Academic literature on the topic 'Scalar Linear Codes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Scalar Linear Codes"
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Connelly, Joseph, and Kenneth Zeger. "Linear Network Coding Over Rings – Part I: Scalar Codes and Commutative Alphabets." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 64, no. 1 (January 2018): 274–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2017.2697421.
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Etzion, Tuvi, and Antonia Wachter-Zeh. "Vector Network Coding Based on Subspace Codes Outperforms Scalar Linear Network Coding." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 64, no. 4 (April 2018): 2460–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2018.2797183.
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Ross, Molly, and Hitesh Bindra. "Statistical Mechanics-Based Surrogates for Scalar Transport in Channel Flow." Fluids 6, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6020079.
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Thermal hydraulics, in certain components of nuclear reactor systems, involve complex flow scenarios, such as flows assisted by free jets and stratified flows leading to turbulent mixing and thermal fluctuations. These complex flow patterns and thermal fluctuations can be extremely critical from a reactor safety standpoint. The component-level lumped approximations (0D) or one-dimensional approximations (1D) models for such components and subsystems in safety analysis codes cannot capture the physics accurately, and may introduce a large degree of modeling uncertainty. On the other hand, high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics codes, which provide numerical solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations, are accurate but computationally intensive, and thus cannot be used for system-wide analysis. An alternate way to improve reactor safety analysis is by building reduced-order emulators from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes to improve system scale models. One of the key challenges in developing a reduced-order emulator is to preserve turbulent mixing and thermal fluctuations across different-length scales or time-scales. This paper presents the development of a reduced-order, non-linear, “Markovian” statistical surrogate for turbulent mixing and scalar transport. The method and its implementation are demonstrated on a canonical problem of differentially heated channel flow, and high-resolution direct numerical simulations (DNS) data are used for emulator or surrogate development. This statistical surrogate model relies on Kramers–Moyal expansion and emulates the turbulent velocity signal with a high degree of accuracy.
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Thomas, Anoop, and Balaji Sundar Rajan. "Generalized Index Coding Problem and Discrete Polymatroids." Entropy 22, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22060646.
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The connections between index coding and matroid theory have been well studied in the recent past. Index coding solutions were first connected to multi linear representation of matroids. For vector linear index codes, discrete polymatroids, which can be viewed as a generalization of the matroids, were used. The index coding problem has been generalized recently to accommodate receivers that demand functions of messages and possess functions of messages. In this work we explore the connections between generalized index coding and discrete polymatroids. The conditions that need to be satisfied by a representable discrete polymatroid for a generalized index coding problem to have a vector linear solution is established. From a discrete polymatroid, an index coding problem with coded side information is constructed and it is shown that if the index coding problem has a certain optimal length solution then the discrete polymatroid is representable. If the generalized index coding problem is constructed from a matroid, it is shown that the index coding problem has a binary scalar linear solution of optimal length if and only if the matroid is binary representable.
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Nesseris, Savvas. "The Effective Fluid Approach for Modified Gravity and Its Applications." Universe 9, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9010013.
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In this review, we briefly summarize the so-called effective fluid approach, which is a compact framework that can be used to describe a plethora of different modified gravity models as general relativity (GR) and a dark energy (DE) fluid. This approach, which is complementary to the cosmological effective field theory, has several benefits, as it allows for the easier inclusion of most modified gravity models into the state-of-the-art Boltzmann codes that are typically hard-coded for GR and DE. Furthermore, it can also provide theoretical insights into their behavior since in linear perturbation theory it is easy to derive physically motivated quantities such as the DE anisotropic stress or the DE sound speed. We also present some explicit applications of the effective fluid approach with f(R), Horndeski and scalar–vector–tensor models, namely, how this approach can be used to easily solve the perturbation equations and incorporate the aforementioned modified gravity models into Boltzmann codes so as to obtain cosmological constraints using Monte Carlo analyses.
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Kim, Dohyun, Jong-Hoon Ahn, Jongshill Lee, Hoon Ki Park, and In Young Kim. "A Linear Transformation Approach for Estimating Pulse Arrival Time." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/643653.
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We propose a new mathematical framework for estimating pulse arrival time (PAT). Existing methods of estimating PAT rely on local characteristic points or global parametric models: local characteristic point methods detect points such as foot points, max points, or max slope points, while global parametric methods fit a parametric form to the anacrotic phase of pulse signals. Each approach has its strengths and weaknesses; we take advantage of the favorable properties of both approaches in our method. To be more precise, we transform continuous pulse signals into scalar timing codes through three consecutive transformations, the last of which is a linear transformation. By training the linear transformation method on a subset of data, the proposed method yields results that are robust to noise. We apply this method to real photoplethysmography (PPG) signals and analyze the agreement between our results and those obtained using a conventional approach.
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Hou, Junsheng, Robert K. Mallan, and Carlos Torres-Verdín. "Finite-difference simulation of borehole EM measurements in 3D anisotropic media using coupled scalar-vector potentials." GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 5 (September 2006): G225—G233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2245467.
