Journal articles on the topic 'Scale-up regularity'
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Zhou, Xuhuan, and Weiliang Xiao. "Algebra Properties in Fourier-Besov Spaces and Their Applications." Journal of Function Spaces 2018 (December 4, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3629179.
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We estimate the norm of the product of two scale functions in Fourier-Besov spaces. As applications of these algebra properties, we establish the global well-posedness for small initial data and local well-posedness for large initial data of the generalized Navier-Stokes equations. Particularly, we give a blow-up criterion of the solutions in Fourier-Besov spaces as well as a space analyticity of Gevrey regularity.
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Yoneda, Tsuyoshi, Susumu Goto, and Tomonori Tsuruhashi. "Mathematical reformulation of the Kolmogorov–Richardson energy cascade in terms of vortex stretching." Nonlinearity 35, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 1380–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/ac4b3b.
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Abstract In this paper, with the aid of direct numerical simulations (DNS) of forced turbulence in a periodic domain, we mathematically reformulate the Kolmogorov–Richardson energy cascade in terms of vortex stretching. By using the description, we prove that if the Navier–Stokes flow satisfies a new regularity criterion in terms of the enstrophy production rate, then the flow does not blow up. Our DNS results seem to support this regularity criterion. Next, we mathematically construct the hierarchy of tubular vortices, which is statistically self-similar in the inertial range. Under the assumptions of the scale-locally of the vortex stretching/compressing (i.e. energy cascade) process and the statistical independence between vortices that are not directly stretched or compressed, we can derive the −5/3 power law of the energy spectrum of statistically stationary turbulence without directly using the Kolmogorov hypotheses.
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Hou, Thomas Y. "Blow-up or no blow-up? A unified computational and analytic approach to 3D incompressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations." Acta Numerica 18 (May 2009): 277–346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962492906420018.
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Whether the 3D incompressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations can develop a finite-time singularity from smooth initial data with finite energy has been one of the most long-standing open questions. We review some recent theoretical and computational studies which show that there is a subtle dynamic depletion of nonlinear vortex stretching due to local geometric regularity of vortex filaments. We also investigate the dynamic stability of the 3D Navier–Stokes equations and the stabilizing effect of convection. A unique feature of our approach is the interplay between computation and analysis. Guided by our local non-blow-up theory, we have performed large-scale computations of the 3D Euler equations using a novel pseudo-spectral method on some of the most promising blow-up candidates. Our results show that there is tremendous dynamic depletion of vortex stretching. Moreover, we observe that the support of maximum vorticity becomes severely flattened as the maximum vorticity increases and the direction of the vortex filaments near the support of maximum vorticity is very regular. Our numerical observations in turn provide valuable insight, which leads to further theoretical breakthrough. Finally, we present a new class of solutions for the 3D Euler and Navier–Stokes equations, which exhibit very interesting dynamic growth properties. By exploiting the special nonlinear structure of the equations, we prove nonlinear stability and the global regularity of this class of solutions.
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Albi, Giacomo, Young-Pil Choi, and Axel-Stefan Häck. "Pressureless Euler alignment system with control." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 28, no. 09 (August 2018): 1635–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202518400018.
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We study a non-local hydrodynamic system with control. First, we characterize the control dynamics as a sub-optimal approximation to the optimal control problem constrained to the evolution of the pressureless Euler alignment system. We then discuss the critical thresholds that lead to global regularity or finite-time blow-up of strong solutions in one and two dimensions. Finally, we use a finite volume scheme, coupled with an implicit–explicit time integrator to solve numerically the stiff scale of the controlled system. Several numerical simulations are shown to validate the theoretical and computational results of the paper.
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Braley, T. J., A. L. Kratz, D. Whibley, and C. Goldstein. "1142 Comprehensive Phenotyping Of Ambulatory Sleep Patterns In Multiple Sclerosis." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1136.
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Abstract Introduction The majority of sleep research in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) has been siloed, restricted to evaluation of one or a few sleep measures in isolation. To fully characterize the impact of sleep disturbances in MS, multifaceted phenotyping of sleep is required. The objective of this study was to more comprehensively quantify sleep in PwMS, using a recently developed multi-domain framework of duration, continuity, regularity, sleepiness/alertness, and quality. Methods Data were derived from a parent study that examined associations between actigraphy and polysomnography-based measures of sleep and cognitive function in MS. Actigraphy was recorded in n=55 PwMS for 7-12 days (Actiwatch2®, Philips Respironics). Sleep metrics included: duration=mean total sleep time (TST, minutes); continuity=mean wake time after sleep onset (minutes), and regularity=stddev wake-up time (hours). ‘Extreme’ values for continuity/regularity were defined as the most extreme third of the distributions. ‘Extreme’ TST values were defined as the lowest or highest sixth of the distributions. Sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale score) and sleep quality [Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) sleep quality item] were dichotomized by accepted cutoffs (>10 and >1, respectively). Results Sleep was recorded for a mean of 8.2 days (stddev=0.95). Median (1st, 3rd quartile) values were as follows: duration 459.79 (430.75, 490.60), continuity 37.00 (23.44, 52.57), regularity 1.02 (0.75, 1.32), sleepiness/alertness 8 (4, 12), and sleep quality 1.00 (1.00, 2.00). Extreme values based on data distributions were: short sleep <=426.25 minutes (18%), long sleep >515.5 minutes (16%), poor sleep continuity ≥45 minutes (33%), and poor sleep regularity ≥1.17 hours (33%). Sleepiness and poor sleep quality were present in 36% and 40% respectively. For comparison, in a historical cohort of non-MS patients, the extreme third of sleep regularity was a stddev of 0.75 hours, 13% had ESS of >10, and 16% had poor sleep quality. Conclusion In this study of ambulatory sleep patterns in PwMS, we found greater irregularity of sleep-wake timing, and higher prevalence of sleepiness and poor sleep quality than published normative data. Efforts should be made to include these measures in the assessment of sleep-related contributions to MS outcomes. Support The authors received no external support for this work.
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Tada, Yuki, Yukari Ueda, Kemal Sasaki, Shiro Sugiura, Mieko Suzuki, Hiromi Funayama, Yuka Akiyama, Mayu Haraikawa, and Kumi Eto. "Association of Regular Mealtimes With a Balanced Diet Among Japanese Preschool Children: A Study of Lifestyle Changes After the Spread of COVID-19 Infection." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac048.042.
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Abstract Objectives This study examines whether preschool children who maintained regular mealtimes after the spread of COVID-19 infection have better lifestyle habits, like waking up and sleeping early and a more balanced diet, than those who did not. Methods An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2,000 individuals who provided meals to preschool children aged 2 to 6 years. The Healthy Diet Score (HDS), on a 40-point scale, was developed to comprehensively assess the dietary balance of preschool children based on their frequency of food intake from 13 food groups. The analysis included data on 1,850 children, excluding those who failed to answer the main questions. The participants were classified into four groups based on their responses regarding the regularity of mealtimes after the spread of COVID-19: ‘regular mealtimes (n = 125),’ ‘originally regular and remains unchanged (n = 1514),’ ‘irregular mealtimes (n = 63),’ and ’originally irregular and remains unchanged (n = 148).’ Multiple regression analysis was conducted with HDS as the dependent variable, and regularity of mealtimes and confounding factors as independent variables. Results Compared to other groups, eighty-two percent of the children whose mealtimes were originally regular and remained unchanged were more likely to wake up and sleep early, to eat a snack 0–1 times per day, and to eat breakfast every day. The mealtime for the group ‘originally regular and remains unchanged’ was significantly and positively associated with a higher HDS even after adjusting for basic characteristics and lifestyle of the children, and the economic status of their guardians (β = 0.131, P < 0.01). Conclusions Preschool children who originally had regular mealtimes and maintained this regularity even after the spread of COVID-19 infection were shown to have better lifestyle habits such as waking up and sleeping early, lower frequency of eating snacks, eating breakfast every day, and a higher HDS. Funding Sources This study is a secondary use analysis of survey data conducted as part of the ‘Research for Effective Development of a Food, Nutrition and Dietary Support Guide for Healthy Development in Early Childhood’ grant from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare's Administrative Promotion Research Project.
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Sementsov, S. V. "Regularities of Creating in the XVIII - Mid XX Centuries a Regular Agglomeration of St. Petersburg - Leningrad and Problems of its Preservation as a World Heritage Object." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.651.
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Before the foundation of St. Petersburg in 1703, there had for centuries existed a developed system of rural settlements located on the flat valleys and areas along the Neva River and around the Ladoga Lake. Since 1703, under the leadership of Peter I and his followers, there was carried out a systematic creation of the capital St. Petersburg agglomeration (St. Petersburg and residential suburbs around it), which was done on the basis of purposefully introduced principles of regularity and harmony of architectural ensembles, by the methods of large-scale reconstruction of the previous irregular system of the population settlement distribution. The scale of this new agglomeration had no analogues in world town-planning practice of the XVIII century and united spaces with the total area over 200 square kilometers, which extended from the town of Sestroretsk in the North to the town of Novgorod in the South, from the town of Narva in the West to the Volkhov River in the East. The regularity and multi-center character of the central city formed according to the pattern of a mesh and cellular structure (with the dimensions of 10 km by 15 km), was supplemented with a regularity of suburban ensembles` layout and multi-kilometer rectilinear axes – roads connecting them. Some of the roads had the length of several hundred km (such as the road from Moscow to St. Petersburg built in 1706-1718, that was as long as nearly 700 km). Huge suburban forest-park and natural-landscape spaces between palace and park ensembles were united as star-patterned compositions. This historically created agglomeration is deservedly included in the List of Objects of the World Heritage, but so far it has not received a unambiguous understanding of its uniqueness and needs a considerable effort in searching new individual ways of the historical heritage preservation. On the basis of the archive records, the contribution presents an analysis of regularities of consecutive and purposeful transformation of the historical rural settlements system existing up to the foundation of St. Petersburg into the capital St. Petersburg agglomeration of regular type.
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Dietz, Albert. "Liquefied Gaseous Fuels (LGF) Spill Test Facility Program." Journal of the IEST 28, no. 5 (September 1, 1985): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.28.5.y637824226530742.
