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Academic literature on the topic 'Saving path'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Saving path":

1

Garcia, Jose A. "Bit-saving path for progressive transmission." Optical Engineering 46, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 117001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2802151.

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Leo, Maxymillianus, and Muhadjir Anwar. "Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Menabung Pelajar SMAK." Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB) 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 1147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/jomb.v4i2.4642.

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This study aims to determine the factors that influence the interest in saving in SMAK Garum Seminary students, Blitar Regency. This research method is quantitative, this research is explanatory research. The population used in this study were students of SMAK Seminary Garum, Blitar Regency. The data analysis technique used in this research is PLS-SEMM using SmartPLS 3 for Windows 10 V3.2. and Microsoft Excel 2016. The results show that the financial literacy variable (X1) on the interest in saving (Y) has a path coefficients value of 0.842, and a P value of 0.000 < α = 0.05; b) the financial literacy variable (X1) on saving attitudes has a path coefficients value of 0.273, and a P value of 0.012 <α = 0.05; c) the subjective norm variable (X2) on the saving attitude variable (X3) has a path coefficients value of 0.473, and a P value of 0.000 < α = 0.05; d) the subjective norm variable (X2) on the interest in saving variable (Y) has a path coefficients value of -0.108, and a P value of 0.197 > α = 0.05; f) the saving attitude variable (X3) on the interest in saving (Y) has a path coefficients value of 0.207, and a P value of 0.011 < α = 0.05. In conclusion, financial literacy, saving attitudes, and subjective norms influence the intention to save. Keywords: Financial Literacy, Interest in Saving, Subjective Norm, Saving Attitude
3

Santosa, Jarot, Denny Mahendra, and Aris Tri Haryanto. "PENGARUH KEPERCAYAAN, PROMOSI DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUASAN DAN LOYALITAS NASABAH TABUNGAN PADA PD BPR BANK DAERAH KLATEN." EXCELLENT 6, no. 2 (December 6, 2019): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36587/exc.v6i2.591.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to know and analyze empirically influence of trust, promotion and product quality on satisfaction and loyalty of customer of saving in PD. BPR of Bank Daerah Klaten. The analytical technique used is by using instrument test which includes validity test and reliability test, linearity test, regression analysis, path analysis, t test, F test, coefficient determination test and correlation analysis. Hypothesis test results trust has a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Promotion has a significant effect on customer satisfaction of savings. Product quality has a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Trust has no significant effect on customer savings loyalty. Promotion has a significant effect on customer savings loyalty. Product quality has no significant effect on loyalty. Satisfaction has a significant effect on customer savings loyalty. The result of F test can be concluded jointly variable of trust, promotion, product quality, and satisfaction influence to customer loyalty of saving PD. BPR of Bank Daerah Klaten. The total R2 result of 0.890 can be interpreted as the loyalty of customers of PD saving. BPR Bank Daerah Klaten explained by the variable of trust, promotion, product quality and satisfaction of 89% and the remaining 11% described other variables outside the research model as an example location, service quality and infrastructure facilities. The result of path analysis shows that the influence of trust through satisfaction is the most dominant influence in influencing customer loyalty of PD saving. BPR of Bank Daerah Klaten. Keywords: Trust, Promotion, Product Quality, Satisfaction, Loyalty
4

Razi, Safwan, Husni Syahrudin, and Jumardi Budiman. "PENGARUH LITERASI KEUANGAN, UANG SAKU, DAN GAYA HIDUP TERHADAP MINAT MENABUNG MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI FKIP UNTAN." Jurnal Edukasi Ekonomi 7, no. 1 (December 4, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jee.v7i1.73038.

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This study aims to determine the effect of financial literacy, pocket money, and lifestyle on the interest in saving economic education students FKIP Tanjungpura University Pontianak. The sampel in this study amounted to 103 of the population of 157 students. This research method uses quantitative research with path analysis. The data collection technique used a questionnaire which was distributed to economic education students from class 2020 to 2022. The result of this study found that financial literacy has an effect on interest in saving whit a significant value of 0.628, pocket money does not have a significant effect on interest in saving whit a significant value of 0.336 and a path coefficient value of 0.115, and lifestyle does not have a significant effect on interest in saving economic education students FKIP Untan with a significant value of 0.387 and a path coefficient value of -0.098. Financial literacy through lifestyle affects the interest in saving of economic education students of FKIP Untan with a path coefficient value of 0.659. My money through lifestyl affects the interest in saving of economic education students of FKIP Untan with a path coefficient value of 0.160.
5

Alfiatin, Alfiatin, Yuniorita Indah Handayani, and Muhaimin Dimyati. "Pengaruh Marketing Mix Terhadap Keputusan Menabung Dengan Reputasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Bank BNI KCP. Univ. Jember." RELASI : JURNAL EKONOMI 17, no. 2 (July 28, 2021): 325–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31967/relasi.v17i2.490.

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This study aims to examine whether there is a product, price, place and promotion influence on saving decisions through reputation as an intervening variable. The population in this study are bank customers who have joined more than one month to more than two years BNI kcp Bank. Univ. Jember The sampling technique in this study uses the accidental sampling approach. The number of samples is 100 respondents. The analysis method used is the path analysis method using SPSS 22 software. The results of this study show that the marketing mix has an effect on reputation, and reputation has an effect on saving decisions. Products, prices and promotions affect the decision to save while the place / location has no effect on the decision to save. From the results of the path analysis, reputation is only able to be an intervening variable on the place / location variable on saving decisions. Keywords: Product, Price, Place, Promotion, Reputation, Savings Decision
6

HAINSWORTH, F. REED. "Precision and Dynamics of Positioning by Canada Geese Flying in Formation." Journal of Experimental Biology 128, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 445–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.128.1.445.

