Books: 'Scale-free'

1

Guadamuz, Andrés. Networks, complexity and internet regulation: Scale-free law. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2011.

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2

Guadamuz, Andrés. Networks, complexity and internet regulation: Scale-free law. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2011.

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3

Koonin, Eugene V., Yuri I. Wolf, and Georgy P. Karev. Power Laws, Scale-Free Networks and Genome Biology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-33916-7.

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4

Canada, Economic Council of. U. S.-Canada productivity gap, scale economies, and the gains from freer trade. Ottawa: Economic Council of Canada, 1988.

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5

Rao, P. Someshwar. U.S.-Canada productivity gap, scale economies, and the gains from freer trade. Ottawa: Economic Council of Canada, 1988.

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6

Hoad, Danny R. Helicopter blade-vortex interaction locations - scale-model acoustics and free-wake analysis results. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1987.

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7

Foster, J. A. The use of foam against large-scale petroleum fires involving lead-free petrol. London: Home Office, Fire Research and Development Group, 1992.

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8

Ch'oe, Nak-kyun. Kukche muyŏk ŭi pigyo uwi p'aet'ŏn punsŏk kwa chŏngch'aek sisachŏm. Sŏul T'ŭkpyŏlsi: Taeoe Kyŏngje Chŏngch'aek Yŏn'guwŏn, 2010.

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9

P, Yip Long. Wind-tunnel free-flight investigation of a 0.15-scale model of the F-106B airplane with vortex flaps. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1987.

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10

Kamada, Ray. Amending the w* velocity scale for surface layer, entrainment zone, and baroclinic shear in mixed forced/free turbulent convection. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.

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11

Rockwell, Donald. Free vorticity field-boundary layer conversions: Effect of boundary configuration and scale : progress report for NASA Langley Research Center. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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12

Barria, Susana. Economic liberalisation and gender dynamics in traditional small-scale fisheries: Reflections on the proposed EU-India free trade agreement : a report for Focus on the Global South. New Delhi: Focus on the Global South, 2010.

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13

1964-, Gu Wulong, and Statistics Canada, eds. The impact of trade on plant scale, production-run length and diversification. [Ottawa]: Statistics Canada, 2006.

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14

Council, Canada Economic. U.S.-Canada productivity gap, scale economies, and the gains from freer trade. Ottawa: Economic Council of Canada, 1988.

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15

The impacts of AFTA on the Philippines economy and small scale producers. Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia: Southeast Asian Council for Food Security and Fair Trade, 2006.

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16

Team, AFTA Research, and Southeast Asian Council for Food Security and Fair Trade., eds. Regional report on the impact of trade liberalization on small scale producers in South East Asia: A cause for concern. Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia: Southeast Asian Council for Food Security and Fair Trade, 2005.

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17

Munthali, Alister C. Enhanced accessibility for people with disabilities living in urban areas: A small-scale demonstration project in Blantyre, Malawi : a report. Blantyre]: University of Malawi, Centre for Social Research, 2003.

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18

(Editor), Eric Coates, and Vic Smeed (Editor), eds. Scale Aircraft for Free Flight. Nexus Special Interests, 1998.

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19

Caldarelli, Guido. Scale-Free Networks: Complex Webs in Nature and Technology. Oxford University Press, 2013.

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20

Grossman, Michael. Bigeometric Calculus: A System with a Scale-Free Derivative. BookSurge Publishing, 2006.

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21

He, Biyu J., Andreas Daffertshofer, and Tjeerd W. Boonstra, eds. Scale-free Dynamics and Critical Phenomena in Cortical Activity. Frontiers Media SA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-129-1.

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22

Scale-Free Networks: Complex Webs in Nature and Technology (Oxford Finance). Oxford University Press, USA, 2007.

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23

Small-Scale Poultry-Keeping: A Guide To Free-Range Poultry Production. Faber & Faber, 1992.

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24

(Editor), Eugene V. Koonin, Yuri I. Wolf (Editor), and Georgy P. Karev (Editor), eds. Power Laws, Scale-Free Networks and Genome Biology (Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit). Springer, 2006.

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25

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch., ed. Helicopter blade-vortex interaction locations: Scale-model acoustics and free-wake analysis results. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1987.

