Journal articles: 'SBBs'

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Keith, Robert E., Michael H. Stone, Ralph E. Carson, Robert G. Lefavi, and Steven J. Fleck. "Nutritional Status and Lipld Profiles of Trained Steroid-Using Bodybuilders." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 6, no. 3 (September 1996): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.6.3.247.

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Fourteen trained male anabolic steroid-using bodybuilders (SBBs) (19-41 years) were recruited for the study. Three-day diet records were obtained from SBBs and analyzed. A resting venous blood sample was drawn, and serum/ plasma was subsequently analyzed for various nutritionally related factors. Results showed that mean dietary energy (4,469 ± 1,406 kcal), protein (252 ± 109 g), and vitamin and mineral intakes of SBBs greatly exceeded U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowances. Dietary cholesterol intake was 2.8 times the recommended levels. Mean serum/plasma nutrient concentrations of SBBs were within normal range. However, individual SBBs had a number of serum/ plasma values outside of the normal or recommended range, the most notable of which was hypercalcemia, which was present in 42% of SBBs. Serum/plasma lipids were such as to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in these subjects.

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Dunne, Peter G. "Positive Liquidity Spillovers from Sovereign Bond-Backed Securities." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 2 (April 9, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12020058.

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This paper contributes to the debate concerning the benefits and disadvantages of introducing a European Sovereign Bond-Backed Securitisation (SBBS) to address the need for a common safe asset that would break destabilising bank-sovereign linkages. The analysis focuses on assessing the effectiveness of hedges incurred while making markets in individual euro area sovereign bonds by taking offsetting positions in one or more of the SBBS tranches. Tranche yields are estimated using a simulation approach. This involves the generation of sovereign defaults and allocation of the combined credit risk premium of all the sovereigns, at the end of each day, to the SBBS tranches according to the seniority of claims under the proposed securitisation. Optimal hedging with SBBS is found to reduce risk exposures substantially in normal market conditions. In volatile conditions, hedging is not very effective but leaves dealers exposed to mostly idiosyncratic risks. These remaining risks largely disappear if dealers are diversified in providing liquidity across country-specific secondary markets and SBBS tranches. Hedging each of the long positions in a portfolio of individual sovereigns results in a risk exposure as low as that borne by holding the safest individual sovereign bond (the Bund).

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Tian, Li-min, Yue-feng Kou, and Ji-ping Hao. "Flexural behavior of sprayed lightweight composite mortar-original bamboo composite beams: Experimental study." BioResources 14, no. 1 (November 28, 2018): 500–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.1.500-517.

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To study the flexural behavior of a composite beam, original single and double bamboo beams (SBBs and DBBs, respectively) and sprayed lightweight composite mortar-original bamboo composite beams (SCBs and DCBs) were designed and subjected to a four-point bending test based on the moisture content of the original bamboo. The failure modes, bearing capacity, and initial flexural rigidity of all of the beams were analyzed. Also, the strengthening effect of the lightweight composite mortar on the flexural behavior was studied. The results showed that a higher moisture content in the bamboo degraded the anti-slip property of the bond interface between the lightweight composite mortar and bamboo. The moisture content of the bamboo should be kept at approximately 20% before spraying. The initial flexural rigidity and bearing capacity of the DBBs were approximately 2.5 times and twice that of the SBBs, respectively. The initial flexural rigidities of the SCBs and DCBs were approximately 3.8 and 5.7 times that of the SBBs and DBBs, respectively. The ultimate load bearing capacity of the composite beams was approximately 1.5 times that of the original bamboo beams. It was shown that the lightweight composite mortar had a remarkable strengthening effect on the flexural behavior of the original bamboo.

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LONTANO, M., M. PASSONI, C. RICONDA, V. T. TIKHONCHUK, and S. WEBER. "Electromagnetic solitary waves in the saturation regime of stimulated Brillouin backscattering." Laser and Particle Beams 24, no. 1 (March 2006): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034606060198.

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Recent particle-in-cell simulations of the stimulated Brillouin backscattering (SBBS) of electromagnetic radiation have shown that even at sub-relativistic intensities (Iλ2 = 1016 Wμm2/cm2) non-drifting solitary waves, “solitons” for short, are easily produced, and remain almost unchanged all along the simulation time, typically for several thousands of optical cycles. They appear in the form of stable local concentrations of electromagnetic radiation trapped inside quasi-neutral density holes. The plasma density inhomogeneity associated with their presence disrupts the resonant SBBS amplification. The cavitation process is accompanied by strong electron and ion heating. The physical characteristics of such solitons are discussed and they are compared with the theoretical predictions of an analytical model for localized solution of the Maxwell equations in warm plasma.

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Sun, Qiushi, Shuo Yao, Bing Liu, Xinyao Liu, Guanghua Li, Xiaoyang Liu, and Yunling Liu. "A novel polyhedron-based metal–organic framework with high performance for gas uptake and light hydrocarbon separation." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 14 (2018): 5005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt04622g.

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A novel Zn-PMOF with high density of OMSs and LBSs was successfully assembled by the SBBs strategy and exhibited high performance for the capture and separation of CO₂ and C₃H₈ over CH₄.

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N. Ferreira, Lucas, Lili Mou, Jim Whitehead, and Levi H. S. Lelis. "Controlling Perceived Emotion in Symbolic Music Generation with Monte Carlo Tree Search." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 18, no. 1 (October 11, 2022): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v18i1.21960.

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This paper presents a new approach for controlling emotion in symbolic music generation with Monte Carlo Tree Search. We use Monte Carlo Tree Search as a decoding mechanism to steer the probability distribution learned by a language model towards a given emotion. At every step of the decoding process, we use Predictor Upper Confidence for Trees (PUCT) to search for sequences that maximize the average values of emotion and quality as given by an emotion classifier and a discriminator, respectively. We use a language model as PUCT's policy and a combination of the emotion classifier and the discriminator as its value function. To decode the next token in a piece of music, we sample from the distribution of node visits created during the search. We evaluate the quality of the generated samples with respect to human-composed pieces using a set of objective metrics computed directly from the generated samples. We also perform a user study to evaluate how human subjects perceive the generated samples' quality and emotion. We compare PUCT against Stochastic Bi-Objective Beam Search (SBBS) and Conditional Sampling (CS). Results suggest that PUCT outperforms SBBS and CS in almost all metrics of music quality and emotion.

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Hyser, Matthew J., Daniel Vanuno, Asha Mallesh, Karen Dill, Joseph Calandra, Tom Cronin, Janis Atkinson, and Myles Cunningham. "Changing Patterns of Care for Occult Breast Lesions in a Community Teaching Hospital." American Surgeon 66, no. 5 (May 2000): 438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480006600504.

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We performed a retrospective analysis of 384 consecutive stereotactic breast biopsies (SBBs) from March 1995 through January 1999 and compared it with our historical breast biopsy experience. Two hundred forty-four patients underwent biopsies for microcalcifications and 135 patients for abnormal mammographic densities. Pathology diagnoses included 302 patients with benign disease, 35 patients with atypical ductal hyperplasia, 4 patients with lobular carcinoma in situ, 29 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ, and 9 patients with invasive breast cancer. These diagnostic rates were compared with our prior needle-localized pathology findings. For the study period, the number of mammograms, open biopsies, and needle-localized biopsies remained stable. The number of SBBs, however, increased progressively in every year. Medicare reimbursement for SBB was $921.19, and for breast biopsy after needle localization, $1566.22. Our study strongly suggests that the availability of SBB has significantly lowered the threshold for recommending biopsy of abnormal mammograms. The increased utilization of SBB almost certainly indicates an increase in the overall cost of breast care. This cost must be balanced against substantial potential benefits of this minimally invasive technique: possible earlier diagnosis of atypical and precancerous lesions, patient reassurance in cases of uncertain mammographic interpretation, and a reduced need for follow-up of indeterminate mammograms.