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A method is described for reconstructing perspective-distorted film images of geese flying in V formations to allow measurements of wing tip spacing (WTS, the distance between wing tips of adjacent birds perpendicular to the flight path) and depth (the distance along the flight path between birds). Measurements for eight formations are used to test for savings in induced power from wing placement in a vortex field generated by other wings, using the model of Lissaman & Schollenberger (1970) to estimate savings. The median WTS for 55 geese corresponded to an induced power saving of 36%, about half the maximum possible. There was considerable variation in WTS between and within formations. Some birds maintained WTS close to an optimum for saving energy; others maintained WTS with excessive gap. Birds at the apex and those at large depths achieved low energy savings. Savings were enhanced by periodic changes in flight direction in response to variations in the position of the bird ahead. Individuals in some formations adjusted WTS more rapidly when they were displaced a greater distance from the optimum, and some position adjustments appeared to reflect the distribution of savings predicted from vortex theory.
7

Irdawati, Irdawati, Abdul Rakhman Laba, Muhammad Yunus Amar, and Fauzi R Rahim. "Financial Literacy, Financial Technology and Saving Behavior." Proceeding of The International Conference on Economics and Business 1, no. 2 (November 22, 2022): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/iceb.v1i2.198.

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This research aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of financial literacy on saving behavior through financial technology as a mediating variable. Further, this research uses a quantitative approach with path analysis. This research picked millennial workers in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi, as sample of the research. Therefore, the results revealed that financial literacy directly has a significant effect on financial technology and saving behavior then, financial technology also has a significant positive effect on saving behavior. However, financial technology does not able to mediate the relationship between financial literacy and saving behavior significantly. This indicates that financial technology has not provided good facilitation for millennials, especially for helping them in looking the appropriate savings products their needed.
8

Zhu, Min Jie, and Jian Wei Zhang. "Optimization Study Based on the Mileage-Saving Method of Oil Distribution." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1805.

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In this paper,in view of the relationship between the distribution cost and the optimization path for oil distribution, based on the load limit of the vehicle scheduling, we tried to study the optimization path for oil distribution by the method of the mileage-saving. Keywords: Oil Distribution, Distribution Path, Distribution Cost, Mileage-saving Method
9

Sawai, Makoto. "Salvation Through Saving Others." International Journal of Asian Christianity 3, no. 2 (September 3, 2020): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25424246-00302008.

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Abstract Every year various disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, and floods hit Japan. In the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011, approximately 16,000 people lost their lives due to the tsunami and the consequent collapse of buildings. Voluntary groups and religious institutions came to affected areas from every part of Japan to help the recovery of those struck by disasters. Drawing on the idea of “path” that is so prominent in Asia, including in Japan, Tenrikyo and Islam teach their adherents the importance of voluntary activities such as hinokishin in Tenrikyo and ṣadaqah in Islam, as the sure path to salvation. Various motivations are found in the activities and reverential attitudes to God by the adherents in both religious traditions. In this paper, by paying attention to the relationship between religious doctrines and voluntary activities in Tenrikyo and Islam, I try to compare the characteristics of both from the viewpoint of “salvation,” according to the practice of comparative theology.
10

Chen, Hongwei. "A Review on Social Interaction Effects of Farmers’ Water-saving Production Behavior in Grain." International Journal of Education and Humanities 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/g1cwb082.

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This paper systematically combs through the relevant literature on the social interaction effects of water-saving production behavior of grain farmers, and puts forward the shortcomings. The existing related literature mainly includes research on social interaction and its evaluation system, research on the driving factors of water-saving production, research on the effects of water-saving production, and research on the enhancement path of water-saving production. The shortcomings of the existing studies mainly include the insufficient research on the influence of social interaction of water-saving production behavior of grain, the social interaction path of the spillover effects of water-saving production of grain has to be tested, and the research on the incentive mechanism of water-saving production of grain has to be improved.
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Journal articles Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Saving path":

1

Ogunniyi, Samuel. "Energy efficient path planning: the effectiveness of Q-learning algorithm in saving energy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13308.

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Includes bibliographical references.
In this thesis the author investigated the use of a Q-learning based path planning algorithm to investigate how effective it is in saving energy. It is important to pursue any means to save energy in this day and age, due to the excessive exploitation of natural resources and in order to prevent drops in production in industrial environments where less downtime is necessary or other applications where a mobile robot running out of energy can be costly or even disastrous, such as search and rescue operations or dangerous environment navigation. The study was undertaken by implementing a Q-learning based path planning algorithm in several unstructured and unknown environments. A cell decomposition method was used to generate the search space representation of the environments, within which the algorithm operated. The results show that the Q-learning path planner paths on average consumed 3.04% less energy than the A* path planning algorithm, in a square 20% obstacle density environment. The Q-learning path planner consumed on average 5.79% more energy than the least energy paths for the same environment. In the case of rectangular environments, the Q-learning path planning algorithm uses 1.68% less energy, than the A* path algorithm and 3.26 % more energy than the least energy paths. The implication of this study is to highlight the need for the use of learning algorithm in attempting to solve problems whose existing solutions are not learning based, in order to obtain better solutions.
2

Malavia, Marín Raúl. "A Pragmatic Approach to Modulation Scaling Based Power Saving for Maximum Communication Path Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8904.

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The interest in Wireless Sensor Networks is rapidly increasing due to their interesting advantages related to cost, coverage and network deployment. They are present in civil applications and in most scenarios depend upon the batteries which are the exclusive power source for the tiny sensor nodes. The energy consumption is an important issue for research, and many interesting projects have been developed in several areas. They focus on topology topics, Medium Access Control or physical issues. Many projects aim at the physical layer where the node's power consumption is optimized through scaling the modulation scheme used in node communications. Results show that an optimal modulation scheme can lead to the minimum power consumption over the whole wireless sensor network. A usual simplification in research is to target individual paths and not take into account the whole network. However nodes may be part of several paths, and therefore nodes closer to the sinks may consume higher amounts of energy. This fact is the chief motivation of our research, where modulation scaling over the nodes with more energy is performed in order to increase the lifetime of the nodes having lower energy reserves. Simulation results showed typical values of path lifetime expectancy of 50 to 120 percent higher than comparable power-aware methods.