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This paper describes the implementation and successful validation of a new staggered-grid, finite-difference algorithm for the numerical simulation of frequency-domain electromagnetic borehole measurements. The algorithm is based on a coupled scalar-vector potential formulation for arbitrary 3D inhomogeneous electrically anisotropic media. We approximate the second-order partial differential equations for the coupled scalar-vector potentials with central finite differences on both Yee’s staggered and standard grids. The discretization of the partial differential equations and the enforcement of the appropriate boundary conditions yields a complex linear system of equations that we solve iteratively using the biconjugate gradient method with preconditioning. The accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm is assessed with examples of multicomponent-borehole electromagnetic-induction measurements acquired in homogeneous, 1D anisotropic, 2D isotropic, and 3D anisotropic rock formations. The simulation examples consider vertical and deviated wells with and without borehole and mud-filtrate invasion regions. Simulation results obtained with the scalar-vector coupled potential formulation favorably compare in accuracy with results obtained with 1D, 2D, and 3D benchmarking codes in the dc to megahertz frequency range for large contrasts of electrical conductivity. Our numerical exercises indicate that the coupled scalar-vector potential equations provide a general and consistent algorithmic formulation to simulate borehole electromagnetic measurements from dc to megahertz in the presence of large conductivity contrasts, dipping wells, electrically anisotropic media, and geometrically complex models of electrical conductivity.
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Bavier, Eric, Mark Hoemmen, Sivasankaran Rajamanickam, and Heidi Thornquist. "Amesos2 and Belos: Direct and Iterative Solvers for Large Sparse Linear Systems." Scientific Programming 20, no. 3 (2012): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/243875.
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Solvers for large sparse linear systems come in two categories: direct and iterative. Amesos2, a package in the Trilinos software project, provides direct methods, and Belos, another Trilinos package, provides iterative methods. Amesos2 offers a common interface to many different sparse matrix factorization codes, and can handle any implementation of sparse matrices and vectors, via an easy-to-extend C++ traits interface. It can also factor matrices whose entries have arbitrary “Scalar” type, enabling extended-precision and mixed-precision algorithms. Belos includes many different iterative methods for solving large sparse linear systems and least-squares problems. Unlike competing iterative solver libraries, Belos completely decouples the algorithms from the implementations of the underlying linear algebra objects. This lets Belos exploit the latest hardware without changes to the code. Belos favors algorithms that solve higher-level problems, such as multiple simultaneous linear systems and sequences of related linear systems, faster than standard algorithms. The package also supports extended-precision and mixed-precision algorithms. Together, Amesos2 and Belos form a complete suite of sparse linear solvers.
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Fowler, Paul J., Xiang Du, and Robin P. Fletcher. "Coupled equations for reverse time migration in transversely isotropic media." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 1 (January 2010): S11—S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3294572.
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Reverse time migration (RTM) images reflectors by using time-extrapolation modeling codes to synthesize source and receiver wavefields in the subsurface. Asymptotic analysis of wave propagation in transversely isotropic (TI) media yields a dispersion relation describing coupled P- and SV-wave modes. This dispersion relation can be converted into a fourth-order scalar partial differential equation (PDE). Increased computational efficiency can be achieved using equivalent coupled second-order PDEs. Analysis of the corresponding dispersion relations as matrix eigenvalue systems allows one to characterize all possible coupled linear second-order systems equivalent to a given linear fourth-order PDE and to determine which ones yield optimally efficient finite-difference implementations. Setting the shear velocity along the axis of symmetry to zero yields a simpler approximate TI wave equation that is more efficient to implement. This simpler approximation, however, can become unstable for some plausible combinations of anisotropic parameters. The same eigensystem analysis can be applied using finite vertical shear velocity to obtain solutions that avoid these instability problems.
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Caravano, Angelo, Eiichiro Komatsu, Kaloian D. Lozanov, and Jochen Weller. "Lattice simulations of inflation." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2021, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2021/12/010.
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Abstract The scalar field theory of cosmological inflation constitutes nowadays one of the preferred scenarios for the physics of the early universe. In this paper we aim at studying the inflationary universe making use of a numerical lattice simulation. Various lattice codes have been written in the last decades and have been extensively used for understating the reheating phase of the universe, but they have never been used to study the inflationary phase itself far from the end of inflation (i.e. about 50 e-folds before the end of inflation). In this paper we use a lattice simulation to reproduce the well-known results of some simple models of single-field inflation, particularly for the scalar field perturbation. The main model that we consider is the standard slow-roll inflation with an harmonic potential for the inflaton field. We explore the technical aspects that need to be accounted for in order to reproduce with precision the nearly scale invariant power spectrum of inflaton perturbations. We also consider the case of a step potential, and show that the simulation is able to correctly reproduce the oscillatory features in the power spectrum of this model. Even if a lattice simulation is not needed in these cases, that are well within the regime of validity of linear perturbation theory, this sets the basis to future work on using lattice simulations to study more complicated models of inflation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Scalar Linear Codes"
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Ambadi, Niranjana. "Insights into Network Coding Using Tools From Linear Algebra and Matroid Theory." Thesis, 2019. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4513.
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Traditionally, the transmission of information through a network was carried out using store-and-forward techniques. This entails managing information bits in a network analogous to commodity flow, without mixing or combining them. Network Coding is the paradigm of information flow where coding at the intermediate nodes could achieve a network capacity that surpassed what could be achieved by routing. Index Coding can be perceived as a degenerate case of network coding where the network has a single link of finite capacity and all other infinite capacity links. The thesis addresses these topics under different sub-heads as follows:
• Binary multicast networks and their solvability over higher finite fields
• Minrank of unicast-uniprior index coding problems
• Scalar Linear Codes for neighboring interference problem
• Optimized Instantly Decodable Network Codes
• The number of optimal index codes
Books on the topic "Scalar Linear Codes"
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Good trellises for IC implementation of Viterbi decoders for linear block codes. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.
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Sciuto, Jenna Grace. Policing Intimacy. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496833440.001.0001.