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Jasper, Unyime, Lalit Yadav, Joanne Dollard, Agathe Daria Jadczak, Solomon Yu, and Renuka Visvanathan. "Sedentary Behaviour in Hospitalised Older People: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 14, 2020): 9359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249359.

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Background: Sedentary behaviour (SB) can delay hospitalised older adults’ recovery from acute illness and injuries. Currently, there is no synthesis of evidence on SB among hospitalised older people. This scoping review aimed to identify and map existing literature on key aspects of SB among hospitalised older adults, including the prevalence, measurement and intervention strategies for SB and sedentary behaviour bouts (SBBs) as well as healthcare professionals, patients and carers’ perspectives on interventions. Methods and analysis: Several electronic databases were searched between January 2001 and September 2020. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework was used to conduct this scoping review. Results: Out of 1824 articles, 21 were included comprising 16 observational studies, 3 randomised controlled trials, 1 comparative study, and 1 phase-1 dose-response study. The sample size ranged from 13 to 393, with all 1435 participants community-dwelling before hospitalisation. Only two studies focused on measuring SB and SBBs as a primary outcome, with others (n = 19) reporting SB and SBB as a sub-set of physical activity (PA). Older adults spent an average of 86.5%/day (20.8 h) sedentary. Most studies (n = 15 out of 21) measured SB and SBB using objective tools. Conclusion: Hospitalised older people spent most of their waking hours sedentary. Studies explicitly focused on SB and SBB are lacking, and the perspectives of patients, carers and healthcare professionals are not clarified. Future hospital-based studies should focus on interventions to reduce SB and SBB, and the perspectives of healthcare professionals, patients and carers’ taken into account.

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Knowles, Simon R., and Jason Skues. "Development and validation of the Shy Bladder and Bowel Scale (SBBS)." Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 45, no. 4 (May 23, 2016): 324–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2016.1178800.

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Fan, Yongkai, Guanqun Zhao, Xia Lei, Wei Liang, Kuan-Ching Li, Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo, and Chunsheng Zhu. "SBBS: A Secure Blockchain-Based Scheme for IoT Data Credibility in Fog Environment." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8, no. 11 (June 1, 2021): 9268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2021.3057045.

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Wang, GuiPing, ShuYu Chen, MingWei Lin, and XiaoWei Liu. "SBBS: A sliding blocking algorithm with backtracking sub-blocks for duplicate data detection." Expert Systems with Applications 41, no. 5 (April 2014): 2415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.09.040.

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Kounkel, Marina, Kevin R. Covey, Keivan G. Stassun, Adrian M. Price-Whelan, Jon Holtzman, Drew Chojnowski, Penélope Longa-Peña, et al. "Double-lined Spectroscopic Binaries in the APOGEE DR16 and DR17 Data." Astronomical Journal 162, no. 5 (October 8, 2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac1798.

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Abstract APOGEE spectra offer ≲1 km s−1 precision in the measurement of stellar radial velocities. This holds even when multiple stars are captured in the same spectrum, as happens most commonly with double-lined spectroscopic binaries (SB2s), although random line-of-sight alignments of unrelated stars can also occur. We develop a code that autonomously identifies SB2s and higher order multiples in the APOGEE spectra, resulting in 7273 candidate SB2s, 813 SB3s, and 19 SB4s. We estimate the mass ratios of binaries, and for a subset of these systems with a sufficient number of measurements we perform a complete orbital fit, confirming that most systems with periods of <10 days have circularized. Overall, we find an SB2 fraction (F SB2) ∼ 3% among main-sequence dwarfs, and that there is not a significant trend in F SB2 with temperature of a star. We are also able to recover a higher F SB2 in sources with lower metallicity, however there are some observational biases. We also examine light curves from TESS to determine which of these spectroscopic binaries are also eclipsing. Such systems, particularly those that are also pre- and post-main sequence, are good candidates for a follow-up analysis to determine their masses and temperatures.

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Chen, Zhiwei, Youjun Lu, and Yuetong Zhao. "Constraining the Origin of Stellar Binary Black Hole Mergers by Detections of Their Lensed Host Galaxies and Gravitational Wave Signals." Astrophysical Journal 940, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac98b7.

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Abstract A significant number of stellar binary black hole (sBBH) mergers may be lensed and detected by the third generation of gravitational wave (GW) detectors. Their lensed host galaxies may be detectable, which would thus help to accurately localize these sources and provide a new approach to study the origin of sBBHs. In this paper, we investigate the detectability of lensed host galaxies for lensed sBBH mergers. We find that the detection fraction of galaxies hosting lensed GW events can be significantly different for a survey with a given limiting magnitude if sBBHs are produced by different mechanisms, such as the evolution of massive binary stars, dynamical interactions in dense star clusters, and production assisted by active galactic nuclei or massive black holes. Furthermore, we illustrate that the statistical spatial distributions of those lensed sBBHs in their hosts resulting from different sBBH formation channels can differ. Therefore, with the third generation of GW detectors and future large-scale galaxy surveys, it is possible to independently constrain the origin of sBBHs via the detection fraction of those lensed events with identifiable lensing host signatures and/or even to constrain the fractional contributions from different sBBH formation mechanisms.

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Chen, Ying-Pin, Tian-Fu Liu, Stephen Fordham, and Hong-Cai Zhou. "Crystal engineering on superpolyhedral building blocks in metal–organic frameworks applied in gas adsorption." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 71, no. 6 (November 7, 2015): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205252061501584x.

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Two metal–organic frameworks [PCN-426(Ni) and PCN-427(Cu)] have been designed and synthesized to investigate the structure predictability using a SBB (supermolecular building blocks) approach. Tetratopic ligands featuring 120° angular carboxylate moieties were coordinated with a [Ni3(μ3-O)] cluster and a [Cu2O2] unit, respectively. As topologically predicted, 4-connected networks with square coordination adopted the nbo net for the Ni-MOF and ssb net for the Cu-MOF. PCN-426(Ni) was augmented with 12-connected octahedral SBBs, while PCN-427(Cu) was constructed with tetragonal open channels. After a CO2 supercritical drying procedure, the PCN-426(Ni) possessed a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area as high as 3935 m2 g−1 and impressively high N2 uptake of 1500 cm3 g−1. This work demonstrates the generalization of the SBB strategy, finding an alternative to inconvenient synthetic processes to achieve the desired structural features.

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Prosser, David. "Suicides by Burning in England and Wales." British Journal of Psychiatry 168, no. 2 (February 1996): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.2.175.

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BackgroundThe aim was to examine suicides by burning (SBB) occurring in England and Wales.MethodThe method was a retrospective case note examination of death certificates, coroners' inquest notes and GP notes for all SBBs registered in 1991 by OPCS in England and Wales, and an examination of SBB statistics from 1979–1992.ResultsIn 24% of cases the incident involved others either as intended or actual victims or as witnesses, and three distinct groups (Asian-born women, schizophrenics, and homicide–suicides) were over-represented. The majority were not in contact with current psychiatric services, and 43% had never had contact with psychiatric services. There was no trend in SBB compared to other suicides in 1979–1992.ConclusionsWhile SBB may be associated with Asian-born women, homicide–suicide and schizophrenia, the majority of cases did not have these characteristics, and the overall psychiatric contact rate was similar to suicide by unspecified means.