3

Arnaud, Marion. "[Se] Protéger face aux incertitudes de l'avenir : une sociologie des retraité.es modestes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0026.

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La retraite est généralement conçue comme une institution qui incarne la réussite du modèle social français : les retraités forment une part marginale des bénéficiaires des services d’aide sociale, la France est le deuxième pays de l’OCDE à avoir le plus faible taux de pauvreté chez les personnes âgées, et en moyenne ce groupe jouit d’un niveau de vie supérieur à l’ensemble des actifs. Pourtant, depuis quelques années on sait qu’un tiers des retraité.es touchent des pensions mensuelles inférieures ou égales à 1000 euros dont 74% de femmes. Quel est l’état des inégalités dans la retraite ? Et quelle est réellement la situation sociale des retraité.es ? Alors que la littérature atteste de la réussite exemplaire de la politique des retraites à avoir éradiqué le phénomène d’indigence et de pauvreté structurelle des vieux travailleurs, comment comprendre l’existence de ce nouveau groupe social dont l’existence interroge les représentations sociologiques des formes contemporaines de la pauvreté ? A partir d’une méthodologie reposant sur quinze ans de recherche dont sept années dans le champ de l’expertise retraite ainsi que sur la réalisation d’une enquête menée par entretiens semi-directifs dans une campagne populaire en Occitanie, la thèse propose une sociologie de celles et de ceux que l’administration nomme les « retraité.es modestes ». Située à l’intersection de la sociologie de la socialisation économique, de la sociologie de la retraite et de la sociologie générale, elle propose une analyse compréhensive de la retraite conçue comme un dispositif de régulation des parcours de prévoyance individuels. Cette perspective repose sur un travail inédit de conceptualisation de la notion de prévoyance qui permet de livrer une étude empirique du rôle régulateur du dispositif dans les vies individuelles. En exploitant les entretiens menés auprès de 42 retraité.es et de 12 acteurs institutionnels engagés dans le champ de la vieillesse, la thèse montre ainsi comment le dispositif produit une régulation différenciée des parcours de prévoyance qui opère de façon invisible, corporatiste et familialiste aux échelles collective et individuelle de la vie sociale. Pour en évaluer l’influence dans les parcours individuels, trois phases ont été isolées (l’expérience de l’affiliation, l’expérience de la cotisation et l’expérience de la liquidation des droits) puis comparées dans le récit des expériences vécues des enquêté.es. Cette démarche permet d’identifier trois types de parcours de prévoyance qui permettent de comprendre comment le dispositif produit activement des inégalités sociales dans la vieillesse : le parcours de prévoyance socialisée des fonctionnaires et des salariés, le parcours de prévoyance patrimoniale des professions indépendantes et enfin le parcours de prévoyance familialiste des épouses et les mères. A partir de ces résultats, la thèse propose quatre pistes pour une évolution solidariste de la retraite
Pension system is generally known as part of the success of french welfare regime: marginal part of the beneficiaries of social assistance services are retired people, France get one of the lowest poverty rates among the elderly in OECD countries, and national statistics show this group has on average a higher standard of living than active people. However, for a few years a new trend appears showing one third of retirees earns €1000 or less for a monthly incomes's pension, and this situation concerns mostly women. What do we know about inequalities in retirement? And what is the social situation of retired people? While literature emphasizes the historical success of pension policy in eradicating indigence and structural poverty among old workers, what do the existence of this new social group says about French society?
4

Bushi, Enika. "The EU – No heaven: A Savior from Hell? Case study of Albania on its path to Europeanization." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2017. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/227/1/Bushi_phdthesis.pdf.