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Policing Intimacy analyzes literary depictions of sexual policing of the color line across multiple spaces with diverse colonial histories: Mississippi through William Faulkner’s work, Louisiana through Ernest Gaines’s novels, Haiti through the work of Marie Chauvet and Edwidge Danticat, and the Dominican Republic through writing by Julia Alvarez, Junot Díaz, and Nelly Rosario. This literature exposes the continuing coloniality that links depictions of U.S. democracy with Caribbean dictatorships in the twentieth century, revealing a set of interrelated features characterizing the transformation of colonial forms of racial and sexual control into neocolonial reconfigurations. Patterns are discernable, as a result of systemic inequality and large-scale historical events, revealing the ways in which private relations can reflect national occurrences and the intimate can be brought under public scrutiny. Acknowledging the widespread effects of racial and sexual policing that persist in current legal, economic, and political infrastructures across the circum-Caribbean can in turn bring to light permutations of resistance to the violent discriminations of the status quo. By drawing on colonial documents, such as early law systems like the 1685 French Code Noir instated in Haiti, the 1724 Code Noir in Louisiana, and the 1865 Black Code in Mississippi, in tandem with examples drawn from twentieth-century literature, Policing Intimacy humanizes the effects of legal histories and leaves space for local particularities. A focus on literary texts and the affordances enabled by the variances in form and aesthetics demonstrates the necessity of incorporating multiple stories, histories, and traumas into our accounts of the past.
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Kim, Dorothy, and Adeline Koh, eds. Alternative Historiographies of the Digital Humanities. punctum books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0274.1.00.
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In Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History, Michel-Rolph Trouillot writes that by examining the process of history we can “discover the differential exercise of power that makes some narratives possible and silences others.” Alternative Historiographies of the Digital Humanities examines the process of history in the narrative of the digital humanities and deconstructs its history as a straight line from the beginnings of humanities computing. By discussing alternatives histories of the digital humanities that address queer gaming, feminist game studies praxis, Cold War military-industrial complex computation, the creation of the environmental humanities, monolingual discontent in DH, the hidden history of DH in English studies, radical media praxis, cultural studies and DH, indigenous futurities, Pacific Rim postcolonial DH, the issue of scale and DH, the radical, indigenous, feminist histories of the digital database, and the possibilities for an antifascist DH, this collection hopes to re-set discussions of the straight, white origin myths of DH. Thus, this collection hopes to reexamine the silences in such a straight and white masculinist history and delineates how power comes into play to shape this straight, white DH narrative. A number of the pieces in this volume go back to the origin myth of the digital humanities to reassess the hagiography of Father Busa by reconsidering and recontextualizing his legacy and his work in relation to media archaeology, politics, Cold War maneuvers, mechanized genocide, the Third Reich, and the military-industrial complex as it has organized various fields, including Asian Studies. This reassessment of comparative genealogies — vis-à-vis Foucault — undergirds an alternative history of the Jesuit hagiography we have so far been unwilling to reexamine for its narrative use in embellishing an origin hagiography/historiography for digital humanities. Other pieces intertwine the digital humanities with other fields — area studies, Asian American Studies, cultural studies, literary studies, and environmental studies — in order to reexamine how the intersections and juxtapositions reveal silences in these histories. And finally, a number of pieces considers alternative praxes in rethinking these histories, whether it is an essay that is a game or a reevaluation of feminist media praxis.
Book chapters on the topic "Scalar Linear Codes"
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Zhang, Xueyan, Yixuan Zhang, Ye Yang, Chengcheng Deng, and Jun Yang. "Uncertainty Analysis and Sensitivity Evaluation of a Main Steam Line Break Accident on an Advanced PWR." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 327–41. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_30.
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AbstractA RELAP5 input model was established for a scaled-up facility simulating China's Advanced Passive Water Reactor with passive safety features. The simulation was performed to reproduce a Main Steam Line Break (MSLB) scenario at steam line connected to one Steam Generator. The figure of merit selected in this accident scenario includes the maximum containment pressure, mass and energy release to containment. Driving factors of this response function include Passive Residue Heat Removal material thermal conductivity, Pressurizer temperature, and broken steam line temperature.To achieve an adequately justified safety margin using a Best Estimate Plus Uncertainty analysis, dominant phenomena were selected from a reference Phenomenon Identification and Ranking Table. The calculation results were compared with the available reference data of similar Generation III Passive Water Reactor to assess the code's capability to predict the MSLB phenomena. The DAKOTA toolkit is used to drive both parameter sensitivity analysis and uncertainty propagation. The 95/95 uncertainty bands of key output parameters were obtained using the Wilks’ statistical methods.Compared with the reference data, the simulation results partially confirmed the stability and repeatability of the code model for initial and boundary condition perturbations. The uncertainty bands of important output parameters were demonstrated. The results indicated that the maximum containment pressure value was below the safety limit, and the passive safety system can mitigate the consequence of the MSLB. The mass and energy released into the containment were assessed according to the containment design.The parameter sensitivity analysis was performed with 34 input parameters, and the results were evaluated by Spearman's Simple Rank Correlation Coefficients.
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Zhang, Hanliang, Cristina David, Yijun Yu, and Meng Wang. "Ownership Guided C to Rust Translation." In Computer Aided Verification, 459–82. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37709-9_22.
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AbstractDubbed a safer C, Rust is a modern programming language that combines memory safety and low-level control. This interesting combination has made Rust very popular among developers and there is a growing trend of migrating legacy codebases (very often in C) to Rust. In this paper, we present a C to Rust translation approach centred around static ownership analysis. We design a suite of analyses that infer ownership models of C pointers and automatically translate the pointers into safe Rust equivalents. The resulting tool, Crown, scales to real-world codebases (half a million lines of code in less than 10 s) and achieves a high conversion rate.
