Journal articles on the topic 'Saving and investment'
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Khan, Muhammad Imran, Sardar Adil Iqbal Khan, and Sardar Javaid Iqbal Khan. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SAVINGS, TRADE FACILITATION, GOVERNANCE, AND INVESTMENT IN PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 04 (December 5, 2022): 1106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i04.1270.
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Saving and investment are highly debated issues in the literature of economics. There are several determinants of investment, where saving is considered one of the most imperative contributing factors to investment in Pakistan. It is argued that Good quality of governance, trade facilitation, and a higher level of national saving increases investment in the country. To test the argument, the current study analyzes the association between, national savings, trade facilitation, good governance, foreign savings, and investments in the case of Pakistan’s economy. To examine the relationship, the authors use OLS and to specify it better finally, the authors have employed the Auto Regressive Distributive lag (ARDL) method. The results of the study show, that Pakistan’s total investment responds positively to the growth in national savings and foreign savings. The paper found that there exists a substantial relationship concerning trade facilitation and investment in Pakistan and the study accomplishes that in order to increase investment in Pakistan, trade facilitation and managing monetary policy can play an important role and the government should focus on trade facilitation and quality of governance to ensure the growth of investment in Pakistan, which has the potential to develop opportunities of employment in Pakistan. Keywords: Investment, Saving, trade facilitation, and Monetary policy.
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VISHE, MS NISHA GURUNATH. "Saving and Investment Pattern." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 01 (January 15, 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem28173.
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Investment is an type of activity that is engaged in by the people who have to do savings i.e. investments are made from their savings, or in other words it is the people invest their savings. A variety of different investment options are available that are bank, Gold, Real estate, post services, mutual funds & so on much more. Investors are always investing their money with the different types of purpose and objectives such as profit, security, appreciation, Income stability. Researcher has here in this paper studied the different types and avenues of investments as well as the factors that are required while selecting the investment with the sample size of 60 salaried employees by conducting the survey through questionnaire in Pune city of, India. Actually, here the present study identifies about the preferred investment avenues among individual investors using their own self-assessment test. The researcher has analyzed and found that that salaried employees consider the safety as well as good return on investment that is invested on regular basis. Respondents are much more aware about the different investment avenues available in India except female investors.
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Perciun, Rodica, Tatiana Petrova, and Corina Gribincea. "The Implications of Saving and Investment Balance on Economic Growth of the Republic Of Moldova." ECONOMICS 5, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eoik-2017-0025.
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Summary The saving and investment balance can ensure the stability of the financial market. The aim of the study is to analyse the dynamics of the saving-investment balance in the Republic of Moldova and its impact on economic growth. The role and possibilities of attracting foreign investments into fixed assets are presented. The indicator of investment growth with a low level of gross savings is a signal or a harbinger of a decline in economic growth. According to the National Bank of Moldova, legal export of capital from the Republic of Moldova takes only a small part in the process of export of capital. The leading role in the mechanism of transformation of savings into investment should belong to BNM.
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Shaikhsipai, Mohammedzuned, and Bhavesh A. Lakhani. "COHORT ANALYSIS OF SAVINGS AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AMONG WORKING WOMEN IN AHMEDABAD CITY." Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal 03, no. 01 (January 1, 2024): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.59231/sari7661.
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This study aims to analyze the saving and investment patterns of working women in Ahmedabad city, Gujarat. The research objectives include studying the concept of saving and investment patterns and analyzing the attitudes of working women towards their saving and investment patterns. A sample size of 250 working women based in Ahmedabad was interviewed for this study. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach, which included both quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The findings of this study reveal that working women in Ahmedabad exhibit positive saving and investment patterns. Many of the participants diversify their investments across different avenues to reduce risk and take a data-driven approach to make investment decisions. The study also found that working women in Ahmedabad are resilient and can adapt easily when things go wrong financially. Furthermore, the study found that working women in Ahmedabad have a long-term investment perspective and are willing to tolerate losses in their investment value to seek higher returns. Additionally, the participants showed a positive attitude towards savings and investment and believed that investing is crucial for achieving financial stability and independence.
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Shaik, Mahabub Basha, M. Kethan, T. Jaggaiah, and Mohammed Khizerulla. "Financial Literacy and Investment Behaviour of IT Professional in India." East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 1, no. 5 (June 28, 2022): 777–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v1i5.514.
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IT sector plays a vital role in its contribution towards India’s GDP Savings and investments are imperative for fast-tracking economic growth and taking India to greater heights. The Purpose of this research is to understand the saving and investment behaviour of the IT professionals. There are various dimensions of savings and investment behaviour such as features of investment planning, determinants of investment preferences, IT Professionals have different mindset when they decide about investing in a particular avenue and they want his saving to be invested in most secure and liquid way. Though, the decision varies for every separate depending upon their risk aptitude. Their investment objective also differs from financial stability to additional income and so on. This paper attempts to find out the factors accountable for increased investing activities among young professionals. The current has studied the investment behaviour of IT investors by using a structured survey and this study inspects Behavioural Factors influencing towards Investment p among IT Professionals.
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Shaik, Mahabub, M. Kethan, and T. Jaggaiah3. "Financial Literacy and Investment Behaviour of IT Professional With Reference To Bangalore City." Ilomata International Journal of Management 3, no. 3 (July 31, 2022): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52728/ijjm.v3i3.487.
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IT sector plays a vital role in its contribution towards India’s GDP Savings and investments are imperative for fast-tracking economic growth and taking India to greater heights. The Purpose of this research is to understand the saving and investment behaviour of the IT professionals. There are various dimensions of savings and investment behaviour such as features of investment planning, determinants of investment preferences, IT Professionals have different mindset when they decide about investing in a particular avenue and they want his saving to be invested in most secure and liquid way. Though, the decision varies for every separate depending upon their risk aptitude. Their investment objective also differs from financial stability to additional income and so on. This paper attempts to find out the factors accountable for increased investing activities among young professionals. The current has studied the investment behaviour of IT investors by using a structured survey and this study inspects Behavioural Factors influencing towards Investment p among IT Professionals.
