Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Scale'
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Pokorny, Andrew. "Chord-Specific Scalar Material in Classical Music: An Adaptation of Jazz Chord-Scale Theory." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18443.
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Jazz chord-scale theory identifies scales that can be used to embellish a particular type of chord. It has fostered the notion that chords can generate their own local scales. This idea as well as many of the scale types that jazz chord-scale theory identifies are essentially foreign to classical music theory, which instead tends to focus on the scales that represent relatively global key areas--that is, the scales that accommodate entire chord successions. Both the jazz and classical perspectives can coexist, and each can inform and supplement the other.
This study explores implications of the jazz chord-scale perspective for classical music and classical music theory. The scalar notes and intervals that embellish a particular chord are referred to as chord-specific scalar material (CSSM). Following the suggestion of jazz chord-scale theory and Ramon Satyendra's chord spaces, each chordal zone can exhibit its own local tonal hierarchy potentially consisting of a local tonic note (usually a chord root), chordal notes and intervals, scalar notes and intervals, and sub-scalar notes and intervals. Focusing particularly on the scalar level of these chord-specific tonal hierarchies, CSSM is a relatively foreground phenomenon that can be understood against the backdrop of a deeper, uninterrupted scalar space that is associated with the key of the passage at hand. A chord succession can occupy the deeper scalar space while each chord is embellished with CSSM suggestive of potentially different local scalar spaces.
This study considers examples of CSSM spanning the music of Bach through Fauré, and it proposes a classification of four general types of CSSM found in classical repertoire. Each type suggests a different theoretical derivation for examples of CSSM, and each type has its own implications for tonal function (both locally and globally), coherence, and color. The fourth type apparently did not emerge until the Romantic era.
Special attention is given to CSSM in the music of Gabriel Fauré, who seemingly developed rather innovative CSSM techniques. Practical benefits of this theoretical approach for today's composers, improvisers, and performers are also considered. Various techniques for generating CSSM are offered, and further scalar possibilities are explored.2016-09-29
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Dempster, Tim. "Integrated crustal processes : micro-scale to macro-scale." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7147/.
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This thesis contains a selection of forty-three research papers [1-43], published by the author that investigate key processes in the formation and stabilization of continental crust. The processes are addressed at a micro-scale and linked to crustal processes at a global scale. Many of the studies included in this thesis take an integrated but novel approach, typically combining disciplines in ways different to "traditional" research on crustal rocks and/or studying mineral groups in ways not typically used to investigate crustal processes. Metamorphic equilibrium in rocks is driven by the thermodynamic forces controlling the stability of mineral assemblages, and is inhibited by kinetic inertia of mineral reactions. It is the balance between these two factors that controls metamorphic reactions. Much existing literature on metamorphic processes is concerned with assessing thermodynamically constrained equilibrium conditions. This thesis includes many studies that emphasize the importance of chemical disequilibrium preserved by individual minerals and the kinetic consequences for metamorphic processes [1,2,3,4]. Deformation and volume diffusion are recognized as key factors in allowing thermodynamic equilibrium to be established between minerals and the significance of many metamorphic changes is re-evaluated. It is within polymetamorphic rocks that the kinetic "problems" associated with metamorphic reactions are most apparent, such that only rocks that have experienced multiple events at similar temperatures reliably retain the evidence [5]. The importance of kinetic controls on equilibrium is emphasized both in their effect on major rock-forming minerals and in ground breaking petrological studies of accessory phases. Solid-state diffusion is a key to allowing chemical and isotopic transport within grains, however, communication between grains is typically controlled by the characteristics of grain boundaries such as the presence, absence or geometry of fluids. As such grain edges are probably the most important, but perhaps the least studied, "phase" present in any rock. Innovative approaches have been used to investigate the characteristics of mineral boundaries [8,9], the extent of isotopic exchange within rocks [6] and the role that highly localized fluid infiltration may have on the metamorphic responses of the crust [7,9]. Many of the studies address key factors controlling metamorphic processes and use a variety of different minerals, such as garnet [1], muscovite [2,3,7], apatite [8,9] and zircon [10,11] to assess crustal behaviour. The use of accessory minerals to directly understand a range of metamorphic processes is a unique aspect to the research. Studies included here describe zircon and apatite textures in-situ within rocks. Zircon was previously thought of as an exceptionally stable unreactive mineral, but in a series of studies is shown to be one of the most reactive and hence informative of silicate minerals capable of recording reaction histories and fluid movements through a wide range of crustal conditions [12,13,14,15,16]. In studies of crustal behaviour, time is a key component and investigations of the fundamental controls on metamorphic processes have been integrated with data from thermochronometers to provide insights into the low temperature cooling history of the crust. Rb-Sr and K-Ar geochronology on biotite and muscovite, lower temperature thermochronometers including apatite fission track, U-Th-He on apatite and zircon, together with cosmogenic isotopes are applied in a range of investigations to assess unroofing histories. The impact of spatial and temporal variability of exhumation rates is linked back to metamorphic and structural processes within the deeper crust [17,18,24]. The variation acts as a trigger to structural collapse [19], causes major diachroneity in metamorphic events [18] and facilitates significant lateral heat transfer that impacts on isograd patterns [22]. Surprising general conclusions are reached suggesting that some thermochronometers can not record erosional unroofing but may reveal the thermal influence of fluid movements [20,21]. Factors such as localized uplift, and fluid and magma movements in the crust, are explored further as effective agents for modifying lateral and vertical geothermal gradients in a range of tectonic settings and point to considerable complexity in the geothermal gradients of orogenic belts [22,23,24,25]. The exotic nature of crustal terranes in the British Caledonides is addressed in a range of collaborative studies, through a variety of isotopic determinations, constraining movements, amalgamation histories and events within crustal blocks [26,27,28]. Such studies are then integrated with petrological and stratigraphic evidence to present models for crustal evolution in the Caledonides [29,31,32] and in addition develop general models for the formation of metamorphic terranes in strike-slip environments [30]. The approach of using detailed characterization of minerals to understand metamorphic rock-forming processes is similarly applied to deciphering magmatic processes in the crust. A wealth of published research on the petrogenesis of igneous rocks focusses on bulk rock geochemical and isotopic approaches to study the origin of the melts and examples of such investigations are included here [35,36,37]. However many of the studies included in this thesis emphasise small-scale chemical disequilibrium, question this approach, and open new avenues to investigate magmatic processes. The evolution of slowly cooling granite magma chambers is studied at a range of different scales using zoned feldspars [37,38,39] and accessory minerals [42,43]. Crustal contamination [40], magma mixing [39,42,43], sub-solvus crystallization [37,38], and late stage permeability [42] are all processes that are investigated through detailed textural and geochemical characterization of magmatic minerals. The importance of inefficient diffusion is again emphasized and the controls on melt permeability during crystallization are highlighted. Such techniques may yield unprecedented details of the magmatic processes that complement traditional whole rock geochemical and isotopic investigations. Small-scale processes that operate in magma chambers are also linked to models of large-scale crustal generation processes, including the formation of the enigmatic Late Proterozoic massif anorthosites [41]. The theme throughout the thesis is integration of geological disciplines that are not commonly combined. Metamorphic processes traditionally linked to thermodynamics are investigated via kinetic controls, such as deformation and fluid access [3,4,13,16]. Denudation histories traditionally linked to surface processes are integrated with metamorphic histories and structural evolution [e.g. 18,19,25]. Magmatic systems traditionally investigated using bulk rock geochemical and isotopic approaches are instead studied using disequilibrium crystallization histories of minerals [e.g. 38,39,42,43].