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Michaelson, Dawn, Dominik Schreiber, Marijn J. H. Heule, Benjamin Kiesl-Reiter, and Michael W. Whalen. "Unsatisfiability Proofs for Distributed Clause-Sharing SAT Solvers." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 348–66. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30823-9_18.
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AbstractDistributed clause-sharing SAT solvers can solve problems up to one hundred times faster than sequential SAT solvers by sharing derived information among multiple sequential solvers working on the same problem. Unlike sequential solvers, however, distributed solvers have not been able to produce proofs of unsatisfiability in a scalable manner, which has limited their use in critical applications. In this paper, we present a method to produce unsatisfiability proofs for distributed SAT solvers by combining the partial proofs produced by each sequential solver into a single, linear proof. Our approach is more scalable and general than previous explorations for parallel clause-sharing solvers, allowing use on distributed solvers without shared memory. We propose a simple sequential algorithm as well as a fully distributed algorithm for proof composition. Our empirical evaluation shows that for large-scale distributed solvers (100 nodes of 16 cores each), our distributed approach allows reliable proof composition and checking with reasonable overhead. We analyze the overhead and discuss how and where future efforts may further improve performance.
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Armstrong, Alasdair, Brian Campbell, Ben Simner, Christopher Pulte, and Peter Sewell. "Isla: Integrating Full-Scale ISA Semantics and Axiomatic Concurrency Models." In Computer Aided Verification, 303–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_14.
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AbstractArchitecture specifications such as Armv8-A and RISC-V are the ultimate foundation for software verification and the correctness criteria for hardware verification. They should define the allowed sequential and relaxed-memory concurrency behaviour of programs, but hitherto there has been no integration of full-scale instruction-set architecture (ISA) semantics with axiomatic concurrency models, either in mathematics or in tools. These ISA semantics can be surprisingly large and intricate, e.g. 100k+ lines for Armv8-A. In this paper we present a tool, Isla, for computing the allowed behaviours of concurrent litmus tests with respect to full-scale ISA definitions, in Sail, and arbitrary axiomatic relaxed-memory concurrency models, in the Cat language. It is based on a generic symbolic engine for Sail ISA specifications, which should be valuable also for other verification tasks. We equip the tool with a web interface to make it widely accessible, and illustrate and evaluate it for Armv8-A and RISC-V. By using full-scale and authoritative ISA semantics, this lets one evaluate litmus tests using arbitrary user instructions with high confidence. Moreover, because these ISA specifications give detailed and validated definitions of the sequential aspects of systems functionality, as used by hypervisors and operating systems, e.g. instruction fetch, exceptions, and address translation, our tool provides a basis for developing concurrency semantics for these. We demonstrate this for the Armv8-A instruction-fetch model and self-modifying code examples of Simner et al.
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Lantican, Gaudencia A. "Field Screening of Gamma-Irradiated Cavendish Bananas." In Efficient Screening Techniques to Identify Mutants with TR4 Resistance in Banana, 97–109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64915-2_7.
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AbstractIn our search for Cavendish bananas to withstand Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc TR4) and other diseases, field screening of tissue-cultured Grand Nain banana seedlings derived from gamma-irradiated shoot tips was explored. Six months after irradiation and multiplication in the laboratory, the plantlets (M1V6) were individually grown in seedling bags under screen house conditions for 8 weeks, side-by-side with non-irradiated plantlets of the same clone. Once acclimatized, the banana plants were grown in an area confirmed positive of Foc TR4 (based on previous farm records stating that more than 50% of the plant population succumbed to the disease). Seedlings from each treatment (dose of radiation) were divided into four replicates, regardless of the number of plants. Each plant was given a unique identification code for traceability during disease monitoring, bunch and fruit quality evaluation.Incidences of Foc TR4, Moko disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) and virus diseases were monitored weekly. Plants found positive of any disease were eradicated immediately. The plant population for the succeeding generation was managed by removing the unwanted suckers, 12 weeks from planting using a spade gouge and keeping only one sucker per plant for the next generation. Agronomic characters of each plant were taken at the flowering stage. These included age to flower, height, pseudostem circumference, number of leaves and height of the sucker. The bunch was harvested 12 weeks from flowering. The number of hands in a bunch, the number of fingers and weight of a hand were recorded. The same agronomic characters of the plant were taken for the succeeding generations.Plants left standing in the field without any disease symptoms 3 years after planting were considered as putative mutants and were selected as candidate lines for multiplication and second-generation field screening. Only healthy suckers (free from viruses) were further multiplied via tissue culture technique to reach M1V6. Clean suckers from each line free of soil debris or dirt were sent to the laboratory for multiplication. At least 1000 plantlets were produced from each line for the second-generation field screening. These were grown in two locations – with and without records of Foc TR4. Field monitoring activities including plant population management, disease incidence assessment and fruit quality evaluation were carried out following the same protocols used in the establishment of the first-generation plants. Lines with population showing ≤10% Foc TR4 after the first harvest, with good vigor, fruit quality and productivity were considered as candidates for further multiplication, farmers distribution and field planting under semi-commercial scale.
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Bracewell, Paul J., Ankit K. Patel, Evan J. Blackie, and Chris Boys. "Using a Predictive Rating System for Computer Programmers to Optimise Recruitment." In Human Performance Technology, 397–412. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8356-1.ch020.