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Eckaus, Richard S. "Forced Saving in China." China Quarterly 217 (December 16, 2013): 180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741013001446.
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AbstractThe explanation offered here for the high rates of saving in China is that much of the saving has been “forced” in two Benthamite senses. Involuntary saving, the first of Bentham's meanings, includes taxes which finance investment. These have made up more than half of the total savings in China in recent years. There is also forced saving in China in the form of Bentham's second sense, conduced saving, resulting from bank loans which have financed investment. While the existence of a savings glut has been suggested for China, a better characterization would be that it has had a high rate of investment.
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Erasmus, Coert Frederik, and Johan van Huyssteen. "Pension fund regulation: Unintended consequences of foreign investment restrictions in an emerging market economy." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, no. 4 (2016): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv6i4siart6.
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Retirement savings allow investors to earn income after retirement by saving while being part of the workforce. Retirement savings comprise the largest portion of retirement savings and should be safeguarded by effective regulation. To safeguard retirement savings, exposure to foreign asset investments is limited. However, in an emerging economy, limiting foreign asset investments, especially investment in developed markets, could hamper the potential investment returns due to the translation risk. To assess the effect of translation risk, a preservation provident fund was used in the present study to determine whether the returns of this preservation provident fund would be adversely affected by investment allocation regulation. The findings indicated how the translation effect affected the preservation provident fund, illustrating the adverse unintended consequences of investment regulation in emerging market economies. Consequently, regulators should reconsider the maximum allowed foreign asset investment in pension fund regulations to enhance investment returns from foreign asset investments
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Atique, Zeshan, Mohsin Hasnain Ahmad, and Usman Azhar. "The Impact of FDI on Economic Growth under Foreign Trade Regimes: A Case Study of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 43, no. 4II (December 1, 2004): 707–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v43i4iipp.707-718.
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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as a growth-enhancing component has received great attention of developed countries in general and less developed countries in particular in recent decades. It has been a matter of great concern for many economists that how FDI affects economic growth of the host country. In a closed economy, with no access to foreign saving, investment is financed solely from domestic savings. However, in open economy investment is financed both through domestic savings and foreign capital flows, including FDI. The investments in form of FDI enable investment-receiving (host) countries to achieve investment levels beyond their capacity to save.
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Yumurtaci, Aynur, and Bilal Bagis. "University Students’ Preferences about Savings and Investments at Individual and National level in the 21st Century: The Case of Turkey." Review of Economic Perspectives 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 485–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2020-0024.
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AbstractThis paper aims to capture the favored both national and individual saving and investment perceptions of the Turkish youth. Also, the research contributes to the understanding of the common preferences of the youth and focuses on perceptions over their home country’s saving-investment decisions. We reason, it is important to evaluate views of the youth on national savings and investments as they will be both the decision-makers determining the economic and social policies of the near future and the ones that are directly impacted by these policies implemented today. For this purpose, a questionnaire is applied to randomly selected 550 university students in Turkey and the results are analyzed by the chi-square test. Accordingly, students have mostly preferred that investments should be primarily made to the education sector at national level while investment made for the social security system is placed on the last rank. In addition, education is the most important individual investment choice of participants. On the other hand, information technologies, energy, and agriculture are identified as the most significant investment areas, which could be potentially increased the global competitiveness of their home country. Another important outcome of this research is that students prefer to invest their individual savings in gold and real estate investments, respectively.
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Fawaz, Fadi, Eric Frey, and Deborah Piscitiello. "The Effects of HIV Mortality on Saving and Investment in Asia." Asian Journal of Empirical Research 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.1007/2019.9.1/1007.1.1.15.
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This paper examines the effects of HIV/AIDS mortality on saving and investment in Asia. Annual data for years 1990-2015 from 43 Asian countries. The empirical model also allows for potential gender differences in AIDS mortality to vary the effect on savings and investment. Our research shows that there are gender and wealth differences in how this disease affects the macro economy. An increase in the AIDS mortality rate of either gender reduces saving and investment in low-income countries. In regards to savings, an increase in male AIDS mortality is shown to increase savings. On the other hand, an increase in female AIDS mortality is expected to decrease savings. In terms of investment we find the opposite effects across genders: increasing male AIDS mortality causes decrease in investment (though not statistically significant) and increasing female AIDS mortality increases investment. For low-income countries, we find a negative relationship between AIDS mortality of either gender on saving or investment.
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DR. A.N. PAUNIKAR, DR A. N. PAUNIKAR. "Equity Linked Saving Schemes as Tax saving Investment for Salaried Class." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 5 (January 15, 2012): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/may2014/11.
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Babatunde, Ojo, Shehu Salau, and Amballi Olatunji. "Determinants of saving and investment strategy among poultry farmers in kwara state." BADEGGI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2023): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35849/bjare202303/118/006.
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Many farmers in Nigeria have not been able to finance their businesses due to poor savings, and for any meaningful investment to be obtained, a sound saving mobilization has to be pursued. Thus, this study analyzed the determinants of saving and investment strategies among poultry farmers in Kwara state Nigeria. Using the list of 350 registered poultry farmers in the state, 175 farmers were randomly selected for the study. The analytical tools employed are descriptive statistics, multiple linear and binary logistics regressions. The pattern of savings showed that more than 99% of the respondents make savings with commercial banks. The result further indicated that the average value of investment of the respondents stood at ₦718,312.7 per cycle. The pattern of investment indicated that poultry business took the highest percentage of 45.28. The mul5tiple regression analysis revealed that the coefficient of education, poultry size, number of mortalities, savings and amount of loan obtained were statistically significant factors influencing investment in poultry farming. On the other hand, poultry farming experience, farm income, amount of nvestment and loan obtained are the major determinants of savings. The major constraints hindering savings among poultry farmers are distance to savings institution, lack of confidence in banking sector and poor savings habit. On the other hand, outbreak of pest and disease, poor market structure, insufficient capital are the major bottlenecks hindering investments in the area. The study recognized the need for mass education and enlightenment campaign for mobilizing savings and intimating the farmers on investment opportunities. Policies and straegies aimed at providing timely formal and informal loans to poultry farmers should be vigorously pursued.