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Nouar, Farid, Jarrod F. Eubank, Till Bousquet, Lukasz Wojtas, Michael J. Zaworotko, and Mohamed Eddaoudi. "Supermolecular Building Blocks (SBBs) for the Design and Synthesis of Highly Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks." Journal of the American Chemical Society 130, no. 6 (February 2008): 1833–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja710123s.

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Song, Zhiwen, Chao Liu, Yazhi Luan, Yapeng Qi, and Ailing Xu. "Effect of Zero Water Exchange Systems for Litopenaeus vannamei Using Sponge Biocarriers to Control Inorganic Nitrogen and Suspended Solids Simultaneously." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021271.

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The traditional shrimp farming mode, which mainly uses water exchange to dilute toxic nitrogenous compounds, not only brings risks of disease infections and outbreaks but also results in waste of water resources and has a negative impact on the environment. In this study, zero water exchange systems for Litopenaeus vannamei were constructed by using sponge biocarriers with precultured biofilms (SBBFs), and the effect of SBBFs on controlling inorganic nitrogen, suspended solids and on the performance of L. vannamei was determined. The experiment consisted of four treatments: (1) SBC (control, SB 5% (v/v) + aeration); (2) SBBF2.5a (SBBF 2.5% (v/v) + aeration); (3) SBBF5a (SBBF 5% (v/v) + aeration); and (4) SBBF5 (SBBF 5% (v/v)). The results showed that the concentrations of TAN and NO2−-N in the SBBF treatments were significantly lower than those in the SBC treatments, while the SBBF treatments registered higher NO3−-N concentrations. After the adsorbates were removed by regular cleaning to regenerate the adsorption capacity of the SBs, the turbidity was reduced by 47.8%~71.5%. The shrimp grown in the SBBF treatments exhibited a higher mean final weight, survival and productivity than those grown in the SBC treatments. This work found that the use of SBBFs can maintain the low levels of TAN, NO2−-N and suspended solids while improving the performance of the L. vannamei under the strict requirement of zero water exchange.

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Kuoch, Kenley L. J., Denny Meyer, David W. Austin, and Simon R. Knowles. "Development and Validation of the Bladder and Bowel Incontinence Phobia Severity Scale." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 33, no. 4 (September 30, 2019): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.33.4.271.

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The current research investigates the development and validation of the Bladder and Bowel Incontinence Phobia Severity Scale (BBIPSS). Over two studies, two independent samples consisting of university students and respondents from the general public were used to validate the scale (study 1 n = 226; study 2 n = 377). A 15-item, two-factor model was confirmed in study 2 where strong construct (convergent and divergent) validity was demonstrated. The BBIPSS did not display significant correlations with openness and gender (divergent validity) and displayed significant correlations with depression, anxiety, and stress scores (DASS), alongside paruresis and parcopresis scores (Shy Bladder and Bowel Scale [SBBS]; convergent validity) and the Bowel and Bladder-Control Anxiety Scale [BoBCAtS]. The BBIPSS also demonstrated strong test–retest reliability (bladder r = 0.89; bowel r = 0.86) in a small sample of adults (n = 13). Overall, this scale provides researchers and clinicians with a reliable and psychometrically valid assessment tool to measure bladder and bowel incontinence phobia severity.

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Cairns, Amy J., Jason A. Perman, Lukasz Wojtas, Victor Ch Kravtsov, Mohamed H. Alkordi, Mohamed Eddaoudi, and Michael J. Zaworotko. "Supermolecular Building Blocks (SBBs) and Crystal Design: 12-Connected Open Frameworks Based on a Molecular Cubohemioctahedron." Journal of the American Chemical Society 130, no. 5 (February 2008): 1560–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja078060t.

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SAKAE, Shuji, Shigeki TAKAYAMA, and Terumasa YAMASAKI. "Gel Formation of Poly[styrene-b-(1,4-butadiene-r-butylene)-b-styrene] (SBBS) by Kinetic Simulation." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 61, no. 5 (2004): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.61.315.

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Lu, Youjun, Liang Cao, and Yuetong Zhao. "On the host galaxy properties of stellar binary black hole mergers." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S338 (October 2017): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318003678.

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AbstractWe report our investigations on the host galaxy properties of stellar binary black holes (SBBHs) by implementing simple recipes for SBBH formation and merger into cosmological galaxy formation model. If the time delay between SBBH formation and merger ranges from Gyr to the Hubble time, SBBH mergers at redshift z < 0.3 occur preferentially in big galaxies with stellar mass M* > 2 × 1010M⊙ and metallicities Z peaking around ~0.6Z⊙. However, the host galaxy stellar mass distribution of heavy SBBH mergers (with total black hole mass >50M⊙) is bimodal with one peak at ~109M⊙ and the other peak at ~2 × 1010M⊙. The contribution fraction from metal-poor host galaxies (Z < 0.2Z⊙) to heavy mergers is much larger than that to less heavy mergers. If SBBHs were formed in the early universe, their mergers detected at z < 0.3 occur preferentially in even more massive galaxies with M* > 3 × 1010M⊙ and in galaxies with metallicities mostly >0.2Z⊙ and peaking at Z ~ 0.6Z⊙.

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Fong, Bernard. "IEEE International Workshop on System Biology and Biomedical Systems (SBBS 2020) Took Place in Taichung City, Taiwan." IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 10, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mce.2021.3061796.

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Chang, Ze, Da-Shuai Zhang, Tong-Liang Hu, and Xian-He Bu. "Microporous Metal–Organic Framework Based on Supermolecular Building Blocks (SBBs): Structure Analysis and Selective Gas Adsorption Properties." Crystal Growth & Design 11, no. 6 (June 2011): 2050–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg200043a.

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Grund, Sebastian. "The Quest for a European Safe Asset—A Comparative Legal Analysis of Sovereign Bond-Backed Securities, E-Bonds, Purple Bonds, and Coronabonds." Journal of Financial Regulation 6, no. 2 (August 13, 2020): 233–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jfr/fjaa009.

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Abstract The European sovereign debt crisis and, more recently, the COVID-19 pandemic have revealed the European Economic and Monetary Union’s fragility, which essentially emanates from the inherent tension between a single monetary policy and decentralized fiscal policies. To cushion economic and financial shocks and sever the sovereign-bank doom loop, different proposals to create a common public debt security have been put forward, although none of them has so far seen the light of day. Building on pertinent economic and finance scholarship, this article reviews four promising safe asset proposals from a legal perspective: Sovereign bond-backed securities (SBBS), E-bonds, Purple bonds, and Coronabonds. Rather than focusing on their feasibility under EU law or national constitutional law, this article compares the proposals from an investor perspective against the backdrop of the following formal and functional legal characteristics that render assets ‘safe’: governing law, dispute settlement forum, investor protection, and investor representation in sovereign debt restructurings. Against this backdrop, targeted recommendations on critical design elements of safe assets, with the aim of reconciling the economic policy objectives with the pertinent legal constraints, are advanced.

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Jo, Hyeonseong, Jaehyun Nam, and Seungwon Shin. "NOSArmor: Building a Secure Network Operating System." Security and Communication Networks 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9178425.