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In this study, the outcome of EU governance and thus Europeanization in Albania – in its path to accession - is to be analysed and its results explained. Albania, a candidate country to join the EU, has been praised for its constructive regional policy and, as a NATO member, is shielded from any security threat. Indeed, Albania has not historically had any inter-ethnic conflict, given the homogeneous population, nor has the country engaged in any direct war with neighbouring countries. Furthermore, its path to accession is not further restricted by unresolved bilateral issues with any countries in the region or an EU Member State. To a certain extent, it provides a clean slate for analysing the results of the double level game between the EU and gatekeeper elites. Thus, the study can be replicated to other candidate countries in the region, following any possible resolution of lingering bilateral conflicts. In Albania, as the EU has declared a halt to enlargement, has Europeanization too, hit the brake? I maintain that the domestic and international politics often entwine, and in the case of enlargement towards Albania I aim to elucidate when and how. The critical juncture and starting point of analysing EU Albania interactions was Albania obtaining EU candidate status in June 2014 when the politically lead European Commission was declaring a halt to enlargement. One main hypothesis is that in the presence of a vague commitment on the part of the EU, reforms will pay mere lip-service to Europeanization. I refer as well to other determinants of choice that inform the strategies of interaction between the EU and Albania. The candidate status sets the start of the analysis EU Albania interactions. The methodological approach I employ in this research is largely qualitative. I envisage a mechanism of intervening variables in a process which yields results of Europeanization in Albania, in order to offer an explanation of what happened and why. My resulting theory develops process tracing predictions and performs a root cause analysis dependent on a causal sequence and links between the contributing factors and the root cause(s). I perform this study by relying on historical and legal analysis as an inherent part of my argument. By explaining the development of EU institutions and EU modes of Europeanization vis-à-vis candidate countries, it is possible to infer causality through this type of analysis. Moreover, I supplement process tracing with other qualitative methods analysing official declarations, public speeches, political statements, and press releases of the main EU, Western Balkans’ and Albanian actors. I complete the analysis with semi-structured interviews with Albanian and EU Member States diplomats, along with insights from EU officials and experts both in Brussels and Tirana. My field research in Tirana has culminated in an original survey on Albanian public opinion, carried out from 5 to 19 November 2016, regarding the issues of concern for Albania and perceptions of the EU in the country. The study reveals only lip service is being paid to the concept of Europeanization. The domestic adaptation is not based on institutional compatibility or understood as ‘command’ and ‘compulsion’ that entail a hierarchical, asymmetric, top-down relation. Instead, the domestic adaptation is understood as a process to support mobilization for domestic reforms that have to be initiated from within, at the domestic level. The logic of Europeanization then becomes that of shaping beliefs at the domestic level. This study has confirmed that Europeanization, before a halt in enlargement, as a process, is dependent on socialization, a direct mode of Europeanization under the logic of appropriateness. These are largely shaped by their interactions where both parties come to have a clear understanding of the direction taken by their relation. The introduced causal mechanism is valid as there is a weaker relative dependence, in the presence of an inward-looking EU marred by internal challenges that has imposed a halt - a wait and see approach - on considering enlargement as a priority. The vague commitment on enlargement serves as an amplifier to strategic calculations on Level II, gatekeeper elites. At the same time, alternative flows of investments and/or money, coupled with the security shield of NATO, commands only a formal adoption of the acquis on the part of gatekeeper elites, but not its implementation. The EU on the other hand, will – within the limits of its toolbox – maintain a lenient policy to maintain gatekeeper elites on the negotiation table. Indeed, in Albania, reforms are adopted only nominally to get the country just ahead of the curve in its path to accession. Internally, Albanians struggle within a competitive authoritarianism where the sole concern of gatekeeper elites lies in gaining and keeping privileges by overtly resorting to political patronage. Democratic institutions are not enough to resist such practices. In fact, competitive authoritarianism flourishes in this paradox, where legislative loopholes, enforcement of patronage, co-option and corruption are all skilfully managed so as not to inspire a violent domestic dissent or external condemnation. The high leverage points to address Europeanization predicaments in the country remain to better the economic situation through international cooperation so that people are not concerned with making ends meet. Thus, setting the ground for better conditions to support a stronger and larger involvement of citizens in decision making processes. Empowering Civil Society remains a political imperative to answer the appeals of European citizens and to address the concerns of Albanians that yearn for progress in the path of Europeanization. The results of the public opinion survey I conducted in Tirana further underlines the bleak socio-economic and institutional situation in the country. Albanians struggle to make ends meet and harbour a deep mistrust toward their political system, both political parties and government. The exchanges and interactions between the EU and gatekeeper elites have largely resulted with the formal adoption of legislation but no effective implementation or track record. Arenas of contestation are largely corrupted and thus there is limited room for effective push back on competitive authoritarian practices that engulf public life. The EU may be entrenched in its internal dimensions and may have, for now, lost its appetite for enlargement, but the Albanians do still largely regard the EU positively both on political and economic levels and are optimistic about its future. Membership of Albania in the EU is still seen as beneficial for the country. Issues like Brexit or the purported weakening of EU influence in the world seem not to be a concern for Albanians. They are aware of the issues the EU is facing, like the migrant crisis and terrorism; Albanians have an understanding of the economic crisis the EU economy has undergone. The perception’s of Albanians on the challenges the EU is facing does not seem to be at odds with European results at the EU level. More should be done as the linkages of the EU in the region are ever weaker, the threat of democratic backsliding within the Union – with elections in France, Germany and the Netherlands - plus the vagueness of the accession perspective may put into question the EU’s role in championing democracy in the wider region. The EU has a large set of tools that can be used in the region, but they have to be used strategically, coherently and effectively, measuring steps towards the path of accession to be taken not too slowly, nor too fast. Postponing accession sine die, may undermine achievements in these past two decades and threaten stability in the region. The high leverage points – international economic cooperation and empowering civil society are good starting points. Moreover, the enlargement process should be renewed and rethought for the EU to be fully accountable to public opinion, but as well, to inspire progress in issues of concern to Albanians, and those concerning the wider Western Balkans’ region. In doing so, clarity of policy steps is necessary for to make any headway. The EU should set short and medium term goals to afford local and national politicians the opportunity to confront their constituency with results. The evaluation of the progress attained should aim for full transparency, moving away from a technical exercise to a politically accountable one. This is attainable by putting in place a diligent credible process which by setting and holding its ground inspires those reforms domestically and, most importantly, inspires their application for the concrete progress of society.
5