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Nsoma, Patuma, Mavuto Tembo, Shaibu Benard, Ulemu Msiska, George Ng’ambi, and Malack Chadza. "Differences in Saving and Investment between Men and Women in Luwinga Ward Mzuzu City, Malawi." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 2 (August 6, 2023): 2982–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i2.3037.
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Saving and investment are important and required for a society. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the differences in saving and investment between business and working men and women of Luwinga Ward, Mzuzu City. Sample of 100 men and women participated in a structured questionnaire survey. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the differences that men and women have on the preferences of type of saving and assets ownership. The logistic binary regression was used to determine the factors influencing the saving behavior of men and women. The results showed that gender moderate preferences of saving avenues and asset ownership. There were gender disparities in savings and assets ownership in which men were having long-term savings and also were owning more financial assets compared to the women. It was found that saving behavior between men and women significantly determined by source of income, sex, Marital status, age and education level. The paper recommends the provision of financial literacy and capacity development in making investment decision to women and youth. The paper also recommends economic empowerment through provision of low-interest loans to youth and women to boost their saving and investment behavior. This paper has policy impact in narrowing down gender differentials between men and women in making saving and investment decision that favours national development.
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Ahasan Ul Haque, Md, Md Golam Kibria, and Md Muhaiminul Islam Selim. "Effects of Foreign Aid and Remittances Flows on Saving and Investment in Developing South Asia: Panel Data Study." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 72 (April 28, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.72.21.27.
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In this study, we investigate the impact of remittances and foreign aid (official foreign assistance) on investment and saving in South Asian countries. We also analyze the comparative influence of remittances and foreign aid in stimulating saving and investment. We use a sample of five South Asian countries over the period 1985-2018 and employ OLS and 2SLS methods to estimate the effect of remittance and foreign aid on saving and investment. The result reveals that remittance has a positive impact on saving but has no significant effect on investment and shows that foreign aid has no significant impact on saving but negatively influences investment. In line with our results, a rise in 10 percent of remittances in South Asia raises savings by 1.6 percent in the OLS estimates and by 1.7 percent when we use 2SLS. At the same time for a 10% increase in foreign aid decreases saving by 4.3% and 3.3%, respectively, in two methods. For the second regression, an increase in 10% remittances hamper investment by 1.3% and 1% for OLS and 2SLS, respectively. And for the analogous 10% increase in foreign aid decrease investment by 5.4% and 5.2%, respectively. However, if foreign aid is efficiently used, it can be an important complement to remittances by permitting households to overcome the minimum threshold level and they can use a bigger portion of their remittances for savings and investment motive.
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Nikulnikova, Hanna, Olga Bondarchuk, and Kateryna Astafieva. "Economic assessment of investment projects of energy-saving technologies." Galician economic journal 86, no. 1 (2024): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2024.01.007.
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The article examines the influence of the conditions for the implementation of investment projects on the level of energy consumption of industrial enterprises, as well as the amount of economic benefits received in production, and proposes an economic assessment of the efficiency of iron ore products. As an economic criterion for assessing the effectiveness of energy-saving measures, indicators were calculated that reflect the price of energy saving in relation to investment and operating costs. The practice of assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of investment projects to reduce the energy intensity of production shows that in the process of their control and operational management, priority should be given to natural indicators, and at the current stage of long-term planning – to cost indicators. An improved methodology for assessing the implementation of energy-saving technical solutions based on natural indicators is proposed. To do this, it is necessary to express the volume of production of natural units directly as a function f of the total amount of energy consumed in production (direct and embodied) and calculate the additional volume of production that can be obtained from saved energy resources during the implementation of the project, as well as the additional volume of production obtained in the basic version due to additional investments. The «given» volumes of industrial production are compared with each other. The criterion for evaluating energy saving measures using natural indicators is the minimum value of total energy costs according to the option, per unit of the given production volume. The economic assessment of energy-saving technologies is based on the calculation of changes (savings) in the following indicators: direct costs, integral costs and integral effect, calculated on the basis of indicators characterizing the amount of total energy resource savings in relation to investment and operating costs. In turn, this makes it possible to calculate the minimum volumes of energy resource savings required to ensure the effectiveness of an investment project at a given energy tariff.
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Kazemi Rad, Melissa, David Riley, Somayeh Asadi, and Parhum Delgoshaei. "Improving the performance profile of energy conservation measures at the Penn State University Park Campus." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 24, no. 4 (July 17, 2017): 610–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-02-2016-0050.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine significant steps taken by the Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) to account for both energy cost savings and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction goals through strategic investments in energy conservation measures (ECMs) in campus buildings. Through an analysis of multiple years of investment in facility upgrades across the university, the impacts of ECMs of various types are characterized by building type. The standards and criteria for ECMs investments are also evaluated with the goal to develop a predictive tool to support decision making pertaining to an annual investment in a portfolio of ECMs that will maintain a trajectory to achieve both financial return on investment as well as GHG reduction goals. Design/methodology/approach This study is comprised of three main parts: analyzing the energy costs saving and GHG emissions reduction contribution of various building types in which ECMs were conducted, analyzing costs saving and GHG emissions reduction contribution of each ECM while considering the average annual investments made in them and estimating the impact of upgrading Penn State’s steam plants from firing a mixture of coal and natural gas to natural gas only on the GHG emissions. Findings These analyses help identify which types of buildings and ECMs would have larger savings and emissions reduction contributions. A calculator is also created to enable forecasting of costs saving and GHG emissions reduction of investment distribution strategy among ECMs. This study demonstrates that the calculator based on data from previous years will benefit decision makers in more wisely configuring the investment portfolio. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identical need to couple energy efficiency strategies coupled with the environmental impacts associated with different fossil fuel energy sources.
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MAGHFOOR, SUBOOR. "A STUDY ON SAVINGS AND INVESTMENT: RISK AND OPPORTUNITIES." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (May 1, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem32942.