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Software-Defined Networking (SDN), controlling underlying network devices (i.e., data plane) in a logically centralized manner, is now actively adopted in many real world networking environments. It is clear that a network administrator can easily understand and manage his networking environments with the help of SDN. In SDN, a network operating system (NOS), also known as an SDN controller, is the most critical component because it should be involved in all transactions for controlling network devices, and thus the security of NOS cannot be highly exaggerated. However, in spite of its importance, no previous works have thoroughly investigated the security of NOS. In this work, to address this problem, we present the NOSArmor, which integrates several security mechanisms, named as security building block (SBB), into a consolidated SDN controller. NOSArmor consists of eight SBBs and each of them addresses different security principles of network assets. For example, while role-based authorization focuses on securing confidentiality of internal storage from malicious applications, OpenFlow protocol verifier protects availability of core service in the controller from malformed control messages received from switches. In addition, NOSArmor shows competitive performance compared to existing other controllers (i.e., ONOS, Floodlight) with secureness of network assets.

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Wantawin, C., J. Juateea, P. L. Noophan, and J. Munakata-Marr. "Autotrophic nitrogen removal in sequencing batch biofilm reactors at different oxygen supply modes." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 10 (November 1, 2008): 1889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.527.

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Conventional nitrification-denitrification treatment is a common way to treat nitrogen in wastewater, but this process is costly for low COD/N wastewaters due to the addition of air and external carbon-source. However, ammonia may alternatively be converted to dinitrogen gas by autotrophic bacteria utilizing aerobically autotrophically produced nitrite as an electron acceptor under anoxic conditions. Lab-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) inoculated with normal nitrifying sludge were employed to study the potential of an oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification-denitrification process initiated with typical nitrifying sludge for treating a synthetic ammonia wastewater devoid of organic carbon in one step. The ring-laced fibrous carrier (length 0.32 m, surface area 3.4 m2/m) was fixed vertically in a 3 L reactor. Two different air supply modes were applied:continuous aeration to control dissolved oxygen at 1.5 mg/L and intermittent aeration. High nitrogen removals of more than 50% were obtained in both SBBRs. At an ammonia loading of 0.882 gm N/m2-day [hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hr], the SBBR continuously aerated to 1.5 mg DO/L had slightly higher nitrogen removal (64%) than the intermittently alternated SBBR (55%). The main form of residual nitrogen in the effluent was ammonia, at concentrations of 25 mg/L and 37 mg N/L in continuous and intermittent aeration SBBRs, respectively. Ammonia was completely consumed when ammonia loading was reduced to 0.441 gm N/m2-day [HRT extended to 48 hr]. The competitive use of nitrite by aerobic nitrite oxidizing bacteria (ANOB) with anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (anammox bacteria) during the expanded aeration period under low remaining ammonia concentration resulted in higher nitrate production and lower nitrogen loss in the continuous aeration SBBR than in the intermittent aeration SBBR. The nitrogen removal efficiencies in SBBRs with continuous and alternating aerated were 80% and 86% respectively. Specific microorganisms in the biofilm were characterized using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AAOB) occurred side by side with putative anammox bacteria (cells hybridizing with probe AMX820) throughout the biofilm, though ANOB were rarely detected.

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Chen, Ju, Chang-Shuo Yan, You-Jun Lu, Yue-Tong Zhao, and Jun-Qiang Ge. "On detecting stellar binary black holes via the LISA-Taiji network." Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 21, no. 11 (December 1, 2021): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/21/11/285.

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Abstract The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) by ground-based laser interferometer GW observatories (LIGO/Virgo) reveals a population of stellar binary black holes (sBBHs) with (total) masses up to ∼ 150M ⊙, which are potential sources for space-based GW detectors, such as LISA and Taiji. In this paper, we investigate in details on the possibility of detecting sBBHs by the LISA-Taiji network in future. We adopt the sBBH merger rate density constrained by LIGO/VIRGO observations to randomly generate mock sBBHs samples. Assuming an observation period of 4 years, we find that the LISA-Taiji network may detect several tens (or at least several) sBBHs with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) > 8 (or > 15), a factor 2 − 3 times larger than that by only using LISA or Taiji observations. Among these sBBHs, no more than a few that can merge during the 4-year observation period. If extending the observation period to 10 years, then the LISA-Taiji network may detect about one hundred (or twenty) sBBHs with SNR> 8 (or > 15), among them about twenty (or at least several) can merge within the observation period. Our results suggest that the LISA-Taiji network may be able to detect at least a handful to twenty or more sBBHs even if assuming a conservative SNR threshold (15) for “detection”, which enables multi-band GW observations by space and ground-based GW detectors. We also further estimate the uncertainties in the parameter estimations of the sBBH systems “detected” by the LISA-Taiji network. We find that the relative errors in the luminosity distance measurements and sky localization are mostly in the range of 0.05 − 0.2 and 1 − 100deg2, respectively, for these sBBHs.

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Minařík, Robert, Jakub Langhammer, and Theodora Lendzioch. "Detection of Bark Beetle Disturbance at Tree Level Using UAS Multispectral Imagery and Deep Learning." Remote Sensing 13, no. 23 (November 24, 2021): 4768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234768.

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This study aimed to examine the potential of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the detection of individual trees infested by bark beetles in a multispectral high-resolution dataset acquired by an unmanned aerial system (UAS). We compared the performance of three CNN architectures and the random forest (RF) model to classify the trees into four categories: pines, sbbd (longer infested trees when needles turn yellow), sbbg (trees under green attack) and non-infested trees (sh). The best performance was achieved by the Nez4c3b CNN (kappa 0.80) and Safaugu4c3b CNN (kappa 0.76) using only RGB bands. The main misclassifications were between sbbd and sbbg because of the similar spectral responses. Merging sbbd and sbbg into a more general class of infested trees made the selection of model type less important. All tested model types, including RF, were able to detect infested trees with an F-score of the class over 0.90. Nevertheless, the best overall metrics were achieved again by the Safaugu3c3b model (kappa 0.92) and Nez3cb model (kappa 0.87) using only RGB bands. The performance of both models is comparable, but the Nez model has a higher learning rate for this task. Based on our findings, we conclude that the Nez and Safaugu CNN models are superior to the RF models and transfer learning models for the identification of infested trees and for distinguishing between different infestation stages. Therefore, these models can be used not only for basic identification of infested trees but also for monitoring the development of bark beetle disturbance.

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29

Li, Chuanqiang, Wenge Qiu, Wei Shi, Haibin Song, Guangmei Bai, Hong He, Jian Li, and Michael J. Zaworotko. "A pcu-type metal–organic framework based on covalently quadruple cross-linked supramolecular building blocks (SBBs): structure and adsorption properties." CrystEngComm 14, no. 6 (2012): 1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ce06384k.

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Liu, Min-Min, Cai-Yun Han, Ying-Lian Qin, and Xian-Ming Zhang. "Mn8@Na8 Cube-in-Cube SBBs-Based Heterometallic Coordination Network with Unprecedented (39.46)8 Topological Mn8(μ4-OMe)6 Cubes." Crystal Growth & Design 13, no. 4 (March 14, 2013): 1386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg400165v.

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31

Huang, Kai-Ling, Yu-Ling Liu, Ya-Ying Hsu, and Wen-Ling Kuo. "Retrospective Analysis of Clinicopathological Features and Familial Cancer History of Synchronous Bilateral Breast Cancer." Healthcare 9, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091203.