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The Department of Energy (DOE) is constructing a facility at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) which will be capable of the rapid release of large quantities of cryogenic or pressurized flammable or toxic materials. The facility is being built in concert with and in response to the needs of many industrial and governmental organizations. The facility is designed to satisfy the need for information for risk assessment, emergency response, regulation, plant design, plant siting, and hazard mitigation. It will be capable of spilling up to 200 m3 (53,000 gal) of cryogenic fluids such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) or refrigerated ammonia at rates between 5 and 100 m3/min (1,000-26,000 gpm). In addition, up to 90 m3 (24,000 gal) of ambient temperature materials such as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) or chlorine, with pressures up to 2,000 kpa (300 psi), can be released at rates between 2 and 20 m3/min (500-5,000 gpm). An extensive sensor and data acquisition system is available to acquire data on spill characteristics such as rate, volume, temperature, and pressure; downwind gas concentration and aerosol characteristics; meteorological parameters; and blast or fire effects. The Frenchman Flat area of the NTS provides a uniquely favorable environment in which to perform large-scale atmospheric dispersion tests. Steady winds from the southwest occur with great regularity during the summer months for a variety of atmospheric stability conditions. Large-scale tests with toxic materials are possible because only limited access, federally controlled land is present for some 60 km (37 mi) downwind.
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Schille, Joerg, Jose R. Chirinos, Xianglei Mao, Lutz Schneider, Matthias Horn, Udo Loeschner, and Vassilia Zorba. "Formation of Nano- and Micro-Scale Surface Features Induced by Long-Range Femtosecond Filament Laser Ablation." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2022): 2493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142493.
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In this work, we study the characteristics of femtosecond-filament-laser–matter interactions and laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) at a beam-propagation distance up to 55 m. The quantification of the periodicity of filament-induced self-organized surface structures was accomplished by SEM and AFM measurements combined with the use of discrete two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) analysis, at different filament propagation distances. The results show that the size of the nano-scale surface features increased with ongoing laser filament processing and, further, periodic ripples started to form in the ablation-spot center after irradiation with five spatially overlapping pulses. The effective number of irradiating filament pulses per spot area affected the developing surface texture, with the period of the low spatial frequency LIPSS reducing notably at a high pulse number. The high regularity of the filament-induced ripples was verified by the demonstration of the angle-of-incidence-dependent diffraction of sunlight. This work underlines the potential of long-range femtosecond filamentation for energy delivery at remote distances, with suppressed diffraction and long depth focus, which can be used in biomimetic laser surface engineering and remote-sensing applications.
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Erb, Denise J., Kai Schlage, and Ralf Röhlsberger. "Uniform metal nanostructures with long-range order via three-step hierarchical self-assembly." Science Advances 1, no. 10 (November 2015): e1500751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500751.
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Large-scale nanopatterning is a major issue in nanoscience and nanotechnology, but conventional top-down approaches are challenging because of instrumentation and process complexity while often lacking the desired spatial resolution. We present a hierarchical bottom-up nanopatterning routine using exclusively self-assembly processes: By combining crystal surface reconstruction, microphase separation of copolymers, and selective metal diffusion, we produce monodisperse metal nanostructures in highly regular arrays covering areas of square centimeters. In situ grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering during Fe nanostructure formation evidences an outstanding structural order in the self-assembling system and hints at the possibility of sculpting nanostructures using external process parameters. Thus, we demonstrate that bottom-up nanopatterning is a competitive alternative to top-down routines, achieving comparable pattern regularity, feature size, and patterned areas with considerably reduced effort. Intriguing assets of the proposed fabrication approach include the option for in situ investigations during pattern formation, the possibility of customizing the nanostructure morphology, the capacity to pattern arbitrarily large areas with ultrahigh structure densities unachievable by top-down approaches, and the potential to address the nanostructures individually. Numerous applications of self-assembled nanostructure patterns can be envisioned, for example, in high-density magnetic data storage, in functional nanostructured materials for photonics or catalysis, or in surface plasmon resonance–based sensing.
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Tunau, Tpl Lawal Kabir, and Tpl Moses Zira Wanda. "Appraisal of the Level of Coordination among Solid Waste Management Agencies in Zaria Urban Area, Kaduna–Nigeria." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September 5, no. 9 (October 1, 2020): 797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20sep493.
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The paper is aimed at determining the level of coordination that exists among the different agencies that are involved in solid waste management in Zaria Urban area. Structured questionnaire and literature review were used to obtain data and information on the roles and responsibilities of agencies involved in solid waste management as well as the nature of inter-agency relationship in the study area. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 13 representatives of the Solid Waste Management agencies. Methods of data analysis employed for the research were the descriptive statistics (frequency analysis, percentage distribution, mean scores, grand mean scores and content analysis) for both government agencies and formal private waste collectors. The two points ordinal scale 1 representing yes and 2 representing no was employed for obtaining information on inter-agency relationships while the multiple options likert scale format was used for obtaining information on the level of coordination that exists among the different agencies, using such indicators as collaboration, consultation and information exchange. The multiple options likert scale questions type was also used to obtain information on effects of absence of a well-coordinated solid waste management system within the study area. The results of the analysis of the indicators of coordination using the two points ordinal scale on inter-agency relationship and other indicators, that is collaboration, consultation and information exchange also signified inefficient coordination among the agencies. The paper recommended among others that, there is need to prepare a well-coordinated and common solid waste management plan for common implementation by all stakeholders, which will guide policy formulation and coordinate all urban solid waste management issues within the urban area and also information exchange should be improved by providing effective means of communication among the institutions in the areas of public awareness campaigns, regularity of accessibility of the institutions to up to date information from other institutions
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Gomes, Luís Antunes, Maria João Gregório, Tatiana A. Iakovleva, Rute Dinis de Sousa, John Bessant, Pedro Oliveira, Jaime C. Branco, Helena Canhão, and Ana Maria Rodrigues. "A Home-Based eHealth Intervention for an Older Adult Population With Food Insecurity: Feasibility and Acceptability Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): e26871. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26871.
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Background Food insecurity is a global public health challenge, affecting predominately the most vulnerable people in society, including older adults. For this population, eHealth interventions represent an opportunity for promoting healthy lifestyle habits, thus mitigating the consequences of food insecurity. However, before their widespread dissemination, it is essential to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of these interventions among end users. Objective This study aims to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a home-based eHealth intervention focused on improving dietary and physical activity through an interactive television (TV) app among older adults with food insecurity. Methods A pilot noncontrolled quasi-experimental study was designed with baseline and 3-month follow-up assessments. Older adult participants with food insecurity were recruited from 17 primary health care centers in Portugal. A home-based intervention program using an interactive TV app aimed at promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors was implemented over 12 weeks. Primary outcomes were feasibility (self-reported use and interest in eHealth) and acceptability (affective attitude, burden, ethicality, perceived effectiveness, and self-efficacy), which were evaluated using a structured questionnaire with a 7-point Likert scale. Secondary outcomes were changes in food insecurity (Household Food Insecurity Scale), quality of life (European Quality of Life Questionnaire with five dimensions and three levels and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue), physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire, Elderly Mobility Scale, grip strength, and regularity of exercise), and nutritional status (adherence to the Mediterranean diet). Results A sample of 31 older adult individuals with food insecurity was enrolled in the 12-week intervention program with no dropouts. A total of 10 participants self-reported low use of the TV app. After the intervention, participants were significantly more interested in using eHealth to improve food insecurity (baseline median 1.0, IQR 3.0; 3-month median 5.0, IQR 5.0; P=.01) and for other purposes (baseline median 1.0, IQR 2.0; 3-month median 6.0, IQR 2.0; P=.03). High levels of acceptability were found both before and after (median range 7.0-7.0, IQR 2.0-0.0 and 5.0-7.0, IQR 2.0-2.0, respectively) the intervention, with no significant changes for most constructs. Clinically, there was a reduction of 40% in food insecurity (P=.001), decreased fatigue (mean −3.82, SD 8.27; P=.02), and improved physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire: mean −0.22, SD 0.38; P=.01; Elderly Mobility Scale: mean −1.50, SD 1.08; P=.01; regularity of exercise: baseline 10/31, 32%; 3 months 18/31, 58%; P=.02). No differences were found for the European Quality of Life Questionnaire with five dimensions and three levels, grip strength, or adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Conclusions The home-based eHealth intervention was feasible and highly acceptable by participants, thus supporting a future full-scale trial. The intervention program not only reduced the proportion of older adults with food insecurity but also improved participants’ fatigue and physical function. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/resprot.6626
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Wang, Shou Liang, Cui Xia Qu, and Wei Liu. "Geophysical - Geochemical Anomaly Characteristics and Prospecting Marks of Dachang Gold Deposit in Qinghai." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 3792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.3792.
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Dachang ore field is located in the central of Au, Sb, Hg metallogenic belt in the north Bayankela mountain, with the Maduo - Gande deep major fault as its regional guide mineral structure. The gold deposits have grew up in the fracture - fissure system of large share zone in BaYanKaLa mountain group of Triassic strata, and Magmatic activities in Yanshan Period provides favorable conditions for the activation, migration, enrichment and mineralization of gold element. Geophysical - geochemical anomaly and remote sensing of this area have shown that they are related with the mineralization, that means abnormal area with bigger Intensity is often located in the cross area of tectonic alteration and mineralization. Triassic strata, the north - west fault and its secondary structure - rock system and geophysical - geochemical anomaly are the obvious symbols of gold prospecting in the area. Through the metallogenic regularity, obvious symbols and distincting some geophysical - geochemical anomalies, more large and medium-sized gold deposits have been found. We should along the Maduo - Gande fault zone, extending for east - west trend and the depth, and larger scale gold deposits is expected to be found.
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Li, Zhenpeng, and Tang Xijin. "Dynamics of Online Collective Attention as Hawkes Self-exciting Process." Open Physics 18, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0002.
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AbstractUnderstanding the dynamic formation mechanism of online collective attention has been attracted diversified interests such as Internet memes, viral videos, or social media platforms and Web-based businesses, and has practical application in the area of marketing and advertising, propagation of information. Bulletin Board System, or BBS can be regarded as an ecosystem of digital resources connected and shaped by collective successive behaviors of users. Clicks and replies of the posts quantify the degree of collective attention. For example, the collective clicking behavior of users on BBS gives rise to the up and down of focus on posts, and transporting attention between topics, the ratio between clicks and replies measure the heat degree of a post. We analyzed the dynamics of collective attention millions of users on an interactive Tianya Zatan BBS. By analyzing the dynamics of clicks we uncovered a non-trivial Hawkes process self-exciting regularity concerning the impact of novelty exponential decay mechanism. Here, it able to explain the empirical data of BBS remarkably well, such as popular topics are observed in time frequently cluster, asymptotic normality of clicks. Our findings indicate that collective attention among large populations decays with a exponential decaying law, suggest the existence of a natural time scale over novelty fades. Importantly, we show that self-exciting point processes can be used for the purpose of collective attention modeling.