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Using a quantitative assessment system, the number of resumes reviewed to identify a suitable developer was reduced to 3.5% with a successful recruitment decision made in 10 working days of posting the job advertisement. This paper summarises the methodology for developing that rating system. The depth and quality of an available talent pool is a function of demand, which is demonstrated by comparing globally-scaled individual performance metrics. Public code repositories are accessed and the code quality assessed algorithmically. The performance score combines accuracy, timeliness and difficulty from a series of challenges. These three attributes form a meaningful predictive measure of performance by using a non-linear optimisation routine. Bootstrapping is used to validate the approach. This process randomly omitted a scored performance observation per coder in order to calculate the performance score from the retained scores. There was a strong relationship (r = 0.70) between the predicted 1-omitted-performance score with the actual omitted score highlighting the predictive power.
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S., Shiyamala, Vijay Soorya J., Sanjay P. S., and Sathappan K. "Network-on-Chip for Low Power MAP Decoder Using Folded Technique and CORDIC Algorithm for 5G Network." In Design Methodologies and Tools for 5G Network Development and Application, 96–108. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4610-9.ch005.
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With different constraint length (K), time scale, and code rate, modified MAP (maximum a posteriori) decoder architecture using folding technique, which has a linear life time chart, is developed, and dedicated turbo codes will be placed in a network-on-chip for various wireless applications. Folded techniques mitigated the number of latches used in interleaving and deinterleaving unit by adopting forward and backward resource utilizing method to M-2, where M is the number of rows and end-to-end delay get reduced to 2M. By replacing conventional full adder by high speed adder using 2 x 1 multiplexer to calculate the forward state metrics and reverse state metrics will minimize the power consumption utilization in an effective manner. In s similar way, CORDIC (Coordinated ROtation DIgital Computer) algorithm is used to calculate the LLR value and confer a highly precise value with less computational complexity by means of only shifting and adding methods.
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Gorgulu, Orkun, and Beyza Taskin. "A Review of the Accuracy of Force- and Deformation-Based Methods in Determining the Seismic Capacity of Rehabilitated RC School Buildings." In Architecture and Design, 1090–113. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7314-2.ch041.
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This chapter focuses on the comparison of the conventional linear force-based method with the advanced nonlinear deformation-based method that are commonly preferred to investigate the seismic performances of the existing RC school buildings. School buildings which have different structural characteristics and RC infill wall index are generated from an existing school's layout plan. During the nonlinear dynamic analysis, seven recorded earthquake motions which are scaled in accordance with the Turkish Earthquake Code are employed. Seismic performances of the school buildings against the two different earthquake hazard level are evaluated considering not only various RC infill wall indexes but also different material strengths and number of stories in terms of limit states specified in the code. In order to determine the most appropriate method related to material strength, floor level and RC infill wall index for the seismic strengthening of the existing RC school buildings, the obtained linear forced and nonlinear deformation based analyses results are compared to each other.
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V., Pattabiraman, and Parvathi R. "Dimensionality Reduction With Multi-Fold Deep Denoising Autoencoder." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing, 154–65. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1192-3.ch010.
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Natural data erupting directly out of various data sources, such as text, image, video, audio, and sensor data, comes with an inherent property of having very large dimensions or features of the data. While these features add richness and perspectives to the data, due to sparsity associated with them, it adds to the computational complexity while learning, unable to visualize and interpret them, thus requiring large scale computational power to make insights out of it. This is famously called “curse of dimensionality.” This chapter discusses the methods by which curse of dimensionality is cured using conventional methods and analyzes its performance for given complex datasets. It also discusses the advantages of nonlinear methods over linear methods and neural networks, which could be a better approach when compared to other nonlinear methods. It also discusses future research areas such as application of deep learning techniques, which can be applied as a cure for this curse.
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Gabrielsen, Øystein, Per Erlend Voie, Erling Lone, and Svein-Arne Reinholdtsen. "Life Extension of Mooring Chains - Including Effects of Mean Load and Corrosion Condition to Fatigue Capacity." In Ageing and Life Extension of Offshore Facilities, 129–35. ASME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.885789_ch7.
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The mooring systems on floating offshore installations are typically designed for a life of 25 years. Life extension of installations beyond the original design life thus requires either mooring system replacement or assessment to document life extension of the mooring system components. Mooring chains are normally the components with the shortest design life, where the design codes define how break strength and fatigue capacity reduce with time, due to an annual expected corrosion loss. Equinor has replaced many mooring chains, and these have been thoroughly inspected, where some have been tested to document actual break capacity and fatigue capacity. The effect of corrosion on breaking strength is found to be low, while the effect of corrosion on fatigue capacity is found to be significantly larger than specified in design codes. Another key finding is that the fatigue capacity is dependent on mean load. For mooring systems with low pretension or mean load, the mooring lines may have better fatigue capacity than initially calculated in design. By analyzing full scale fatigue test data from both new and used chain, it is now possible to establish formulas for mooring chain fatigue capacity which also account for the effects of mean load and corrosion condition. The total number of chain replacements has, together with installation specific chain replacements, made it possible to estimate corrosion condition and forecast future corrosion development. It has thus been possible to perform fatigue reassessment including fatigue capacity with the effect of chain degeneration. This paper presents the fatigue life reassessment of the mooring chains for an FPSO on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS), utilizing the new knowledge. The reassessment documents a significant increase of the service life for certain mooring line segments, while some are confirmed due for replacement. As a result, the initially planned chain replacement scope has been reduced, with large cost savings. The paper presents and discusses the assumptions and data used in the analysis, including comparison with standard fatigue analysis for the same mooring system.
Conference papers on the topic "Scalar Linear Codes"
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Na, Ilju, and David L. Neuhoff. "The Best Binary Linear Block Codes for Scalar Source-Channel Coding." In 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2007.4557313.