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Marati, Nicoletta. "A scale by scale budget in wall turbulence." Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917120.
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Songthanasak, Krisanavej. "Relating laboratory scale composter performance to full scale systems." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400854.
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RIETTO, LAURA. "Energy Systems Integration: from building scale to urban scale." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2679885.
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The research activity presented in this thesis focuses on the heating energy demand assessment of a small urban district with buildings connected to the local District Heating Network (DHN). The main goal of the work consisted in determining effective actions that could be applied on both the heating system and on the envelope of five case study buildings in order to reduce the morning peak of the heating system and reduce also the overall energy demand for space heating. The outcomes of this research may be useful to assess the impact of the proposed improvements on the operation of a urban district heating network. A further goal of the work carried out was to develop an Artificial Neural Network useful to forecast, at short term, the indoor temperature of rooms once the weather conditions and the thermal energy supplied by the District Heating Network are known.
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Taylor, Ryland. "Using geomorphology and animal “individuality” to understand ‘scape-scale predator distributions." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38227.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Biology
Martha E. Mather
Determining patterns and drivers of organismal distribution and abundance are fundamental and enduring challenges in ecology, especially for mobile organisms at a ‘scape scale. To address the problem presented by individuals whose distributions are dynamic across large geographic areas, here I tracked 59 acoustically-tagged migratory striped bass (Morone saxatilis) with an array of 26 stationary receivers in Plum Island Estuary (PIE), MA. Specifically, I asked (1) how these predators were distributed across the estuarine seascape, (2) if these fish used three types of geomorphic sites (exits, confluences, and non-confluences) differently, (3) if distinct types of individual distributional “types” existed, and (4) if fish within distinct distributional groups used geomorphic site types and regions differently. Based on three components of predator trajectories (site specific numbers of individuals, residence time, and number of movements), striped bass were not distributed evenly throughout PIE. Confluences attracted tagged striped bass although not all confluences or all parts of confluences were used equally. Use of non-confluences sites was more variable than exits or confluences. Thus, geomorphic drivers and regions link mobile organisms to physical conditions across the seascape. Based on spatial and spatial-temporal cluster analyses, these striped bass predators clustered into four seasonally-resident distributional types. These included the (1) Rowley River group (fish that primarily resided in the Rowley River), (2) Plum Island Sound group (fish that primarily resided in the Middle Sound region), (3) Extreme Fidelity group (fish that spent most of their time in PIE at a single receiver location), and (4) the Exploratory group (fish that showed no affiliation with any particular location). These distributional groups used geomorphic site types and regions differently. Thus, my data show a rare link between behavioral (i.e., individual animal personalities) and field ecology (seascape geomorphology) that can advance the understanding of field-based patterns and drivers of organismal distribution.
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Suzuki, Eri. "Small-Scale Statistics and Large-Scale Coherence in Convective Turbulence." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202424.
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Freihoefer, Adam T. "Linking field-scale phosphorus export to a watershed-scale model /." Link to full text, 2007. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2007/freihoefer.pdf.
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Lindeberg, Tony. "Scale Selection Properties of Generalized Scale-Space Interest Point Detectors." KTH, Beräkningsbiologi, CB, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101220.
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Scale-invariant interest points have found several highly successful applications in computer vision, in particular for image-based matching and recognition. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the scale selection properties of a generalized framework for detecting interest points from scale-space features presented in Lindeberg (Int. J. Comput. Vis. 2010, under revision) and comprising: an enriched set of differential interest operators at a fixed scale including the Laplacian operator, the determinant of the Hessian, the new Hessian feature strength measures I and II and the rescaled level curve curvature operator, as well as an enriched set of scale selection mechanisms including scale selection based on local extrema over scale, complementary post-smoothing after the computation of non-linear differential invariants and scale selection based on weighted averaging of scale values along feature trajectories over scale. A theoretical analysis of the sensitivity to affine image deformations is presented, and it is shown that the scale estimates obtained from the determinant of the Hessian operator are affine covariant for an anisotropic Gaussian blob model. Among the other purely second-order operators, the Hessian feature strength measure I has the lowest sensitivity to non-uniform scaling transformations, followed by the Laplacian operator and the Hessian feature strength measure II. The predictions from this theoretical analysis agree with experimental results of the repeatability properties of the different interest point detectors under affine and perspective transformations of real image data. A number of less complete results are derived for the level curve curvature operator.QC 20121003
Image descriptors and scale-space theory for spatial and spatio-temporal recognition
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Lindeberg, Tony. "Discrete Scale-Space Theory and the Scale-Space Primal Sketch." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Numerisk analys och datalogi, NADA, 1991. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58570.