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Sabet, Sahar, Joseph Dzierzewski, and Natalie Dautovich. "197 Refining the Subjective Assessment of Sleep: An SEM Approach." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.196.
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Abstract Introduction Given that sleep is multidimensional, the assessment of sleep requires an examination of a number of different domains. Accordingly, there is an abundance of self-report sleep questionnaires that are widely used for both research and clinical use. The surplus of available measures can be problematic, as it often leads to difficulties in selecting the best measure for a given purpose/context. In addition, the use of multiple measures to assess sleep may be an inefficient use of time and resources if they are not measuring unique constructs. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the factor structure of five sleep measures. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was initially used to evaluate whether each of these scales are measuring different factors of sleep, with follow-up exploratory factor analysis (EFA) as needed. Methods An archival analysis was performed using data from an online study, Investigating Sleep Across Normal Development (ISLAND Study). The sample consisted of 3,284 adults aged 18+. The following measures were utilized: RU SATED, PROMIS Sleep-Related Impairment, Sleep Self-Efficacy, Insomnia Severity Index, and the Sleep Regularity Questionnaire. Results As expected, the CFA model fit was determined to be poor and an EFA was then conducted to assess the factor structure of these scales. The EFA revealed a four-factor structure comprised of 25 items: Sleep-Related Daytime Impairment, Sleep Regularity, Sleep Disturbance, and Sleep-Related Daytime Enhancement. Conclusion The findings from the current study add to the literature supporting the multidimensionality of sleep, as well as the continued need to assess the various facets that comprise this construct. Although the literature supports the utility of these five measures, the present study found that within a community sample, these measures are not entirely unique. Further, the present study extends our knowledge and the literature by revealing a novel factor of sleep – Sleep-Related Daytime Enhancement. It may be worthwhile for researchers and clinicians to consider latent sleep factors that contribute to sleep disturbance and sleep health. Future work is needed to further confirm the observed factor structure and assess the psychometrics of this new scale. Support (if any) National Institute on Aging (K23AG049955, PI: Dzierzewski).
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Ma, Xiaolong, Fu-Ming Guo, Wei Niu, Xue Lin, Jian Tang, Kaisheng Ma, Bin Ren, and Yanzhi Wang. "PCONV: The Missing but Desirable Sparsity in DNN Weight Pruning for Real-Time Execution on Mobile Devices." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 04 (April 3, 2020): 5117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i04.5954.
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Model compression techniques on Deep Neural Network (DNN) have been widely acknowledged as an effective way to achieve acceleration on a variety of platforms, and DNN weight pruning is a straightforward and effective method. There are currently two mainstreams of pruning methods representing two extremes of pruning regularity: non-structured, fine-grained pruning can achieve high sparsity and accuracy, but is not hardware friendly; structured, coarse-grained pruning exploits hardware-efficient structures in pruning, but suffers from accuracy drop when the pruning rate is high. In this paper, we introduce PCONV, comprising a new sparsity dimension, – fine-grained pruning patterns inside the coarse-grained structures. PCONV comprises two types of sparsities, Sparse Convolution Patterns (SCP) which is generated from intra-convolution kernel pruning and connectivity sparsity generated from inter-convolution kernel pruning. Essentially, SCP enhances accuracy due to its special vision properties, and connectivity sparsity increases pruning rate while maintaining balanced workload on filter computation. To deploy PCONV, we develop a novel compiler-assisted DNN inference framework and execute PCONV models in real-time without accuracy compromise, which cannot be achieved in prior work. Our experimental results show that, PCONV outperforms three state-of-art end-to-end DNN frameworks, TensorFlow-Lite, TVM, and Alibaba Mobile Neural Network with speedup up to 39.2 ×, 11.4 ×, and 6.3 ×, respectively, with no accuracy loss. Mobile devices can achieve real-time inference on large-scale DNNs.
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Zhang, P. L., W. Z. Shi, and X. Y. Wu. "A Merging Approach for Urban Boundary Correction Acquired By Remote Sensing Images." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 1011–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-1011-2014.
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Since reform and opening up to outside world, ever-growing economy and development of urbanization of China have caused expansion of the urban land scale. It’s necessary to grasp the information about urban spatial form change, expansion situation and expanding regularity, in order to provide the scientific basis for urban management and planning. The traditional methods, like land supply cumulative method and remote sensing, to get the urban area, existed some defects. Their results always doesn’t accord with the reality, and can’t reflects the actual size of the urban area. Therefore, we propose a new method, making the best use of remote sensing, the population data, road data and other social economic statistic data. Because urban boundary not only expresses a geographical concept, also a social economic systems.It’s inaccurate to describe urban area with only geographic areas. We firstly use remote sensing images, demographic data, road data and other data to produce urban boundary respectively. Then we choose the weight value for each boundary, and in terms of a certain model the ultimate boundary can be obtained by a series of calculations of previous boundaries. To verify the validity of this method, we design a set of experiments and obtained the preliminary results. The results have shown that this method can extract the urban area well and conforms with both the broad and narrow sense. Compared with the traditional methods, it’s more real-time, objective and ornamental.
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Aylaz, Rukuye, Ummuhan Akturk, Kevser Isik, Sinan Aslan, and Hilal Yildirim. "Evaluation of the relationship between adolescents’ nutritional habits and school achievements." International Journal of Scientific Reports 7, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20210092.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> This research was performed for the purpose of evaluating the relationship between adolescents’ nutritional habits and school achievements.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a cross-sectional study and it was performed with the participation of adolescents. Research sample was composed of a total of 1,651 students selected via cluster sampling method from six high-schools and their equivalents chosen through simple random sampling in a manner to ensure that each high school type was represented in the sample from 46 high-schools. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean of students’ school achievement scores is 72.95±12.28. As per analysis of the correlation between means of scores obtained by students from nutrition exercise behavior scale (NEBS) sub-scales and means of students’ school achievement scores, it was found that students’ school achievement was positively correlated with sub-scales of healthy nutrition-exercise behavior and regularity of meal patterns.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It was ascertained that, as scores obtained by students from NEBS increased, students’ school achievement scores went up. It is recommended that, through the cooperation to be established between health professionals, school staff and family, adolescents should be enticed to acquire the healthy food selection autonomy and to make it a part of their lifestyles as of early age.</p>
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Karve, Vaibhav, Derrek Yager, Marzieh Abolhelm, Daniel B. Work, and Richard B. Sowers. "Seasonal Disorder in Urban Traffic Patterns: A Low Rank Analysis." Journal of Big Data Analytics in Transportation 3, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42421-021-00033-4.
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AbstractThis article proposes several advances to sparse nonnegative matrix factorization (SNMF) as a way to identify large-scale patterns in urban traffic data. The input to our model is traffic counts organized by time and location. Nonnegative matrix factorization additively decomposes this information, organized as a matrix, into a linear sum of temporal signatures. Penalty terms encourage this factorization to concentrate on only a few temporal signatures, with weights which are not too large. Our interest here is to quantify and compare the regularity of traffic behavior, particularly across different broad temporal windows. In addition to the rank and error, we adapt a measure introduced by Hoyer to quantify sparsity in the representation. Combining these, we construct several curves which quantify error as a function of rank (the number of possible signatures) and sparsity; as rank goes up and sparsity goes down, the approximation can be better and the error should decreases. Plots of several such curves corresponding to different time windows leads to a way to compare disorder/order at different time scalewindows. In this paper, we apply our algorithms and procedures to study a taxi traffic dataset from New York City. In this dataset, we find weekly periodicity in the signatures, which allows us an extra framework for identifying outliers as significant deviations from weekly medians. We then apply our seasonal disorder analysis to the New York City traffic data and seasonal (spring, summer, winter, fall) time windows. We do find seasonal differences in traffic order.
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Parfenov, V. A., and I. A. Lamkova. "Effects of kinesitherapy on chronic non-specific low back pain: discussion based on clinical observations." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 2 (March 22, 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-2-14-20.
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In chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP), an integrated approach is effective, which must include kinesitherapy. Unfortunately, in our country, kinesitherapy is not always used in CNLBP, ineffective methods of therapy are often used. The article presents an observation of a 55-year-old female patient who suffered from CNLBP. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine revealed protrusions up to 4 mm at the level of L4-L5, L5-S1 segments, which were regarded as the cause of back pain. The patient was prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ointments at the place of residence, limitation of physical activity was recommended, which did not have a significant positive effect. In a specialized neurological center, during manual examination, the patient showed signs of lesion of the right sacroiliac joint (SIJ), and with diagnostic and treatment blockade (with anesthetics and corticosteroids) of the right SIJ, an almost complete temporary regression of pain was noted. The patient was explained the causes of pain, the role of SIJ lesions, prolonged physical inactivity and static loads as the causes of CNLBP, the safety and effectiveness of kinesitherapy. Movalis® (meloxicam) was used as an NSAID at 15 mg per day. The patient underwent exercises to activate the gluteal muscles, rectus abdominis muscles, strengthen the back of the thigh, relieve tension from the square muscles of the lower back, and relax the hip flexor muscles. Techniques for controlling the neutral position of the spine and the walking pattern were worked out. Within 10 days, the pain completely disappeared, functional disorders on the Oswestry scale decreased from 34% to 10%. Over the next 3 months, the patient regularly performed therapeutic exercises, avoided static loads, her physical activity increased from 10 to 26 points, back pain did not bother her. The issues of the effectiveness of kinesitherapy in CNLBP are discussed. It is noted that in CNLBP, regularity of physical exercises, exclusion of abrupt and excessive movements, and static loads are of leading importance. Walking represent a highly effective method of treatment and prevention of CNLBP and should be combined with other methods of kinesitherapy. The efficacy and low risk of complications from the use of meloxicam in patients with CNLBP not only from the gastrointestinal tract, but also from the cardiovascular system are noted. The use of kinesitherapy in complex therapy can help many patients with CNLBP, in whom it has not been previously used.