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26

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch., ed. Helicopter blade-vortex interaction locations: Scale-model acoustics and free-wake analysis results. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1987.

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27

Scale up of distance free electrode diaphragm units for advanced alkaline electrolysis and fuel cell technology. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1986.

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28

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Office., ed. Wind-tunnel free-flight investigation of a 0.15-scale model of the F-106B airplane with vortex flaps. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Office, 1987.

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29

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Office., ed. Wind-tunnel free-flight investigation of a 0.15-scale model of the F-106B airplane with vortex flaps. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Office, 1987.

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30

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Office., ed. Wind-tunnel free-flight investigation of a 0.15-scale model of the F-106B airplane with vortex flaps. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Office, 1987.

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31

D, Sohn, Gursul I, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Free vorticity field-boundary layer conversions: Effect of boundary configuration and scale : progress report for NASA Langley Research Center. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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32

Vernizzi, Graziano, and Henri Orland. Complex networks. Edited by Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik, and Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.43.

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This article deals with complex networks, and in particular small world and scale free networks. Various networks exhibit the small world phenomenon, including social networks and gene expression networks. The local ordering property of small world networks is typically associated with regular networks such as a 2D square lattice. The small world phenomenon can be observed in most scale free networks, but few small world networks are scale free. The article first provides a brief background on small world networks and two models of scale free graphs before describing the replica method and how it can be applied to calculate the spectral densities of the adjacency matrix and Laplacian matrix of a scale free network. It then shows how the effective medium approximation can be used to treat networks with finite mean degree and concludes with a discussion of the local properties of random matrices associated with complex networks.

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33

Mu-tʻŭraensŭ yuji chejo rŭl wihan kisul chiwŏn yŏnʼgu: Yŏnʼgu kyŏlgwa pogosŏ = A researching study on the technical development for the production of trans-free fat in plant scale. [Seoul]: Sikpʻum Ŭiyakpʻum Anjŏnchʻŏng, 2007.

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34

Trade liberalisation, market power and scale efficiency in Indian industry. Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala: Centre for Development Studies, 2002.

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35

Kachelriess, Michael. Hadrons, partons and QCD. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802877.003.0018.

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This chapter first discusses the breaking of scale invariance of QCD with massless quarks by quantum corrections and explains that this effect is responsible for the bulk of hadron masses. Then the parton picture is introduced, where one replaces a hadron which is probed in a hard process by free quarks and gluons. Perturbative QCD describes via the DGLAP equations the evolution of parton distribution functions f(x,Q2) as functions of Q2, requires however as as input f(x,Q20) from measurements at a fixed scale Q0 »QCD. The total annihilation cross section e+e →hadrons is calculated and it is shown that infrared singularities due to massless gluons and quarks cancel.

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36

Newman, Mark. The structure of real-world networks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805090.003.0010.

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This chapter brings together the ideas and techniques developed in previous chapters, applying them to a range of real-world networks to describe and understand the structure of those networks. Topics discussed include the observed component structure of networks, average path lengths between nodes and the small-world effect, degree distributions including power-law distributions and scale-free networks, clustering and transitivity, and assortative mixing.

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37

Basu, Sanjay. Modeling in R. Edited by Sanjay Basu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667924.003.0007.

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Spreadsheet are straightforward to work with and do not require extensive knowledge of programming; they are easy to communicate with among people with varying levels of expertise; are convenient for optimization problems, given the availability of prepackaged Solver algorithms; and are commonly used for modeling in business management, nonprofit organization budgeting, consulting, and academia. But spreadsheets have their limitations, particularly when modeling large populations, long time periods, or complex situations with many states or conditions and equations. For larger scale models that need more flexibility than can be offered by a spreadsheet, the free statistical program R provides a straightforward approach to modeling and has the advantages of being free, fast, available on any operating system, commonly used, and widely supported by an online community. This chapter provides a detailed introduction to R that will be useful for the more advanced modeling methods introduced in Chapters 8 through 11.

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38

Bianconi, Ginestra. The Dynamics on Single Networks. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753919.003.0003.

