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Journal articles on the topic 'Scala commerciale'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Turfa, Jean MacIntosh, and Alwin G. Steinmayer. "Interpreting early Etruscan structures: the Question of Murlo." Papers of the British School at Rome 70 (November 2002): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246200002099.

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L'INTERPRETAZIONE DI STRUTTURE ETRUSCHE ARCAICHE: IL CASO DI MURLOL'analisi della datazione, l'estensione, la pianta e la posizione dell'edificio monumentale con cortile a Poggio Civitate (Murlo, provincia di Siena) indica la sua funzione di ‘centro commerciale in età pre-monetaria, in una regione non completamente urbanizzata. Essendo cosi visibile — una sorta di affermazione politico-economica — ed offrendo riparo e sicurezza ad un gran numero di persone o di merci, il ‘Murlo Upper Building’, una delle strutture più grandi dell'epoca (c. 575 a.C), caratterizzata da una progettazione innovativa e da una decorazione insolita, era stato progettato come parte di un sistema commerciale di prodotti su larga scala. La sua prossimitá ad una regione mineraria e il suo uso nella produzione di beni di lusso assortiti, cosi come il progetto di una struttura che funzionava come la ‘stanza del commercio’ dei moderni forti coloniali europei, conferma ulteriormente la sua funzione commerciale in un'era di contatti stranieri sempre più sofisticati e di cambiamenti sociali.

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2

Cristini, Guido. "Unificazione di insegne e sostituzione della marca commerciale in un gruppo distributivo leader: ricadute di ordine economico, strategico e gestionale." MERCATI & COMPETITIVITÀ, no. 4 (November 2010): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mc2010-004008.

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Nel processo di concentrazione tra gruppi distributivi a livello nazionale ed internazionale in corso da diversi anni, uno degli aspetti piů ricorsivi č costituito dalla stra- tegia di unificazione delle insegne. Tale strategia si traduce nell'analisi del valore delle insegne acquisite e, di norma, nell'eliminazione di quelle che operano ad una scala dimensionale inferiore e/o che manifestano una brand equity minore. In tale contesto, non č infrequente rilevare come l'obiettivo perseguito dal gruppo distributivo acquisitore sia quello di disporre di un'unica insegna in grado di generare economie di scala non solo esterne (sul versante della contrattualistica con i fornitori), quanto interne (comunicazione, logistica, marketing, etc.), propedeutiche al raggiungimento di gradi piů elevati di efficienza. In realtÀ, in diverse occasione, la cancellazione di una determinata insegna a favore di un'altra si č tradotta, nel breve termine, in una perdita di valore per il gruppo driver, in particolare sul versante delle vendite di marca commerciale in offerta. Nel quadro appena richiamato, obiettivo del presente articolo risulta quello di verificare se i vantaggi derivanti dall'adozione di una marca privata di Gruppo, pur in presenza della storica insegna di canale, risultino superiori a quelli ottenuti disponendo di una private label consolidata, rispondente in termini di immagine a quella caratterizzante la situazione pre-esistente. In particolare, interessa comprendere, se nel processo di cambiamento in atto non solo se il trade off risulti positivo, ma anche se i tempi e le risorse investite nel processo di conversione siano, nel complesso, da considerarsi accettabili per il distributore driver in relazione ai vantaggi raggiunti ex post.

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3

Hollick, J. C. "Commercial scale solar drying." Renewable Energy 16, no. 1-4 (January 1999): 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(98)00258-4.

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4

Seguchi, Motoki. "Figuring Out Commercial Gimmicks Influencing Consumer Engagement from Psychological Change Points." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 2 (February 19, 2022): 190–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.92.11738.