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Abramov, Alexander, and Xenia Akshentseva. "The Determinants of Mutual Funds Performance in Russia." Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 9, no. 2 (July 8, 2015): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.9.2.2015.37-53.
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Ksenia Akshentseva is a junior researcher at the Institute of Applied Economic Research of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation. Email ksakshentceva@gmail.com
Alexander Abramov is a candidate of economic sciences, a leading researcher at the Institute of Applied Economic Research of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Service under the President of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of the Stock Market and the Investment Market, National Research University "Higher School of Economics". Email: ae_abramov@mail.ru
Despite 19 years of the existence of mutual funds in Russia, their performance and effectiveness remain not deeply investigated subjects. The deficit of academic research has a negative influence on the investors’ and regulator’s attitude towards the collective investment market in Russia. In contrast to many other countries oriented on the development of internal stock market, collective investment in Russia does not yet play an active role in the mobilization of internal private savings.This article intends to partially make up for the lack of knowledge about the economy of mutual funds in Russia. It presents the analysis of three measures of mutual fund performance in Russia: the share return, net flow and management company fee. The analysis is based on a unique dataset which contains information about characteristics of 755 mutual funds and covers a 13 year period of the existence of the collective investment sector in Russia. The mutual fund return is able to outperform inflation, return on government bonds and return on the 50/50 strategy. During the periods 2000-2013 and 2008-2013 the abnormal return, net flow and management company fee have followed the same regularity as their foreign counterparts. Thus, mutual funds are one of the most important players in the Russian financial market. We also showed that for the successful development of collective investment in Russia it is necessary to increase the scale of operations, cost management effectiveness and transparency
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Vovk, N. S. "The Using of Library Social Networks Profiles for the Moral and Informational Support of Readers in March-April of 2022." Visnyk of Kharkiv State Academy of Culture, no. 61 (June 29, 2022): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31516/2410-5333.061.09.
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The scientific topicality. The development of libraries in recent decades has been marked by the transformation of their functions: modern book collection is not only the preservation of books and publishing books, but also cultural and educational functions (educating young people of the best human and civic qualities, intellectual development, important events of the year, promotion and use of information and library resources of the book collection, etc.). The library became especially relevant as information and resource center during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The purpose of research is to analyze the representation of libraries in social networks for cultural and educational activities among the population during the Russian-Ukrainian war.
The methodology. In the research such methods were used: the comparative method (comparison of the activities of libraries from different regions of Ukraine), the description methods (description of posts on “Facebook” social network), the analysis and data visualization (analysis of the latest research on educational and informational work of libraries through social networks; the results of the analysis of posts according to certain criteria), methods of comparison (comparison of the libraries activities in different Ukrainian regions) and generalization (conclusions on the activities of the library in the front areas and in the rear area).
The results. The peculiarities of cultural and educational activities and moral and informational support of library users since the beginning of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war (analysis period 24.02.2022–30.04.2022) are analyzed.
The scientific novelty. It is the first time of determination of the main directions of cultural and educational work and moral and informational support provided by libraries during the Russian-Ukrainian war.
The practical significance. The results of the research are presented in the form of a detailed description of library posts and in tabular form according to the following criteria: number of posts, regularity of posts, nature of posts and number of educational activities.
The conclusion. An analysis of library representations in different regions of Ukraine on social networks showed that all libraries have suspended book publishing for a short period of time (up to a month) since the beginning of full-scale Russian aggression in Ukraine, but at the same time provided informational support to the public. The articles of all libraries represent the educational and volunteer activities of librarians during the Russian-Ukrainian war. Social networks in this activity provide information support for such events and information support for the activities of both volunteers and internally displaced persons.
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Budd, Chris J., Weizhang Huang, and Robert D. Russell. "Adaptivity with moving grids." Acta Numerica 18 (May 2009): 111–241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962492906400015.
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In this article we survey r-adaptive (or moving grid) methods for solving time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs). Although these methods have received much less attention than their h- and p-adaptive counterparts, particularly within the finite element community, we review the substantial progress that has been made in developing more robust and reliable algorithms and in understanding the basic principles behind these methods, and we give some numerical examples illustrative of the wide classes of problems for which these methods are suitable alternatives to the traditional ones.More specifically, we first examine the basic geometric properties of moving meshes in both one and higher spatial dimensions, and discuss the discretization process for PDEs on such moving meshes (both structured and unstructured). In particular, we consider the issues of mesh regularity, equidistribution, alignment, and associated variational methods. An overview is given of the general interpolation error analysis for a function or a truncation error on such an adaptive mesh. Guided by these principles, we show how to design effective moving mesh strategies. We then examine in more detail how these strategies can be implemented in practice. The first class of methods which we consider are based upon controlling mesh density and hence are called position-based methods. These make use of a so-called moving mesh PDE (MMPDE) approach and variational methods, as well as optimal transport methods. This is followed by an analysis of methods which have a more Lagrange-like interpretation, and due to this focus are called velocity-based methods. These include the moving finite element method (MFE), the geometric conservation law (GCL) methods, and the deformation map method. Finally, we present a number of specific types of examples for which the use of a moving mesh method is particularly effective in applications. These include scale-invariant problems, blow-up problems, problems with moving fronts and problems in meteorology. We conclude that, whilst r-adaptive methods are still in their relatively early stages of development, with many outstanding questions remaining, they have enormous potential and indeed can produce an optimal form of adaptivity for many problems.
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Kulikov, Alexander G., Irina N. Zakharova, Tatiana M. Tvorogova, Larisa L. Stepurina, and Lubov' I. Elezova. "The use of magnesium-containing mineral waters for functional constipation in children and adolescents." Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation 17, no. 5 (July 30, 2020): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/1681-3456-2018-17-5-272-278.
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Background. Functional constipation continues to be one of the urgent problems in the practice of a pediatrician and pediatric gastroenterologist. The frequency of constipation in children is about 2530%. A regular, painless bowel movement with a stool of soft consistency is possible only with a whole range of measures, including the use of laxatives. The possibility of using therapeutic magnesium-containing mineral water as an osmotic laxative in children and adolescents has not been adequately addressed in the literature.
Aim: to study the effectiveness of the use of magnesium-containing mineral water in treatment and prevention of functional constipation in children and adolescents.
Methods. The design was a randomized prospective, open, comparative study. The study included 95 children and adolescents aged 1016 years (average age 12.7 0.2 years) who were receiving sanatorium therapy with a diagnosis of functional constipation. Follow-up was performed for 18 days. The patients received basic therapy in the form of a sparing-exercise regimen, therapeutic nutrition, health-improving massage, and physiotherapy exercises. The subjects were divided into 2 groups by common randomization. The group 1 consisted of 55 patients who, along with basic treatment, took therapeutic mineral magnesium-containing water. The group 2 (control) consisted of 40 pediatric patients who received only basic treatment. Patient groups were comparable by disease pattern, gender, and age. The examination included a general medical examination, filling out special questionnaires reflecting the frequency and nature of the defecation; assessment of the vegetative status and functional reserves of the body on the Health Sources hardware complex.
Results. In the study group, by the day 5 of therapy, daily defecation was achieved in 49.0% of patients; and by the end of the course of treatment, defecation regularity was registered in 89.1% of children. In the control group, the positive changes were less pronounced and amounted to 55% by the end of the treatment course (p 0.05). When taking mineral water, the nature of the defecation changed, namely in 89.1% of patients, it became of soft consistency with free painless bowel movement. When assessed according to the Bristol scale, the defecation corresponded to the types 3 and 4 with the initial type 1. In patients who did not receive a course of mineral water, during the entire follow-up period, no significant changes in the nature of defecation were detected, while the type 3 was noted in only 18% of patients by the end of the course of treatment. When taking mineral water, most patients of the main group developed a persistent reflex to morning defecation after ingestion of mineral water.
Conclusion. Studies have shown that magnesium-containing mineral water is an effective, safe and easy to use means of correcting functional constipation in children and can be used both in outpatient practice and in sanatorium treatment.
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Hassan, Hafiz Ali, and Sayyed Khawar Abbas. "Factors influencing the investors’ intention to adopt Takaful (Islamic insurance) products." Journal of Islamic Marketing 11, no. 1 (April 22, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jima-03-2018-0064.
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Purpose The research paper is an effort to find out the behavior of Pakistani individuals toward usage of Takaful insurance. This paper aims to identify the factors, which influence investors’ intention toward the adoption of Takaful. Islamic finance is growing rapidly in the international market, especially in Islamic countries. Pakistan is an Islamic country, where the majority of the population is Muslim. Therefore, there is a great potential for Takaful exists in the country. Design/methodology/approach Both explanatory and descriptive research designs used for the research framework. The theory of planned behavior is the base theory and the model incorporates several factors such as relative advantage, compatibility, social influence, awareness and religiosity that may influence the adoption of Takaful. The primary data collected through the distribution of self-administered survey-based questionnaire, containing 23 items scaled at a five-point Likert scale. The non-probability snowball sampling and judgmental sampling techniques are used due to the scarce of Takaful users. The sample consists of 345 individuals (127 Takaful users and 218 non-users) living in the three main cities, namely, Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad. The data are further analyzed and interpreted with IBM SPSS 21. The results are evaluated using descriptive statistics, reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation and binary logistic regression models. Findings The research findings reveal that factors such as relative advantage, compatibility, social influence, awareness and religiosity have a significant impact on the behavioral intention of Takaful amongst a depicted sample of Pakistani people. Similarly, Takaful has great potential in the Pakistani market, but due to lack of awareness, Takaful share is far behind than conventional insurance. It is further suggested that Takaful operators must devise some policies and plan to spread awareness about Takaful and come up with more innovative products. Practical implications The Takaful operators must devise plans to aware people about Islamic insurance. The study provides implication to Takaful management; Takaful users; and more importantly, the regularity authorities to operate and successfully conduct Takaful applications. Further, they should advance Takaful operations and produce more innovative products. The study focuses on some factors while there are plenty of others, which should be studied accordingly. For future researchers and students, there is a great potential of other techniques and measures, which can be further used for analysis of Takaful business. Originality/value This research is a first attempt to trace out the behavior of Pakistani people about Takaful, using the above discussed factors. The behavioral intention is studied using users and non-users combination, which is never done before in the current setting.