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This chapter provides the relevant background on the network dynamics of complex networks formed by just one layer (single networks). Emergent properties of network dynamics are characterized using the framework of phase transitions. The major results on robustness of complex networks, percolation theory and epidemic spreading are presented, revealing the rich interplay between network structure and function. In this context particular emphasis is given to the implications of the scale-free network topology on these dynamical processes. Diffusion processes and synchronization and controllability are characterized on networks, revealing the relevance of spectral properties and peripheral nodes for determining their dynamical behaviour.

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39

Dasch, E. Julius. A Dictionary of Space Exploration. Edited by Stephen James O’Meara. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780191842764.001.0001.

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Over 2,300 entriesThis fascinating and expansive dictionary covers all aspects of space exploration, from A-Train to Zvezda. This jargon-free new edition has been fully revised and updated to take into account the new developments in space exploration on an international scale over the last 13 years, with new entries such as Hitomi, Space X Dragon, and Ariane 5 Rocket.All entries are fully cross-referenced for ease of use. In addition, the dictionary also contains links to over 250 space-related websites, and a comprehensive chronology of space exploration. The entries are supported by over 75 photographs, illustrations, and diagrams.

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40

Liang, Percy, Michael Jordan, and Dan Klein. Probabilistic grammars and hierarchical Dirichlet processes. Edited by Anthony O'Hagan and Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.27.

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This article focuses on the use of probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) in natural language processing involving a large-scale natural language parsing task. It describes detailed, highly-structured Bayesian modelling in which model dimension and complexity responds naturally to observed data. The framework, termed hierarchical Dirichlet process probabilistic context-free grammar (HDP-PCFG), involves structured hierarchical Dirichlet process modelling and customized model fitting via variational methods to address the problem of syntactic parsing and the underlying problems of grammar induction and grammar refinement. The central object of study is the parse tree, which can be used to describe a substantial amount of the syntactic structure and relational semantics of natural language sentences. The article first provides an overview of the formal probabilistic specification of the HDP-PCFG, algorithms for posterior inference under the HDP-PCFG, and experiments on grammar learning run on the Wall Street Journal portion of the Penn Treebank.

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41

Ruttum, Joanne C. Development of in vitro lily scale budlets as related to virus elimination. 1991.

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42

Streiner, David L., Geoffrey R. Norman, and John Cairney. Introduction to health measurement scales. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199685219.003.0001.

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This chapter provides a brief overview of the need for measurement in the health sciences. As interventions are increasingly aimed at improving subjective states, such as quality of life or pain, it becomes ever more important to be able to measure these accurately. This means that the items must be clear, unambiguous, and as free from biases as possible. Test constructors must also be aware of the different options for responding to the items. Finally, issues of reliability and validity need to be addressed. The chapter also has a ‘road map’ and flow chart, outlining the steps in scale construction, and indicating the chapters addressing the relevant topics.

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43

Succi, Sauro. Transport Phenomena. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199592357.003.0004.

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The previous Chapter presented a discussion of the notion of local and global equilibria and shown that these equilibria represent the special forms taken by the distribution function once direct and inverse collisions come into balance. This Chapter provides an elementary introduction to transport phenomena and discusses their intimate relation to non-equilibrium processes at the microscopic scale. In particular it shall deal with the connection between the transport coefficients, such as mass, momentum and energy diffusivity with the molecular mean free path, namely the distance traveled by a representative molecules between two subsequent collisions. The discussion also highlights the fundamental role of inhomogeneity in fueling non-equilibrium processes.

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44

Allaby, Michael. A Dictionary of Geology and Earth Sciences. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780198839033.001.0001.

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‘can really claim to offer comprehensive coverage of the earth sciences’ TES Over 10,000 entries This leading dictionary covers all areas of geoscience, including planetary science, oceanography, palaeontology, mineralogy, and volcanology. In this edition, 675 new entries have been added and include expanded coverage of planetary geology and Earth-observing satellites. The entries are complemented by more than 130 diagrams and numerous web links, while appendices supplement the A–Z and have been extended to include three new tables on the Torino Impact Hazard Scale, Avalanche Classes, and the Volcanic Explosivity Index. It is an essential, authoritative, and jargon-free resource for students of geology, geography, geosciences, physical science, and related disciplines.