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Although the scale is not so large, there are many companies that carefully manufacture traditional products of high quality such as crafts and foods. For such companies, story-telling commercials explaining their elaborate products on their SNS sites are attractive means to enlarge their business scale, because it takes a lower cost than TV commercials. However, because of limited budgets, they make commercials for themselves. It is difficult for them to evaluate whether their commercials have an impact on consumers. To compose hand-made commercials appealing to new customers, this study proposes a method to estimate which gimmicks in a commercial affect consumer engagement. Customer targeting is important in business for the small amount of production. The study evaluates the method, dividing target consumers into two groups, students and working adults. The change point detection is applied to pupil size for estimating gimmicks affecting emotional engagement, so is to EDA for estimating ones affecting cognitive engagement. The impacts on behavioral engagement are evaluated with a questionnaire. Experiments show that characters are an important gimmick for cognitive engagement. A climax should be placed firmly in the story to influence emotional engagement. Flashback scenes also turn out useful gimmicks for both cognitive and emotional engagement. Furthermore, scenes that allow consumers to imagine themselves using the product are influential to behavioral engagement. Specific elements working well for each gimmick turn out to vary with students and adults. The method manifests gimmicks to be included in a commercial when companies compose their commercials for themselves.

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Park, Jong-Woong, Sukyoung Kim, Ghiho Park, and Donghyuk Choi. "하·폐수처리시설 2차 처리수를 위한 상용 전해 여과 장치 개발." Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment 19, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33768/ksue.2019.19.4.267.

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6

Sadighi, Sepehr, Seyed Reza Seif Mohaddecy, and Mehdi Rashidzadeh. "Modeling, Evaluating and Scaling up a Commercial Multilayer Claus Converter Based on Bench Scale Experiments." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 15, no. 2 (May 25, 2020): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.2.7521.465-475.

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Industrial scale reactors work adiabatically and measuring their performance in an isothermal bench scale reactor is faced with uncertainties. In this research, based on kinetic models previously developed for alumina and titania commercial Claus catalysts, a multilayer bench scale model is constructed, and it is applied to simulate the behavior of an industrial scale Claus converter. It is shown that performing the bench scale isothermal experiments at the temperature of 307 ºC can reliably exhibit the activity of catalytic layers of an industrial Claus converter operating at the weighted average bed temperature (WABT) of 289 ºC. Additionally, an adiabatic model is developed for a target industrial scale Claus reactor, and it is confirmed that this model can accurately predict the temperature, and molar percentages of H2S and CS2. Based on simulation results, 20% of excess amount of Claus catalysts should be loaded to compensate their deactivation during the process cycle life. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

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7

Vincent, Manon, Cornelia Krause, and Ahmed Koubaa. "Influence of Stem Taper on the Yield of Black Spruce Stands and Trees Following Commercial Thinning." Forests 10, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111024.

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In this work, we examine the effects of commercial thinning on stand volume and individual stem form in nine naturally regenerated black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands. We compared these study sites with controls in the commercial boreal forest of northern Quebec, Canada. At stand level, dendrochronological data provided insight into changes in stand volume ten years after thinning. Analysis of a subsample of six individual trees from each commercially thinned stand and three individual trees from the controls illustrated the role of thinning on stem shape development. Although average volume increased for residual stems in thinned stands slightly more than in the controls (110% versus 106%), the treatment effect stand-level volume increment or stand-level total volume harvested (ten years after treatment) was not statistically significant. Moreover, at tree level, thinning did not significantly affect stem volume increment. However, radial growth increment significantly increased after treatment. Trees from commercially thinned stands showed a significantly higher growth increment along the lower first two-thirds of the stem. Response to thinning at tree level correlated strongly with the size and number of harvested competitors around a residual stem. We conclude that commercial thinning modified wood allocation rather than wood volume and did not affect taper and stem shape. These patterns of post-cutting growth are explained by wood allocation following thinning. After commercial thinning, growth increment is favored at the expense of height growth. As the treatment effect was found at the stem scale rather than at the stand scale, further research is needed in regard to commercial thinning treatments to investigate how to increase productivity at the stand scale.

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Forrest, Stephen. "Science and Technology at the Nanometer Scale Using Vacuum-Deposited Organic Thin Films." MRS Bulletin 26, no. 2 (February 2001): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2001.297.