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Halimeh, Susan, Sylvia Von Mackensen, Lina Lourak, June Schwarzbach, and Manuela Siebert. "Treatment of Women with Heavy Menstrual Bleeding with a Combination Therapy of Agnus Castus and Tranexamic Acid - Experiences of a German Single Centre." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-153644.
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Abstract Background: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common gynaecological problem and is the reason for 18-30% of gynaecological visits. In a European study in 4,502 women, 27.2% were diagnosed with HMB (Fraser et al., 2015). On the other hand, HMB is often associated with bleeding disorders (Shankar et al., 2004). The definition of HMB has different perspectives; from a subjective perspective HMB is defined as e excessive menstrual blood loss impacting on women's physical, social, emotional and/or mental quality of life, whereas from an objective perspective it is defined as excessive blood loss >80 ml per cycle (Munro et al., 2012). There are different approaches for treating HMB such as the administration of non-steroidal drugs, Desmopressin, herbal Vitex Agnus Castus (VAC), Tranexamic acid (TXA) or a hormonal therapy; moreover, HMB can also be treated surgically. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of the specific HMB management used in our center: Women with HMB are treated usually with VAC, which optimizes the relation of estrogen to progesterone in the female body (Yavarikia et al., 2013). VAC can be used without using any hormones (Shahnazi et al, 2016), providing a treatment with a low impact on women's bodies. Additionally, TXA is given during the menstruation due to its antifibrinolytic effect. Furthermore, the "Pictural Blood-Loss-Assessment- Chart" (PBAC Score) is administered to analyze the menstrual blood loss. Methods: Two ad hoc patient-reported questionnaires were developed to test the efficacy of the HMB management in our center The baseline questionnaire includes the following aspects: menarche, duration, regularity, number of sanitary products, pain level, medical background and family history. During the first visit in our center women with HMB filled in the baseline questionnaire. In addition, laboratory tests are done including a comprehensive coagulation test and the examination of iron and hemoglobin levels. Moreover, we presented an application called "My Flow Score" to the patients, which calculates the PBAC score as a result of all entered sanitary products women use during their period. Women are prescribed VAC and/or TXA for the management of their HMB. After four months patients are scheduled for a follow up appointment. At that time they complete the follow-up questionnaire including the following aspects: compliance with the medication or the reason for the non-compliance, health complaints due to the medication, duration of the period, improvement, pain level, PBAC score if the patient did use the APP "My Flow Score" or if not the number of sanitary products. A blood test was taken and the HMB management was adapted to the patients' needs. Results: So far, 100 women with HMB with a median age of 14 years (range 9-50) were enrolled in our study. They had their menarche with a median age of 12 years (range 8-17). Diagnosis of women ranged from iron or folic acid deficiency to different forms of bleeding disorders; with the majority suffering from von Willebrand disease (43/100) followed by iron deficiency (14/100). One fifth of the patients had more than one diagnosis. 1/3 of patients received a treatment for the HMB previously, mainly contraceptives, TXA or VAC. 49% reported anomalies with regard to previous other bleeding; 25.8% had increased hematomas and 19.6% recurrent epistaxis. Most of them reported anomalies already in the family (60.2%). Before treatment women had a median PBAC Score of 169 (range 77-800) and reported a median pain level of 6.5 during menstruation on a scale ranging from 1 (low pain) to 10 (extreme pain). 87/100 women received VCA, of these 75.4% regularly and 85/100 women received TXA, of these 84.6% regularly. 81% of them received a combination of both medicines. Compared to before 28.8% of patients reported shorter duration of menstruation and reduced bleeding with treatment, 11.9% did not experience any improvement; the PBAC score decreased significantly (p<.0001). Conclusions: Although the type of diagnosis in women suffering from HMB had a great variation, these patients had a high disease burden with a relatively high level of pain and a high loss of blood assessed with the PBAC score. Thanks to a combination of VAC and TXA the disease burden in these women could be reduced, especially for the time of menstruation and amount of bleeding. VAC proved to be highly accepted by women due to its low treatment burden. Disclosures Von Mackensen: University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf: Current Employment; Sobi: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Consultancy; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy; Biomarin: Speakers Bureau; CSL Behring: Speakers Bureau; Chugai/Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Vaicekauskienė, Loreta. "Driving Forces behind Language Change. Does Danish Theory Hold up in Lithuania?" Scandinavistica Vilnensis, no. 14 (May 27, 2019): 241–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/scandinavisticavilnensis.2019.12.
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The paper presents a large-scale investigation of attitudes towards standard and dialectal speech varieties in Lithuania. It aimed at, firstly, obtaining comparable data on assessments of speech variation under two methodologically different conditions: ‘unaware condition’ (the participants being unaware of the linguistic goals of the research) and ‘aware condition’. Secondly, it aimed at testing whether the two layers of consciousness yield two different systems of social values and how the evaluations accord with changes in language usage. The theory was developed by Danish scholars whose numerous experimental studies proved the driving force role of subconscious attitudes. The investigation closely followed the Danish methodology and was carried out in 23 secondary schools in 7 regions and the capital city of Lithuania, covering almost 1.5 thousand pupils in total. The regularity of the findings, i.e. the overall tendency to overtly valorise local dialects but subconsciously to downgrade dialect accented voices, confirmed that language awareness affects assignment of values to language and must be regarded as an important explanatory factor for the scenarios of language change.
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Safronova, I. N., T. K. Yurkovskaya, I. S. Ilyina, R. V. Kamelin, T. V. Kotova, G. N. Ogureeva, and N. V. Anisimоva. "On the creation of the new survey vegetation map of Asia, s. 1 : 4 000 000." Geobotanical mapping, no. 1996 (1997): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/geobotmap/1996.56.
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In September 1995 the First International Workshop on compiling the new survey vegetation map of Asia was held in St.-Petersburg. At this workshop the decision was adopted to create an integrated united cartographic work of survey scale 1 : 4 000 000. The vegetation cover of Asia is most complex. Among its characteristic features are: the unique system of latitudinal zonation; the fullest set of meridional sectors; diverse types of vertical zonation; the widespread reverse zonation (hollow effect); great variety of vegetation types (from desert, poor in species, up to the floristically richest rain tropical forest); diverse ancient flora with high endemism. The full spectrum of natural zones in the northern hemisphere can be observed only in Asia. The concept for creation of the new vegetation map of Asia will be worked out in the process of mapping its separate extensive regions (blocs). In this communication a number of conceptual statements, concerning the general principles and methods of compiling the map, are proposed for discussion. We are of the opinion that the map should reflect the hierarchic multidimension division of vegetation. The survey map s. 1 : 4 000 000 of such an extensive territory should depict first of all the macrostructural regularities of vegetation cover of Asia, connected with the differentiation of environment at the subplanetary level. At the elaboration of map it is necessary first to present: 1) the latitudinal regularities in distribution of vegetation macro- (mega)-complexes from the High Arctic territories down to the tropical ones; 2) the regularities of vertical zonation and variety of its structures, considerably differing in various parts of the continent, belonging to different zones and sectors; 3) the meridional - sectoral regularity of macro-complexes; 4) the regional features of vegetation cover of the territories mapped, its typological composition depending on main ecological factors (lithology, soil variety, humidity, salt accumulation, etc.). In order to mirror the above regularities the hierarchic structure of subtitles will be used in the legend, which will permit to show the vegetation cover in whole its variety and its connection with the environmental factors (Sochava, 1972). In the traditional text form of legend the typological element appears as the leading structure-forming one, since there are survey typological maps for the former USSR and China (i. e. for the greatest part of the continent) in the same scale. Side by side with phytocoenomers (such as group of associations, class of associations, formation) phytocoenochoras, or territorial combinations of phytocoenoses, will be used: types of complexes, of series, of ecological-dynamic series, of mire massifs, of phytocatenas, of combinations, etc. On the vegetation map of Asia the actual vegetation will be shown, including its anthropogenic derivatives. The highest divisions of the legend will be «Northern extratropical vegetation» and «Tropical vegetation», each of them being subdivided into «Vegetation of plains and low plateaus» and «Vegetation of mountains and high plateaus», owing to essential differences in the macrostructures of vegetation cover of these territories. For the macrostructures of northern extratropic vegetation on the plains differentiation into florogenetic complexes may be accepted, taking into account the zonal differentiation of the vegetation cover. As the experience of international cooperation has shown we should aspire to integrated and generalized characteristics of mapping units. The vegetation map of Asia will include the dynamic subject as well. For mountain territories it is necessary to reflect the systems of altitudinal zonation from the arctic and hypoarctic spectra to the tropical ones with further subdivision into the regional groups. In conclusion the authors have emphasized that vegetation map is the fundamental base for better understanding of the ecological processes, first of all of changes in vegetation cover. Compiling the survey map of such variable by natural environments extensive subcontinent, as Asia, is really a challenge, but its significance and urgency are indisputable.
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Burlakova, G., and М. Bukina. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE DEGREE OF NECESSITY OF QUALITY INDICATORS IN THE PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION EVALUATION SYSTEM." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 157 (September 25, 2020): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-4-157-152-157.
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The approaches to assessing the quality of passenger transport services and indicators considered in scientific works, and also existing in state and international standards, are considered. A hierarchical system of indicators (ranking level) has been drawn up, which distributes the sequence of indicators of transport services. The foreign experience of organizing the work of municipal transport was taken into account, the quality of service of which is constantly monitored and as close as possible to the needs of passengers. However, a number of issues, namely: measuring the quality of transport services for the population on a digital scale, methods and methods for monitoring quality assessment, and improving it, etc., remain open. Based on the results of the preliminary study, the main indicators for assessing the quality of passenger transport were identified and grouped, both objective and dependent on the perception of the consumer, which most clearly describe the quality of the provision of passenger transport services. Almost all researchers in their works have determined that the system of general quality indicators should include the following indicators: availability, reliability, comfort, information content, safety, regularity, cost-effectiveness. But due to the importance of each of the elements of the complex indicator, it is necessary to take into account not only all the components of the quality assessment, but also, to a certain extent, their impact on the quality of the transportation process. The article analyzes the importance of each component included in the system of indicators for assessing the quality of transport services for passengers. The necessity of digital assessment of the quality of services for the transportation of passengers by city bus transport has been substantiated. The developed methodology will allow assessing the quality of passenger transportation by other types of transport. The degree of the need for quality indicators in the passenger traffic assessment system has been substantiated, which will allow evaluating the quality of passenger service not at the verbal level ("bad", "good"), but at the level of digital comparison. substantiation of the degree of need for quality indicators in the passenger traffic assessment system; considering the feasibility of each indicator with its constituent components, determining the degree of influence of each component on the quality of the provision of services for the carriage of passengers by road. For the digitalization of the assessment of the quality of transportation, the designation of the general quality indicator is adopted - Яобщ. In numerical terms, the quality indicator should tend to the maximum value, which in this study is taken as 4. For this, all indicators will be divided into separate components, the weight of which will be estimated at 0.1. A general indicator for assessing the quality of passenger transportation has been determined, which will determine the competitiveness of the enterprise, satisfy the need for a high-quality transportation process, taking into account all criteria and indicators. Thus, the assessment of the quality of passenger transportation, based on the minimum value of the coefficient, which will tend from 3.5 to 4, will determine the ability of the enterprise to carry out the transportation of passengers according to a qualitative assessment and, taking it into account, conduct tenders for the transportation of passengers. Keywords: quality assessment, indicators, transport service, transportation process, passenger traffic, monitoring, ranking.