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This thesis, within the subfield of computer science known as computer vision, deals with the use of scale-space analysis in early low-level processing of visual information. The main contributions comprise the following five subjects: The formulation of a scale-space theory for discrete signals. Previously, the scale-space concept has been expressed for continuous signals only. We propose that the canonical way to construct a scale-space for discrete signals is by convolution with a kernel called the discrete analogue of the Gaussian kernel, or equivalently by solving a semi-discretized version of the diffusion equation. Both the one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases are covered. An extensive analysis of discrete smoothing kernels is carried out for one-dimensional signals and the discrete scale-space properties of the most common discretizations to the continuous theory are analysed. A representation, called the scale-space primal sketch, which gives a formal description of the hierarchical relations between structures at different levels of scale. It is aimed at making information in the scale-space representation explicit. We give a theory for its construction and an algorithm for computing it. A theory for extracting significant image structures and determining the scales of these structures from this representation in a solely bottom-up data-driven way. Examples demonstrating how such qualitative information extracted from the scale-space primal sketch can be used for guiding and simplifying other early visual processes. Applications are given to edge detection, histogram analysis and classification based on local features. Among other possible applications one can mention perceptual grouping, texture analysis, stereo matching, model matching and motion. A detailed theoretical analysis of the evolution properties of critical points and blobs in scale-space, comprising drift velocity estimates under scale-space smoothing, a classification of the possible types of generic events at bifurcation situations and estimates of how the number of local extrema in a signal can be expected to decrease as function of the scale parameter. For two-dimensional signals the generic bifurcation events are annihilations and creations of extremum-saddle point pairs. Interpreted in terms of blobs, these transitions correspond to annihilations, merges, splits and creations. Experiments on different types of real imagery demonstrate that the proposed theory gives perceptually intuitive results.QC 20120119
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Snyder, Erin R. "The female-to-male rape myths scale : initial scale development." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1409503.
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Numerous studies have looked at attitudes about sexual assault, or rape myths, but most of these studies have looked at sexual assault when victims are female and perpetrators are male. However, female-to-male rape does occur, and male victims experience negative consequences from the event. The aim of the present investigation was to develop a scale to measure acceptance of female-to-male rape myths. The investigation involved two separate phases that build on a pilot study in which a preliminary scale was developed. The first phase of the investigation identified male rape myths that are pertinent to female-to-male rape. The second phase developed the items of the scale from the rape myths identified in Phase 1 and evaluated the factor structure, reliability and validity of the scale. The Female-to-Male Rape Myths Scale (FMRM) consists of 30 items and was found to be a reliable and valid measure of female-to-male rape myth acceptance in Midwestern college students. The construct was found to be unifactorial with good internal consistency at .94. Scores on the FMRM correlated with scores on the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996), the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale (Herek, 1988), and the Male Rape Myths Scale (Kerr Melanson, 1999). Implications for future research and practical uses of the scale are discussed.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Lynch, Kevin. "Micro-scale to meso-scale controls on aeolian foredune development." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444514.
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Amanullah, Ashraf. "Scale down models of mixing performance in large scale bioreactors." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633068.
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Scale down models have been successfully developed and applied to the investigation of the effects of both dissolved oxygen and pH gradients, consequent of large scales of operation, on the biological performance of a culture of Bacillus subtilis. The strain used produces acetoin and butanediol as metabolites, and has been used as a model culture for mixing studies due to the unusual sensitivity of its product distribution to oxygen supply. It is a useful biological indicator of bioreactor performance. In addition, the sensitivity of metabolite production rates to pH has been exploited. Experiments using two different scale down models (two inter-connected stirred tanks and a stirred tank connected to a plug flow reactor) have been performed with the aim of simulating incomplete mixing with respect to oxygen supply. The effects of mean circulation time and the relative volumes of the compartments containing high and low dissolved oxygen concentrations, both in the ranges realistic of those found at large scales of operation, have been studied. For a given configuration, the biological response of the culture was consistent with the mixing conditions imposed. Similar trends (although significantly different in magnitude) in the biological performance of the culture in the two scale down models were found. Differences in performance between the two configurations have been explained in terms of the flow characteristics and oxygen availability in each system. The results presented also highlight the importance of the choice of the scale down model when studying the impact of large scale inhomogeneities on micro-organisms. The study shows that significant changes in biological performance are likely to occur upon scale up of this fermentation due to circulation of cells through oxygen deprived regions. These scale down experiments also indicate that both decreasing the mean circulation time and increasing the size of the well mixed impeller region should improve performance at the large scale. pH inhomogeneities can also occur in large scale fermenters near the addition point of acid or base for pH control as a consequence of poor bulk mixing. Frequent exposure of cells to such regions may affect microbial metabolism. Scale down experiments, under identical nonlimiting conditions of oxygen supply, have been used to simulate this phenomenon. It is shown that the effects of localised pH deviations from the bulk value on the biological performance of micro-organisms cannot be ignored for mixing times in bioreactors exceeding 60 seconds. Such effects of pH do not affect the growth of the culture. However, significant changes in product formation can be measured. Such scale down analysis may result in a better understanding of the effects of the physical environment on the biological performance of micro-organisms at different scales of operation, and help to produce a more rational approach to the design of bioreactors.
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Stefanidis, Anthony. "Using scale space techniques to eliminate scale differences across images /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487848531365021.
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Liu, Yongshe. "Geostatistical integration of linear coarse scale and fine scale data /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Cao, Chao. "First-principles and multi-scale modeling of nano-scale systems." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0022835.
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Davis, Ryan Z. "Design and Scale-Up of Production Scale Stirred Tank Fermentors." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/537.
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In the bio/pharmaceutical industry, fermentation is extremely important in pharmaceutical development, and in microbial research. However, new fermentor designs are needed to improve production and reduce costs of complex systems such as cultivation of mammalian cells and genetically engineered micro-organisms. Traditionally, stirred tank design is driven by the oxygen transfer capability needed to achieve cell growth. However, design methodologies available for stirred tank fermentors are insufficient and many times contain errors. The aim of this research is to improve the design of production scale stirred tank fermentors through the development of dimensionless correlations and by providing information on aspects of fermentor tanks that can aid in oxygen mass transfer. This was accomplished through four key areas. Empirical studies were used to quantify the mass transfer capabilities of several different reactors. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to assess the impact of certain baffle and impeller geometries. Correction schemes were developed and applied to the experimental data. Dimensionless correlations were created from corrected experimental data to act as a guide for future production scale fermentor design. The methods for correcting experimental data developed in this research have proven to be accurate and useful. Furthermore, the correlations found from the corrected experimental data in this study are of great benefit in the design of production scale stirred tank fermentors. However, when designing a stirred tank fermentor of a different size, further experimentation should be performed to refine the correlations presented.
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Burdzy, Donna. "Sacred Emotional Scale." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1395415876.
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Díaz, Méndez Enrique. "Electroweak scale neutrinos." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Schalau, Jeff, and Deborah Young. "Pinyon Needle Scale." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144793.
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2 pp.Other forest health publications
Pinyon needle scale (Matsucoccus acalyptus) are very small (0.5 mm) sucking insects that feed on pinyon, singleleaf pinyon, and foxtail pines in the southwestern United States. These insects can be effectively controlled using an integrated approach which includes sanitation, supplemental irrigation, and pesticides.
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Schalau, Jeff. "Pinyon Needle Scale." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/239597.
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Brooks, Byron, and Jameson K. Hirsch. "State Hope Scale." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5490.