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Organic thin films have been studied for their properties as active optoelectronic materials for at least 50 years. Yet, until recently, they have failed to make a significant impact in the commercial world. However, display products based on organic light emission are now available commercially, indicating that a major change in the acceptance of organic optoelectronics is in the offing. I would like to discuss some of the reasons for these developments from an engineering perspective.

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LIGHTOWLERS, M. W. "Cestode vaccines: origins, current status and future prospects." Parasitology 133, S2 (October 2006): S27—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200600179x.

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Recombinant vaccines have been developed which are highly effective in preventing infection with Taenia ovis in sheep, Taenia saginata in cattle, Taenia solium in pigs and Echinococcus granulosus in livestock animals. T. ovis and T. saginata are economically significant parasites and the commercial success or otherwise of vaccines against them will rely on their economic value. E. granulosus and T. solium are zoonotic parasites that cause cystic hydatid disease and neurocysticercosis, respectively, in humans. Vaccines against these parasites have been developed to assist with the control of transmission of the human diseases rather than for prevention of infections in livestock per se. Regions of high prevalence for cystic hydatid disease and neurocysticercosis occur primarily in the developing world. As a consequence, vaccines against them are of little or no commercially interest – they are Orphan Vaccines. Lack of commercial interest in these vaccines has made public sector support for their development necessary well beyond the research phase trough into completion of commercial scale-up and other more commercially-related assessments. Practical use of the vaccines will require commercial-scale production according to international manufacturing standards. Identifying partners and support in this endeavour is now of prime importance in efforts to achieve the potential of these vaccines as new tools for the control of cystic hydatid disease and neurocysticercosis.

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Tsuzuki, Takuya. "Commercial scale production of inorganic nanoparticles." International Journal of Nanotechnology 6, no. 5/6 (2009): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnt.2009.024647.

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11

Silva, Cory, Eiman Soliman, Greg Cameron, Leonard A. Fabiano, Warren D. Seider, Eric H. Dunlop, and A. Kimi Coaldrake. "Commercial-Scale Biodiesel Production from Algae." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53, no. 13 (December 24, 2013): 5311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie403273b.

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12

Rozzell, J. David. "Commercial scale biocatalysis: myths and realities." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 7, no. 10 (October 1999): 2253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00159-5.

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13

Maroušek, Josef, Yoshikazu Kondo, Masami Ueno, and Yoshinobu Kawamitsu. "Commercial-scale utilization of greenhouse residues." Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 60, no. 2 (January 11, 2013): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bab.1055.

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14

Ekielski, Adam, and Pawan Kumar Mishra. "Lignin for Bioeconomy: The Present and Future Role of Technical Lignin." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010063.

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Lignin, the term commonly used in literature, represents a group of heterogeneous aromatic compounds of plant origin. Protolignin or lignin in the cell wall is entirely different from the commercially available technical lignin due to changes during the delignification process. In this paper, we assess the status of lignin valorization in terms of commercial products. We start with existing knowledge of the lignin/protolignin structure in its native form and move to the technical lignin from various sources. Special attention is given to the patents and lignin-based commercial products. We observed that the technical lignin-based commercial products utilize coarse properties of the technical lignin in marketed formulations. Additionally, the general principles of polymers chemistry and self-assembly are difficult to apply in lignin-based nanotechnology, and lignin-centric investigations must be carried out. The alternate upcoming approach is to develop lignin-centric or lignin first bio-refineries for high-value applications; however, that brings its own technological challenges. The assessment of the gap between lab-scale applications and lignin-based commercial products delineates the challenges lignin nanoparticles-based technologies must meet to be a commercially viable alternative.

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15

Zalazar, C. S., M. D. Labas, C. A. Martín, R. J. Brandi, and A. E. Cassano. "Reactor scale-up in AOPs: from laboratory to commercial scale." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 4 (February 1, 2004): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0207.