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Gokce, Serap, and Canan Demir Barutcu. "Evaluation of Cognitive Functions of Individuals Older Than 65 With Diagnosis of Diabetes." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr 34, no. 3 (September 27, 2018): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533317518802453.
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This study was conducted in order to examine the level of cognitive function of individuals ≥65 years of age with diabetes. The cross-sectional descriptive design was used. The research was carried out in the diabetes polyclinic of a university hospital between June 2016 and January 2018. The study sample consisted of 91 patients. Data were collected with the scale of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The average score of the patients in the MoCA Scale was found to be 19.61 ± 1.70 (min: 15, max: 26). Diabetes is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction for individuals above 65 years of age. Health professionals regularly monitor the cognitive functions of diabetic patients and use the MoCA scale in these follow-up and plan training and counseling initiatives according to their needs.
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Jadresic, D., M. Riccio, D. A. Hawkins, B. Wilson, D. C. Shanson, and C. Thompson. "Long-Term Impact of HIV Diagnosis on Mood and Substance Use—St Stephen's Cohort Study." International Journal of STD & AIDS 5, no. 4 (July 1994): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249400500404.
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Twenty HIV positive and 68 HIV negative subjects were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and by the Alcohol and Drugs Frequency Schedule immediately prior to notification of their HIV serostatus and 6 months after serodiagnosis. The 2 groups did not differ significantly in levels of anxiety or depression at baseline or follow-up. There were borderline levels of pathological anxiety prior to notification of HIV serostatus in both groups. The drop to normal levels of anxiety which had occurred by follow-up was significant in the HIV positive group. About a third of subjects in both groups were regularly making use of alcohol and/or drugs, both at baseline and follow-up. Mean levels of weekly alcohol intake for both groups ranged from about 20 to 30 units per week. The drugs most commonly used (in any frequency) were nitrates (‘poppers’) and cannabis.
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Wang, Gang, Xin-Jian Li, Yi-Song Hu, Qi Cheng, Chun-Fang Wang, Qin Xiao, Jun Liu, et al. "Mortality from Parkinson’s disease in China: Findings from a five-year follow up study in Shanghai." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 42, no. 4 (May 20, 2015): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.49.
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AbstractIntroduction: The mortality of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its associated risk factors among clinically definite PD patients in China has been rarely investigated. Our study aimed to identify the mortality rates and predictors of death in PD patients in China. Methods: 157 consecutive, clinically definite PD patients from the urban area of Shanghai were recruited from a central hospital based movement disorder clinic in 2006. All patients were regularly followed up at the clinic until December 31, 2011, or death. Mortality and associations with baseline demographics, health and medical factors were then determined within the cohort. Results: After 5 years, 11(7%) patients had died. The standardised mortality ratio was 0.62 (95% CI 0.32 to 1.07, P=0.104). The main causes of death were pneumonia (54.5%, 6/11) and digestive disorders (18.2%, 2/11), respectively. Age at onset, independent living, the mini mental state examination score, the Parkinson’s disease sleep scale score and the Epworth sleepiness scale score at baseline were statistically significantly different between the survival group and the deceased group (P<0.05). Across all participants, risk factors for death included low mini mental state examination score, and high Epworth sleepiness scale score according to a binary variable logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: This study confirms the similar survival of patients with PD to the control population up to a follow-up of 5 years. Interventions tailored to potential risk factors associated with death may offer further benefits.
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Naghizadeh, Mostafa, and Mauricio D. Sacchi. "Beyond alias hierarchical scale curvelet interpolation of regularly and irregularly sampled seismic data." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 6 (November 2010): WB189—WB202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3509468.
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We propose a robust interpolation scheme for aliased regularly sampled seismic data that uses the curvelet transform. In a first pass, the curvelet transform is used to compute the curvelet coefficients of the aliased seismic data. The aforementioned coefficients are divided into two groups of scales: alias-free and alias-contaminated scales. The alias-free curvelet coefficients are upscaled to estimate a mask function that is used to constrain the inversion of the alias-contaminated scale coefficients. The mask function is incorporated into the inversion via a minimum norm least-squares algorithm that determines the curvelet coefficients of the desired alias-free data. Once the alias-free coefficients are determined, the curvelet synthesis operator is used to reconstruct seismograms at new spatial positions. The proposed method can be used to reconstruct regularly and irregularly sampled seismic data. We believe that our exposition leads to a clear unifying thread between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] beyond-alias interpolation methods and curvelet reconstruction. As in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] interpolation, we stress the necessity of examining seismic data at different scales (frequency bands) to come up with viable and robust interpolation schemes. Synthetic and real data examples are used to illustrate the performance of the proposed curvelet interpolation method.
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Guo, Hai, Yanyan Wang, and Yifei Zhang. "A Water Gauge Scale Capturing Method in Tidal Well Based on Image Recognition." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2320, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2320/1/012029.
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Abstract Tide level observation data is an important technical support data for the delimitation of warning tide level and disaster prevention. The performance of the tidal well is tested by regularly checking the external water gauge, so as to maintain the tidal follow-up and wave dissipation of the tidal well. The check of water gauge inside and outside the well shall be carried out once a month. It is time-consuming and labour consuming. The paper proposes a real-time borehole water gauge capturing algorithm in tidal well based on image recognition. Experiments have proved that the method can recognize the water gauge scale effectively. The comparison experiments with the other standard measurement method are done. It can be seen from the comparison chart that the error between the water gauge scale and the tide level value is ± 1cm, which meets the national standard.
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Sheley, Roger L., Edward A. Vasquez, Anna-Marie Chamberlain, and Brenda S. Smith. "Landscape-Scale Rehabilitation of Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae)-Dominated Sagebrush Steppe." Invasive Plant Science and Management 5, no. 4 (December 2012): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-12-00030.1.
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AbstractProducers facing infestations of invasive annual grasses regularly voice the need for practical revegetation strategies that can be applied across broad landscapes. Our objective was to determine the potential for scaling up the single-entry approach for revegetating medusahead-infested rangeland to broader, more heterogeneous landscape-scale revegetation of winter annual grass–infested rangeland. We hypothesized, when applied on a highly variable landscape scale, the combination of imazapic and seeding would provide highest abundance of perennial grasses and lowest amount of annual grasses. Treatments included a control, seeding of crested wheatgrass (‘Hycrest’) and Sandberg's bluegrass, spraying (60 g ai ha−1 imazapic), and a simultaneously applied combination of spraying and seeding. The HyCrest and Sandberg's bluegrass seeding rates were 19 and 3.4 kg ha−1, respectively. The treatments were applied to large plots (1.4 to 8 ha) and replicated five times, with each replication located in different watersheds throughout southeastern Oregon. This study shows that the single-entry approach can be scaled up to larger landscapes, but variation within establishment areas will likely be high. This procedure should reduce the costs over multientry treatment applications and make revegetating annual grass–infested rangeland across landscapes more affordable.
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Munshi, Santanu, and Agnik Pal. "Exploring the role of therapeutic drug monitoring and regular supervision in optimizing quality of life in patients of bipolar affective disorder receiving lithium therapy in a tertiary care teaching hospital: a prospective observational study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 2813. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20203090.
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Background: Lithium is considered first line drug effective in treating manic and mixed episodes of bipolar affective disorders throughout the globe. But the chronic and heterogenous nature of disease, along with toxicity of lithium often make patients non-adherent to medication as well as diminished health related quality of life. Present study was done to find out the prospect of regular supervision and follow up with therapeutic drug monitoring in optimization of lithium therapy based on health-related quality of life outcomes.Methods: It was a prospective, non-randomized, observational study of a cohort of subjects who are suffering from bipolar affective disorders and on lithium therapy. Patients were regularly followed up with therapeutic drug monitoring and personalized interview with questionnaires like WHO Quality of Life Score (QOL-Bref), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale (MADRS) and Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS).Results: Results revealed there was significant improvement in health-related quality of life of patients who were monitored with therapeutic drug monitoring and prescribed lithium therapy.Conclusions: Hence to maintain patients’ quality of life improved throughout the cycle of bipolar disorder spectrum, regular follow-up visits with monitoring of serum levels of lithium is needed, so that adverse effects would be minimal and adherence to medication become optimal. These optimal dosing resulting in optimal benefit to patients can be achieved with the involvement of clinical pharmacological consultation.
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Bashit, Nurhadi, Novia Sari Ristianti, Yudi Eko Windarto, and Desyta Ulfiana. "The Mapping of Land Use Using Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) in Klaten Regency." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 06036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020206036.
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Klaten Regency is one of the regencies in Central Java Province that has an increasing population every year. This can cause an increase in built-up land for human activities. The built-up land needs to be monitored so that the construction is in accordance with the regional development plan so that it does not cause problems such as the occurrence of critical land. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor land use regularly. One method for monitoring land use is the remote sensing method. The remote sensing method is much more efficient in mapping land use because without having to survey the field. The remote sensing method utilizes satellite imagery data that can be processed for land use classification. This study uses the sentinel 2 satellite image data with the Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) algorithm to obtain land use classification. Sentinel 2 satellite imagery is a medium resolution image category with a spatial resolution of 10 meters. The land use classification can be used to see the distribution of built-up land in Klaten Regency without having to conduct a field survey. The results of the study obtained a segmentation scale parameter value of 60 and a merge scale parameter value of 85. The classification results obtained by 5 types of land use with OBIA. Agricultural land use dominates with an area of 50% of the total area.
