Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Saudi Arabic Population'
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1
Ashwan, Majed Sultan Saad. "The population growth of Riyadh City in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1170/.
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Felemban, H. M. "Studies on the ornithology of south-western Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374257.
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Al-Mazrou, Yagob Yousef. "Bio-demographic determinants of child survival in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, City University London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317616.
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Al-Saud, Haya. "The genetics of obesity in Saudi Arabian population." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/25989.
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Obesity is a highly heritable and genetically heterogeneous disorder. Reports have shown that the number of obese individuals will project to worldwide high levels in the next couple of years. In this study I tried to identify missing heritability in obesity by looking at extreme phenotypes that are likely to be enriched with rare variants. This will improve the power of their discovery by identifying the loci that may reveal more rare variants. I employed the strategy of using 'extreme' sub-groups of obese patients to identify known and novel loci for obesity in the population of Saudi Arabia. Two different approaches were used. The first was to investigate the contribution of copy number variation (CNV) to obesity in Saudi adults/children that have mental retardation, dysmorphic features and obesity or morbid obesity: for adults, this was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 and ≥ 40 kg.m-2 respectively; for children, BMI respectively above the 90th and 97th percentiles. The second was to look for known and new Mendelian forms of obesity in multiplex consanguineous families in children that have extreme obesity (z-BMI above 97th centile). Genome-wide genotyping was performed using the Affymetrix SNP 6.0 Chip platform (AFFYMETRIX, Santa Clara, CA) to discover novel copy number variants using PennCNV. I also used a whole exome sequencing in combination with the detection of runs of homozygosity (ROH) and linkage analysis to screen for known monogenic and possibly novel obesity genes in multiplex Saudi consanguineous families. Two rare obesity causing CNVs were identified from this study. The first was the known chromosome 16p11.2 heterozygous deletion that has been previously shown to be associated with obesity. The second is a novel rare homozygous CNV deletion that encompasses TRIB3 gene that has been previously associated with diabetes. A chromosome 16p11.2 duplication was also found within the known chromosome 16p11.2 deletion. This duplication helped in narrowing down the obesity-causing region within the chromosome 16p11.2 deletion region. Additionally, rare CNV duplication with a size above 500kb were found to be slightly enriched (P=0.017) in cases versus controls. In this study we have also shown the presence of a novel homozygous missense MC4R mutation in combination with a heterozygous missense LPIN3 mutation within the same family. The carriers of MC4R mutation have developed an extreme obesity phenotype on the other hand the carriers of LPIN3 mutation also carried a heterozygous MC4R mutation and were found to be lean suggesting a reverse effect of the LPIN3 gene on the development of obesity. In another family a heterozygous deletion was found in a possibly novel obesity-causing gene CHRNA7. This gene mainly mediates fast signalling transmission at synapses and is found particularly in the lateral hypothalamus that regulates food appetite. In summary, this thesis presents multiple novel CNVs and genes that are found as promising obesity causing variants. It is hoped that the work from this thesis may contribute towards elucidation of the role of CNVs and novel genes in the development of obesity.
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Natto, Suzan Bakur. "Tobacco smoking and periodontal health in a Saudi Arabian population /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-438-4/.
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Al-Fredan, Mohammed Abdulwahab. "Systematics and population variation of the Genus Senna L. (Leguminosae) in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401218.
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Sonbul, Helal. "On caries risk profile and prevention in an adult Saudi population /." Göteborg : Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/21947.
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Al-Omar, Reem S. "Cancer incidence in young people in Saudi Arabia : relation to socioeconomic status and population mixing." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8948/.