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A procedure to scale-up photoreactors employed in AOPs using laboratory information has been developed. Operating with a model compound the proposed procedure was applied to the decomposition of formic acid in water solution using hydrogen peroxide and UV radiation. With laboratory experiments the parameters of the kinetic equation were obtained in a small batch reactor operated within a recycling apparatus. The whole system was modeled employing radiation and mass balances. These balances were used together with a non-linear parameter estimator to derive the model kinetic constants. Then, these results were used in the modeling of the large-scale reactor to predict exit conversions in an isothermal, continuous, tubular flow reactor that is 2 m long and has a volume of 12 l. Once more, radiation and mass balances were used to predict formic acid output concentrations. Experimental data in the large-scale apparatus are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

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16

Oishi, Sana, Shin-ichiro Kimura, Shuji Noguchi, Mio Kondo, Yosuke Kondo, Yoshiyuki Shimokawa, Yasunori Iwao, and Shigeru Itai. "New scale-down methodology from commercial to lab scale to optimize plant-derived soft gel capsule formulations on a commercial scale." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 535, no. 1-2 (January 2018): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.029.

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17

Vaudour-Jouve, Nicole. "L'organisation commerciale dans l'unité d'Aix-Marseille (The configuration of the commercial pattern on the scale of the urban unity of Aix-Marseille)." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 70, no. 3 (1993): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.1993.1683.

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18

BARI, M. L., Y. SABINA, H. KUSUNOKI, and T. UEMURA. "Preservation of Fish Cutlet (Pangasius pangasius) at Ambient Temperature by Irradiation." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.1.56.

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Development of gamma irradiation preservation of ready-to-eat, commercially prepared fish cutlet and improvement of microbiological quality were studied. Studies on the shelf life extension by a combination of irradiation and ascorbic acid treatments of fish cutlets prepared at the laboratory and commercial scale have also been conducted. Cutlets prepared at the laboratory scale according to selected formulation and irradiated at a dose of 5 kGy could extend the shelf life up to 5 weeks at room temperature. In commercially prepared fish cutlets, maximum shelf life extension observed was 14 days for samples treated with 5 kGy of irradiation and stored at ambient temperature on the basis of combined microbiological, chemical, and organoleptic evaluation. The microbiological quality of the commercially prepared fish cutlets revealed the unhygienic conditions of the place where the fish was prepared and the unhygienic storage conditions and temperatures. As a result, the chemical and irradiation treatments were not effective in extending the shelf life of the cutlets under the storage condition used in this study compared with that of the laboratory scale–prepared cutlets.

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19

Rege, Vaijayanti. "An ‘In-House’ Method for the Assay of Serum Total Oestriol in Pregnancy Using 125I Label." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 22, no. 1 (January 1985): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456328502200112.

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Commercial RIA kits for the assay of serum total oestriol using 125I label are used widely in monitoring fetal well-being in pregnancy; they are, however, very expensive for large-scale routine use. An ‘in-house’ assay using commercially available [125I]oestriol label and antiserum produced by the S.E. and S.W. Thames Regional Antibody Production Unit has been developed. Technical aspects of the method are described. The assay is compared with two commercial kits and correlates very well with one of them. The assay gives good precision and can be used with substantial savings in cost.

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Olufemi Adeyeye, Patrick, Bolanle Aminah Azeez, and Olufemi Adewale Aluko. "Determinants of small and medium scale enterprises financing by the banking sector in Nigeria: a macroeconomic perspective." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 1 (April 8, 2016): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(1-1).2016.04.

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This study assesses from a macroeconomic perspective the determinants of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) financing by the banking sector in Nigeria between 1992 and 2014. The empirical model specifies commercial banks’ lending to SMEs as a function of selected macroeconomic indicators which include commercial banks’ total deposits, financial deepening, interest rate spread, lending rate, monetary policy rate, commercial banks’ total assets and inflation rate. The 2SLS estimation results show that only commercial banks’ deposit mobilization, depth of the financial sector and size of the banking sector act as determinants of SMEs financing by commercial banks

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21

Watson, Max, Jonathan Ennis-King, Allison Hortle, and Matthias Raab. "Developing Australia’s underground hydrogen storage through demonstration." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S196—S199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21070.