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Bilateral breast cancer is a strong predictor of BRCA 1/2 mutation and hence one criterion indicated for hereditary genetic testing. The purpose of this study is to assess the characteristics of synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC) and its association with personal and familial cancer traits. Patients diagnosed with SBBC in our institute between 1992 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed, and the information of clinicopathological features, personal and family cancer history were analyzed. Of the 307 SBBCs enrolled, the growing case number generally aligned with the regional breast cancer incidence after the era of population-based mammography screening. SBBC patients had similar cancer stages but worse survival outcomes than those in the standard scenario. A total of 42.0% had mixed pathological diagnoses, and 22.8% had discordant immunohistochemistry (IHC) subtypes from both sides, which contributed to treatment challenges. The correlation of SBBC with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome was strongly implied, as 20.7% of our SBBC patients with known familial cancer histories had HOBC-related familial cancers (breast, ovarian, or prostate cancers). These findings highlight the need for genetic counseling and germline mutation testing in patients with SBBC. Early PARP inhibitor treatment should also be considered in high-risk cases for outcome improvement.

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32

Vasminingtya, Dhora, Sajidan Sajidan, and Umi Fatmawati. "Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan Memanfaatkan Potensi Lokal untuk Meningkatkan Aspek Problem Solving pada Higher-Order Thinking Skills." BIO-PEDAGOGI 3, no. 2 (October 2, 2014): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/bio-pedagogi.v3i2.5330.

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This research’s aim is to increase the problem solving skill of the students in X-A of SMA Negeri Sragen Billingual Boarding School Gemolong academic Year 2013/2014. The matter is about Enviroment Pollution through Problem Based Learning application by using local area potention. This research is a class action research which consists of three cycles. Each cycle contains of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The research subject is the students in X-A of SMA Negeri Sragen Billingual Boarding School Gemolong academic Year 2013/2014. Data of research were obtained by test and non test technique. Data validation were used triangulation of methods and triangulation of observers. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive technique.The results of this research showed that according triangulation the average percentage for IDEAL problem solver. IDEAL problem solver design measured with performance assement consist of IDEAL process and IDEAL product. The average of IDEAL problem solver become value of problem solving skill for every student. The result of the research shows that the implementation of problem based learning increase the students’ problem solving skill that covers the IDEAL problem solver. The total average of IDEAL problem solver in the X-A class SBBS increased from 42,0 move up into 85,7 score. This research’s conclusion is the implementation of problem based learning can increase the problem solving skill of the students in of SMA Negeri Sragen Billingual Boarding School Gemolong academic Year 2013/2014 about enviroment pollution material. Key Words: Problem based learning, problem solving skill

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Taylor, G. B., C. Rodriguez, R. T. Zavala, A. B. Peck, L. K. Pollack, and R. W. Romani. "Imaging compact supermassive binary black holes with Very Long Baseline Interferometry." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S238 (August 2006): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392130700511x.

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AbstractWe report on the discovery of a supermassive binary black-hole (SBBH) system in the radio galaxy 0402+379, with a projected separation between the two black holes of just 7.3 pc. This is the most compact SBBH pair yet imaged by more than two orders of magnitude. These results are based upon multi-frequency imaging using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) which reveal two compact, variable, flat-spectrum, active nuclei within the elliptical host galaxy of 0402+379. Multi-epoch observations from the VLBA also provide constraints on the total mass and dynamics of the system. The two nuclei appear stationary while the jets emanating from the weaker of the two nuclei appear to move out and terminate in bright hot spots. The discovery of this system has implications for the number of compact binary black holes that might be sources of gravitational radiation. The VLBI Imaging and Polarimetry Survey (VIPS) currently underway should discover several more SBBHs.

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Fisher, J., K. P. Schröder, and Robert Connon Smith. "Volume-Limited Spectroscopic Binary Statistics." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 191 (August 2004): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100008460.

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AbstractWe derive the period (P), primary mass (m1) and mass ratio (q) distributions of the local population of field binaries by studying a volume-limited sample of 371 spectroscopic binaries (SBs) in the solar neighbourhood d ≤ 100 pc and Mv ≤ 4. The sample was collated using the Batten catalogue, data of R.F. Griffin and the Hipparcos catalogue. The SB2s are used to calibrate a Monte-Carlo approach to the q distribution of SB1s, giving a total q distribution confirming a peak at q ≈ 1. Completenesses and parameter-specific biases are also assessed. A substantial number of systems with intermediate to long periods are found which may have significant consequences for the mass-distribution of WDs.

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Cho, B. C., C. N. Chang, S. L. Liaw, and P. T. Huang. "The feasible sequential control strategy of treating high strength organic nitrogen wastewater with sequencing batch biofilm reactor." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 3 (February 1, 2001): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0126.

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The bio-kinetics and feasible sequential control strategy of treating high strength organic carbon and nitrogen wastewater were investigated by conducting the ABS manufacturing wastewater in a series of Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactors (SBBRs). The on-line ORP, pH, and DO monitoring parameters were applied to identify the feature-points when ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification ends. The carbonaceous matter removal kinetics in the anaerobic and aerobic reaction stages can be expressed by the Michaelis-Menten equation. High efficiency of organic carbon removal and organic nitrogen ammonification in the anaerobic stage can eliminate the substrate competition and activation inhibition to nitrifying organisms in the following aerobic stage. In the sequencing nitrogen removal processes, the producing time and system ORP values of these feature-points have good function relationships with the influent COD loading rates of SBBR, which can be integrated into a set-point (set-time and set-ORP) sequential control strategy of nitrogen removal. The automatic control operation results revealed ORP was one of the major control parameters of the sequencing nitrogen removal process in SBBR system and high overall removal efficiency were obtained.

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Sandrinelli, A., S. Covino, A. Treves, A. M. Holgado, A. Sesana, E. Lindfors, and V. F. Ramazani. "Quasi-periodicities of BL Lacertae objects." Astronomy & Astrophysics 615 (July 2018): A118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732550.

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We review the reports of possible year-long quasi-periodicities of BL Lac objects in the γ-ray and optical bands, and present a homogeneous time analysis of the light curves of PKS2155−304, PG1553+113, and BL Lac. Based on results from a survey covering the entire Fermi γ-ray sky we have estimated the fraction of possible quasi-periodic BL Lac objects. We compared the cyclical behaviour in BL Lac objects with that derived from the search of possible optical periodicities in quasars, and find that at z ≲ 1 the cosmic density of quasi-periodic BL Lac objects is larger than that of quasi-periodic quasars. If the BL Lac quasi-periodicities were due to a supermassive binary black hole (SBBH) scenario, there could be a tension with the upper limits on the gravitational wave background measured by the pulsar timing array. The argument clearly indicates the difficulties of generally associating quasi-periodicities of BL Lac objects with SBBHs.

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Ortiz-Castrillón, José Robinson, Gabriel Eduardo Mejía-Ruiz, Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano, Jesús María López-Lezama, and Juan Bernardo Cano-Quintero. "A Sliding Surface for Controlling a Semi-Bridgeless Boost Converter with Power Factor Correction and Adaptive Hysteresis Band." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041873.

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This paper proposes a new sliding surface for controlling a Semi-Bridgeless Boost Converter (SBBC) which simultaneously performs Power Factor Correction (PFC) and DC bus regulation. The proposed sliding surface is composed of three terms: First, a normalized DC voltage error term controls the DC bus and rejects DC voltage disturbances. In this case, the normalization was performed for increasing system robustness during start-up and large disturbances. Second, an AC current error term implements a PFC scheme and guarantees fast current stabilization during disturbances. Third, an integral of the AC current error term increases stability of the overall system. In addition, an Adaptive Hysteresis Band (AHB) is implemented for keeping the switching frequency constant and reducing the distortion in zero crossings. Previous papers usually include the first and/or the second terms of the proposed sliding surface, and none consider the AHB. To be best of the author’s knowledge, the proposed Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is the first control strategy for SBBCs that does not require a cascade PI or a hybrid PI-Sliding Mode Control (PI-SMC) for simultaneously controlling AC voltage and DC current, which gives the best dynamic behavior removing DC overvoltages and responding fast to DC voltage changes or DC load current perturbations. Several simulations were carried out to compare the performance of the proposed surface with a cascade PI control, a hybrid PI-SMC and the proposed SMC. Furthermore, a stability analysis of the proposed surface in start-up and under large perturbations was performed. Experimental results for PI-SMC and SMC implemented in a SBBC prototype are also presented.