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This study describes cancer incidence in under 24 year olds, particularly leukaemias, lymphomas and central nervous system tumours. It also describes the socioeconomic status (SES) of the geographically delimited Governorates in Saudi Arabia, by deriving two indices – the first time this has been done in the country. It also sought to determine whether SES and Hajj (occurring in Makkah) as a measure of population mixing has an association with the incidence of these cancers. During 1994 to 2008, 17,150 cases were identified from the Saudi Cancer Registry. Census data were accessed for 2004 and included 29 indicators. A continuous SES index was constructed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a categorical index using latent class analysis (LCA). Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated for cancers in Makkah compared to other Governorates by year to assess the effect of Hajj, and for all Governorates to assess the effect of SES. The Hajj had no significant effect on the incidence for all cancer groups. The continuous index produced by EFA consisted of scores ranging from 100 to 0, for affluent to deprived Governorates. The LCA found a four-class model as the best model fit. Class 1 was termed ‘affluent’, Class 2 ‘upper-middle’, Class 3 ‘lower-middle’ and Class 4 ‘deprived’. The urbanised Governorates were affluent, whereas the rural Governorates were on average more deprived. For SES, an elevated risk was found for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the affluent class (IRR=1.38, 95%CI=1.23-1.54), and was reduced in the deprived class (IRR=0.17, 95%CI=0.10-0.29). Similar associations were observed for all cancer groups. The findings are not supportive of the PM hypothesis, but give support to the delayed infection hypothesis, suggesting that delayed exposure to infections may prevent immune system modulation, although results may be exacerbated by poor case-ascertainment/under-diagnosis in deprived areas. Similarities between the two indices suggest validity.
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Al-Otaibi, Meshari. "The miswak (chewing stick) and oral health : studies on oral hygiene practices of urban Saudi Arabians /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-953-6.
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Alahmadi, Mohammed. "Estimating the spatial distribution of the population of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia using remotely sensed built land cover and height data." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.664981.
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Timely and accurate data on the spatial distribution of the population for small urban areas are a key requirement for sustainable development. Unfortunately, population data in many countries is limited by coarse spatial and temporal resolution. The aim of this research was to develop, refine and validate a model that uses remotely sensed satellite sensor data, demographic data and field survey data to obtain an accurate small-area population map. It uses the specific case study of Saudi Arabia, where few studies have attempted to estimate population distributions at fine scale. Moreover, it is desired to better understand how (i) different image algorithms affect the accuracy of land cover data and Cii) different spatial resolution satellite sensor data affect the discrimination of urban characteristics to be used as input to a predictive model. This research investigated a range of models of the relationship between dwelling unit density and urban remote sensing covariates, with a view to predicting dwelling unit density at a finer spatial resolution than currently available and subsequently to transform this distribution to estimate population. The main contribution of this research was to demonstrate the gradual refinement of the predictive model using both Ci) a variety of explanatory variables including building height and the number of floors and a choice of resolutions and Cii) a set of alternative models including global regression, regional regression, geographically weighted regression and dasymetric mapping. The fitted models varied in terms of their accuracies. The set of models that used detailed residential land use classes obtained from fine spatial resolution satellite sensor data were the most accurate compared with the set of models that used general land cover classes obtained from coarse spatial resolution satellite sensor data. 6-class dasymetric mapping was the most accurate model of all those tested.
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Al-Sheikh, Adel Haidar. "Studies on the ecology, vectorial role and population structure of Anopheles arabiensis in the Tihama region of Saudi Arabia and Yemen." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411422.
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Al-Otaibi, Luba M. "Studies into the disparity in extent of human herpes virus 8 infection in Saudi Arabian general population, chronic renal failure patients and renal allograft recipients." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444092/.
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Transplantation-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), causatively associated with human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), is particularly prevalent in Saudi Arabia, although the prevalence rate of HHV-8 infection in the general population there is comparable to that in other geographical regions. The serologic and genomic prevalences of HHV-8 in samples representing the general population (n=238), patients with end-stage renal disease (n=78), and renal allograft recipients (n=66) were investigated. To evaluate if oral shedding of HHV-8 might play a role in transplantation KS, the extent of HHV-8 shedding in the mouth compared to other anatomical compartments, and the presence of multiple HHV-8 infection were also studied. PCR protocols were applied to amplify 3 fragments of the viral genome (from open reading frames 26 and K1) from whole-mouth saliva, parotid saliva, buccal and palatal exfoliates, plasma, sub sets of peripheral blood cells, and KS lesional tissue, and to quantify the salivary viral load. Demographic and clinical data were analysed to identify risk factors for HHV-8 infection. A higher HHV-8 seroprevalence was observed in patients with renal disease compared to the general population, but no significant difference in HHV-8 DNA detection rates in CD45+ cells was found. The oral cavity was identified as a major site of HHV-8 shedding in renal disease patients regardless of a previous history of KS. In patients with end-stage renal disease, HHV-8 DNA was more frequently detectable in oral samples than in blood. They and renal allograft recipients showed evidence of being multiply infected by HHV-8. These findings suggest that iatrogenic, salivary HHV-8 transmission between patients with renal disease prior to transplantation accounts for the relatively high prevalence of HHV-8 infection. Implementation of measures to minimise contamination of oral fluid between renal disease patients may play a role in controlling HHV-8 transmission and reduce the incidence of transplantation-associated KS.