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For Australia to capitalise on the growing hydrogen (H2) economy, the current capability gap for large-scale, secure and cost-effective H2 storage must be addressed. Large-scale underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in porous reservoirs offers the required capacity to balance discrepancies between demand and supply over seasonal durations, and support decarbonisation and security in Australia’s energy system. This becomes essential for export and domestic markets from 2030 onwards. UHS in depleted gas fields can address the infrastructure and safety challenges, as well as supporting long-term supply security while decreasing delivery price through economies of scale. However, the technical readiness for Australia’s industries to undertake UHS is low, with scientific challenges around how stored H2 interacts with subsurface rocks and fluids, and how this impacts the storage efficiency. A commercially relevant demonstration of UHS is essential for providing the knowledge and confidence for large investment into commercial scale UHS. CO2CRC and CSIRO are collaboratively developing such a demonstration, utilising data and learnings from the Otway International Test Centre, as a proxy for commercial-scale UHS operations.

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22

Sahoo, Biresh K., and Dieter Gstach. "Scale Economies in Indian Commercial Banking Sector." International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 2, no. 4 (October 2011): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jissc.2011100102.

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Two alternative estimation models, i.e., a translog cost function and data envelopment analysis (DEA) based on a cost model are compared and contrasted in revealing scale economies in the Indian commercial banking sector. The empirical results indicate that while the translog cost model exhibits increasing returns to scale for all the ownership groups, the DEA model reveals economies of scale only for foreign banks, diseconomies of scale for nationalized banks, and both economies and diseconomies of scale for private banks. The divergence of the results obtained from these two estimation models should concern model builders. From an empirical perspective the definition of scale economies through a constant input mix is very restrictive. The DEA cost model is much more flexible in this respect: It neither requires the restrictive assumptions that the unit factor prices are always available with certainty, nor that these prices are exogenous to the firms. However, the very volatile nature of the banking industry might question the validity of the empirical estimates in this deterministic setting. Therefore, further research is required to examine the bank performance behavior using both SFA and chance constrained DEA for the comparison in a stochastic setting.

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23

Tonkovich, A., D. Kuhlmann, A. Rogers, J. McDaniel, S. Fitzgerald, R. Arora, and T. Yuschak. "Microchannel Technology Scale-up to Commercial Capacity." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 83, no. 6 (June 2005): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/cherd.04354.

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Graham, R. G., B. A. Freel, D. R. Huffman, and M. A. Bergougnou. "Commercial-scale rapid thermal processing of biomass." Biomass and Bioenergy 7, no. 1-6 (January 1994): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(94)00066-3.

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Jahnig, Charles E. "Artemia CULTURE ON A COMMERCIAL PILOT SCALE." Proceedings of the annual meeting - World Mariculture Society 8, no. 1-4 (February 25, 2009): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1977.tb00115.x.

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26

Chaney, D., S. Rodriguez, K. Fugelsang, and R. Thornton. "Managing high-density commercial scale wine fermentations." Journal of Applied Microbiology 100, no. 4 (April 2006): 689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02839.x.

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27

Borowitzka, Michael A., and Avigad Vonshak. "Scaling up microalgal cultures to commercial scale." European Journal of Phycology 52, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2017.1365177.

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28

Otero Keil, Z., and T. W. F. Russell. "Design of commercial-scale gas-liquid contactors." AIChE Journal 33, no. 3 (April 1987): 488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690330314.

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29

Nadri, Ghulam. "Exploring the Gulf of Kachh: Regional Economy and Trade in the Eighteenth Century." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 51, no. 3 (2008): 460–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852008x317789.