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Soumagnac, M. T. "Tipping scales in galaxy surveys : star/galaxy separation and scale-dependent bias." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1460581/.
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In the first part of this thesis, we address the problem of separating stars from galaxies in future large photometric surveys. We derive the science requirements on star/galaxy separation, for measurement of the cosmological parameters with the Gravitational Weak Lensing and Large Scale Structure probes, in chapter 2. We formulate the requirements in terms of the completeness and purity provided by a given star/galaxy classifier. In order to achieve these requirements, we propose a new method for star/galaxy separation in chapter 3, combining Principal Component Analysis with an Artificial Neural Network. When tested on simulations of the Dark Energy Survey (DES), this multi-parameter approach improves upon purely morphometric classifiers (such as the classifier implemented in SExtractor), especially at faint magnitudes. Chapter 4 is dedicated to the testing of this tool on real data, namely the recent internal release of DES Science Verification data. In the second part and last chapter of this thesis, chapter 5, we develop a method to detect the modulation by Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations of the density ratio of baryon to dark matter across large regions of the Universe. Such a detection would provide a direct measurement of a difference in the large-scale clustering of mass and light and a confirmation of the standard cosmological paradigm from a different angle than any other measurement. We measure the number density correlation function and the luminosity weighted correlation function of the DR10 releases of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), and fit a model of scale dependent bias to our measurement. Although our measurement is compatible with previous theoretical predictions, more accurate data is needed to prove or disprove this effect.
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Lee, Michelle. "Importance of patch scale vs. landscape scale on selected forest birds." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ48491.pdf.
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McDevitt, Christopher J. "Multi-scale interaction of driftWave turbulence with large scale shear flows." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3291993.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 18, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-148).
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Reid, David T. "Large-scale simulations of intrinsic parameter fluctuations in nano-scale MOSFETs." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1960/.
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Intrinsic parameter fluctuations have become a serious obstacle to the continued scaling of MOSFET devices, particularly in the sub-100 nm regime. The increase in intrinsic parameter fluctuations means that simulations on a statistical scale are necessary to capture device parameter distributions. In this work, large-scale simulations of samples of 100,000s of devices are carried out in order to accurately characterise statistical variability of the threshold voltage in a real 35 nm MOSFET. Simulations were performed for the two dominant sources of statistical variability – random discrete dopants (RDD) and line edge roughness (LER). In total ∼400,000 devices have been simulated, taking approximately 500,000 CPU hours (60 CPU years). The results reveal the true shape of the distribution of threshold voltage, which is shown to be positively skewed for random dopants and negatively skewed for line edge roughness. Through further statistical analysis and data mining, techniques for reconstructing the distributions of the threshold voltage are developed. By using these techniques, methods are demonstrated that allow statistical enhancement of random dopant and line edge roughness simulations, thereby reducing the computational expense necessary to accurately characterise their effects. The accuracy of these techniques is analysed and they are further verified against scaled and alternative device architectures. The combined effects of RDD and LER are also investigated and it is demonstrated that the statistical combination of the individual RDD and LER-induced distributions of threshold voltage closely matches that obtained from simulations. By applying the statistical enhancement techniques developed for RDD and LER, it is shown that the computational cost of characterising their effects can be reduced by 1–2 orders of magnitude.
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Ai, Jun. "Particle scale and bulk scale investigation of granular piles and silos." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4616.
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Granular materials are in abundance both in nature and in industry. They are of considerable interest to both the engineering and physics communities, due to their practical importance and many unsolved scientific challenges. This thesis is concerned with the “pressure dip” phenomenon underneath a granular pile (commonly known as the “sandpile problem”) which has attracted great attention in the past few decades. Underneath a sandpile that is formed by funnel feeding, a significant minimum (dip) in the vertical base pressure is often found below the apex where a maximum pressure is intuitively expected. Despite a large amount of work undertaken, a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon remains elusive. This thesis presents an extensive study investigating the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon and also its implications on pressures in silos. The study started with a laboratory test programme of conical mini iron pellet piles. The results confirmed that the pressure dip is a robust phenomenon. It was shown that, under certain deposition radius with uniform deposition across the deposition area, a dip emerges firstly in a ring shape when the radius of the formed pile is small and comparable to the deposition radius. With the increase of the pile radius upon further deposition, the dip ring gradually evolves to a central dip as the pressure at outer radius eventually overtakes that in the centre. The magnitude of the dip was found to be significantly affected by the deposition rate but almost unaffected by the deposition height.
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Gallagher, Timothy. "Towards multi-scale reacting fluid-structure interaction: micro-scale structural modeling." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53483.
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The fluid-structure interaction of reacting materials requires computational models capable of resolving the wide range of scales present in both the condensed phase energetic materials and the turbulent reacting gas phase. This effort is focused on the development of a micro-scale structural model designed to simulate heterogeneous energetic materials used for solid propellants and explosives. These two applications require a model that can track moving surfaces as the material burns, handle spontaneous formation of discontinuities such as cracks, model viscoelastic and viscoplastic materials, include finite-rate kinetics, and resolve both micro-scale features and macro-scale trends. Although a large set of computational models is applied to energetic materials, none meet all of these criteria. The Micro-Scale Dynamical Model serves as the basis for this work. The model is extended to add the capabilities required for energetic materials. Heterogeneous solid propellant burning simulations match experimental burn rate data and descriptions of material surface. Simulations of realistic heterogeneous plastic-bound explosives undergoing impact predict the formation of regions of localized heating called hotspots which may lead to detonation in the material. The location and intensity of these hotspots is found to vary with the material properties of the energetic crystal and binder and with the impact velocity. A statistical model of the hotspot peak temperatures for two frequently used energetic crystals indicates a linear relationship between the hotspot intensity and the impact velocity. This statistical model may be used to generate hotspot fields in macro-scale simulations incapable of resolving the micro-scale heating that occurs in heterogeneous explosives.