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This study investigates the intricate relationship between savings, investment, risk, and opportunities in contemporary financial landscapes. With financial markets becoming increasingly complex and interconnected, understanding the dynamics of savings and investment has become paramount for individuals, businesses, and policymakers alike. The first part of the study delves into the concept of savings, examining the various motivations behind saving behavior and the factors influencing individuals' decisions to save. It explores traditional saving instruments such as savings accounts, as well as newer forms such as robo-advisors and digital wallets, highlighting the evolving nature of saving practices in the digital age. Moving on to investment, the study elucidates the diverse array of investment vehicles available to investors, ranging from stocks and bonds to real estate and alternative assets. It analyzes the risk-return tradeoff inherent in different investment options and discusses strategies for constructing well-diversified investment portfolios tailored to investors' risk preferences and financial goals. Finally, the study identifies emerging opportunities in the savings and investment landscape, including technological innovations such as blockchain technology and peer-to- peer lending platforms, which are reshaping traditional financial systems and offering new avenues for wealth accumulation and capital deployment. By synthesizing theoretical insights with empirical evidence, this study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between savings, investment, risk, and opportunities, offering practical recommendations for individuals
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Piplica, Damir. "Political Aspect of the Saving – Investment Gap in Croatia." Research in Applied Economics 7, no. 4 (December 8, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v7i4.8420.
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<p>All the Governments of Croatia should acknowledge the importance of the economic policy<br />that will encourage higher saving rates thus enabling correlation with the investment rate with<br />the scope of reaching important macroeconomic goals, such as the GDP and employment<br />rates increase, etc., without in any way endangering the macroeconomic stability of the<br />national economy. Regardless of the great impact savings had on the investments, the<br />implementation of the economic or investment policy on behalf of the Right-wing<br />Government of Croatia had a great impact in creating the discrepancy in the<br />saving-investment ratio, than it was the case with the Left-wing Government of Croatia. If the<br />Right–wing Government of Croatia starts implementing the economic policy with the sole<br />scope of reaching higher saving rates than the former ones, complying with their ideology,<br />and focusing less on how to opportunistically reach middle voters, they will influence<br />effectively the saving and investment correlation, thus lessening the saving-investment gap<br />and reaching the macroeconomic stability. However, if the Right-wing Government<br />opportunistically turn to the “middle voters” instead of following their ideology`s programme,<br />this could lead to the decrease in efficiency of some economic policy measures with the goal<br />of reaching a certain saving-investment correlation. On the other hand, with the growth in<br />saving rates, Left-wing Government of Croatia can influence effectively its correlation with<br />the investment rates, but still in a lesser proportion compared to the Right–wing Government<br />of Croatia. With the Left–wing Government of Croatia opportunistically orienting on the<br />“middle voters” that would facilitate their position in achieving the macroeconomic stability<br />and thus enforcing their influence on the saving-investment correlation, as would not be the<br />case if only complying with their left oriented party`s programme.</p>
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Elsasari, Febtika Budiya, and Budi Sukardi. "Analysis Determinants of Housewives to Control Saving Gold Behavior in Indonesian Sharia Pawnshops." Islamic Banking : Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pengembangan Perbankan Syariah 8, no. 1 (August 16, 2022): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36908/isbank.v8i1.334.
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Investment is something that must be done by someone to plan future needs. As a financial regulator in a family, investment is essential for housewives. Investments can be made in various instruments, one of which is by saving gold in Sharia Pawnshop. Gold savings at Sharia Pawnshop is a gold balance deposit service that can make it easier for people to invest in gold by saving money. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioural control on their Interest in saving gold in Sharia Pawnshop. The methodology used in this research is quantitative with a purposive sampling technique. This study's primary data was obtained directly through the Sharia Pawnshop Unit Ngabean housewife customer. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression. The data collection technique used a questionnaire distributed to 96 housewife customers in the Sharia Pawnshop Unit. The results showed that people's attitudes and behaviour control variables significantly affected the Interest in saving gold in Sharia pawnshops, while the subjective norm variable did not affect saving gold.
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Otoo, Henry, Sampson Takyi Appiah, Albert Buabeng, and M. Apodei. "Testing Causality and Cointegration of Savings and Investment In Ghana." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.2.1734.
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This paper sought to identify the causal relationship between saving and investment in Ghana as these econometric indicators serve as a measure for the economic development and wellbeing of developing countries. Annual time series of Saving and Investment in Ghana spanning from 1980 to 2017 were considered. First, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and the Elliott-Rothenberg-Stock (ERS) tests are carried out to determine the integration order of saving and investment data series. The Johansen's trace and maximum eigenvalue tests for cointegration were performed to ascertain the level of cointegration which suggested a long-run relationship between the saving and investment in Ghana despite potential deviations in the short-run. Finally, the Granger Causality test suggested saving as having a causal relationship with investment, while the reverse indicated no relationship. The study, therefore, recommended intensifying saving, both at the national and household level as a crucial direction for consideration if Ghana intends to finance her investments rather than relying mostly on foreign aid.
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Otoo, Henry, Sampson Takyi Appiah, Albert Buabeng, and M. Apodei. "Testing Causality and Cointegration of Savings and Investment In Ghana." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 2 (February 10, 2020): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.2.1734.
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This paper sought to identify the causal relationship between saving and investment in Ghana as these econometric indicators serve as a measure for the economic development and wellbeing of developing countries. Annual time series of Saving and Investment in Ghana spanning from 1980 to 2017 were considered. First, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and the Elliott-Rothenberg-Stock (ERS) tests are carried out to determine the integration order of saving and investment data series. The Johansen's trace and maximum eigenvalue tests for cointegration were performed to ascertain the level of cointegration which suggested a long-run relationship between the saving and investment in Ghana despite potential deviations in the short-run. Finally, the Granger Causality test suggested saving as having a causal relationship with investment, while the reverse indicated no relationship. The study, therefore, recommended intensifying saving, both at the national and household level as a crucial direction for consideration if Ghana intends to finance her investments rather than relying mostly on foreign aid.