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Rizanaj, Nderim, and Agron Bytyqi. "Effects of Physical Activity on Controlling Blood Pressure Among Hypertensive Patients at the Region of Prizren." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i1.p184-186.
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Aim: To describe the effect of physical activity on controlling blood pressure among hypertensive patients at Region of Prizren. Method: A sample of 101 patients diagnosed with hypertension in the region of Prizren, which were randomly selected from those hypertensive patients who visited the Main Family Medicine Centre and Private ambulance “Nderimed” for their regular follow up. A structured questionnaire (Life Style Questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale) with questions on different characteristics was administered. In terms of gender composition there were 41 men and 49 women, aged between 45 and 74 years old. Result: Among our sample just 7.8% reported that they make physical activity regularly. 68% of the sample reported that they engaged less than one hour per week in some kind of activity and their motivation to do so was also weak, just half of them report that they want to lose in weight. When participants were asked how many hours they move by walk or bike, with 0 hours reported 69%. Conclusion: The increased risk of physical inactivity in controlling hypertension in this study suggests that general practitioners must be in the habit of prescribing practice of physical exercise and patients are followed up regularly to confirm that they are adhering to the management plan and the blood pressure targets are being met.
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Wolinsky, Fredric D., Stacie M. Metz, William M. Tierney, Kathleen W. Wyrwich, Ajit N. Babu, and Kurt Kroenke. "Test-Retest Reliability of the Mirowsky-Ross 2 × 2 Index of the Sense of Control." Psychological Reports 94, no. 2 (April 2004): 725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.2.725-732.
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This study investigated the short-term stability of the 1991 Mirowsky-Ross 2 × 2 Index of the Sense of Control. From an ongoing longitudinal study, 304 subjects were randomly selected for test-retest interviews occurring 1 to 4 days after their regularly scheduled first follow-up interview. Test-retest reliability was assessed at the item level using percent agreement and weighted kappa. At the scale score level, reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient ( ICC). ICCs were also calculated within categories of demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and functional status characteristics. There was moderate to substantial item-level agreement (mean weighted kappa = .51; weighted kappa range =.38 to .66). At the scale score level there was substantial agreement ( ICC =.71). No appreciable differences in ICC values were found in the demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and functional comparisons of status characteristics. Thus, this sense of control measure has acceptable test-retest reliability and is appropriate for use in longitudinal research.
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Smith, Kim, David Dossett, and Martin Sevior. "Development of the Dataset Searcher Webapp for finding data on the Belle II computing grid." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 04021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024504021.
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In any large scale scientific experiment involving enormous quantities of data it is crucial that everyone involved has quick and easy access to all the relevant datasets for their research. By the end of the run time of the Belle II experiment there will be a projected 50 ab−1 of integrated luminosity making it no exception. Until now the only method for locating data of interest was by looking up hand written tables that needed to be regularly updated. In this paper, a new webapp built on the DIRAC software framework will be presented which aims to be the new standard for not only locating data but also storing all its associated metadata.
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Wagner, Arndt, Elissa Eggenweiler, Felix Weinhardt, Zubin Trivedi, David Krach, Christoph Lohrmann, Kartik Jain, et al. "Permeability Estimation of Regular Porous Structures: A Benchmark for Comparison of Methods." Transport in Porous Media 138, no. 1 (April 17, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-021-01586-2.
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AbstractThe intrinsic permeability is a crucial parameter to characterise and quantify fluid flow through porous media. However, this parameter is typically uncertain, even if the geometry of the pore structure is available. In this paper, we perform a comparative study of experimental, semi-analytical and numerical methods to calculate the permeability of a regular porous structure. In particular, we use the Kozeny–Carman relation, different homogenisation approaches (3D, 2D, very thin porous media and pseudo 2D/3D), pore-scale simulations (lattice Boltzmann method, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics and finite-element method) and pore-scale experiments (microfluidics). A conceptual design of a periodic porous structure with regularly positioned solid cylinders is set up as a benchmark problem and treated with all considered methods. The results are discussed with regard to the individual strengths and limitations of the used methods. The applicable homogenisation approaches as well as all considered pore-scale models prove their ability to predict the permeability of the benchmark problem. The underestimation obtained by the microfluidic experiments is analysed in detail using the lattice Boltzmann method, which makes it possible to quantify the influence of experimental setup restrictions.
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Abdelfattah, E., M. Bassiony, M. Sehlo, A. Zayed, and S. Atwa. "Assessment of Relapse in Patients with Schizophrenia during COVID-19 pandemic." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S309—S310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.790.
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Introduction People with schizophrenia could be more substantially influenced by the emotional stress brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in relapses or worsening of an already existing mental health condition because of the high susceptibility to stress. Objectives This study aimed to assess the presence of relapse and its risk factors among patients with schizophrenia during the era of COVID 19 pandemic. Methods This study included 90 adults who met DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia and were diagnosed by (SCID-I) Arabic version and who are following up at the outpatient psychiatric clinic, Zagazig University Hospital, Egypt, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) measuring severity of symptoms, Compliance Rating Scale (CRS) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). scales were conducted on those patients before COVID-19 pandemic from January to April 2019 and repeated on September to November 2020 during COVID 19 pandemic to compare clinical parameters between those two periods as to detect any deterioration in their clinical state. Results The mean score of compliance rating scale (CRS) was decreased after COVID-19 pandemic compared to before COVID 19 (P<0.001).The mean score of PANSS scale positive subscale (P) had increased after COVID-19 pandemic compared to before COVID 19 (P<0.001). Conclusions There was a deterioration of the clinical state of schizophrenic patients during COVID-19 pandemic especially the positive symptoms and following up the news about COVID-19 regularly, decreased level of family support, lower level of compliance with treatment, and having a family member with COVID-19 infection or death were the risk factors for relapse. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Showler, Allan T., and Weste L. A. Osbrink. "Stable Fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), Dispersal and Governing Factors." International Journal of Insect Science 7 (January 2015): IJIS.S21647. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/ijis.s21647.
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Although the movement of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), has been studied, its extent and significance has been uncertain. On a local scale (<13 km), fly movement occurs between host animals and resting sites to feed and mate, mainly at on-farm locations where herbivorous livestock regularly congregate. Small numbers emigrate from livestock congregation sites in search of other hosts and oviposition substrate, mostly within <1.6 km. Such local movement occurs by flight ∼90 cm above ground, or with moving livestock. While stable flies are active year-round in warm latitudes, cold winters in temperate areas result in substantial population and activity declines, limiting movement of any sort to warmer seasons. Long-distance dispersal (>13 km) is mainly wind-driven by weather fronts that carry stable flies from inland farm areas for up to 225 km to beaches of northwestern Florida and Lake Superior. Stable flies can reproduce for a short time each year in washed-up sea grass, but the beaches are not conducive to establishment. Such movement is passive and does not appear to be advantageous to stable fly's survival. On a regional scale, stable flies exhibit little genetic differentiation, and on the global scale, while there might be more than one “lineage”, the species is nevertheless considered to be panmictic. Population expansion across much of the globe likely occurred from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene in association with the spread of domesticated nomad livestock and particularly with more sedentary, penned livestock.
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Kunakh, Olga, Yulia Zhukova, Volodymyr Yakovenko, and Olga Daniuk. "Influence of Plants on the Spatial Variability of Soil Penetration Resistance." Ekológia (Bratislava) 41, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2022-0012.
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Abstract Soil penetration resistance is an informative indicator to monitor soil compaction, which affects a range of ecological processes in floodplain ecosystems. The aim of the investigation was to reveal the influence of vegetation cover on the spatial variability of penetration resistance of floodplain soils. The study was carried out in the elm oak forest in the floodplain of the Dnipro River (Dniprovsko-Orilsky Nature Reserve, Ukraine). The study of the soil profile morphology was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the field description of soils FAO. The soil penetration resistance was measured in the field using the Eijkelkamp manual penetrometer to a depth of 100 cm at 5-cm intervals within the polygon consisted of 105 sampling points. Vegetation descriptions were made in a 3×3-meter surrounding from each sampling point. The soil penetration resistance was found to regularly increase with increasing depth. The changes in resistance values were insignificant until 25–30 cm depth. After that, there was a sharp increase in penetration resistance up to the depth of 70–75 cm, after which the indicators plateaued. In the three-dimensional aspect, the spatial variation of soil penetration resistance can be fractionated into broad-scale, medium-scale, and fine-scale components. Tree vegetation induces a broad-scale component of soil penetration resistance variations, which embraces the whole soil profile. The herbaceous vegetation induces a medium-scale component, which embraces the upper and middle parts of the soil profile. The fine-scale component is influenced by pedogenic factors.
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Santesmases-Masana, Rosalia, Luis González-de Paz, Elvira Hernández-Martínez-Esparza, Belchin Kostov, and Maria Dolors Navarro-Rubio. "Self-Care Practices of Primary Health Care Patients Diagnosed with Chronic Heart Failure: A Cross-Sectional Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (May 9, 2019): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091625.
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Chronic heart failure patients require self-care behaviors and active monitoring of signs and symptoms to prevent worsening. Most patients with this condition are attended in primary healthcare centers. This study aimed to evaluate the endorsement of and adherence to self-care behaviors in primary health care patients with chronic heart failure. We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study. We randomly included chronic heart failure patients from 10 primary healthcare centers in the Barcelona metropolitan area (Spain). Patients completed the European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale, a health literacy questionnaire. Differences between groups were studied using ANOVA tests. We included 318 patients with a mean age of 77.9 years, mild limitations in functional activity New York Heart Association scale (NYHA) II = 51.25%), and a low health literacy index of 79.6%. The endorsement of self-care behaviors was low in daily weighing (10.66%), contacting clinicians if the body weight increased (22.57%), and doing physical exercise regularly (35.58%). Patients with lower educational levels and a worse health literacy had a lower endorsement. The screening of individual self-care practices in heart failure patients might improve the clinician follow-up. We suggest that primary healthcare clinicians should routinely screen self-care behaviors to identify patients requiring a closer follow-up and to design and adapt rehabilitation programs to improve self-care.