Menezes, Bruno Sousa de. "DinÃmica espaÃo-temporal em um fragmento de savana decÃdua espinhosa, semi-Ãrido do Brasil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6931.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
Em ambientes savÃnicos, a variaÃÃo na densidade de Ãrvores, devido à maior disponibilidade de umidade no solo, resulta em uma paisagem espacialmente heterogÃnea e altamente dinÃmica no tempo e no espaÃo. Assim, constituem locais ideais para testar o modelo de dinÃmica de manchas em metacomunidades. Comunidades ecolÃgicas podem ser vistas como sistemas dotados de mecanismos de autocontrole. Assumir as comunidades vegetais como sistemas implica em aceitar que elas obedecem a regras comuns que regem quaisquer tipos de sistema, seja ele biolÃgico ou nÃo. Dessa forma, as comunidades vegetais devem apresentar trÃs premissas principais: (1) apresentar caracteres estruturais e funcionais, ou seja, à possÃvel distinguir os elementos que a compÃem, descrever seu arranjo no tempo e espaÃo e identificar as interaÃÃes entre eles; (2) nÃo ser uma coleÃÃo desorganizada de elementos, mas ao contrÃrio, a maneira como as espÃcies co-habitam està estruturada de forma organizada no tempo e espaÃo e (3) ser uma construÃÃo decorrente da atuaÃÃo de processos temporais que atuam mantendo certa estabilidade temporal. Baseado nessas premissas analisou-se a dinÃmica espaÃo-temporal de parÃmetros estruturais (densidade e biomassa) da comunidade e de populaÃÃes presentes em um fragmento de caatinga visualmente conservado. As anÃlises foram realizadas em uma parcela permanente de 1 hectare, instalada na Reserva Natural Serra das Almas, CearÃ, em dois tempos distintos (2002 e 2008). Verificou-se que o nÃmero de espÃcies, a composiÃÃo e a densidade total do sistema foram praticamente constantes no intervalo de tempo analisado. Com isso, o tamanho das populaÃÃes pouco alterou e a estrutura da comunidade manteve-se estÃvel. Diante disso, a comunidade apresentou padrÃes de co-ocorrÃncia bem definidos, com tendÃncia de estruturaÃÃo por competiÃÃo de espÃcies. Espacialmente, ocorreram diferenÃas entre locais (parcelas) vizinhos, onde a composiÃÃo de cada um definiu quais apresentavam maior ou menor dinamicidade. O aumento considerÃvel da biomassa total da parte aÃrea, potencialmente resultante de regeneraÃÃo antrÃpica, demonstra que a comunidade analisada encontra-se em estado intermediÃrio da fase de regeneraÃÃo. Com base na heterogeneidade espacial registrada verifica-se que o que o modelo de dinÃmica de manchas pode ser testado em pequena escala para avaliar a dinÃmica da vegetaÃÃo de caatinga e, conseqÃentemente, inferir sobre a capacidade de suporte do sistema aos efeitos antropogÃnicos e distÃrbios climÃticos
In the savanna environments, the variation in the density of the trees, due to a greater availability of the humidity in the soil, results in a heterogeneous and highly dynamic landscape in time and space. So, they constitute ideal places for testing the patch dynamics model in metacommunities. Ecological communities can be seen as an endowed system of auto-control mechanism. Taking on the vegetable communities as systems, it implies in accepting that they obey the common rules which govern any types of system, either they are biological or not. This way, the vegetable communities must present three main premises: (1) presenting structural and functional characters, in other words, it is possible to distinguish the elements which are composed, describing its arrangement in time and space and identifying the alterations among them; (2) not being a disorganized collection of elements, but, on the other way round, the manner in which species cohabit is structured in the organized form in time and space and (3) being a building resulting from the acting of the temporary processes which maintain certain temporal stability. Based on these premises, it was analyzed the spatio-temporal dynamics of the structural parameters (density and biomass) of the community and present populations in a fragment of the conserved vegetation. The analyses were done on a permanent plot of 1 hectare, installed in the Serra das Almas Natural Reservation, Ceara, in two distinct times (2002 and 2008). It was verified that the number of species, the composition and the total density of the system were practically constant in the interval of analyzed time. Therefore, the size of the populations was little altered and the communityâs structure maintained stable. In the face of this, the community presented welldefined standards of co-occurrence, with tendency of structure for species competition. Spatially, occurred differences among neighbor places (plots), where the composition of each one defined which of them presented greater or smaller dynamicity. The considerable increase of the total above-ground biomass, potentially resulting from the antropic regeneration, demonstrates that the community analyzed finds itself in an intermediary state of the regeneration phase. Based on the spatially registered heterogeneity, it is verified that the patch dynamics model can be tested in small scale for evaluating the vegetation dynamics and, consequently, inferring on the capacity of the system support to the anthropogenic effects and climatic disturbances
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Thompson, Angela Myers. "Leaving Her Story: The Path to the Second Marriage in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and Middlemarch." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd593.pdf.

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Axelrod, Mark. "Saving Institutional Benefits: Path Dependence in International Law." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/628.

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This project considers the pace of change in international law, focusing on sources of evolution and stagnation. I attempt to determine why negotiators defer to existing law in some situations and not others. To that end, this study explores country preferences towards the status quo in international negotiations. I hypothesize that deference to existing international law is more likely under four conditions. First, countries that have experienced a decline in relative power should promote deference to existing international law. Second, declining powers that have allowed private access by their citizens to existing international institutions should have greater domestic political pressure to protect those arrangements. Third, this relationship should be particularly strong if interested citizens are able to participate (perhaps through the ratification process) in subsequent negotiations. Finally, more complex negotiations (i.e., those including more participants) should result in greater deference to existing international law. The project tests these hypotheses with statistical analysis on a random sample of multilateral treaties, as well as case studies of negotiation practices in the United States, India, and the European Union. The analysis supports all four conjectures, and notes interactions between them.
Dissertation
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Axelrod, Mark Lawrence. "Saving Institutional Benefits Path Dependence in International Law." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/628.

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Wang, Cheng-You, and 王呈佑. "A routing with extend lifetime, reliable path and power saving in OLSR Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75032015910240996199.

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碩士
元智大學
資訊工程學系
96
In recent years, many relevant studies have been presented for the routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANETs). However, most of them were seeking for an available shortest path; the issues of saving battery power had not been considered. In the network environment, Best Effort methods might cause some problems such as rapidly reducing the energy of partial nodes, increasing the packets delay time, the network overloading and the decline of transmission rate. Then, the overall network efficiency will be decreased. Besides, due to the dynamic changes of network topology, it has become an important issue to provide dynamic adjustment of Multipoint Relay for each path. This thesis proposes a mechanism to consider the remaining energy of a node and its velocity. Through periodically probing the velocity and the remaining energy of a multipoint relay node, each source node could select a better transmission path to utilize the power of all the nodes more balance,and the number of broke paths might be reduced. Our methods not only provide a more stable path for data transmission, but also extend the life time of the whole network.
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Lin, Wen-Chin, and 林彣瑾. "Study on Cognition, Attitude and Behavioral Path of Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction of a University in Central Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h5cp34.