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RODRIGUES, ANDRÉA JANNOTTI NOGUEIRA. "POSITIVITY SCALE (P-SCALE): INITIAL EVIDENCES OF VALIDITY FOR BRAZILIAN ADOLESCENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26540@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A Psicologia Positiva é um movimento caracterizado pelo estudo dos recursos positivos do funcionamento individual, social e organizacional, em conformidade com a visão segundo a qual indivíduos felizes e plenamente realizados tendem a administrar suas vidas de forma bem-sucedida, contribuindo efetivamente para comunidade e as demandas sociais. A Psicologia Positiva adota como missão central a investigação de potencialidades e qualidades humanas, tais como a resiliência, o otimismo, a esperança, o bem-estar, entre outras habilidades interpessoais indicativas da vida saudável. Dentro da visão da Psicologia Positiva, o construto Positividade vem sendo estudado como um compósito das características psicológicas satisfação de vida, autoestima e otimismo. Trata-se de uma tendência do ser humano em avaliar de modo positivo a realidade, as experiências pessoais e interpessoais e o futuro. O estudo das características psicológicas positivas de indivíduos em diferentes faixas etárias é importante pois permite compreender as forças e virtudes necessárias ao desenvolvimento saudável. Especificamente na adolescência, crenças positivas podem conduzir à adaptação bem-sucedida da infância à vida adulta. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar evidências iniciais de validade da Escala de Positividade (EP), para uma determinada amostra de adolescentes brasileiros – por considerar de grande importância a avaliação das características positivas no desenvolvimento dos adolescentes. Participaram desta pesquisa 398 adolescentes, com idades entre 11 e 19 anos, estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro (RJ) e Região Serrana (RJ). Seus responsáveis legais assinaram um Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da aplicação presencial dos seguintes instrumentos: EP, MHI-5, Questionário Sociodemográfico, SDQ, HOPE, PANAS, EAR e LOT-R. Os resultados indicaram uma estrutura unifatorial, apresentada tanto na AFE como na AFC. Os resultados também apontaram correlações entre a EP e os demais instrumentos que avaliaram os construtos constitutivos e correlatos da Positividade. Em relação às características sociodemográficas, não foram encontradas fortes correlações entre os níveis de Positividade e a renda, sexo, tipo de escola ou localidade de moradia. Adolescentes mais novos, no entanto, apresentaram maiores níveis de Positividade do que os mais velhos.
Positive Psychology is a movement characterized by the study of positive resources of individual, social and organizational functioning, in accordance with the view that happy and fully realized individuals tend to manage their lives in a successful way, effectively contributing to the community and social demands. Positive Psychology adopts as its central mission the investigation of human potentialities and qualities, such as resilience, optimism, hope, well-being, among other interpersonal abilities indicative of a healthy life. From Positive Psychology s point of view, the construct Positivity has been studied as a composite of psychological characteristics life satisfaction, self-esteem and optimism. It is a human being inclination to evaluate reality, personal and interpersonal experiences and the future in a positive way. The study of positive psychological characteristics in individuals among different age groups is important since it allows us to comprehend the necessary forces and virtues for a healthy development. Specifically during adolescence, positive beliefs may lead to a well succeeded adaptation of infancy into adult life. This work intends to investigate initial evidences of the Positive Scale (P-Scale) validity, for a sample of Brazilian adolescents – due to the importance of evaluating positive characteristics for their development. The 398 adolescents (ages ranging from 11 to 19 years old) that took part in the research are students of both public and private schools of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and Região Serrana (RJ). Their legal guardians signed a Free and Informed Consent Form. Data collection occurred through the application of the following instruments: PS, MHI-5, Sociodemographic Questionnaire, SDQ, HOPE, PANAS, EAR e LOT-R. Results indicated a unifactorial structure, presented both in AFE and AFC. Results revealed, among other evidences, correlations between P-Scale and the remaining instruments used for evaluating the constitutive and correlate Positivity constructs. Regarding sociodemographic characteristics, no strong correlations were found between Positivity levels and income, gender, school type or housing location. However, younger adolescents presented higher Positivity levels than older ones.
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Guha, Pritha. "On scale-scale curves for multivariate data based on rank regions." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3659/.
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Quantile-quantile plots are in use to compare univariate distributions for a long time, but as there is no ordering in higher dimension, there is no straight forward generalisation of quantiles for the multivariate data and hence there is no visual tool which can be considered as a generalisation of quantile-quantile plots to compare multivariate distributions. In this work we have considered some notions of multivariate ranks, quantiles and data depths. Based on spatial rank, we have constructed central rank regions and some measures of scale. We proposed a scale-scale plot, which can be used to compare multivariate distributions. Under spherical symmetry, our scale curves have some nice closed form formula, however they are not equivariant under affine transformations. We discussed this issue with illustrations and proposed an affine equivariant version based on data-driven transformations. We established some characterisation results for the proposed affine equivariant scale curves under elliptic symmetry and used the fact to propose some visual test of location and scale in the family of elliptically symmetric distributions. Our proposed scale-scale plot is based on volume functionals of central rank region. We gave some asymptotic results regarding the distribution of the volume functional and constructed a test statistic based on the volume functional. We proposed some asymptotic results regarding the distribution of the test statistic and also studied the power of the proposed test of multivariate normality. As further applications to our scale-scale plots, we discuss the behaviour of our proposed scale-scale plots when the distribution is not elliptically symmetric with illustrations and study the power of the test of for skew elliptic and g and h distribution based on the previously defines test statistic. Among other application of the scale-scale plots, we propose a kurtosis plot, which can be used to study the peakedness and tail behaviour of the multivariate distributions, a visual test of location and scale.
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Kosoglu, Laura Marie. "Modeling Macro-scale Clay Behavior at Micro-scale Clay Particle Interfaces." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77350.
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Clay consolidation has generally been considered from a macro-scale perspective by measuring the macro-scale compression of a clay soil over time. Clay particles in consolidation tests experience shear and normal forces at the inter-particle level due to force applied to the soil at the macro-scale. These shear and normal forces cause the particles to slide at the micro-scale and produce macro-scale changes in soil volume and shape. By considering the inter-particle interactions at the micro-scale, the shear force - normal force - velocity relationship can be described by the Rate Process Theory (RPT). This research investigated the use of the RPT for analyzing sliding at individual clay particle contacts during secondary compression to describe macro-scale clay behavior.
The novel micro-scale friction experiments conducted in this research demonstrated that an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) can be used to obtain coefficient of friction (μ) measurements for montmorillonite. This method allows for the measurements to be performed over spatial scales of a few microns, can be done under dry conditions or a wide range of aqueous solutions, and requires no calibration beyond making a few microscopic measurements of the probe. Control tests of silica on mica (μ = 0.29 ± 0.02) agree with literature values where limits indicate one standard deviation.μ values for wet and dry sodium montmorillonite were determined to be 0.20 ± 0.03 and 0.72 ± 0.03, respectively.
The micro-scale AFM and macro-scale triaxial shear, ring shear, and direct shear experimental data ofμ as a function of sliding velocity were found to match well with those calculated using common RPT parameter values. The activation energy for the macro-scale triaxial shear and corresponding micro-scale friction regime experiments fall within the expected range for pure montmorillonite of 84–109 kJ/mol. Additionally, the micro-scale and macro-scale experimental results fall within the expected range for the number of bonds per unit of normal force of 10^7–10^9 bonds/N.