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Barabba, Saleh. "L'aide publique saoudienne au développement : instrument politique ou outil de promotion de développement ?" Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10389.
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Notre recherche combine deux approches dans l’analyse de la politique étrangère saoudienne relative à l’octroi de l’aide au développement: i) une approche interne (analyse des politique générales : l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre des programmes d’aide publique au développement ; l’identification des principaux acteurs de l’APD et l’analyse des résultats de l’APD ? ii) et une approche internationale (en se basant sur la théorie des relations internationales, nous identifions les mécanismes qui sous-Tendent la politique d’aide saoudienne ainsi que le rôle du Fonds Saoudien de Développement dans l’efficacité et l’efficience de l’Aide Publique au Développement. Nous cherchons, tout au long de ce travail, à apporter des éléments de réponse quant à l’ambivalence qui plane sur le visé de l’APD saoudienne. Nous traitons la question des aides internationales et les programmes du développement présentés par le gouvernement saoudien. L’objectif de ce travail sera donc l’étude et l’analyse du rôle de l’APD saoudienne dans la lutte contre la pauvreté essentiellement dans les pays en développementOur research combines two approaches in the analysis of Saudi foreign policy on the granting of development assistance: i) an internal approach (general policy analysis: the development and implementation of assistance programs official development identifying the main actors of ODA and analysis of the results of ODA? ii) and an international approach (based on the theory of international relations, we identify the mechanisms that underlie Saudi aid policy and the role of the Saudi Development Fund in the efficiency and effectiveness of ODA. We seek, throughout this work, to provide some answers about the ambivalence that hovers over the target of ODA Saudi Arabia. We treat the issue of international aid and development programs presented by the Saudi government. objective of this work will be the study and analysis of the role of ODA Saudi in the fight against poverty mainly in developing countries
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Wilson, Sara N. "Assessment of Genetic Connectivity between Sudan and Saudi Arabia for Commercially Important Fish Species." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/626344.
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Patterns of genetic connectivity can help answer key questions about the evolutionary ecology of fishes. This knowledge is particularly useful when considering the management and conservation of species that are impacted by fisheries. Population connectivity in ocean habitats is heavily influenced by environmental and oceanographic factors. These factors can lead to strong genetic differences within populations, causing fragmentation into smaller subpopulations. The Red Sea exhibits pronounced oceanographic gradients in temperature, chlorophyll, and salinity, which have been assessed in various species’ populations and which have been found to have potential impacts on gene flow. The Red Sea also features strong cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies that may facilitate, or possibly inhibit, the transport of larvae throughout the Red Sea, potentially influencing gene flow themselves. The ability of oceanographic factors like eddies to structure wild fisheries populations in this region has yet to be fully determined. To address this, the genetic composition of two of the most highly fished species, (Plectropomus areolatus and Plectropomus pessuliferus marisrubri), in the Red Sea were evaluated utilizing genetic markers (polymorphic microsatellite loci). Samples from three geographically separate regions along the Saudi Arabian Red Sea coastline, as well as from Sudan, were analyzed to address latitudinal and cross-sea connectivity. I was able to determine that little genetic differentiation exists within Plectropomus species across all regions of the Red Sea, indicating high gene flow for these species throughout. These findings highlight the ability of currents and eddies to transport larvae along and across the Red Sea. The results from this study also indicate that a single population of P. areolatus and a single population of P. pessuliferus marisrubri occurs in the Red Sea. The high degree of genetic flow suggests that each species should be managed as individual units. This study presents a plausible avenue for buffering the effects of overfishing currently occurring in Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabian fish subpopulations may be reseeded by the Sudanese subpopulations.
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"The implications of human population movement for malaria elimination in southwest border of Saudi Arabia." Tulane University, 2021.