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Nakata, Makiko, Sonoyo Mukai, and Toshiyuki Fujito. "Direct Detection of Severe Biomass Burning Aerosols from Satellite Data." Atmosphere 13, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 1913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111913.

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The boundary between high-concentration aerosols (haze) and clouds is ambiguous and the mixing of aerosols and clouds is complex in terms of composition and structure. In particular, the contribution of biomass burning aerosols (BBAs) to global warming is a source of uncertainty in the global radiation budget. In a previous study, we proposed a method to detect absorption aerosols such as BBAs and dust using a simple indicator based on the ratio of violet to near-ultraviolet wavelengths from the Global Change Observation Mission-Climate/Second-Generation Global Imager (GCOM-C/SGLI) satellite data. This study adds newly obtained SGLI data and proposes a method for the direct detection of severe biomass burning aerosols (SBBAs). Moreover, polarization data derived from polarization remote sensing was incorporated to improve the detection accuracy. This is possible because the SGLI is a multi-wavelength sensor consisting of 19 channels from 380 nm in the near-ultraviolet to thermal infrared, including red (674 nm) and near-infrared (869 nm) polarization channels. This method demonstrated fast SBBA detection directly from satellite data by using two types of wavelength ratio indices that take advantage of the characteristics of the SGLI data. The SBBA detection algorithm derived from the SGLI observation data was validated by using the polarized reflectance calculated by radiative transfer simulations and a regional numerical model—scalable computing for advanced library and environment (SCALE). Our algorithm can be applied to the detection of dust storms and high-concentration air pollution particles, and identifying the type of high-concentration aerosol facilitates the subsequent detailed characterization of the aerosol. This work demonstrates the usefulness of polarization remote sensing beyond the SGLI data.

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Ganapathi, Karthik A., Karyn M. Austin, Maggie Malsch, and Akiko Shimamura. "SBDS Protein Plays a Role in Ribosome Biogenesis." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.185.185.

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Abstract Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bone marrow failure, and leukemia predisposition. The majority of patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome harbor mutations in the SBDS gene. SBDS is a novel gene of unknown function and is highly conserved throughout evolution. Studies of the yeast orthologue, YLR022c/SDO1, suggest that SBDS may play a role in ribosome biogenesis. In support of this hypothesis, we have found that the SBDS protein shuttles in and out of the nucleolus. Previously we have shown that SBDS nucleolar localization is regulated in a cell cycle-dependant manner. We now find that SBDS nucleolar localization is also lost following exposure to actinomycin D, suggesting that SBDS nucleolar localization is dependent on active ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription. In cell survival assays, SBDS−/− patient-derived cells are sensitive to actinomycin D treatment relative to normal control cells. Introduction of the wild-type SBDS cDNA into SBDS−/− cells corrects their actinomycin D sensitivity, confirming that the observed sensitivity is SBDS-dependent. In contrast, SBDS−/− cells do not exhibit increased sensitivity to cyclohexamide, a protein translation inhibitor. Consistent with this result, SBDS protein co-localizes with ribosomal precursor subunits but not with mature polysomes upon sucrose gradient sedimentation. No differences in polysome profiles are observed between SBDS−/− cells and wild type control cells. Gel filtration studies suggest that SBDS associates into a complex with other proteins. SBDS co-immunoprecipitates with other nucleolar proteins involved in rRNA biogenesis. RNA immunoprecipitation studies reveal that SBDS also associates with the 28S rRNA but not the 18S rRNA. These findings support the hypothesis that SBDS plays a role in ribosome biogenesis

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Neri, Giuseppe, Giovanni Arpa, Camilla Guerini, Federica Grillo, Marco Vincenzo Lenti, Paolo Giuffrida, Daniela Furlan, et al. "Small Bowel Adenocarcinomas Featuring Special AT-Rich Sequence-Binding Protein 2 (SATB2) Expression and a Colorectal Cancer-Like Immunophenotype: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall." Cancers 12, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 3441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12113441.

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Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is a transcription factor expressed by colonic cryptic epithelium and epithelial neoplasms of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract, as well as by small bowel adenocarcinomas (SBAs), though at a lower rate. Nevertheless, up to now, only small SBA series, often including a very limited number of Crohn’s disease-associated SBAs (CrD-SBAs) and celiac disease-associated SBAs (CD-SBA), have been investigated for SATB2 expression. We evaluated the expression of SATB2 and other GI phenotypic markers (cytokeratin (CK) 7 and CK20, caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR)), as well as mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, in 100 SBAs, encompassing 34 CrD-SBAs, 28 CD-SBAs and 38 sporadic cases (Spo-SBAs). Any mutual association and correlation with other clinico-pathologic features, including patient prognosis, were searched. Twenty (20%) SATB2-positive SBAs (4 CrD-SBAs, 7 CD-SBAs and 9 Spo-SBAs) were identified. The prevalence of SATB2 positivity was lower in CrD-SBA (12%) in comparison with both CD-SBAs (25%) and Spo-SBAs (24%). Interestingly, six SBAs (two CD-SBAs and four Spo-SBAs) displayed a full colorectal carcinoma (CRC)-like immunoprofile (CK7−/CK20+/CDX2+/AMACR+/SATB2+); none of them was a CrD-SBA. No association between SATB2 expression and MMR status was observed. Although SATB2-positive SBA patients showed a more favorable outcome in comparison with SATB2-negative ones, the difference did not reach statistical significance. When cancers were stratified according to CK7/CK20 expression patterns, we found that CK7−/CK20- SBAs were enriched with MMR-deficient cases (71%) and patients with CK7−/CK20− or CK7−/CK20+ SBAs had a significantly better survival rate compared to those with CK7+/CK20− or CK7+/CK20+ cancers (p = 0.002). To conclude, we identified a small (6%) subset of SBAs featuring a full CRC-like immunoprofile, representing a potential diagnostic pitfall in attempts to identify the site of origin of neoplasms of unknown primary site. In contrast with data on colorectal carcinoma, SATB2 expression is not associated with MMR status in SBAs. CK patterns influence patient survival, as CK7−/CK20− cancers show better prognosis, a behavior possibly due to the high rate of MMR-deficient SBAs within this subgroup.

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Bitter, Thomas, Dieter Horstkotte, Olaf Oldenburg, and Henrik Fox. "Schlaf & Vorhofflimmern." Schlaf 03, no. 01 (2014): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1626081.

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Vorhofflimmern tritt bei vielen Patienten vermehrt im Schlaf und in den frühen Morgenstunden auf. Hier gibt es eine Assoziation zu schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen (SBAS). SBAS treten bei kardiologischen Patienten gehäuft auf, bei strukturellen Herzerkrankungen vermehrt als zentrale SBAS. Über unterschiedliche Mechanismen und Trigger können SBAS Vorhofflimmern auslösen und unterhalten, eine Therapie der SBAS reduziert die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Wiederauftreten von Vorhofflimmern.