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Ambadi, Niranjana, and B. Sundar Rajan. "Optimal scalar linear codes for single unicast neighboring interference symmetric index coding." In ICC 2017 - 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2017.7997269.
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Etzion, Tuvi, and Antonia Wachter-Zeh. "Vector network coding based on subspace codes outperforms scalar linear network coding." In 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2016.7541639.
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Vaddi, Mahesh Babu, and B. Sundar Rajan. "Optimal Scalar Linear Index Codes for One-Sided Neighboring Side-Information Problems." In 2016 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocomw.2016.7848993.
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Chinmayananda, A., and B. Sundar Rajan. "Optimal Scalar Linear Index Codes for Some Two-Sender Unicast Index Coding Problems." In 2018 International Symposium on Information Theory and Its Applications (ISITA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/isita.2018.8664234.
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Arunachala, Chinmayananda, and B. Sundar Rajan. "Optimal Scalar Linear Codes for a Class of Jointly Extended Groupcast Index Coding Problems." In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2019.8849428.
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Ma, Yinbin, and Daniela Tuninetti. "A General Coded Caching Scheme for Scalar Linear Function Retrieval." In 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit45174.2021.9518262.
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Loginov, M. S., E. M. J. Komen, and A. K. Kuczaj. "Application of Large-Eddy Simulation to Pressurized Thermal Shock Problem." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75894.
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Life span assessment is a very important issue for the nuclear community. A serious threat to the life span of a Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) is an occurrence of the Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS) during an Emergency Core Coolant (ECC) injection in a loss-of-coolant accident. Traditional system codes fail to predict the complex three-dimensional flow phenomena resulting from such an ECC injection. Improved results have been obtained using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. However, it has been shown also that current transient RANS approaches are less capable to predict complex flow features in the downcomer of the RPV. More advanced CFD methods like Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) are required for modeling of these complex flow phenomena in the downcomer. The current paper addresses the feasibility of the application of LES for single-phase PTS. Furthermore, the required grid resolution for such LES analyses is identified by evaluation of solutions on different meshes. A buoyancy-driven PTS experiment has been considered. This experiment has been performed in the 1:5 linear scale Rossendorf Coolant Mixing Model (ROCOM) facility. In the applied numerical model, the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved in the LES formulation, with an additional transport equation for a scalar, which is responsible for driving the embedded buoyancy term in the momentum equations. Instantaneous mixing characteristics are investigated based on evaluation of the scalar concentration. The analysis presented in this paper indicates that the application of LES is feasible nowadays. It is demonstrated that the mixing in the downcomer is quite sensitive to small turbulent disturbances at the ECC inlet, i.e., two simulations performed with slightly different fluctuations at inlet result in substantially different flow in the downcomer. This complicates the analysis of the data from simulations and suggests that validation against experimental data should not be performed using single physical experiment.
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Rajan, G. Susinder, and B. Sundar Rajan. "Four Group Decodable Differential Scaled Unitary Linear Space-Time Codes." In IEEE GLOBECOM 2007-2007 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2007.330.
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Rawat, Rajesh, Jennifer P. Spinti, Wing Yee, and Philip J. Smith. "Parallelization of a Large Scale Hydrocarbon Pool Fire in the Uintah PSE." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33105.
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Realistic simulation of complicated systems such as large-scale pool fires requires the representation of relevant physical processes such as turbulent reacting flows, convective and radiative heat transfer, and fundamental gas-phase chemistry. Resolution of the length and time scales responsible for controlling the dynamic features of fire are also required to capture important fire physics. Resolving these length and time scales, however, requires massively parallel computations. To achieve coupling of these complicated processes in a massively parallel environment, software components that reuse physics-based, legacy fire codes (written in Fortran) are developed and integrated with Uintah, a component-based, visual Problem Solving Environment (PSE) [1]. Uintah provides the framework for large-scale parallelization for different applications. The integration of the new fire code in Uintah is built on three principles: 1) Develop different, reusable, physics-based components that can be used interchangeably and interact with other components, 2) reuse the legacy fire code as much as possible, and 3) use components developed by third parties, specifically non-linear and linear solvers designed for solving complex-flow problems. The simulation of a 10-m heptane pool fire illustrates the parallel scalability obtained with the integrated fire code. Linear scalability to 1000 processors is obtained on the SGI Origin 2000 at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
Reports on the topic "Scalar Linear Codes"
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Denys, R. M. L51712 Fracture Behavior of Large-Diameter Girth Welds - Effect of Weld Metal Yield Strength Part II. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010121.
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Fitness for purpose girth defect assessments assume the presence of a single defect. This assumption is not always fulfilled. Welds may contain many small defects. These defects, when considered individually and without interaction, are generally innocuous. However, this may be a false conclusion as to the true strength or deformation capacity of the weld because neighbouring imperfections or defects may interact and may be more severe than each individual imperfection. When non-destructive examinations reveal multiple defects, a defect recategorisation procedure has to be applied to determine whether neighbouring defects will interact other under load. The interaction criteria of BS PD6493, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section XI and the Japanese fitness-of-purpose code WES 2805 are based on a combination of linear elastic fracture mechanics calculations and engineering judgement. The PD6493 and ASME XI rules are based on the principle that the increase in the stress intensity magnification caused by interaction of neigbouring defects should be limited to 20% (PD 6493) and 6% (ASME XI), whereas the WES criterion is based on the principle that the stress intensity magnification or CTOD value of the interacting neighbouring defects should be limited to 20% of the shortest defect. As the fracture behaviour of line pipe girth welds differs from linear elastic behaviour, it is expected that the existing rules are not necessarily applicable for elastic-plastic or plastic material behaviours. This consideration suggests that there exist a need for developing criteria which permit plasticity effects to be incorporated. The mathematical treatment of multiple defects under elastic-plastic and or plastic fracture conditions is a complex issue because it is not possible to predict yielding behaviour and make a distinction between local and ligament collapse. Because of this limitation, it is thus necessary to employ large scale tensile tests in which the interaction effects can be reproduced. In persuing this approach, it is further possible: (a) to verify and establish the conservatism built into the existing interaction criteria. (b) to formulate alternative interaction criteria for elastic-plastic or plastic behavior. The goal of this study was to obtain information on the failure behavior of girth welds containing two coplanar fatigue pre-cracked defects. The results were correlated with tests on welds containing a single crack to determine the engineering significance of existing defect interaction rules under elastic-plastic and plastic fracture conditions.