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博士
國立彰化師範大學
電機工程學系
102
By questionnaire survey, this dissertation probes into university students’ current cognition and attitude toward energy saving and carbon reduction and conducts path analysis. The research tool is self-designed “questionnaire on cognition and attitude toward energy saving and carbon reduction”. First, 9 experts and scholars are invited to test content validity of questionnaires and conduct questionnaire pretest. The researcher revises the questionnaire, practices questionnaire survey, analyzes data and selects 1,665 university students by cluster sampling. There are 1,557 valid questionnaires. Data obtained are analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, One-way ANOVA and structural equation model. According to research findings, the results are as follows: 1. University students’ information sources regarding global warming and energy saving and carbon reduction are mostly from internet and teachers. 2. University students’ overall cognition of energy saving and carbon reduction is acceptable. Overall attitude and behavior are positive. 3. Parents’ education levels, colleges of study, environmental activities and volunteer participation experience have significant difference on overall cognition. 4. Different genders, colleges of study, and volunteer participation experience have significant difference on overall attitude. 5. Different genders, colleges of study, environmental activities and volunteer participation experience have significant difference on overall behavioral performance. 6. The prediction effect of cognition, attitude and behavior of energy saving and carbon reduction is significant. The results of this study can be used for the energy authority to implement energy saving and carbon reduction policies. Universities can also use these results to develop the lesson plans of energy saving and carbon reduction. By doing so, Taiwan may become energy saving and carbon reduction society in the future. Keywords: university students, cognition of energy saving and carbon reduction, attitude toward energy saving and carbon reduction, behavior of energy saving and carbon reduction.

Books on the topic "Saving path":

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1946-, Trump Donald, Perrucci Dorianne R. 1949-, and Trump University, eds. Trump University wealth building 101: Your first 90 days on the path to prosperity. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007.

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ECO, Northwest Ltd. Green building: Saving salmon, the environment, and money on the path to sustainability : opportunities for the Pacific Northwest. Eugene, Or: ECONorthwest, 2000.

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Fehr, Hans. Will China eat our lunch or take us out to dinner?: Simulating the transition paths of the U.S., EU, Japan, and China. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Abernathy, Penelope Muse. Saving Community Journalism: The Path to Profitability. University of North Carolina Press, 2014.

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Abernathy, Penelope Muse. Saving Community Journalism: The Path to Profitability. University of North Carolina Press, 2023.

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Abernathy, Penelope Muse. Saving Community Journalism: The Path to Profitability. University of North Carolina Press, 2014.

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Saving Community Journalism The Path To Profitability. The University of North Carolina Press, 2014.

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Shaikh, Heena, and Mohd Faiyaz SHAIKH. Saving Environment and Reducing Environmental Pollution Path. Independently Published, 2022.

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Margetts, Joy. Pilgrim: Will a Pilgrims Path Be His Saving Grace? THP Publishing, 2022.

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Jamieson, John. Perpetual Wealth System: Your Path to Systematic and Guaranteed Riches. Morgan James Publishing, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Saving path":

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Seidman, Laurence S., Kenneth A. Lewis, Winston W. Chang, and John Conlisk. "Increasing the Saving Rate: An Analysis of the Transition Path." In The Economics of Saving, 241–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3294-9_6.

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Falser, Michael. "Epilogue: Clearing the Path towards Civilization – 150 Years of “Saving Angkor”." In Transcultural Research – Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context, 279–346. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13638-7_12.

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von Weizsäcker, Carl Christian, and Hagen M. Krämer. "The Natural Rate of Interest and the Optimal Rate of Interest in the Steady State." In Saving and Investment in the Twenty-First Century, 17–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75031-2_2.

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AbstractThe “natural rate of interest” is the hypothetical, risk-free real rate of interest that would obtain in a closed economy, if net public debt were zero. It is considerably less than the optimal steady-state rate of interest, which is equal to the system’s growth rate. This holds for a very general “meta-model.” The fundamental equation of capital theory holds on the optimal steady-state path: T = Z − D, where T is the overall economic period of production, Z is the representative private “waiting period” of consumers and D is the public debt ratio. Prosperity is at least 30% lower at the natural rate of interest than at the optimal rate.
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King, Valerie, and Mikkel Thorup. "A Space Saving Trick for Directed Dynamic Transitive Closure and Shortest Path Algorithms." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 268–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44679-6_30.

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Li, Zhendong, Yingbo Huang, and Chunxi Yang. "Energy Saving Shipping Based on Path Point Speed Optimization in Complex Marine Environment." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 753–64. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6203-5_75.

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Li, Yang, Guo Chuang Chen, Zhang Xin, and Wang Chong. "Research on Low Carbon and Energy Saving Technology Path of Nuclear Power HVAC System." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 127–33. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8899-8_12.

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Lv, Renzhi, Jihu Zheng, and Peng Zhang. "Profit Path Selection for Passenger Vehicle Enterprises Under Energy-Saving Target Constraints—Based on Cost Benefit Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 211–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45043-7_23.

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Pazzaglia, Paola, and David Scaradozzi. "Escape from Tolentino During an Earthquake Saving as Many Lives and Cultural Objects as You Can." In Makers at School, Educational Robotics and Innovative Learning Environments, 275–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77040-2_37.

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AbstractIn the last five years, the Italian Ministry of Education has placed its focus on digital skills, recognizing them as fundamental and indispensable for the growth of future citizens in the information age. It has thus backed projects aimed at developing computational thinking and digital creativity at school. One of the highest-funded of such projects is “Più vicini al nostro territorio—Valorizziamo i monumenti di Tolentino … giocando con Scratch e App Inventor” (Closer to our territory—appreciating the value of Tolentino’s monuments … while playing on Scratch and App Inventor). In this paper we describe this project, its vertical path, and the results of the first activities, which have already taken place in a primary school. These results show the progression of the skills and competences defined in the National Operational Programme document “For school 2014–2020” (Axis I Education, Objective 10.2, Improving students’ key competences), and those set out in the National Plan for Digital Education.
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Larson, Donald F., and Kevin L. Bloodworth. "Mechanization and the Intersectoral Migration of Agricultural Labor." In Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies, 271–85. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5542-6_20.