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Viana, Eka Dasra, Budi Purwanto, and Alfiana Farah. "The Influence of Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion on Saving and Investment Behaviour for Millennial Generation in DKI Jakarta." TIJAB (The International Journal of Applied Business) 7, no. 1 (March 28, 2023): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/tijab.v7.i1.2023.43436.
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Background: In 2019, financial literacy level in Indonesia was only 38,03%, while the financial inclusion rate was 76,19%. Financial literacy and inclusion levels related to saving that are identical to the banking sector have the highest values, with 36,12% and 73,88%, while investment in capital market has the second lowest values, at 4,92% and 1,55%. However, the ratio of gross savings to gross domestic product in Indonesia was reported only at 31,01%, while several other Asian countries reached more than 40%. Objective: This study aims to measure the level of financial literacy and inclusion of millennial generations in DKI Jakarta. It analyses the influence of financial literacy and inclusion on saving and investment behaviour, the influence of financial literacy on financial inclusion, and the influence of saving behaviour on investment behaviour. Method: The data analysis used descriptive and SEM-PLS analyses. Results: The results show that the financial literacy rates and the average of inclusion rates of millennial generation in DKI Jakarta are 50% and 60% respectively. Financial literacy and inclusion have an influence on saving and investment behaviour. Also, financial literacy affects financial inclusion, while the saving behaviour does not influence investment behaviour. Conclusion: Financial literacy and inclusion have a positive and significant effect on saving behaviour and investment behaviour. Financial literacy also has a positive and significant effect on financial inclusion. However, saving behaviour does not have a significant effect on investment behaviour. Keywords: financial inclusion; financial literacy; investment behaviour; millennial generation; saving behaviour
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Grigoriev, L., and A. Ivashchenko. "Global Investment-Saving Balance." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 6 (June 20, 2011): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2011-6-4-19.
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The article analyzes the investment-saving balance in developed and developing countries and groups of countries. Main determinants of investment and saving decisions of different economic agents are derived from well-known theoretic papers. The analysis of pre-crisis investment-saving balance is performed with a focus on specific role of USA and China in the global financial intermediation system. A crisis shift in US households saving behavior is revealed, and it is treated as an additional source of financing American deficits. Maintenance of high personal saving rate of US households is considered to be the key factor to support post-crisis growth.
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Maghfiroh, Lailatul. "Pengaruh Financial Literacy dan Risk Tolerance Terhadap Keputusan Nasabah Dalam Pemilihan Instrumen Investasi Tabungan Emas di PT Pegadaian (Persero) Cabang Jombang." JFAS : Journal of Finance and Accounting Studies 1, no. 3 (August 25, 2020): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33752/jfas.v1i3.178.
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Financial literacy is a series of processes or activities to increase the knowledge of an individual so that they are able to manage personal finances for the better future. While risk tolerance is an ability that can be accepted by investors in taking an investment risk. This research is to know: (1) the influence of financial literacy on the saving of investment of customer of gold saving. (2) the influence of risk tolerance on the investment savings of gold saving customers.The population in this study are customers who are registered as active customers in PT Pegadaian (Persero) Jombang Branch. This research uses causal associative method with multiple regression analysis model. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Financial literacy has a positive influence on investment decision of gold saving customers. (2) Risk tolerance has a positive influence on the investment decision of gold saving customers. This research uses causal associative method with multiple regression analysis model.
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Munir, Kashif. "Macroeconomic determinants of saving in South Asia: Evidence from panel ARDL." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 10, no. 1 (January 2023): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2023.01.006.
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The basic purpose of this research is to explore the short and long run macroeconomic determinants of saving in South Asian countries while saving has been disaggregated into gross saving and gross domestic saving. The study applied the panel ARDL model to analyze the short and long run determinants of saving. The study focuses on only four South Asian countries i.e., Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2019. The results depicted that GDP per capita growth, export growth, and money supply have positive and significant, while foreign direct investment has a significant and negative effect on gross saving in the long run. On the other hand, GDP per capita growth, money supply, and working age population have positive and significant, while foreign direct investment has a significant and negative effect on gross domestic saving in the long run. Bidirectional causality exists among the gross saving and GDP per capita growth, while unidirectional causality exists from working age population to gross domestic savings. Government has to increase the investment projects that lead to an increase in the employment level and income of the people, as well the government has to encourage local investment by stabilizing the market and discouraging foreign direct investment.
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Магдеева, Марина, Marina Magdeeva, Надежда Жилина, Nadezhda Zhilina, Владимир Игнатьев, and Vladimir Ignatiev. "SAVINGS AND INVESTMENTS: THEORETICAL ASPECT." Russian Journal of Management 7, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5d0a4295a087d0.39824458.
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Alzoubi, Marwan, and Hamad A. Kasasbeh. "The investment-saving puzzle in MENA countries." Ekonomski pregled 72, no. 5 (2021): 774–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.72.5.6.
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The paper disentangles gross savings into government and private savings and investigate their impact on gross investment. Our methodology is based on a balanced panel of four MENA countries (Tunisia, Jordan, Egypt and Lebanon) for the period 2000-2017 by employing the Panel Vector Autoregressive Model (PVAR). Our findings show that government savings as a ratio of GDP does not have any impact on investment while private savings as a ratio of GDP does. Both variables exhibit the correct signs. The results also show that mobility of private saving is high and seemingly statistically inconsistent with the Fielstein and Horioka (1980) puzzle. Our paper also reveals that even though OECD countries are more open than our sample countries, the higher capital mobility of our sample is driven by the economic and political instability in the region.
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Mahara, Tilak Singh. "Nexus between Savings, Investment and Economic Growth in Nepal (1975-2020): Evidence from ARDL Bounds Testing Approach." Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (June 21, 2022): 144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v4i1.45876.
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Background: There are different sources of economic growth, including domestic savings for capital formation. Domestic savings mobilized into the expansion of productive capacity of an economy adds economic growth and thereby reinforces investment and savings. Gross savings and capital formation matter for the economic growth of Nepal.
Objective: The study's main objective is to inspect the nexus between gross domestic saving, gross capital formation, and economic growth in Nepal.