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Wilkowski, G. M., D. Rudland, P. Mincer, B. Metrovich, and D. Rider. L52249 Failure Initation Modes of Pipe with High Charpy Transition Temperature. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012041.
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This report presents a methodology that determines the lowest temperature where ductile fracture would occur for either sharp cracks or blunt corrosion flaws in older low-toughness line pipe base metals. It is applicable to either axial or circumferential flaws in pipes under quasi-static loading, i.e., normal operating conditions with no sudden transient loads. The results showed that ductile initiation of a surface crack can occur at a significantly lower temperature than the Charpy transition temperature. A master curve of transition temperatures for different pipe thickness and crack geometries was developed and validated on 1927 and 1948 vintage pipes. The master-curve of transition temperatures comes from accounting for thickness effects, loading-rate effects, and constraint effects (for a surface crack) on the transition temperatures of the flawed pipe relative to the Charpy transition temperature. These transition temperature shifts were empirically determined from hundreds of past full-scale tests and literally thousands of laboratory tests, and then checked against data developed on much older vintage line pipe steels, i.e., the 1927 and 1948 pipes in this project.
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Rudland. L52245 Improvements to the Two Curve Ductile Fracture Model - Soil-Elastic and Plastic Contributions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010625.
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The most commonly used fracture analyses procedure for the prediction of minimum arrest toughness and fracture speed for axially running cracks in line pipe materials for natural gas transmission pipeline applications is the Battelle Two-Curve approach. This analysis procedure incorporates the gas-decompression behavior with the fracture toughness of the pipe material to predict the minimum Charpy energy required for crack arrest. For this model, the effect of backfill on the propagating crack fracture speeds is lumped into one empirically based �backfill coefficient,� which does not distinguish different soil types or strengths. This report provides a better understanding of soil behavior and its affect on the fracture speed of running axial flaws in buried line pipe materials. The results from this program are combined with other full-scale experimental data in developing a modification to the treatment of backfill in the Battelle Two-Curve approach for calculating minimum arrest toughness. This first major improvement to the Battelle Two-Curve approach is incorporated into a computer code called PIPE-DFRAC.
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Jury, William A., and David Russo. Characterization of Field-Scale Solute Transport in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568772.bard.
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This report describes activity conducted in several lines of research associated with field-scale water and solute processes. A major effort was put forth developing a stochastic continuum analysis for an important class of problems involving flow of reactive and non reactive chemicals under steady unsaturated flow. The field-scale velocity covariance tensor has been derived from local soil properties and their variability, producing a large-scale description of the medium that embodies all of the local variability in a statistical sense. Special cases of anisotropic medium properties not aligned along the flow direction of spatially variable solute sorption were analysed in detail, revealing a dependence of solute spreading on subtle features of the variability of the medium, such as cross-correlations between sorption and conductivity. A novel method was developed and tested for measuring hydraulic conductivity at the scale of observation through the interpretation of a solute transport outflow curve as a stochastic-convective process. This undertaking provided a host of new K(q) relationships for existing solute experiments and also laid the foundation for future work developing a self-consistent description of flow and transport under these conditions. Numerical codes were developed for calculating K(q) functions for a variety of solute pulse outflow shapes, including lognormal, Fickian, Mobile-Immobile water, and bimodal. Testing of this new approach against conventional methodology was mixed, and agreed most closely when the assumptions of the new method were met. We conclude that this procedure offers a valuable alternative to conventional methods of measuring K(q), particularly when the application of the method is at a scale (e.g. and agricultural field) that is large compared to the common scale at which conventional K(q) devices operate. The same problem was approached from a numerical perspective, by studying the feasibility of inverting a solute outflow signal to yield the hydraulic parameters of the medium that housed the experiment. We found that the inverse problem was solvable under certain conditions, depending on the amount of noise in the signal and the degree of heterogeneity in the medium. A realistic three dimensional model of transient water and solute movement in a heterogeneous medium that contains plant roots was developed and tested. The approach taken was to generate a single realization of this complex flow event, and examine the results to see whether features were present that might be overlooked in less sophisticated model efforts. One such feature revealed is transverse dispersion, which is a critically important component in the development of macrodispersion in the longitudinal direction. The lateral mixing that was observed greatly exceeded that predicted from simpler approaches, suggesting that at least part of the important physics of the mixing process is embedded in the complexity of three dimensional flow. Another important finding was the observation that variability can produce a pseudo-kinetic behavior for solute adsorption, even when the local models used are equilibrium.
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Ruschau. L51771 Alternative Acceptance Criteria of Girth Weld Defects. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010187.