A discrete element method (DEM) model was developed to calculate thin, disk-shaped clay particle movement in three dimensions during compression using the RPT as a contact model. The DEM compression results were compared to macro-scale consolidation experiments conducted on the same reference clay as the micro-scale AFM experiments. The influences on the compression of the number of bonds at each clay contact per unit of normal contact force and the activation energy were quantified. Increasing the activation energy decreased the compression, as expected. Similarly, increasing the number of bonds per unit of normal force at the contacts decreased the compression, as expected. Realistic clay fabrics with varying particle sizes, particle size distributions, and aspect ratios led to a compression model with behavior similar to the macro-scale laboratory compression tests.
This research provides evidence of the close correspondence between macro-scale and micro-scaleμ measurements and contributes to multi-disciplinary understanding of factors that control friction between clay particles and deformation of clay masses. The results from this work can be applied to a wide range of time-dependent phenomena such as clay secondary compression, shear deformation, and fault dynamics behavior.Ph. D.
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Shalf, John Marshall. "Advanced System-Scale and Chip-Scale Interconnection Networks for Ultrascale Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36134.
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The path towards realizing next-generation petascale and exascale computing is increasingly dependent on building supercomputers with unprecedented numbers of processors. Given the rise of multicore processors, the number of network endpoints both on-chip and off-chip is growing exponentially, with systems in 2018 anticipated to contain thousands of processing elements on-chip and billions of processing elements system-wide. To prevent the interconnect from dominating the overall cost of future systems, there is a critical need for scalable interconnects that capture the communication requirements of target ultrascale applications. It is therefore essential to understand high-end application communication characteristics across a broad spectrum of computational methods, and utilize that insight to tailor interconnect designs to the specific requirements of the
underlying codes. This work makes several unique contributions towards attaining that goal. First, the communication traces for a number of high-end application communication requirements, whose computational methods include: finite-difference, lattice-Boltzmann, particle-in-cell, sparse linear algebra, particle mesh ewald, and FFT-based solvers.
This thesis presents an introduction to the fit-tree approach for designing network infrastructure that is tailored to application requirements. A fit-tree minimizes the component count of an interconnect without impacting application performance compared to a fully connected network. The last section introduces a methodology for reconfigurable networks to implement fit-tree solutions called Hybrid Flexibly Assignable Switch Topology (HFAST). HFAST uses both passive (circuit) and active (packet) commodity switch components in a unique way to dynamically reconfigure interconnect wiring to suit the topological requirements of scientific applications. Overall the exploration points to several promising directions for practically addressing both the on-chip and off-chip interconnect requirements of future ultrascale systems.Master of Science
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DOPPALAPUDI, RAJESH BABU. "ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF MUNITIONS WASTEWATER-BENCH SCALE AND PILOT SCALE STUDIES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1004555095.
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Bonis, Ioannis. "Optimisation and control methodologies for large-scale and multi-scale systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/optimisation-and-control-methodologies-for-largescale-and-multiscale-systems(6c4a4f13-ebae-4d9d-95b7-cca754968d47).html.
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Distributed parameter systems (DPS) comprise an important class of engineering systems ranging from "traditional" such as tubular reactors, to cutting edge processes such as nano-scale coatings. DPS have been studied extensively and significant advances have been noted, enabling their accurate simulation. To this end a variety of tools have been developed. However, extending these advances for systems design is not a trivial task . Rigorous design and operation policies entail systematic procedures for optimisation and control. These tasks are "upper-level" and utilize existing models and simulators. The higher the accuracy of the underlying models, the more the design procedure benefits. However, employing such models in the context of conventional algorithms may lead to inefficient formulations. The optimisation and control of DPS is a challenging task. These systems are typically discretised over a computational mesh, leading to large-scale problems. Handling the resulting large-scale systems may prove to be an intimidating task and requires special methodologies. Furthermore, it is often the case that the underlying physical phenomena span various temporal and spatial scales, thus complicating the analysis. Stiffness may also potentially be exhibited in the (nonlinear) models of such phenomena. The objective of this work is to design reliable and practical procedures for the optimisation and control of DPS. It has been observed in many systems of engineering interest that although they are described by infinite-dimensional Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) resulting in large discretisation problems, their behaviour has a finite number of significant components , as a result of their dissipative nature. This property has been exploited in various systematic model reduction techniques. Of key importance in this work is the identification of a low-dimensional dominant subspace for the system. This subspace is heuristically found to correspond to part of the eigenspectrum of the system and can therefore be identified efficiently using iterative matrix-free techniques. In this light, only low-dimensional Jacobians and Hessian matrices are involved in the formulation of the proposed algorithms, which are projections of the original matrices onto appropriate low-dimensional subspaces, computed efficiently with directional perturbations.The optimisation algorithm presented employs a 2-step projection scheme, firstly onto the dominant subspace of the system (corresponding to the right-most eigenvalues of the linearised system) and secondly onto the subspace of decision variables. This algorithm is inspired by reduced Hessian Sequential Quadratic Programming methods and therefore locates a local optimum of the nonlinear programming problem given by solving a sequence of reduced quadratic programming (QP) subproblems . This optimisation algorithm is appropriate for systems with a relatively small number of decision variables. Inequality constraints can be accommodated following a penalty-based strategy which aggregates all constraints using an appropriate function , or by employing a partial reduction technique in which only equality constraints are considered for the reduction and the inequalities are linearised and passed on to the QP subproblem . The control algorithm presented is based on the online adaptive construction of low-order linear models used in the context of a linear Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm , in which the discrete-time state-space model is recomputed at every sampling time in a receding horizon fashion. Successive linearisation around the current state on the closed-loop trajectory is combined with model reduction, resulting in an efficient procedure for the computation of reduced linearised models, projected onto the dominant subspace of the system. In this case, this subspace corresponds to the eigenvalues of largest magnitude of the discretised dynamical system. Control actions are computed from low-order QP problems solved efficiently online.The optimisation and control algorithms presented may employ input/output simulators (such as commercial packages) extending their use to upper-level tasks. They are also suitable for systems governed by microscopic rules, the equations of which do not exist in closed form. Illustrative case studies are presented, based on tubular reactor models, which exhibit rich parametric behaviour.
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Lee, Michelle (L Michelle) Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Importance of patch scale vs. landscape scale on selected forest birds." Ottawa, 1999.