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AbstractThis paper explores the economic dynamics of the Gulf of Kachh littoral in the eighteenth century. First, the region's production and trade potential is foregrounded by examining the scale and scope of its major products—cotton and textiles—and by tracking the inland and overseas commercial networks. The politico-economic crisis in Gujarat and the ensuing relocation of merchants and manufacturers combined with the rise of the Omani commercial empire served as the context for the mid-century expansion in the commerce of the Gulf of Kachh. Second, the development of the Dutch commercial interaction with this region will be analyzed from the perspective of the Dutch East India Company's trade at Surat in connection with the growing English influence in the Arabian Sea. Cette contribution explore deux principaux aspects de la vitalité économique du littoral du Golfe de Cutch au dix-huitième siècle. Premièrement, le potentiel de production et de commerce de la région est souligné en examinant l'importance et l'éventail des produits principaux échangés, notamment des cotons et des tissus, et en suivant les réseaux d'échanges terrestres et maritimes La crise socio-économique qui frappe le Gujarat au début de ce siècle et le déplacement des marchands et manufacturiers qui en découle, mais également la montée de la puissance commerciale omanaise, permettent en effet l'essor commercial du Golfe de Cutch au milieu du siècle. Deuxièmement, le développement de l'interaction commerciale entre cette région et la Compagnie néerlandaise des Indes orientales est relevé. La présence de cette compagnie au Golfe est mise en perspective avec ses activités à Surat et l'influence anglaise grandissante en mer d'Arabie.

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Dixon, Tim. "Commercial property retrofitting." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 32, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-02-2014-0016.

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Purpose – Progress in retrofitting the UK's commercial properties continues to be slow and fragmented. New research from the UK and USA suggests that radical changes are needed to drive large-scale retrofitting, and that new and innovative models of financing can create new opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to offer insights into the terminology of retrofit and the changes in UK policy and practice that are needed to scale up activity in the sector. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews and synthesises key published research into commercial property retrofitting in the UK and USA and also draws on policy and practice from the EU and Australia. Findings – The paper provides a definition of “retrofit”, and compares and contrasts this with “refurbishment” and “renovation” in an international context. The paper summarises key findings from recent research and suggests that there are a number of policy and practice measures which need to be implemented in the UK for commercial retrofitting to succeed at scale. These include improved funding vehicles for retrofit; better transparency in actual energy performance; and consistency in measurement, verification and assessment standards. Practical implications – Policy and practice in the UK needs to change if large-scale commercial property retrofit is to be rolled out successfully. This requires mandatory legislation underpinned by incentives and penalties for non-compliance. Originality/value – This paper synthesises recent research to provide a set of policy and practice recommendations which draw on international experience, and can assist on implementation in the UK.

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Jacobs, E. P., N. K. H. Strohwald, D. Koen, and R. D. Sanderson. "Design and Application of a Low-Molecular-Mass Cut-Off Poly (Ether Sulphone) Membrane." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 10 (May 1, 1992): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0261.

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Low-molecular-mass cut-off tubular ultrafiltration membranes have been developed at the Institute for Polymer Science at the University of Stellenbosch; the compositions and the manufacturing methods are such that these membranes can be made commercially on an industrial scale. Three membranes were designed which gave performances comparable to those of other commercial membranes. The development work comprised detailed studies of the mechanisms of the phase-inversion process, of the solvents and non-solvents used in the gelation step, and of the factors influencing the actual physical production of the membranes. The technology of producing the membranes was successfully transferred to the commercial-scale operation and the membranes have been shown to be economically productive and to show promise in removing colour contamination from natural surface waters and from process streams in the sugar industry.

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Geuens, Maggie, Patrick De Pelsmacker, and Michel Tuan Pham. "Do Pleasant Emotional Ads Make Consumers Like Your Brand More?" GfK Marketing Intelligence Review 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gfkmir-2014-0007.