Methodology: This study uses the Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration. Zivot-Andrews (ZA) unit root test has been used to check for a structural break in data, and the Bounds test has been carried out to explore the existence of a long-run association between variables.
Results: The empirical outcomes pointed out a positive and significant long-run relationship between gross domestic savings, gross capital formation, and economic growth in Nepal. Zivot-Andrews unit root tests reveal a structural break in the data set. Causality result indicates a unidirectional linkage from gross investment to growth, economic growth to gross domestic saving, and a bidirectional linkage between gross domestic savings and gross investment.
Conclusion: The study concludes that an increase in the productive capability through increased saving and investment in the productive sector helps increase the economic growth in Nepal. So, gross domestic savings, gross investment, and economic growth are associated in the long run with one structural break.
Implications: The study implies that real economic growth in Nepal can be enlarged if the government of Nepal focuses on an increase in saving and make strong provisions for mobilizing and investing such savings into productive sectors of the economy.
Originality: This paper is original and has not been published in other publications. Similarly, no financial support has been received while working on this paper.
Paper Type: Research paper
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Iqbal, Zafar. "Institutional Variations in Saving Behaviour in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (December 1, 1993): 1293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.1293-1311.
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Savings and investment are two variables that play a significant role in accumulation. Variations in these key variables have a significant impact on economic growth, employment and inflation. A thorough understanding of their determlnants provides an important insight into the development process and aids in policy formulation. Such knowledge is also necessary to trace the consequences on growth and employment which may work through savings and investment behaviour. A particularly useful approach to understanding the macro-behaviour of saving and investment is to conduct an empirical analysis in terms of institutional agents. In fact, most of the current work in Pakistan is restricted to estimating aggregate savings functions which are not sufficient for analysis of savings behaviour mainly because various institutional agents may respond differently to economic signals. For example, foreign interest rates may attract private savings to transfer abroad, while the public sector may generate its own savings in response to increasing foreign interest rates. It can also be argued that the inflow of foreign capital may encourage private savings through direct foreign investment and discourage public savings through the substitution effect. Many other examplescan be quoted on theoretical background. Therefore, it may be useful to estimate disaggregated saving functions. The question, "are there institutional variations in the savings behaviour of household. corporate and public sectors in Pakistan?" will be the main focus of this paper.
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Grace, Chuck, Adam Metzler, Yang Miao, Longlong Feng, and Alireza Fazelli. "The Impact of Saving on Financial Resilience." Financial Services Review 32, no. 2 (June 10, 2024): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.61190/fsr.v32i2.3358.
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In this paper, we examine the issue of saving in the context of financial resilience. We examine unique dataset(s) of investor transactions to determine the relationship between investor behaviours, household savings, and investment outcomes. We examine these real-world observed behaviours through advanced data analytics in the form of machine learning to explore previously unknown patterns and seek a determination of any causal relationships. We examine trading over a 3-year period ending August 2022, providing us with the opportunity to observe behaviour during rising markets, declining markets and the turbulent phases during transitions. Our datasets included investors who work with financial advisors and those who prefer “do it yourself”. Trading behaviours over this period, demonstrated an active savings strategy to be the most effective strategy for building wealth. On average, an active savings strategy was 5X more effective at building wealth and resilience than relying on investment returns or complex trading strategies. We conclude that; Saving is a ‘force of nature’. The math isn’t new, but it works and we observed it working in the ‘real world”. Saving is simpler, more reliable, and more powerful than investment returns for building financial resilience. Frequent and disciplined saving is more effective than periodic or just-in-time saving. Saving is a universal strategy - the observed results were the same regardless of age groups, genders, risk tolerances and income levels. Keeping it simple is a legitimate strategy for building wealth. Saving and saving often - is not only easy to prescribe but effective.
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Olgić Draženović, Bojana. "VOLUNTARY PENSION FUNDS IN CROATIA: INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE AND INCENTIVES." DIEM: Dubrovnik International Economic Meeting 6, no. 1 (September 2021): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/diem/2021/1.13.
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Saving for the third age is extremely important in the conditions of an uncertainty in the global economy, unfavorable demographic trends and the related problem of fiscal imbalances. In order to improve the sustainability of the Croatian three-pillar pension system, there have been recent attempts to significantly increase the role of voluntary pension insurance and other forms of saving for the third age. The aim of such measures is to reduce the increasing dependence of pension beneficiaries on payments from the state budget and to achieve a more sustainable pension system. Measures to encourage voluntary saving in Croatia are the state incentives for the insured and the tax benefits for employers. Despite the numerous investment advantages and government incentives for this form of saving, voluntary pension funds in Croatia are still among the least developed institutional investors, considering the amount of assets and the number of members. The question arises as to the reasons for the relative disregard of these financial institutions and the low interest of the working population in Croatia. The aim of this paper is to analyze the performance of voluntary pension funds and identify the reasons for the insufficient capitalised savings in the third pension pillar in Croatia. Keywords: Croatian pension system, voluntary pension funds, financial literacy, governement incentives
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M. Palampanga, Anhulaila, and Bakri Hasanuddin. "The domestic resource gap and current transaction deficit in Indonesia in 2010-2014." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 1 (May 16, 2017): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(1-1).2017.13.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between domestic financial resource gaps and current account balance in Indonesia by using data from 2010 to 2014. Gaps in the domestic economy are classified into three types: 1) the domestic absorptive capacity of the national income gap (GNP), 2) gross national savings and investment gap, 3) private sector gap (private saving minus private investment), and public sector gap (tax minus government spending). By using a concept of open economy that is described in a theoretical framework, the study results show that: 1) the gap absorption of domestic and GNP, 2) the gap between gross national saving and gross national investments, 3) the gap in private sector and government sector resulting in deficit in the current account during Indonesia on 2010-2014 periods.
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Yersh, Valeryia. "INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL CAPITAL MOBILITY IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 28, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2022.15912.