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AbstractFor most countries, the historical path to development includes a sectoral shift of labor from agriculture to other sectors, an inflow of capital to agriculture, and a boost in land productivity. Early in the process of structural transformation, when populations are primarily rural and agrarian, the pace of sectoral migration can appear slow, as births that occur in much larger rural populations nearly match out-migration. As populations become increasingly urban, the dynamics shift, as rural populations experience continued out-migration matched with a declining share of births. This sets the stage for rising wages and labor-saving mechanization in agriculture. In many places, mechanization is associated with economies of scale that encourage a transformation in farm structures toward larger farms. Still, farm structures have been slow to change in Asia and Africa, where most farms are small, limiting potential productivity gains. This chapter uses a cross-country panel of data spanning five decades to examine the relationships among sectoral migration, gaps in sectoral incomes, and mechanization.
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Postnikova, Marina, Evgeniy Mikhailov, Dina Nesterchuk, and Olga Rechina. "Energy Saving in the Technological Process of the Grain Grinding." In Modern Development Paths of Agricultural Production, 395–403. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14918-5_41.

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Conference papers on the topic "Saving path":

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Akhtar, Auon Muhammad, Mohammad Reza Nakhai, and A. Hamid Aghvami. "Power saving cooperative path routing in static wireless networks." In ICC 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2012.6364670.

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Silvestri, Antonio, Alessandro Valenti, Sergio Pompei, Francesco Matera, and Antonio Cianfrani. "Wavelength path optimization in optical transport networks for energy saving." In 2009 11th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icton.2009.5185212.

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Xu, Ke, and Kai Tang. "An Energy Saving Approach for Rough Milling Tool Path Planning." In CAD'15. CAD Solutions LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14733/cadconfp.2015.134-135.

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Xu, K. "An Energy Saving Approach for Rough Milling Tool Path Planning." In CAD'15 London. CAD Solutions LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14733/cadconfp.2015.154-156.

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Lucia, Qscar, Hector Sarnago, Jesus Acero, Claudio Carretero, and Jose M. Burdio. "Induction Heating Cookers: A Path Towards Decarbonization Using Energy Saving Cookers." In 2022 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Himeji 2022- ECCE Asia). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ipec-himeji2022-ecce53331.2022.9807062.

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Gwyn, Michael A. "Casting Design for Structural Components - Time-Saving Path to Successful Metalcasting Structures." In SAE 2002 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0915.

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Wei, Hongbin. "Research on the Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Path of Transporting Ships." In 2018 International Conference on Computer Modeling, Simulation and Algorithm (CMSA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cmsa-18.2018.56.

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Liu, Chao, Kemin Wang, Wenhao Zhan, Yuting Wang, Bo Xiao, and Wenpeng Gao. "Multi-path routing spectrum allocation algorithm based on fragment sensing and energy saving." In HP3C'21: 2021 5th International Conference on High Performance Compilation, Computing and Communications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3471274.3471283.

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Zhang, Zhan, Shan Yin, Shijia Guo, Zebin Lin, Yidong Chen, and Shanguo Huang. "Dynamic Buffering Cost-Saving Multi-Path Routing under Differential Delay Constraint in EONs." In 2018 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acp.2018.8596067.

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Liu, Lin, Yibin Zhang, and Huizong Feng. "Research on dynamic energy saving path planning algorithm based on real-time traffic information." In 2016 4th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Information Technology Processing (AMITP 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amitp-16.2016.62.

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Reports on the topic "Saving path":

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Imrohoroglu, Ayse, Juan Pablo Rud, and Andres Fernandez. Saving Rates in Latin America: A Neoclassical Perspective. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011810.

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Latin American countries have long exhibited low levels of saving rates when compared to other countries in relatively similar stages of economic development (e.g., Asian economies). Motivated by this fact, this paper examines the time path of the saving rates between 1970 and 2010 in three Latin American countries— Chile, Colombia, and Mexico—through the lens of the neoclassical growth model. The findings indicate that two factors, the TFP growth rate and fiscal policy (via tax rates and government expenditure), are capable of accounting for some of the major fluctuations in saving rates observed in these years. For instance, the impressive increase in Chile’s saving rate following the early 1980s debt crisis is likely to have resulted from a combination of high TFP growth and a tax reform that substantially reduced capital taxation. Counterfactual experiments also reveal that average saving rates in Latin America could have been some three percentage points higher, had the region experienced TFP growth similar to that of the Asian countries. This increase, however, is insufficient to bridge the observed gap between saving rates in the two regions.
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Bonfatti, Andrea, Sagiri Kitao, Orazio P. Attanasio, and Guglielmo Weber. Global Demographic Trends, Capital Mobility, Saving and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Inter-American Development Bank, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011697.

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This paper studies the effect of demographic transitions on the economy of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The paper builds a model of multi-regions of the world and derives the path of macroeconomic variables including aggregate output, capital, labor and the saving rate as economies face a rapid shift in demographics. The timing and the extent of the demographic transition differ across regions. The model is simulated under both closed economy and open economy assumptions to quantify the roles played by factor mobility across regions in shaping capital accumulation and equilibrium factor prices.
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Valencia, Óscar M., Matheo Arellano, and Matilde Angarita. The New Fiscal Normal: Vaccinations, Debt, and Fiscal Adjustment in Emerging Economies. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003617.