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Abstract Emotionally pleasant TV commercials are often preferred over merely factual ones. A large-scale study of Belgian TV ads confirms this notion and shows that such commercials also create more positive feelings toward the advertised brand. Interestingly, these effects depend on neither the level of involvement associated with the product category nor the type of product. Independent of the perceived creativity of the commercial or its informational value, emotionality had a significant impact on the evaluation of a brand. However, the effects were slightly more pronounced for products that align themselves with pleasure and experience than for functional products. Advertisers should therefore leverage the power of emotions not only because these ads are better liked, but more importantly because they lead to more favorable brand attitudes.

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Nienow, Alvin W., Mikkel Nordkvist, and Christopher A. Boulton. "Scale-down/scale-up studies leading to improved commercial beer fermentation." Biotechnology Journal 6, no. 8 (July 11, 2011): 911–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biot.201000414.

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Nehring, Mary, Sierra Pugh, Tina Dihle, Emily Gallichotte, Terry Nett, Eric Weber, Christie Mayo, et al. "Laboratory-Based SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Serologic Assays Perform with Equivalent Sensitivity and Specificity to Commercial FDA-EUA Approved Tests." Viruses 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010106.

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During early phases of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, many research laboratories repurposed their efforts towards developing diagnostic testing that could aid public health surveillance while commercial and public diagnostic laboratories developed capacity and validated large scale testing methods. Simultaneously, the rush to produce point-of-care and diagnostic facility testing resulted in FDA Emergency Use Authorization with scarce and poorly validated clinical samples. Here, we review serologic test results from 186 serum samples collected in early phases of the pandemic (May 2020) from skilled nursing facilities tested with six laboratory-based and two commercially available assays. Serum neutralization titers were used to set cut-off values using positive to negative ratio (P/N) analysis to account for batch effects. We found that laboratory-based receptor binding domain (RBD) binding assays had equivalent or superior sensitivity and specificity compared to commercially available tests. We also determined seroconversion rate and compared with qPCR outcomes. Our work suggests that research laboratory assays can contribute reliable surveillance information and should be considered important adjuncts to commercial laboratory testing facilities during early phases of disease outbreaks.

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King, Margaret E., and Beverly J. Keeling. "Breeding ewes using natural service or artificial insemination." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1986 (March 1986): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600015762.

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Artificial insemination of ewes has become commercially available in Britain on a small scale over the last few years. It allows the farmer to benefit from MLC recorded rams which have been selected for growth rate and more recently for carcass quality. However, proximity to an A.I. centre is an important consideration as A.I. of ewes requires the use of fresh semen. Frozen semen has not vet achieved the quality and reliability necessary on a commercial scale. Insemination is carried out at a fixed time after the removal of Intra-vaginal pessaries and an injection of Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin (PMSG). Synchronisation of oestrus using sponges and PMSG adds to the cost of using a commercial A.I. service. If A.I. is not used then one ram per ten ewes is necessary for a synchronised mating which either requires a ram sharing group or considerable financial investment if rams of equivalent quality to those used in A.I. centres are to be purchased.

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Francois, Joseph F. "Optimal Commercial Policy with International Returns to Scale." Canadian Journal of Economics 25, no. 1 (February 1992): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135718.

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Brinkhoff, James, Brian W. Dunn, and Andrew J. Robson. "Rice nitrogen status detection using commercial-scale imagery." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 105 (December 2021): 102627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102627.

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38

Brandt, Steve, Randal A. Goffe, Stephen B. Kessler, James L. O'Connor, and Stephen E. Zale. "Membrane-Based Affinity Technology for Commercial Scale Purifications." Nature Biotechnology 6, no. 7 (July 1988): 779–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0788-779.

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39

Blondin, P. "Logistics of large scale commercial IVF embryo production." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 1 (2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd16317.

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The use of IVF in agriculture is growing worldwide. This can be explained by the development of better IVF media and techniques, development of sexed semen and the recent introduction of bovine genomics on farms. Being able to perform IVF on a large scale, with multiple on-farm experts to perform ovum pick-up and IVF laboratories capable of handling large volumes in a consistent and sustainable way, remains a huge challenge. To be successful, there has to be a partnership between veterinarians on farms, embryologists in the laboratory and animal owners. Farmers must understand the limits of what IVF can or cannot do under different conditions; veterinarians must manage expectations of farmers once strategies have been developed regarding potential donors; and embryologists must maintain fluent communication with both groups to make sure that objectives are met within predetermined budgets. The logistics of such operations can be very overwhelming, but the return can be considerable if done right. The present mini review describes how such operations can become a reality, with an emphasis on the different aspects that must be considered by all parties.