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42

Scholten, Matthé, Laura Van Melle, Jakov Gather, Yolande Voskes, Guy Widdershoven, and Jochen Vollmann. "Opportunities and Risks of Self-Binding Directives: Results from Interview Studies with Stakeholders in Germany and The Netherlands." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Bioethica 66, Special Issue (September 9, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbbioethica.2021.spiss.108.

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"Self-binding directives (SBDs) are a special type of psychiatric advance directive in which service users agree in advance to (coercive) treatment they might late refuse during a mental health crisis. SBDs aim to empower and protect service users by enabling them to state their values and to plan their (coercive) treatment in advance in consultation with the treating psychiatrist. SBDs have been widely discussed in the ethics literature. Topics include ethical issues surrounding competence, revocation and the ethical justification of involuntary commitment and treatment based on SBDs. Little empirical research on SBDs has been conducted thus far. The Netherlands is to the best of our knowledge the only country with explicit legal provisions for SBDs. On the 1st of January 2020, the new Dutch Law on Compulsory Mental Health Care (Wvggz) entered into force. The implications of this law for the use of SBDs are still unclear. In this presentation, we will present insights from a qualitative interview study on stakeholders’ experiences with SBDs under the new law and their views on the ethical opportunities and challenges of SBDs. Based on the results, we give recommendations for the implementation of SBDs in other European countries. "

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43

Lombardo, Katie, Jason Stumpff, Susan Parkhurst, Linda Wordeman, and Akiko Shimamura. "Mitotic Spindle Dysfunction Promotes Genomic Instability In Marrow Failure." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.880.880.

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Abstract Abstract 880 Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder associated with bone marrow failure and leukemia predisposition. The majority of patients harbor biallelic mutations in the SBDS gene. The SBDS protein has been implicated in several cellular functions including ribosome biogenesis and microtubule stabilization during mitosis. We have previously found that SBDS deficiency results in multipolar spindles, centrosome amplification and aneuploidy, implicating a role for SBDS in cell division. The mechanism by which SBDS functions to ensure proper spindle assembly and DNA segregation during mitosis remains unknown. Here we present evidence that SBDS functions to promote mitotic spindle stability both by directly modifying microtubule dynamics and through a microtubule crosslinking activity. Importantly, the microtubule stabilizing effects of SBDS appear to be essential for the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Specifically, we found that SBDS deficiency resulted in shortened mitotic spindle length and decreased spindle acetylation, a marker of microtubule stability. The loss of microtubule stability in the absence of SBDS function may be due to changes in microtubule dynamics or reduction in microtubule crosslinking activity, as we found that addition of recombinant purified wild-type SBDS to polymerized microtubules in vitro increases their polymerization rate and strongly promotes microtubule bundling. Interestingly, recombinant patient-derived missense mutant SBDS proteins showed a marked decrease in their microtubule bundling ability. To assess whether spindle destabilization contributes to marrow failure, we modeled hematopoiesis in the absence of SBDS in vitro. When SBDS expression was knocked down in human CD34+ cells, proliferation, differentiation, and hematopoietic progenitor colony formation were impaired, consistent with published data on primary marrow from SDS patients. The addition of taxol at concentrations that significantly impaired hematopoiesis in control CD34+ cells resulted in stable to improved hematopoiesis in the SBDS-deficient CD34+ cells. Based on these data, we hypothesize that spindle destabilization by SBDS loss promotes genomic instability, which in turn, contributes to marrow failure and leukemia predisposition. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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44

Kwon, Soon Shin, Byung Jin Kang, and Jay M. Chung. "Performance of Option Based Strategy Benchmark Index." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 26, no. 2 (May 31, 2018): 183–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-02-2018-b0002.

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This paper develops “Strategy Benchmark Index (SBI)” using KOSPI200 options data from January 2004 to March 2017, and then investigates their performances. The SBIs were constructed in the same way as those published daily by CBOE. To effectively analyze the performance of these SBIs, we classified them into four types : (1) Return enhancement SBIs (six indices), (2) Volatility trading SBIs (two indices), (3) Directional trading SBIs (two indices) and (4) Other SBIs (two indices). The return enchancement SBIs include bechmark indices tracking the performance of various covered call strategies and put writing strategies, which are generally used to increase investment returns. The volatility trading SBIs include benchmark indices tracking the performance of well-known volatility trading strategies such as butterfly spread and condor. Benchmark indices tracking the performance of various types of zero-cost collar strategies are classified into the directional trading SBIs. Our empirical results are as follows. First, the risk-adjusted performances of nine SBIs of the total twelve SBIs constructed from KOSPI200 index options has been shown to be great. Second, from a portfolio perspective, some SBIs can be helpful to improve the portfolio performance of CRRA (Constant Relative Risk Aversion) investors. These results imply that passive investment strategies with KOSPI200 index options can provide additional benefits that both equities and bonds do not provide. Third, even when we use the traditional mean-variance framework other than expected utility theory to verify the economic benefit of the SBIs, our empirical results are found to be still valid. In conclusion, our results suggest that some passive investment strategies using KOSPI200 index options would be beneficial to long term investors.

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Austin, Karyn M., Rebecca J. Leary, and Akiko Shimamura. "The Shwachman-Diamond SBDS protein localizes to the nucleolus." Blood 106, no. 4 (August 15, 2005): 1253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-02-0807.

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AbstractShwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and bone marrow failure. The gene for this syndrome, SBDS, encodes a highly conserved novel protein. We characterized Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS) protein expression and intracellular localization in 7 patients with SDS and healthy controls. As predicted by gene mutation, 4 patients with SDS exhibited no detectable full-length SBDS protein. Patient DF277, who was homozygous for the IVS2 + 2 T>C splice donor mutation, expressed scant levels of SBDS protein. Patient SD101 expressed low levels of SBDS protein harboring an R169C missense mutation. Patient DF269, who carried no detectable gene mutations, expressed wild-type levels of SBDS protein to add further support to the growing body of evidence for additional gene(s) that might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease phenotype. The SBDS protein was detected in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of normal control fibroblasts, but was particularly concentrated within the nucleolus. SBDS localization was cell-cycle dependent, with nucleolar localization during G1 and G2 and diffuse nuclear localization during S phase. SBDS nucleolar localization was intact in SD101 and DF269. The intranucleolar localization of SBDS provides further supportive evidence for its postulated role in rRNA processing.

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Ganapathi, Karthik A., Karyn M. Austin, Chung-Sheng Lee, Anusha Dias, Maggie M. Malsch, Robin Reed, and Akiko Shimamura. "The human Shwachman-Diamond syndrome protein, SBDS, associates with ribosomal RNA." Blood 110, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 1458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-02-075184.

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Abstract Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, and leukemia predisposition. Mutations in the SBDS gene are identified in most patients with SDS. SBDS encodes a highly conserved protein of unknown function. Data from SBDS orthologs suggest that SBDS may play a role in ribosome biogenesis or RNA processing. Human SBDS is enriched in the nucleolus, the major cellular site of ribosome biogenesis. Here we report that SBDS nucleolar localization is dependent on active rRNA transcription. Cells from patients with SDS or Diamond-Blackfan anemia are hypersensitive to low doses of actinomycin D, an inhibitor of rRNA transcription. The addition of wild-type SBDS complements the actinomycin D hypersensitivity of SDS patient cells. SBDS migrates together with the 60S large ribosomal subunit in sucrose gradients and coprecipitates with 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Loss of SBDS is not associated with a discrete block in rRNA maturation or with decreased levels of the 60S ribosomal subunit. SBDS forms a protein complex with nucleophosmin, a multifunctional protein implicated in ribosome biogenesis and leukemogenesis. Our studies support the addition of SDS to the growing list of human bone marrow failure syndromes involving the ribosome.