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What is the potential impact of vaccination programs and different fiscal adjustment scenarios on countries after suffering the macro-fiscal effects of the pandemic? We calibrate a DSGE model with an epidemiological module for the average Latin American and Caribbean economy that uses fiscal policy and vaccination to contain these effects. We nd that there is a trade-off in the application of one of these policies. Focusing on vaccination has a high return in saving lives and improving economic growth but a lower fiscal adjustment. We conclude that simultaneous vaccination and fiscal reform is a successful policy combination that helps countries mitigate the health effects of the pandemic, reduce the economic cost of fiscal policy, and move toward a path of fiscal consolidation.
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McIntyre, Phillip, Susan Kerrigan, and Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Marrickville. Queensland University of Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.208593.

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Marrickville is located in the western heart of inner-city Sydney and is the beneficiary of the centrifugal process that has forced many creatives out of the inner city itself and further out into more affordable suburbs. This locality is built on the lands of the Eora nation. It is one of the most culturally diverse communities in the country but is slowly being gentrified creating tensions between its light industrial heart, its creative industry community and inner city developers. SME’s, co-working spaces and live music venues, are all in jeopardy as they occupy light-industrial warehouses which either have been re-zoned or are under threat of re-zoning. Its location underneath the flight path of major air traffic may indeed be a saving factor in its preservation as the creative industries operate across all major sectors here and the air traffic noise keeps land prices down. Despite these pressures the creative industries in Marrickville have experienced substantial growth since 2011, with the current CI intensity sitting at 9.2%. This is the only region in this study where the cultural production sector holds more than half the employment for specialists and support workers, when compared to creative services.
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Chalmers, Seth. Reducing Human Driver Error and Setting Realistic Expectations with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023016.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Thousands die or are injured each year in automobile crashes. Reducing the number of these tragedies requires reframing our approach to vehicle- and human-based transportation mobility and depends on whether the mobility industry and individual human drivers take a more aggressive approach to saving lives and preventing injuries. Bringing automated driving systems technologies into the advanced driver assist systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle space will help humans drive more safely and better prepare us for automated vehicles (AVs). </div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Reducing Human Driver Error and Setting Realistic Expectations with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems</b> discusses the recent Partnership for Analytics Research in Traffic Safety report which shows that ADAS can indeed work. The path forward requires combining ADAS and ADS implementation with infrastructure engineering, law enforcement, education, emergency response, and public policy, with the goal of reaching zero deaths and serious injuries. It also requires fully embracing the US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration’s Safe System approach, backed by the addition of public policies that incorporate and expand ADAS’s role in achieving that safe system.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>
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Lawrence, Tyson, and Kurt W. Roth. Commercial Building Toplighting: Energy Saving Potential and Potential Paths Forward. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1217901.

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Taylor, Margaret, and K. Sydny Fujita. The Path to Savings: Understanding the Federal Purchase of Energy-Consuming Products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1172961.

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Pérez, Avril, Andrea Reyes, and Fermín Vivanco. Financial Education: A Path Towards Inclusion: Approaches and Experiences with Financial Education Methodologies for Savings Targeted to Low-income Populations. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002157.

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Schmid, Juan Pedro. Addressing Debt Overhang: Experiences from Two Debt Operations in Jamaica. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008462.

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Jamaica entered the world economic downturn in 2008 from a position of ongoing weak economic performance and high, increasing debt levels. As a result, Jamaica's fiscal situation quickly became unsustainable. Starting in 2010, the government made important efforts, including two domestic debt exchanges, to bring its debt trajectory on a sustainable path. This brief assesses the two debt exchanges and explores whether their design was appropriate to address Jamaica's debt sustainability. A major issue in the case of Jamaica is the high exposure of the financial sector to government debt, creating a link between the fiscal situation and financial sector stability. In addition, the composition of Jamaica's debt restricts debt operations to domestic government securities, which comprise around half of total debt. Any attempt to restructure the debt stock through a debt action, such as a haircut, is likely to have a substantial impact on the domestic financial sector, which has a sizeable exposure to sovereign securities. Any losses of the financial sector would likely have negative multiplier effects on GDP growth, employment, and poverty. As such, the brief concludes that the scope of fiscal savings from debt restructuring in the absence of financial sector crisis was always small.
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Financial Inclusion in a Refugee Response. Institute of Development Studies, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.122.

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Abstract:
The growing scope, frequency, and complexity of forced displacement, both inside and outside of countries, has pushed donors and other development groups to rethink their approaches to humanitarian crises, particularly on refugee response. Financial inclusion is widely regarded as a particularly critical tool that development organisations can employ to mitigate the catastrophic impact of humanitarian crises on refugees. Financial inclusion would provide a wide range of financial products – such as savings, remittances, loans, and insurance – to both refugees and citizens of host countries, which are critical for disadvantaged populations seeking to mitigate shocks, acquire assets, and support local economic development. Changes in how humanitarian aid is distributed are opening the path for greater financial inclusion. Donors and humanitarian organisations are shifting away from emergency cash transfers and toward digital payments via electronic cards. This opens new opportunities to connect refugees and displaced people to a bigger pool of financial services. This rapid literature review summarises the available evidence on toolkits that assist the response by humanitarian and development agencies to financial inclusion of refugees. In addition to the documents defined explicitly as “toolkits”, it also includes reports and online articles which contain useful guidance, since there were few “toolkits” available. Generally, there is lack of resources that directly address the query, i.e., “financial inclusion” in a “refugee response” context. Although there is a growing literature and evidence on the financial inclusion theme, much of it does not directly relate to refugees. Furthermore, most guidance notes and toolkits prepared for refugee response by humanitarian/development agencies do not directly and explicitly deal with financial inclusion, but rather focus on operational and programming issues of wider relief responses. The review is presented as an annotated bibliography format and includes toolkits, guidance notes, technical reports, and online articles by humanitarian and international development agencies.

To the bibliography