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Dawkins, Marian Stamp. "Commercial scale research and assessment of poultry welfare." British Poultry Science 53, no. 1 (February 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2011.628640.

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41

MacDougall, S. "Strategic timing of commercial-scale tidal energy investment." International Marine Energy Journal 1, no. 1 (Aug) (September 3, 2018): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36688/imej.1.35-40.

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The many uncertainties in tidal energy conversion combine to form a significant barrier to raising private-sector capital. Mitigation and management of risk are essential if the industry is to attract equity investors. One way to manage the risk is through investment timing. The option to time an investment has value, which can be estimated. An analysis of an invest-vs-delay decision revealed a persistent, economicallyrational incentive to delay. Further inquiry identified a strategic rationale for delaying investment in tidal energy projects, given the uncertainty still present in the undertaking. As the largest sensitivity in the value of delay is the volatility of the investment’s expected cash flows, an investigation into the prevalent uncertainties was undertaken. This paper summarizes the real option valuation model. It then reports on results of a qualitative study of the predominant uncertainties facing developers and conditions that would help move the industry along. Predominant uncertainties reported revolve around technology reliability; site and resource knowledge; prospects for buildout; predictability of government policy and supports; prospects of off-take agreements; and supply chain capacity and costs. These are related back to the variables in the real option pricing model. The model is relevant for companies wishing to systematically evaluate timing options and communicate project value to the investment community. It can also be used by governments to evaluate the design of policies and financial supports in a way that is consistent with the priorities of financial markets.

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Tokunaga, Kanae, Clyde Tamaru, Harry Ako, and PingSun Leung. "Economics of Small-scale Commercial Aquaponics in Hawai‘i." Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 46, no. 1 (February 2015): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12173.

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Ríos-Mercado, Roger Z. "Assessing a Metaheuristic for Large-Scale Commercial Districting." Cybernetics and Systems 47, no. 4 (May 18, 2016): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2016.1182361.

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Marshall, S. W. "Work related injuries in small scale commercial fishing." Injury Prevention 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.2003.005058.

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B. A. Anderson, A. Sarkar, J. F. Thompson, and R. P. Singh. "COMMERCIAL-SCALE FORCED-AIR COOLING OF PACKAGED STRAWBERRIES." Transactions of the ASAE 47, no. 1 (2004): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.15846.

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Brazier, Eve J., Philip J. Hogan, Chiu W. Leung, Anne O’Kearney-McMullan, Alison K. Norton, Lyn Powell, Graham E. Robinson, and Emyr G. Williams. "Fulvestrant: From the Laboratory to Commercial-Scale Manufacture." Organic Process Research & Development 14, no. 3 (May 21, 2010): 544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/op900315j.

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Scott, J. D., and S. W. Simpson. "Electrical Nonuniformities in Commercial-Scale Slagging Magnetohydrodynamic Channels." Journal of Propulsion and Power 5, no. 6 (November 1989): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.51301.

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Sender, Leonard. "Driving NK cell therapy manufacture to commercial scale." Cell and Gene Therapy Insights 6, no. 7 (September 22, 2020): 1179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18609/cgti.2020.129.

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Zhang, Zhaoda, and Jin-Yan Tang. "ChemInform Abstract: The Commercial-Scale Production of Oligonucleotides." ChemInform 31, no. 22 (June 8, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200022269.

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Lal, M., A. K. Tiwari, G. N. Gupta, and Kavita. "Commercial Scale Micropropagation of Sugarcane: Constraints and Remedies." Sugar Tech 17, no. 4 (October 11, 2014): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-014-0345-y.

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