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Capan, Ivana. "4H-SiC Schottky Barrier Diodes as Radiation Detectors: A Review." Electronics 11, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040532.

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In this review paper, an overview of the application of n-type 4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) as radiation detectors is given. We have chosen 4H-SiC SBDs among other semiconductor devices such as PiN diodes or metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures, as significant progress has been achieved in radiation detection applications of SBDs in the last decade. Here, we present the recent advances at all key stages in the application of 4H-SiC SBDs as radiation detectors, namely: SBDs fabrication, electrical characterization of SBDs, and their radiation response. The main achievements are highlighted, and the main challenges are discussed.

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Yamaguchi, Masafumi, Kingo Fujimura, Hanae Toga, Asim Khwaja, Naoki Okamura, and Rajesh Chopra. "The SBDS Gene Regulates Viability of Myeloid Precursor Cells and Is Associated with High ROS Production and Telomere Shortening in the SBDS Downregulated Cells." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1639.1639.

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Abstract Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and bone marrow failure. The SDS disease locus was mapped to chromosome 7q11 and disease-associated mutations were reported in the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome (SBDS) gene resulting in a truncated and inactive protein. SBDS is a member of a highly conserved protein family in diverse species including archaea and eukaryotes. It is widely expressed in many tissues and its function is still unknown. In order to investigate the function of the protein, we have established two stably infected 32Dcl3 cell lines, expressing two different shRNAi against SBDS. The downregulation of SBDS was confirmed by Western blotting with anti human SBDS antibody. The growth of 32Dcl3 cells was significantly decreased in cells with down regulation of SBDS cells when compared to that of cells stable transfected with a control shRNAi cells. The maximum cell density of mIL-3 dependent cell growth was about 50% in SBDS downregulated cells (2.9x105 cells/ml vs 1.3x105 cells/ml, respectively). The SBDS downregulated cells were sensitive to serum starvation. The Annexin V binding was same as control in the presence of 10% FCS. However, after exposure to 1 % FCS, apoptotic cells were much increased in SBDS downregulated cells(16.45±4.2% in control cells vs 25.19±0.2% in SBDS downregulated cells, p=0.036). Fas and Fas ligand was not detected in SBDS downregulated cells, and both Bcl2 and BclxL expression was same between the cells. To further characterize the potential mechanism for cell kill as a consequence of SBDS knockdown, we examined the telomere length by Flow-FISH. The telomere length of SBDS downregulated cells was significantly shorter than control cells after 2 weeks infection (13.3±2.85 kb in SBDS knockdown cells vs 15.6±3.19 kb in control cells, p=0.013. Cells were passaged 6 times after infection). In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of SBDS downregulated cells was much higher than control infected cells. This high ROS production correlated with the rapid telomere shortening, and predisposition of the cells to apoptosis. We also characterized the consequence of SBDS protein knockdown on neutrophil differentiation. Knockdown cells showed normal differentiation as defined by morphology and the neutrophil maturation markers, Mac1, CD11b but proliferation was decreased by 90%. In summary, we have an established SDS model cell line and have demonstrated that SBDS is not required for neutrophil maturation. After loss of SBDS, ROS production was increased, and high concentration of ROS resulted in increased sensitivity to apoptosis stage and abnormal telomere shortening. These data give insights into the pathways affected by loss of SBDS function, together with mechanistic hypotheses that can be tested in primary samples form patients with SDS.

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Myers, Kasiani C., Audrey Anna Bolyard, Jamie Leung, Joan Moore, Sara Loveless, Leann Mount, Richard E. Harris, et al. "The North American Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome Registry: Genetically Undefined Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3614.3614.

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Abstract Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an inherited marrow failure syndrome associated with exocrine pancreatic dysfunction and an increased risk of myelodysplasia and leukemia. The majority of individuals with SDS carry biallelic SBDS gene mutations, however a subset of patients remain genetically undefined. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of patients with and without SBDS mutations. To address these questions, we conducted a retrospective study of patients enrolled on the North American Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome Registry (SDSR). Clinical data from the SDSR were available for 55 individuals with biallelic SBDS mutations and 16 individuals who fulfilled clinical diagnostic criteria for SDS but lacked biallelic mutations in the SBDS gene. Study subject ages for SBDS mutation positive and negative cohorts span 2-52.4 and 2.8-21.4 years with median ages of 12.4 and 10.9 years respectively. Cytopenias were present for both SBDS mutation positive and negative cohorts, with neutropenia the most common event in 94% and 81% respectively. Bone marrow hypocellularity was reported in 91% of those with SBDS mutations and 69% of those without. Marrow dysplasia was reported in 65% of those with SBDS mutations and none of those without. Clonal abnormalities were present in 44% and 25% of those with and without SBDS mutations with median age of initial appearance at 9 years (0.8-45.1) and 7 years (1.2-14) respectively. Abnormalities included del7q and del20q in both groups as well as iso7q, trisomy 8 and others in the SBDS mutation positive group. Clonal abnormalities were all transient in the SBDS mutation negative cohort. One SBDS mutation positive individual developed AML. None of the SBDS mutation negative individuals developed malignancy or progressed to require HSCT thus far. Pancreatic dysfunction determined by low serum trypsinogen or pancreatic isoamylase was similar in both cohorts 79% vs 80%. However, only 27% (15/55) of SBDS mutation positive individuals reported requiring enzyme therapy with 33% (18/55) documenting failure to thrive, in contrast to 75% (12/16) of SBDS mutation negative individuals with 73% (11/15) having failure to thrive. A broad spectrum of congenital anomalies were reported in 55% and 56% of SBDS mutation positive and negative individuals respectively, with skeletal anomalies being the most common in both groups. Medical comorbidities commonly reported in both groups included eczema and endocrinopathies. Elevated liver transaminases were seen in 27% of SBDS mutation positive individuals but this was not seen in the SBDS mutation negative cohort. Conclusion: Patients with genetically undefined (SBDS mutation negative) SDS share clinical characteristics with SBDS mutation positive patients; however, the risk of leukemia in the genetically undefined patients remains unclear due to low patient numbers with short follow-up. Further studies of this young cohort are required to inform medical management and to advance our understanding of genetic etiology, mechanism, disease pathophysiology and treatment of these marrow failure disorders. Disclosures Dale: Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

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Woloszynek, Jill R., Robert J. Rothbaum, Amy S. Rawls, Patrick J. Minx, Richard K. Wilson, Philip J. Mason, Monica Bessler, and Daniel C. Link. "Mutations of the SBDS gene are present in most patients with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome." Blood 104, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 3588–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-04-1516.

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Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome (SDS) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, bone marrow dysfunction, and metaphyseal chondrodysplasia. Recent studies show that mutations of SBDS, a gene of unknown function, are present in the majority of patients with SDS. In the present study, we show that most, but not all, patients classified based on rigorous clinical criteria as having SDS had compound heterozygous mutations of SBDS. Full-length SBDS protein was not detected in leukocytes of SDS patients with the most common SBDS mutations, consistent with a loss-of-function mechanism. In contrast, SBDS protein was expressed at normal levels in SDS patients without SBDS mutations. These data confirm the absence of SBDS mutations in this subgroup of patients and suggest that SDS is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. The presence (or absence) of SBDS mutations may define subgroups of patients with SDS who share distinct clinical features or natural history.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SBBs'

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