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This study examines the role of global, regional and domestic saving for domestic investment financing in the panel of Latin American and Caribbean countries along with its three regional integration blocks, namely SICA, Andean Community and MERCOSUR. Panel regression and rolling-window estimation results reveal that global saving is the main source of domestic investment financing in the region of Latin America and the Caribbean, SICA, Andean Community and MERCOSUR. The role of domestic and regional savings is rather limited, implying that there are weak regional and domestic channels that can funnel domestic and regional savings into investment in the analysed samples. The importance of regional agreement saving is insignificant and decreases over the analysed period except for the Andean Community. The results indicate low financial integration of the member-countries within the three regional trade agreements.
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Adegboyega, Soliu B., and Sunday I. Oladeji. "The Effect of Saving-Investment Nexus on Current Account Balance in Nigeria." Tanzanian Economic Review 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/ter.v10i2.62.
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This paper explores the impact of both long- and short-term saving-investment nexus on Nigeria’s current account balance. It examines the relationship between domestic savings, investments and current account balance by analysing the position of selected demographic variables in Nigeria, both in the short- and long-term, using the ARDL cointegration method, and a sample period from 1980 to 2018. The study tested whether there was empirical evidence supporting the life-cycle hypothesis (LCH) in Nigeria. However, the study revealed that the coefficient of error correction was negative and highly significant, as well as establishing a long-term cointegration. The study revealed a negative sign of life expectancy; and the ratio of total age dependence was found to be statistically significant, thus indicating that a unit increase in life expectancy and the ratio of total age dependence could result in a decline in current account balance in Nigeria by 1.2796 (127%) and 6.43038 (643%), respectively. This result supported the presence of the LCH theory on saving actions in Nigeria, since people could borrow. In addition, the population growth exhibited a positive relationship with current account balance. Therefore, a unit change in the population age structure is expected to influence saving, investment and current account balance; especially with an increase in population, because the current account is, by definition, equal to the saving-investment balance.
JEL Classification: E21, F32, J13
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Haider, Sajid, Munir Ahmed, Carmen de Pablos, and Aasma Latif. "Household Characteristics and Saving Motives." International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics 7, no. 1 (January 2018): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.2018010103.
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The main objective of this study was to examine the likelihood of household savings in relation to their characteristics, and analyze whether households move to upper level in hierarchy of saving motives as described in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory. This research used primary data by using a questionnaire with six categories of saving motives—daily expenses, emergency motives, major purchases, retirement, children, and investment. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the relationship between household characteristics and saving motives. The results indicate that households with different characteristics save for different motives, and a change in household characteristics causes movement in the hierarchy of saving motives. Lower income households save for lower level needs i.e. daily expenses, while high income households save for higher needs such as investment. Savings for children was reported as the most important saving motive and existed in almost all income groups. Results have implications for policy makers and professional in behavioral finance.
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Dhawan, Deepika, and Sushil Kumar Mehta. "Saving and Investment Pattern: Assessment and Prospects." ACRN Journal of Finance and Risk Perspectives 8, no. 1 (2019): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35944/jofrp.2019.8.1.008.
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Relevance: This study is conducted to look into the investor rationality by examining the pattern of saving and investment in the city of Jammu situated in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Research Objective: The objective of this study is to see the association of saving and income; reasons for saving; and preferences of investors for different investment instruments through administering the structured questionnaire. Methodology: Respondents are conveniently selected based on judgment. One -Way ANOVA, ANCOVA, and MANOVA are used to identify and understand the patterns of saving and investment and underlying triggers for the same. Findings: A relationship between saving and income is found, after controlling for the effects of variables, namely, age, gender, and occupation. Likewise, the impact of gender on financial literacy and awareness is found. This study also finds that people prefer safe and liquid investments with tax benefits, higher returns, and fewer lock-in-periods. Implications: The outcome will help financial consultants and investment managers to know more about the psyche and the level of financial literacy of people, and thus to help them in their objective of garnering funds and invest at a significant level and, finally helping in the capital formation.
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Kalinina, Olga, Vasilii Buniak, Galina Golubnichaya, and Irina Kapustina. "Economic features of investment nature of energy-saving projects in Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 02089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002089.
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This article studies conceptual approaches to the definition of investments in energy saving sector, considers economic features of such investments, and highlights financial aspects making the investments attractive to modern enterprises. The features of energy saving projects’ investment analysis are considered, a model for calculating the payback of such projects at the expense of price or tariff is provided. To improve investments in energy saving sector, division of the process participants into economic entities and state bodies was proposed with separate recommendations provided for each of these groups.
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Febriani, Ratu Eva, Retno Agustina Ekaputri, and Armelly Armelly. "Saving and Investment Nexus in Indonesia: Revisiting Feldstein-Horioka Hypothesis." Integrated Journal of Business and Economics 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2024): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/ijbe.v8i1.849.
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The Indonesian economy cannot be separated from interaction with the economies of other countries, so changes in global conditions will also affect the Indonesian economy. A significant investment is needed to drive the domestic economy, while domestic capital accumulation is still insufficient. The relationship between savings and investment put forward by Feldstein and Horioka (FH) was reviewed for the case of Indonesia from 1981 to 2020. The VECM found a long-term and short-term relationship and a bidirectional Granger causality between saving and investment. The strength of the saving-investment correlation confirms the validity of the FH hypothesis in Indonesia.
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Fikru, Meja, Merihun, Akmel Muhammed, Mubarek Awole, Almaz Tale, Zekarias Zassa, Kifle Abraham, and Maseresha Taddele. "Multiple-Driving Paths of Saving and Investment in Regional Gross Domestic Product of Southern Ethiopia." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 12 (December 30, 2023): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122333.
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Despite an increase in overall economy of the country, saving and investment is still low. As the result, this study was undertaken to factor out the contribution of savings and investment on the regional economic growth of the study area. Cross-sectional data was used for analysis. The descriptive analysis, Logistic regression model and Heckman two stage selection model were used to properly examine the investigation. Thus, majority of the households saved their money in the formal sector of finance rather than in the informal sectors like Iqube and Edir. The rate of saving is much lower than the rate of non-saving in the study area. In addition to that households have higher expenditure on food items than non-food items in the study area. Therefore, despite the fact that enhancing production have a significant implication on the value of saving and investment, it has been revealed that there are major differences from people to people in the study area. Therefore, the existing rate of saving and investment has lesser contribution in the regional economic growth in the area. Moreover, sex, age, household size and expenditure were key to determine the level of saving money in the study area. Therefore, Improving the investment climate, particularly those relating to security of property, crime, political instability, and macroeconomic instability should be taken into account by the government.