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The girth weld defect acceptance standards based on good workmanship reflect quality levels that can be reasonably expected from a qualified welder. Workmanship (WM) or weld quality standards specify a maximum allowable length whilst the percentage loss of cross-sectional area is used for porosities. This approach to defect acceptance philosophy has arisen from the use of radiography as the NDE technique for detecting and quantifyingweld discontinuities. The first WM standard for inspection and acceptance of finished girth welds was implemented by API in 1953. The specific requirements of the 1953-standard were largely based on the Unfired Pressure Vessel Code which was first adopted by ASME in 1931. Since then, a number of slightly revised standards were issued to reflect what should be attainable with normal good welding practices. The failure behaviour of defective girth welds in large diameter pipe lines was assessed using radiographic and mechanized ultrasonic inspection, small scale (tensile, hardness, Charpy and CTOD) and wide plate tests. The specimens were taken from girth welds in API 5LX70 pipe of 1219 mm (48 inches) in diameter by 8,0 mm (0,323 inch) and 13,3 mm (0,524 inch) wall. The test welds were made with the SMAW (8 welds) and GMAW (9 welds) welding processes. Upon completion of the non-destructive tests, 96 curved wide plate specimens were tested to destruction under tensile load. Testing was performed at low temperature (-50�C/-58�F). Defect type, defect position and size were determined from photographs of the fracture face and macro sections (defect characterization and sizing). In total, 290 typical surface breaking and embedded defects in SMAW or GMAW girth welds have been evaluated.
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Bowlin, Elizabeth, and Puneet Agarwal. PR-201-153718-R03 Integrity Assessment of DTI Pipelines Using High Resolution NDE in Select Areas. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011486.
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Hydrostatic test and In-Line Inspection are the prescribed integrity assessment methods cited in various Codes and Regulations and have been proven to enhance pipeline safety. But a significant number of pipelines across the world remain difficult to inspect and impractical to modify for inspection by the prescribed methods due to physical configurations or operating conditions. This research performs a state of the art (SOTA) analysis of NDE technology readiness considering physical and operational barriers and technology deployment from inside, outside or over pipelines, and the possible role of inspection sampling to conclude pipeline integrity and justify intervals for conversion for piggability or hydrotest. The goal of the research is to propose alternatives to ILI for safe prioritization and scheduling for conversion or replacement and not to replace hydrostatic test or ILI as currently prescribed in Codes and Regulations. The scope of the research is limited to technologies and integrity management concerning metal loss threat. This report represents the third and final update of prior reports from the two preceding years presenting a compendium of technologies describing technology readiness for state of the art non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technologies intended for low resolution pipeline condition screening and high resolution NDE for deployment at sample locations with capabilities applicable to difficult to inspect pipeline configurations. Integrated cleaning and inspection pigs, smart balls, external deployed ultrasonic, radiographic and magnetometry are pipe wall screening technologies evaluated in the reports. A structured process is proposed for assessing pipeline integrity based on low resolution screening of the full length of a pipeline segment followed by high resolution NDE samples at locations where screening indicates locations of possible wall loss. The process employs extreme value analysis for prediction of maximum metal loss severity across the screened segment. For instances where no metal loss indications reported by screening or from high resolution samples an alternative "compliance approach" is also addressed. Case studies are presented where PRCI members have deployed some of the technologies referenced in the NDE SOTA phase of the research and implemented the proposed extreme value or the compliance approaches. Validation of fitness for service conclusions based on inspection sampling by comparison with full length high resolution ILI or hydrostatic test are included in some of the case studies. The conclusions of the case studies demonstrate integrity conclusions obtained from the PRCI structured process are conservative and consistent with ILI or hydrostatic test conclusions. Based on the experience from the case studies and the SOTA, a metal loss screening efficiency factor (MLSE) is proposed enabling pipeline operators to understand the general relationship between screening level (sample stratification) and direct examination (inspection sampling) required to provide equivalent understanding of pipe wall condition, limited to metal loss. As mentioned by ASME/API ILI has limitations that need to be considered in its deployment and full discovery of metal loss conditions. Under some conditions (noted by API 1163) ILI predictions can be accepted without any direct examinations or verifications, i.e full length screening (high resolution) and no verification samples. At the other end of the spectrum random sampling can be theoretically deployed as a screening approach but depending on the condition of the pipeline, the high-resolution sample area could be very large to obtain a significant integrity conclusion. This report proposes a comparative scale of effectiveness for SOTA pipe wall screening technologies that offer the operator an expectation of high resolution NDE sample size. There is a related webinar
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NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF ALL-STEEL BUCKLING RESTRAINED BRACES. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2023.19.3.5.
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Buckling restrained braces are gaining popularity in earthquake-resistant designs these days. These braces give stable hysteretic behaviour with a non-buckling steel core encased in a steel tube, that is filled with concrete or mortar. However, in the last few years, researchers have observed that these braces do not need any filler material and can be all-steel. This study aims to carry out a parametric study on All-Steel Buckling Restrained Braces (ASBRBs) by varying the restraining mechanism, the amount of gap between the core and the restrainer, and loading protocols. This paper presents a parametric study conducted on 12 proposed ASBRBs through non-linear finite element analysis. The proposed models have identical inner steel core cross-sections, but the restraining mechanism differs in each case. This paper also includes an experimental study on two small-scale ASBRB specimens. In addition, a finite element study on the effect of variation in stiffness of the transition portion of the core on different performance parameters is carried out. The parameters investigated include hysteretic response, energy dissipation, compression adjustment factor, and strain hardening adjustment factor. The results indicated that the global buckling behaviour of ASBRBs is significantly influenced by the restraining mechanism. In addition, this study also revealed that the global buckling behaviour does not significantly depend on the spacing of the restrainers. It was also observed that BRBs with unstiffened cores show stable hysteretic behaviour up to 2% strain, which deteriorates with further increase in the strain.