmed thé utility of MRI inestablishing thé etiology of this clinical présentation, and made it possible to establish an etiologicaldiagnosis in two-thirds of patients. We also observed excellent outcomes in thé third of patients in whomMRI did not find any myocardial anomalies. Larger studies are warranted to confirm thèse findings.- Based on cardiac MRI performed in patients presenting a first épisode of STEMI, we established athreshold value of troponin that predicts thé occurrence of no-reflow.- Lastly, using speckle-tracking analysis, we demonstrated impaired systolic right ventricular function inpatients with intermediate to high risk pulmonary embolism (PE), evaluated by altérations in longitudinalstrain values at thé level of thé right ventricle, compared to a control group of patients with low risk PE
Niu, Pei. "Multi-energy image reconstruction in spectral photon-counting CT." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI022.
Full textSpectral photon-counting CT (sCT) appeared recently as a new imaging technique presenting fundamental advantages with respect to conventional CT and duel-energy CT. However, due to the reduced number of photons in each energy bin of sCT and various artifacts, image reconstruction becomes particularly difficult. This thesis focuses on the reconstruction of multi-energy images in sCT. First, we propose to consider the ability of sCT to achieve simultaneously both anatomical (aCT) and functional imaging (fCT) in one single acquisition through reconstruction and material decomposition. aCT function of sCT is studied under the same configuration as that of conventional CT, and fCT function of sCT is investigated by applying material decomposition algorithms to the same acquired multi-energy data. Then, since noise is a particularly acute problem due to the largely reduced number of photons in each energy bin of sCT, we introduce denoising mechanism in the image reconstruction to perform simultaneous reconstruction and denoising. Finally, to improve image reconstruction, we propose to reconstruct the image at a given energy bin by exploiting information in all other energy bins. The key strategy in such approach consists of grouping the similar pixels from the reconstruction of all the energy bins into the same class, fitting within each class, mapping the fitting results into each energy bin, and denoising with the mapped information. It is used both as a post-denoising operation to demonstrate its effectiveness and as a regularization term or a combined regularization term for simultaneous reconstruction and denoising. All the above methods are evaluated on both simulation and real data from a pre-clinical sCT system
Travelletti, Julien. "Imagerie multi-paramètres et multi-résolutions pour l'observation et la caractérisation des mécanismes de glissements-coulées." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806806.
Full textBradu, Adrian. "Methodes Optiques d'exploration des tissus biologiques. Spectrometrie des tissus cerebraux au moyen des sondes miniatures a fibres optiques et imagerie par Tomographie Optique Coherente." Phd thesis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007180.
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