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Okoué EDOU, Jacques Janvier. "Saving, investment and international capital mobility." Journal of Academic Finance 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.59051/joaf.v11i1.343.
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This article relates to the econometric checking of M. Feldstein and C. Horioka’s model in Gabon. Like the study achieved by these two authors relatively to the measurement of the capital international mobility, it proposes to analyze, on the econometric plan, the relation Domestic Saving (S) – Domestic Investment (I) of Gabon over the period 1975-2003. Within this framework, it shows that Gabonese interior investment was indeed financed, during the period of study, by Gabonese interior savings. This situation supposes an imperfect international capital mobility or a weak degree of financial integration, main conclusion to which had also led M. Feldstein and C. Horioka.
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Soko, Yohane. "South Africa’s Savings and Economic Development Linkage: Causal Relationship Examination." Journal of Developing Economies 8, no. 2 (December 3, 2023): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jde.v8i2.40462.
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South Africa dreams of eradicating poverty and achieving equitable distribution of its scarce resources among its citizens by 2030. Economic growth sustained over time is crucial in achieving its developmental goals. Domestic savings provide a cheap source of resources for investment that would sustain economic growth. This study explored the relationship between South Africa’s aggregate national savings and aggregate national income from 1987 to 2021. The study utilized Solow’s bivariate model and error correction-centered causality to ensure the robustness of the study results while testing the relationship between saving and economic growth. The study confirmed that aggregate national saving was positively related to South Africa’s economic growth. In the short run, deviations from the long-run paths were partly corrected in the present period. In addition, the study found aggregate national saving Granger caused short- and long-term economic growth. The general policy recommendation is that the Government of South Africa should remove bottlenecks to aggregate national saving mobilization efforts by implementing pro-saving fiscal and monetary policies. High saving rates will stimulate income growth through investments in productive sectors, reducing poverty and inequality.
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ARGY, FRED. "SAVING, INVESTMENT AND EXTERNAL BALANCE." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 7, no. 3 (September 1988): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.1988.tb00577.x.
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Gulley, O. David. "Are saving and investment cointegrated?" Economics Letters 39, no. 1 (May 1992): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(92)90101-4.
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Debaere, Peter, and Ufuk Demiroglu. "International Saving, Investment and Trade." Open Economies Review 19, no. 5 (December 27, 2007): 613–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11079-007-9072-2.
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Asimakopulos, A. "Finance, Liquidity, Saving, and Investment." Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 9, no. 1 (September 1986): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01603477.1986.11489601.
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Davidson, Paul. "Finance, Funding, Saving, and Investment." Journal of Post Keynesian Economics 9, no. 1 (September 1986): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01603477.1986.11489603.
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Jiang, Zhiheng. "Financial Literacy and Saving Behaviors of Households." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 65, no. 1 (December 28, 2023): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/65/20231603.
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This paper studies the relationship between financial/numeric literacy and household saving and investment behaviors using the New York Feds Survey of Consumer Expectations. Using a panel dataset and a regression analysis, the study finds that although overall propensities to save, measured by saving rate and savings-to-wealth ratio, does not show a significant correlation with literacy measures, individuals portfolio choices between risk-free and risky assets are indeed affected by both literacy measures. The research indicates that individuals who report higher self-rated financial literacy and attain higher numeracy scores tend to allocate a more substantial portion of their savings into stocks. By contrast, they are inclined to hold a smaller portion of their wealth in risk-free liquid assets, such as checking accounts. More particularly, individuals with higher numeracy scores tend to allocate approximately 5.384% greater portion of their investments into stocks while simultaneously reducing their investments in checking accounts by 4.251%. Similarly, those with higher financial literacy tend to demonstrate an average increase of 10.085% in stock investments, coupled with a decrease of 12.506% in checking account investments. Notably, these effects are separate from influences of other factors like education, gender, and income.
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Mishra, P. K., and S. K. Mishra. "Revisiting Feldstein–Horioka Puzzle: Evidence from SAARC Economies." Indian Economic Journal 68, no. 2 (June 2020): 172–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220966411.
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In the macroeconomic perspective, domestic saving and investment constitute two important wheels that keep the growth process moving on towards stability. But when domestic savings tend to fly away to foreign countries for excess returns, the warranted domestic investment remains unattained thereby which impair the growth trend unless the gap is bridged by the foreign investment inflows. However, excess inflows of foreign investments may deteriorate current account balances, if not appropriately absorbed. In this pretext, this article revisited the Feldstein–Horioka puzzle with the twin-deficit hypothesis for SAARC countries. The results lend to support the validity of the twin-deficit hypothesis along with a low degree of association between domestic savings and investment in the region thereby justifying the argument that international capital movements or financial integration have increased in the post-reform era. This observation has significant policy implications for the sustained growth of the SAARC nations.
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Ayad, Hicham, and Mostefa Belmokaddem. "Testing the Feldstein Horioka puzzle in Algeria: Maki co-integratioan and hidden causality analysis." Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Statistics 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/icas-2021-0004.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to test the existence of Feldstein Horioka puzzle in the case of Algerian economy for the period 1970-2019 by examining the link between domestic savings and investments, we use in this paper both the co-integration tests under Gregory-Hansen (1996), Hatemi-J (2008) and Maki (2012) tests in the context of structural breaks, and the symmetric and asymmetric causality (hidden causality) proposed by Hacker-Hatemi (2010) and Hatemi (2012) respectively, the results suggest that there is a co-integration relationship between saving and investment with five endogenous structural breaks, and the saving retention coefficient is equal to 0.324 which means the existence of Feldstein-Horioka puzzle in a weaker form and high capital mobility, on the other hand, the results indicate asymmetric causal relationship between savings and investments.