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45

Bianconi, Ginestra. Multilayer Network Models. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753919.003.0010.

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This chapter presents the existing modelling frameworks for multiplex and multilayer networks. Multiplex network models are divided into growing multiplex network models and null models of multiplex networks. Growing multiplex networks are here shown to explain the main dynamical rules responsible to the emergent properties of multiplex networks, including the scale-free degree distribution, interlayer degree correlations and multilayer communities. Null models of multiplex networks are described in the context of maximum-entropy multiplex network ensembles. Randomization algorithms to test the relevant of network properties against null models are here described. Moreover, Multi-slice temporal networks Models capturing main properties of real temporal network data are presented. Finally, null models of general multilayer networks and networks of networks are characterized.

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46

Wolf, E. L. Sustainable Energy Beyond Carbon. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198769804.003.0002.

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Energy from the Sun leads to direct heating of the Earth, and also to secondary forms of energy in winds, waves and hydroelectricity. Long-term energy resources in the Earth and its motions include tides, geothermal energy, fission fuels, and in deuterium that may potentially be used to power nuclear fusion reactors. We are interested in energy sources that will last on a time scale of thousands of years, and further, that will not interfere with other important aspects of life on Earth, such as clean air and water in abundant supply. Plants grew by photosynthesis starting in the carboniferous era, about 300 million years ago, and the decay of some of these, instead of oxidizing back into the atmosphere, occurred underground in oxygen-free zones.

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47

1944-, Rivera Juan M., Whiteford Scott 1942-, and Chavez Manuel 1953-, eds. NAFTA and the campesinos: The impact of NAFTA on small-scale agricultural producers in Mexico and the prospects for change. Scranton [Pa.]: University of Scranton Press, 2008.

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48

Menzies, Peter. The Consequence Argument Disarmed. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746911.003.0016.

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This chapter scrutinizes the Consequence Argument for the incompatibility of free will and determinism within an interventionist causal-modelling framework. Traditional discussions of the argument presuppose that causal reasoning concerns the temporal evolution of total states of the universe. By contrast, interventionism focuses on how local, small-scale systems evolve according to causal generalizations that fall short of being laws. It also assigns an important role to interventions: external influences on a system that disrupt the causal generalizations which apply to it. When the Consequence Argument is recast in interventionist terms, the argument can be seen to rely on a false premise. In particular, interventionism supports at most a qualified variant of determinism, which is insufficient for the Consequence Argument to go through. Finally, the chapter compares the present response to the argument with David Lewis’s local miracle compatibilism.

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49

Haspelmath, Martin. Formal and Functional Types of Indefinite Pronoun. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198235606.003.0003.

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This chapter examines formal and functional types of indefinite pronoun. It first presents some examples of different indefinite pronoun series in a variety of languages, focusing on a formal element shared by all members of an indefinite pronoun series, such as some and any in English. This element is called indefiniteness marker, an affix or a particle which stands next to the pronoun stem. The chapter proceeds by discussing two main types of derivational bases from which indefinite pronouns are derived in the world's languages: interrogative pronouns and generic ontological category nouns like person, thing or place. It also looks at the main functional types of indefinite pronoun, namely: negative indefinite pronouns and negative polarity (or scale reversal). Finally, it analyses some alternatives to indefinite pronouns, including generic nouns, existential sentences, non-specific free relative clauses, and universal quantifiers.

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50

Jentz, John B., and Richard Schneirov. Chicago’s Immigrant Working Class and the Rise of Urban Populism, 1867–73. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036835.003.0004.

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This chapter examines Chicago's immigrant working class and the rise of urban populism. In January 1872—three months after the Great Fire—Anton Hesing, Chicago's German political boss, organized a protest against the city government's effort to ban new wooden housing in the city as a fire control measure. For Hesing, the fight against the “fire limits” was a battle against the proletarianization of Chicago's workers, whose distinctive independent status was based on the ownership of real property and a house. He fought to preserve a particular kind of working class independent of large-scale capital, and free of alien radicalism, particularly socialism. In leading the movement against the fire limits, Hesing then became the chief architect of urban populism in the city. With labor reform marginalized, urban populism helped politicize the city's immigrant skilled workers and lower middle class.

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Books on the topic 'Scale-free'

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