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Sinapova, Dima Svetoslavova. "A model for a very good scale and a bad scale." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679376351&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Doppalapudi, Rajesh Babu. "Electrochemical reduction of munitions wastewater bench scale and pilot scale studies /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1004555095.
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Chen, Qinglin. "Investigation of the effects of subgrid-scale turbulence on resolvable-scale statistics." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1175016121/.
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Wong, Julia C. (Julia Cheuk-Yi). "Designing user-centered IoT solutions for small-scale and mid-scale farmers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118490.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 117-123).
The UN predicts that by the year 2030, the global water demand will outstrip supply by 40%. In face of the global water crisis, it is crucial to increase irrigation efficiency in agriculture, which currently consumes 70% of the global freshwater supply. Studies have shown that using precision agricultural technology to control irrigation can reduce water consumption by as much as 20% and increase crop yield by up to 30% in developing countries. Such technologies, however, are inaccessible to millions of small-scale farmers who need them the most because of their prohibitive costs and design intended for large-scale farming businesses. To address this technological gap, social enterprise SoilSense delivers affordable and robust IoT soil sensor systems to small-scale farmers, empowering them to irrigate more efficiently by providing data on when and where to irrigate based on soil measurements. This study analyzes existing literature on irrigation and soil sensor technology and applies a human-centered design approach to understand the needs of an underserved user group: smallscale and medium-scale avocado farmers. By engaging these farmers and subject matter experts in the field, key insights are drawn on the nuances of avocado cultivation, challenges in irrigation and water management, and the use of technology and data analytics in farming. This user research highlights the small-scale and medium-scale farmers' pain points and their vision for how technology could improve their operations. In addition to informing the iterative design of the SoilSense system prototype and business model, this study also endeavors to help address the global water crisis through continuous innovation and advancement in IoT agricultural technology.
by Julia C. Wong.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Isdepsky, Andreas. "Saline microalgae for biofuels: Outdoor culture from small-scale to pilot scale." Thesis, Isdepsky, Andreas (2015) Saline microalgae for biofuels: Outdoor culture from small-scale to pilot scale. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/26095/.
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Three local isolates of the green alga Tetraselmis sp. identified as the most promising microalgae species for outdoor mass cultivation with high potential for biodiesel production due to high amounts of total lipids and high lipid productivity were employed in this study. The aim of the study was to compare three halophilic Tetraselmis strains (Tetraselmis MUR-167, MUR-230 and MUR-233) grown in open raceway ponds over long periods with respect to their specific growth rate and lipid productivity without additional CO2 and with CO2 addition regulated at pH 7.5 by using a pH-stat system. Attention also was given to the overall culture condition including contaminating organisms, biofilm development due to cell adhesion and cell clump formation.
All tested Tetraselmis strains in this study were successfully grown outdoors in open raceway ponds in hypersaline fertilised medium at 7 % w/v NaCl over a period of more than two years. A marked effect of CO2 addition on growth and productivities was observed at high solar irradiance and temperatures between 15 – 33 oC. However, differences were identified between the three Tetraselmis strains in biofilm development, specific growth rate and lipid productivity in association with solar irradiance and temperature. Study of Tetraselmis MUR-167 was terminated after two years of outdoor cultivation due to stickiness and biofilm development on the pond walls, with a consequent decline in specific growth and productivities. Tetraselmis MUR-230 and MUR-233 showed quite similar annual specific growth and average productivities of 12 g (ash free dry weight) m-2 d-1 and 5.3±0.4 g m-2 d-1 in semi-continuous culture over a period of 365 days for biomass and lipid respectively; however MUR-233 had a higher specific growth rate and higher lipid productivity at higher temperatures in comparison with MUR-230. Further studies were carried out on Tetraselmis MUR-233 in 2 m2, 20 m2 and 200 m2 raceway ponds at a pilot plant in Karratha, West Australia.
Comparison between Perth and Karratha showed that Tetraselmis MUR-233 had up to three times higher biomass productivities in winter and 40 % higher during summer in Karratha. Appreciable differences in specific growth during semicontinuous cultivation were observed in 2 m2 raceway ponds compared to the 20 m2 and 200 m2 ponds accompanied with a decline in biomass productivity of up to 20 % with increasing pond size. Highest biomass productivities of 30 g (ash free dry weight) m-2 d-1 and a lipid content of up to 43 % based on ash free dry weight was achieved at an optimum cell density of 60 x 104 cells .mL-1 combined with 0.4 daily dilution and CO2 addition even under hyper saline conditions. These results were obtained at 25 MJ .m-2 solar irradiance and temperatures between 15 – 31 oC. Tetraselmis MUR-230 and MUR-233 with CO2 addition and regulated pH out-competed the major contaminating organisms, the diatoms. Tetraselmis MUR-230 grew successfully with different N-sources such as ammonium chloride, urea and sodium nitrate, the highest cellular lipids obtained with urea and sodium nitrate. Cellular carbohydrates in Tetraselmis MUR-230 increased five times under N-depletion and CO2 addition.
In summary, this study demonstrates the feasibility of outdoor large scale cultivation of the halophilic Tetraselmis strains MUR-230 and MUR-233 with a high potential as feedstock for biofuel and carbon dioxide mitigation. The sustainability is underlined by the fact that the Tetraselmis strains were able to grow in hot and dry areas using only seawater as water source.
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O'Mahony, Kevin. "Large scale plasmid production /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=3320.
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Batlle, Subirós Elisabet. "Large-Scale Surface registration." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7606.
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The first part of this work presents an accurate analysis of the most relevant 3D registration techniques, including initial pose estimation, pairwise registration and multiview registration strategies. A new classification has been proposed, based on both the applications and the approach of the methods that have been discussed.The main contribution of this thesis is the proposal of a new 3D multiview registration strategy. The proposed approach detects revisited regions obtaining cycles of views that are used to reduce the inaccuracies that may exist in the final model due to error propagation. The method takes advantage of both global and local information of the registration process, using graph theory techniques in order correlate multiple views and minimize the propagated error by registering the views in an optimal way. The proposed method has been tested using both synthetic and real data, in order to show and study its behavior and demonstrate its reliability.
La primera part d'aquest treball presenta una anàlisi acurada de les tècniques de registre 3D es rellevants, incloent tècniques d'estimació de la posició inicial, registre pairwise i registre entre múltiples vistes. S'ha proposat una nova classificació de les tècniques, depenent de les seves aplicacions i de l'estratègia utilitzada.