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archives@tulane.eduThese studies explore malaria on the southern border of Saudi Arabia, a region where malaria cases are resurging, and elimination efforts are stalled. Malaria is a major public health concern on the southern border due to the area’s favorable ecology, competent vectors, frequent transmission in active foci, population movements, and underserved mobile and migrant populations (MMPs), which may serve as a parasite reservoir. The geographic focus of this study is in Jazan province, located in Saudi Arabia’s border with Yemen, where security is unstable due to conflict and civil unrest in Yemen. Public health surveillance methods for implementing effective malaria elimination strategies in the region require knowledge and understanding of current epidemiological trends and human activities that contribute to sustained malaria transmission in the geographically, historically, and politically complex region. The objectives of this dissertation are to describe malaria trends at border areas; to assess surveillance current tools ‘travel history’, a criterion to classify cases; to assess human livelihood activities contributing to malaria transmission; to identify and understand attitudes about malaria held by Mobile and Migrant Populations (MMPs); to identify treatment and prevention seeking behaviors of these populations. This information is critical to prioritize interventions tackling border malaria and implementation of effective malaria elimination strategies in the border region. Study results showed that small-scale human movement within the region is more associated with a risk of malaria infection than factors such as socio–economic status, agricultural livelihood activities, rearing animals, and participation in daily or seasonal spiritual gatherings. The peer navigator recruitment method, which uses a standard chain referral approach, showed that MMPs in Jazan have high levels of malaria knowledge and risk perception but low levels of treatment-seeking behavior and access to prevention. The reliability of the current surveillance tools used to characterize and report malaria cases based on international travel history decreased in elimination settings located closer to the border. These results have significant implications for malaria elimination strategies, including identifying risk factors for malaria transmission, developing disease surveillance methods targeting hard-to-reach populations, and serving as a foundation and baseline data for future border health studies of malaria and another vector–borne disease in this region.
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Shaymaa Abdalal
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Al-Khathami, Abdullah Dukhail. "The effect of diabetes mellitus on the presentation of depression in a primary care population in Saudi Arabia." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/52274.
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ABSTRACT: Background: Depression is a common disorder with more than 300 million people worldwide. The comorbidity of depression and diabetes has a high prevalence rate. Collaborative care in diabetes should include screening for depression and patients with depression should be screened for diabetes for better patients care outcome.
Objective: To identify the effect of diabetes mellitus on the depression presentations in the primary-care centers.
Method: A case-control study was conducted at 11 PHC centers during April-May, 2017. Out of 185 patients who fulfill the study criteria, 74 who had depression with co-morbid with diabetes formed the Case-sample, 111 depressed patients not co-morbid formed the Control sample.
PHQ-9 used as the diagnostic tool for depression. The satisfaction level and patients’ file were assessed and explored the diagnosed and missed cases by the PHC doctors. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Odds ratios (OR) demonstrated with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) and P–value < 0.05. Results: Comorbid depression and diabetes have a significantly high mean of TG and HbA1c. Physical activity and sleep pattern were better among comorbid cases. At the same time, they were unsatisfied with their care in the PHC centers.
Most of the depressant patients were missed by their PHC doctors (74%), that worse when the patients had comorbid with diabetes (85%) with significantly different (p-value=0.005).
Conclusion: In diabetic patients, depression is mostly missed by the PHC physicians. Therefore, depression should be predicted in diabetic patients particularly, uncontrolled diabetes, unsatisfied patients. integrated depression management in diabetic care is necessary to improve clinical outcomes and reduce the burden of illness
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Hardenstine, Royale. "A Tale of Two Aggregations: Kinship and Population Genetics of Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus) at Shib Habil, Saudi Arabia, and Mafia Island, Tanzania." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/583816.
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In a recent global study of whale shark population genetics, aggregations were found to belong to either the Indo-Pacific or Atlantic population. This overview included an aggregation found within the Red Sea near Al Lith, Saudi Arabia, however the Mafia Island, Tanzania, aggregation was not part of the study. Both aggregations have unique aspects with the Saudi Arabian individuals showing sexual parity with no segregation, while recent acoustic results have revealed cryptic residency at Mafia Island. Genetic analysis using 11 microsatellite markers was performed on whale sharks from both locations. A combination of primers sourced from previous studies and newly designed primers were used to compare both aggregations and the individuals within. Samples were collected in the Red Sea for 5 seasons spanning 6 years, and for 2 seasons in Tanzania. Analysis with STRUCTURE showed a lack of significant genetic differences between the two aggregations, confirming that whale sharks in Tanzania are part of the Indo-Pacific population. Kinship analysis using COLONY found two potential pairs of full siblings in Tanzania. One pair had a high probability (.993) of being a full sibling dyad while the other had a lower probability (.357). There were no sibling pairs identified from the Red Sea aggregation. Genetic diversity was investigated using allelic richness over the 6 seasons at Al Lith, with values showing no significant change. This is in contrast to results that showed a decline in genetic diversity at Western Australia’s Ningaloo reef. These differences, however, only highlight the need for genetic diversity studies over longer time periods and at other aggregations within the Indo-Pacific.