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Heller, Daniel, Simon Roj, Julia Switulla, Ralf Kölling, and Daniel Einfalt. "Tackling Foam-Based Process Disruptions in Spirit Distillation by Thermal Energy Input Adaptations." Food and Bioprocess Technology 15, no. 4 (March 1, 2022): 821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-022-02785-5.
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AbstractProcess impairing foam formation occurs regularly in batch distillation devices of the spirit industry. It negatively influences process and product quality. Up to now, such foam-related problems have not been in the focus of scientific investigations. This study aimed at preventing impairing foam formations by adapting the thermal energy input in fruit and grain mash distillations in larger scale batch distillations. The results showed that a reduction of the thermal energy input to 43 ± 1 W·L−1 during the initial heating of the mash leads to less flooding of the distillation apparatus and to a higher concentration of lower boiling compounds like methanol, acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate as well as ethanol in the first fractions of the distillates. A standard process time and less energy consumption could be achieved by increasing the energy input again after prior reduction. However, this led to a reduction of the ethanol concentration in the distillate fractions of up to 4.3%vol, also most severe in the first fractions. A significant influence on analyzed volatile compounds in the distillate besides ethanol could not be detected. This is the first study that uses defined thermal energy input adaptations for foam management in larger scale distillation devices. The results lead the way to a more efficient distillation process with less foam formation.
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Yanko, N. V., L. F. Kaskova, O. S. Pavlenkova, Y. I. Soloshenko, and L. I. Amosova. "ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF ORAL HEALTH PARAMETERS ON ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN FUTURE DENTISTS." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.2.2020.07.
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WHO estimates health as complete physical, mental and social well-being. Clinical indicators of oral diseases are not entirely suitable to capture this concept of health. Standardized questionnaires have been developed to evaluate the physical, psychological, and social impact of oral conditions on an individual. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) identifies the impact of oral health on aspects of everyday life in terms of a person’s functional, social, and psychological well-being. The oral health impact profile (OHIP) is widely used to measure OHRQoL in adults, its short version includes 14 items (OHIP-14).
The aim was to investigate how self-reported and clinically-assessed parameters of oral health are related to OHRQoL measured by OHIP-14 in dental students of UMSA.
101 third- and fourth-year dental students aged 19–26 years attending UMSA in Poltava, Ukraine, took a questionnaire in Ukrainian. The first part of the questionnaire includes information on age, sex, self-assessed oral health, self-assessed dental aesthetic, satisfaction with mouth and teeth, and oral health behaviour. Questions on oral health behaviour included regularity of dental visits and frequency of tooth brushing. All these items were categorized into different groups. The question on dental aesthetic had the response option “difficult to answer”. When that response was chosen (n = 2 questionnaires), this data was considered missing and the students were excluded from the analysis.
The second part of the questionnaire included the OHIP-14 to measure OHRQoL. There were seven dimensions of negative impact on OHRQoL: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and handicap. There were two items for each dimension, which added up to a total of 14 items. Participants rated the frequency with which they experienced each of these items in the last 12 months using a 5-point Likert scale (“never” = 0, “hardly ever” = 1, “occasionally” = 2, “fairly often” = 3, and “very often” = 4). In addition, each item had the response option “I do not know”. When a student missed one answer or chose the option “I do not know” (for at least one item), the data was considered missing, and the student was excluded from the analysis (n=2).
A clinical dental examination was performed. All permanent teeth were taken into consideration to measure dental caries experience using the DMF index. The Green-Vermillion index was applied for oral hygiene estimation. To assess the extent of gingivitis, the PMA index was used. The chi-square test was applied to compare the percentage of students with low and high OHRQoL between categories of self-reported oral health characteristics, and oral health behaviour. When comparing data on clinically-assessed oral health (the DMF, Green-Vermillion, and PMA indices), the Mann–Whitney U test was used for the two independent groups (with low and high OHRQoL). p-values<0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
A total of 97 students were included in the statistical analysis, 43 of which were males and 54 were females. The highest mean scores in OHIP-14 were observed for the dimensions of physical pain (39,17%). Students with poor self-assessed oral health, poor self-assessed dental aesthetic, and who reported dissatisfaction with mouth and teeth more frequently fell into the group with low OHRQoL (p<0,05). The mean DMF was 5,41, Green-Vermillion hygienic index was 0,54, and РМА – 4,48%. However, a higher DMF index score, high Green-Vermillion index, and high PMA in students were not associated with low OHRQoL (р>0,5).
In this study, the self-reported assessment of oral health affects the dental students' quality of life, while the clinical characteristics do not. Physical pain was the most frequently reported OHIP-14 dimension with an impact on OHRQoL. Poor self-assessed dental aesthetic and dissatisfaction with mouth and teeth were the strongest factors associated with low OHRQoL.
The line of research pertaining to other parameters of oral health in youth that impact dental aesthetic and oral health, and thus oral health-related quality of life, is considered promising.
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White, Simon D. M. "Simulations of Disk Galaxy Formation in their Cosmological Context." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, S254 (June 2008): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308027336.
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AbstractTogether with the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the present Universe and measurements of large-scale structure at low redshift, observations of the cosmic microwave background have established a standard paradigm in which all cosmic structure grew from small fluctuations generated at very early times in a flat universe which today consists of 72% dark energy, 23.5% dark matter and 4.5% ordinary baryons. The CMB sky provides us with a direct image of this universe when it was 400,000 years old and very nearly uniform. The galaxy formation problem is then to understand how observed galaxies with all their regularity and diversity arose from these very simple initial conditions. Although gravity is the prime driver, many physical processes appear to play an important role in this transformation, and direct numerical simulation has become the principal tool for detailed investigation of the complex and strongly nonlinear interactions between them.The evolution of structure in the gravitationally dominant Cold Dark Matter distribution can now be simulated in great detail, provided the effects of the baryons are ignored, and there is general consensus for the results on scales relevant to the formation of galaxies like our own. The basic nonlinear units are so-called “dark matter halos”, slowly rotating, triaxial, quasi-equilibrium systems with a universal cusped density profile and substantial substructure in the form of a host of much less massive subhalos which are concentrated primarily in their outer regions.Attempts to include the baryons, and so to model the formation of the visible parts of galaxies, have given much more diverse results. It has been known for 30 years that substantial feedback, presumably from stellar winds and supernovae, is required to prevent overcooling of gas and excessive star formation in the early stages of galaxy assembly. When realistic galaxy formation simulations first became possible in the early 1990's, this problem was immediately confirmed. Without effective feedback, typical halos produced galaxies which were too massive, too concentrated and had too little disk to be consistent with observation.Simple models for disk formation from the mid 1990's show that the angular momentum predicted for collapsing dark halos is sufficient for them to build a disk population similar to that observed. Direct simulations have repeatedly failed to confirm this picture, however, because nonlinear effects lead to substantial transfer of angular momentum between the various components. In most cases the condensing baryonic material loses angular momentum to the dark matter, and the final galaxy ends up with a disk that is too compact or contains too small a fraction of the stars.These problems have been reduced as successive generations of simulations have dramatically improved the numerical resolution and have introduced “better” implementations of feedback (i.e. more successful at building disks). Despite this, no high-resolution simulation has so far been able to produce a present-day disk galaxy with a bulge-to-disk mass ratio much less than one in a proper ΛCDM context. Such galaxies are common in the real Universe; our own Milky Way is a good example. The variety of results obtained by different groups show that this issue is very sensitive to how star formation and feedback are treated, and all implementations of these processes to date have been much too schematic to be confident of their predictions.The major outstanding issues I see related to disk galaxies and their formation are the following: Do real disk galaxies have the NFW halos predicted by the ΛCDM cosmology? If not, could the deviations have been produced by the formation of the observed baryonic components, or must the basic structure formation picture be changed? How are Sc and later type galaxies made? Why don't our simulations produce them? What determines which galaxies become barred and which not? Can we demonstrate that secular evolution produces the observed population of (pseudo)bulges from pre-existing disks? How does the observed population of thin disks survive bombardment by substructure and the other transient potential fluctuations expected in ΛCDM halos? Is a better treatment of feedback really the answer? If so, can we demonstrate it using chemical abundances as fossil tracers? And how can we best use observations at high redshift to clarify these formation issues?
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Gao, Lianli, Daiyuan Chen, Jingkuan Song, Xing Xu, Dongxiang Zhang, and Heng Tao Shen. "Perceptual Pyramid Adversarial Networks for Text-to-Image Synthesis." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 8312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33018312.
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Generating photo-realistic images conditioned on semantic text descriptions is a challenging task in computer vision field. Due to the nature of hierarchical representations learned in CNN, it is intuitive to utilize richer convolutional features to improve text-to-image synthesis. In this paper, we propose Perceptual Pyramid Adversarial Network (PPAN) to directly synthesize multi-scale images conditioned on texts in an adversarial way. Specifically, we design one pyramid generator and three independent discriminators to synthesize and regularize multi-scale photo-realistic images in one feed-forward process. At each pyramid level, our method takes coarse-resolution features as input, synthesizes highresolution images, and uses convolutions for up-sampling to finer level. Furthermore, the generator adopts the perceptual loss to enforce semantic similarity between the synthesized image and the ground truth, while a multi-purpose discriminator encourages semantic consistency, image fidelity and class invariance. Experimental results show that our PPAN sets new records for text-to-image synthesis on two benchmark datasets: CUB (i.e., 4.38 Inception Score and .290 Visual-semantic Similarity) and Oxford-102 (i.e., 3.52 Inception Score and .297 Visual-semantic Similarity).
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Rossi, Emanuele, Andrea Colagrossi, Benjamin Bouscasse, and Giorgio Graziani. "The Diffused Vortex Hydrodynamics Method." Communications in Computational Physics 18, no. 2 (July 30, 2015): 351–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.271014.200415a.
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AbstractA new Particle Vortex Method, called Diffused Vortex Hydrodynamics (DVH), is presented in this paper. The DVH is a meshless method characterized by the use of a regular distribution of points close to a solid surface to perform the vorticity diffusion process in the boundary layer regions. This redistribution avoids excessive clustering or rarefaction of the vortex particles providing robustness and high accuracy to the method. The generation of the regular distribution of points is performed through a packing algorithm which is embedded in the solver. The packing algorithm collocates points regularly around body of arbitrary shape allowing an exact enforcement on the solid surfaces of the no-slip boundary condition. The present method is tested and validated on different problems of increasing complexities up to flows with Reynolds number equal to 100,000 (without using any subgrid-scale turbulence model).