La contribució mes important d'aquesta tesi és la proposta d'un nou mètode de registre 3D utilitzant múltiples vistes. El mètode proposat detecta regions ja visitades prèviament, obtenint cicles de vistes que s'utilitzen per tal de reduir els desalineaments en el model final deguts principalment a la propagació de l'error durant el procés de registre. Aquest mètode utilitza tant informació global com local, correlacionant les vistes mitjançant tècniques de grafs que permeten minimitzar l'error propagat i registrar les vistes de forma òptima. El mètode proposat ha estat provat utilitzant dades sintètiques i reals, per tal de mostrar i analitzar el seu comportament i demostrar la seva eficàcia.
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Muhammad, Imran. "Colorizing Grey Scale Images." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Datateknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-6181.
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The purpose of this thesis is to develop a working methodology to color a grey scale image. This thesis is based on approach of using a colored reference image. Coloring grey scale images has no exact solution till date and all available methods are based on approximation. This technique of using a color reference image for approximating color information in grey scale image is among most modern techniques.Method developed here in this paper is better than existing methods of approximation of color information addition in grey scale images in brightness, sharpness, color shade gradients and distribution of colors over objects.Color and grey scale images are analyzed for statistical and textural features. This analysis is done only on basis of luminance value in images. These features are then segmented and segments of color and grey scale images are mapped on basis of distances of segments from origin. Then chromatic values are transferred between these matched segments from color image to grey scale image.Technique proposed in this paper uses better mechanism of mapping clusters and mapping colors between segments, resulting in notable improvement in existing techniques in this category.
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Reichel, René. "Nano Scale Cluster Devices." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1385.
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This study uses clusters formed in a UHV-compatible cluster apparatus, which was built and commissioned during this thesis. The design and operation of the cluster deposition system is described. This system is optimised for high clus- ter fluxes and for the production of cluster assembled nanoscale devices. One key feature of the system is a high degree of flexibility, including interchangeable sputtering and inert gas aggregation sources, and two kinds of mass spectrome- ter, which allow both characterisation of the cluster size distribution and deposi- tion of mass-selected clusters. Another key feature is that clusters are deposited onto electrically contacted lithographically defined devices mounted on an UHV- compatible cryostat cold finger, allowing deposition at room temperature as well as at cryogenic and at elevated temperatures. The electrically contacted nanoscale cluster devices were fabricated using a novel template technique. Hereby, clusters are placed between two electrodes separated only by ∼100 nm. The width of the cluster ensemble is in the order of a few cluster diameters, which means that the assembled clusters form a cluster wire bridging the electrode separation. During this thesis, the design and layout has been optimised to be able to measure electrical properties of the cluster devices and in particular to investigate the interaction between the cluster ensemble and the contact electrodes. In-situ electrical characterisation of cluster assembled nanoscale devices are performed in the temperature range 4.2 K to 375 K. The samples are provided with a backgate, which in principle allows modification of the conduction through the cluster ensemble by applying a gate voltage. However, no change in conduc- tion with changes in gate voltages was seen. The main focus of the electrical measurements is on the current voltage char- acteristics. It was noticed that the nanoscale bismuth (and antimony) cluster devices exhibited non-linear current voltage characteristics, which were in stark contrast to the linear current voltage characteristics measured for cluster films previously. Investigations into the causes of this non-linearity suggests that tun- nelling conduction occurs between the cluster ensemble (wire) and the contact electrodes. The non-linear current voltage characteristics were fitted using three models of tunnelling conduction and appear to be best fitted using a model in- volving fluctuation-assisted tunnelling through barriers of different heights. Further, measurements of the temperature dependent resistance are performed showing an increase of resistance with decreasing temperature for bismuth and antimony assembled cluster devices. The temperature dependence of bismuth as- sembled cluster wires can be explained by the decrease of the carrier concentration in bismuth for decreasing temperature. Annealing of the cluster ensemble and the cluster contact connection resulted in an increase in conduction. This increase of conduction can be explained due to the current flow through the cluster wire. Locally, at the bottlenecks, the current flow causes resistive heating and subsequently coalescence of two (or more) clusters.
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Gillispie, Thad Michael. "Internet scale endpoint masquerading." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Webster, Ali Matthew. "Quantifying large-scale structure." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624308.
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Hamilton, Andrew James. "Scale and the Incas." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11294.
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This dissertation studies the concept of scale in the worldview of the Inca civilization, and was precipitated by the countless "miniature" objects made throughout the Pre-Columbian Andean world. Often relegated to the background of scholarship, scaled objects are not well understood and have exerted little influence on the academic understandings of the Incas.History of Art and Architecture
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Hartman, Gregory S. "Attentiveness: Reactivity at Scale." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2010. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/15.
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Clients of reactive systems often change their priorities. For example, a human user of an email viewer may attempt to display a message while a large attachment is downloading. To the user, an email viewer that delayed display of the message would exhibit a failure similar to priority inversion in real-time systems.
We propose a new quality attribute, attentiveness, that provides a unified way to model the forms of redirection offered by application-level reactive systems to accommodate the changing priorities of their clients, which may be either humans or systems components. Modeling attentiveness as a quality attribute provides system designers with a single conceptual framework for policy and architectural decisions to address trade-offs among criteria such as responsiveness, overall performance, behavioral predictability, and state consistency.
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Hilbert, Anja, Sabrina Baldofski, Markus Zenger, Bernd Löwe, and Elmar Brähler. "Weight Bias Internalization Scale." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-148164.
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Objective: Internalizing the pervasive weight bias commonly directed towards individuals with overweight and obesity, cooccurs with increased psychopathology and impaired quality of life. This study sought to establish population norms and psychometric properties of the most widely used self-report questionnaire, the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS), in a representative community sample.
Design and Methods: In a survey of the German population, N = 1158 individuals with overweight and obesity were assessed with the WBIS and self-report measures for convergent validation. Results: Item analysis revealed favorable item-total correlation of all but one WBIS item. With this item removed, item homogeneity and internal consistency were excellent. The one-factor structure of the WBIS was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity was shown through significant associations with measures of depressive
and somatoform symptoms. The WBIS contributed to the explanation of variance in depressive and somatoform symptoms over and above body mass index. Higher WBIS scores were found in women than in men, in individuals with obesity than in individuals with overweight, and in those with lower education or income than those with higher education or income. Sex specific norms were provided. Conclusions: The results showed good psychometric properties of the WBIS after removal of one item. Future research is warranted on further indicators of reliability and validity, for example, retest reliability, sensitivity to change, and prognostic validity.
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Leite, Jose Antonio Ferreira. "Multi-scale line detection." Thesis, University of York, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362017.
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