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Nanninga, Gerrit B. "Merging Approaches to Explore Connectivity in the Anemonefish, Amphiprion bicinctus, along the Saudi Arabian Coast of the Red Sea." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/302603.
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The field of marine population connectivity is receiving growing attention from
ecologists worldwide. The degree to which metapopulations are connected via larval
dispersal has vital ramifications for demographic and evolutionary dynamics and largely
determines the way we manage threatened coastal ecosystems. Here we addressed
different questions relating to connectivity by integrating direct and indirect genetic
approaches over different spatial and ecological scales in a coral reef fish in the Red Sea.
We developed 35 novel microsatellite loci for our study organism the two-band
anemonefish Amphiprion bicinctus (Rüppel 1830), which served as the basis of the
following approaches. First, we collected nearly one thousand samples of A. bicinctus
from 19 locations across 1500 km along the Saudi Arabian coast to infer population
genetic structure. Genetic variability along the northern and central coast was weak, but
showed a significant break at approximately 20°N. Implementing a model of isolation by
environment with chlorophyll-a concentrations and geographic distance as predictors we
were able to explain over 90% of the genetic variability in the data (R2 = 0.92). For the
second approach we sampled 311 (c. 99%) putative parents and 172 juveniles at an
isolated reef, Quita al Girsh (QG), to estimate self-recruitment using genetic parentage
analysis. Additionally we collected 176 juveniles at surrounding locations to estimate
larval dispersal from QG and ran a biophysical dispersal model of the system with real5
time climatological forcing. In concordance with model predictions, we found a complete
lack (c. 0.5%) of self-recruitment over two sampling periods within our study system,
thus presenting the first empirical evidence for a largely open reef fish population. Lastly,
to conceptualize different hypotheses regarding the underlying processes and
mechanisms of self-recruitment versus long-distance dispersal in marine organisms with
pelagic larval stages, I introduce and discuss the concept of “origin effects”, providing
the theoretical background to some of the questions that have arisen during this research.
Overall, this thesis has generated significant new insights into the patterns of coral reef
fish connectivity, specifically for the Red Sea, where such information has previously
been scarce.
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Maake, Pauline Mmaletshabo. "Pre-operative patient education for patients undergoing kidney transplant as viewed by nephrology nurses." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23708.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the views of nephrology nurses regarding pre-operative education prior to kidney transplant. The study was conducted in Nephrology Ward in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Qualitative descriptive design was used. Purposive non-probability sampling was used until data saturation occurred. Target population were registered nurses working in the Nephrology Unit. Both male and female nurses aged between 25 and 59 years working for a period of at least one year in the Nephrology Unit were included in the study. Data saturation was reached after interviewing 15 nephrology nurses. Themes and categories emerged from adopting Creswell’s (2013) “data analysis spiral”. Some of the key findings were that pre-operative patient education is a multidisciplinary team approach and that psychosocial aspects of the patients should be taken into consideration before educating the patients. Conclusions were drawn and recommendations were also made from findings of this study. Ultimately, key recommendations were that there is a need to train and empower nurses in importance of delivering pre-operative education and that expatriate nurses have access to Arabic speakers to overcome language barriers while educating the patientsHealth Studies
M.A. (Health Studies)
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Menjivar, Liliana. "A metapopulation model for mass gatherings Application: global travel, Hajj and the spread of measles." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22178.
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Mass gatherings stress local and global health care systems as they bring together individuals from all over the world that have very different health conditions. We firstly provide an overview of the concepts and results of mathematical epidemiology and public health. Secondly, we present an introduction to the mathematical modelling of measles using deterministic and stochastic approaches for both single and multiple populations. Lastly, we develop a model for mass gatherings and present an application to measles during the Hajj by studying an SIR deterministic metapopulation model with residency and its stochastic analogue. The models incorporate real world country data and time dependent movement and transmission rates, accounting for realistic volume of international travel and seasonality of measles activity. Numerical results for the deterministic system are presented. We conclude with a discussion on further work.