Journal articles: 'Saudi Arabia'

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Abdo Hamud, Sh aalan Mohamed, and Raisa A. Ak hmedyanova. "Oil, gas industry of Saudi Arabia." Butlerov Communications 63, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-63-9-105.

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The review of the oil and gas industry in Saudi Arabia is Conducted. Data on oil and gas reserves, consumption, and exports are provided. Saudi Arabia is one of the largest non-FTI producers in the Russian Federation among the non-FTI exporters (OPEC). BL agodarya mirovym za pasam not FTI, one of the most important ones in the world, but the one with the most inquisitive in the field of energy from rasli, Saudi Arabia, is the largest exporter of oil. The data on oil reserves of the largest fields, including the largest in the world of the terikovoye non-oil field of Gavar are presented. Saudi Arabia occupies the fifth place in the world in the field of natural gas passes, with a volume of 294 trillion cubic feet, and the third place in the field of natural gas passes in the Far East. Saudi Arabia they EET de nine EXT morning not preparatively for waste water treatment, of which four PR andlegal Saudi Aramco and the OS the rest of the floor joint PR Adbrite with to foreign companies. The largest oil and gas companies represented in SaudiI Arawia are named, in particular: Saudi Aramco, Saudi Shell, Saudi Exxon Mobil, Saudi Chevron, Total, Eni, Sinopec, Sumitomo. It is shown that Saudi Ar amco is a non-state oil company of Saudi Arabia, the largest in the world in terms of oil production and oil reserves. The company also controls natural gas production in the country. Saudi Aramco is a national non-oil company Of the Saudi Aravia, which is responsible for non-oil and gas operations throughout the Kingdom. Recently, the main goal is to use unconventional gas sources, namely shale gas production. Currently, the company Saudi Aramco has more than 16 drilling rigs for the extraction of shale gas. By the end of 2020, the company is expected to extract 3 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day.

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EBEJER, M. J. "A conspectus of the silver-flies (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) of the Middle East with descriptions of new species of Chamaemyia Meigen and Melanochthiphila Frey, from the Arabian Peninsula." Zootaxa 4319, no. 3 (September 13, 2017): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4319.3.3.

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An overview of the Chamaemyiidae of the Middle East is given with species distribution within the Arabian Peninsula. For countries bordering Saudi Arabia, the distribution is tabulated. Data on new records for species of Chamaemyiidae from countries within the Arabian Peninsula are included. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for Chamaemyia aurilinea sp. n., C. grisea sp. n., C. xanthopoda sp. n. and Melanochthiphila arabica sp. n. from Saudi Arabia.

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Amanah, Tazkiyyatul, and Puspita Herwening. "KARAKTERISTIK LAGU-LAGU KEBANGSAAN ARAB: ANALISIS FONOLOGI." Lughawiyah: Journal of Arabic Education and Linguistics 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/lughawiyah.v3i1.3191.

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This study aims to determine the phonetic characteristics of the Arabic national anthems. The object of this research is the national anthems of three countries, namely Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Morocco. This research used a linguistic-phonetic approach. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive analysis. The results described that there were differences in vowel and consonant characteristics between the national anthems of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Morocco. Based on the number, the comparison in the national anthems of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Morocco was 84:156:142 for vowels, 15:44:19 for semi-vowels, and 82:161:110 for consonants. The Egyptian national anthem used long vowels (31.4%) more dominantly than the national anthems of Saudi Arabia and Morocco, while the Saudi Arabian national anthem used more thick (6%) and semi-thick (6%) vowels compared to Egyptian and Moroccan national anthems. For the consonant level, the three national anthems were dominated by alveodental consonants, the letters that come from the tip of the tongue, namely 39% for the Saudi Arabian, 34.2% for the Egyptian, and 36.4% for the Moroccan national anthems.

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Abdulaziz, Alotaibi. "The Importance of Arabic Language on Advertising Content in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 11 (June 28, 2024): 2316–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/bx4mrw50.

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The provision of Arabic language content when it comes to advertising is now seen as a trend in Saudi Arabia, and numerous factors have been seen to be the driving force behind this pattern. Having the Arabic language in Saudi Arabia's advertising space is not just an issue but also a crucial necessity.To investigate the role and magnitude of utilizing Arabic content in advertisement in the marketing domain in the Saudi Arabian market.The study applies qualitative methods. Semi-structured interviews are used to collect data from 12 Saudi consumers. The brand's engagement with the culture is significantly enhanced by incorporating Arabic language into their advertising, ensuring authenticity and cultural sensitivity, thereby fostering genuine connections with their target audienceUsing Arabic language in advertising campaigns significantly impacts customer engagement and brand perception in the Saudi Arabian market.

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Aloufi, Abdulhadi A., Zuhair S. Amr, and Mohammad A. Abu Baker. "Reptiles and Amphibians of Al Madinah Al Munawwarah Province, Saudi Arabia." Russian Journal of Herpetology 28, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-3-123-137.

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A total of 44 species of amphibians and reptiles are reported from Al Madinah Al Munawwarah Province, Saudi Arabia. They include two species of amphibian in two families (Bufonidae and Dicroglossidae) and 42 reptiles belonging to 16 families (Agamidae, Boidae, Chamaeleonidae, Colubridae, Elapidae, Gekkonidae, Lacertidae, Lamprophiidae, Leptotyphlopidae, Phyllodactylidae, Psammophiidae, Scincidae, Sphaerodactylidae, Varanidae, Typhlopidae, and Viperidae). Platyceps sinai, Psammophis sibilans, Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus, are recorded for the first time to the herpetofauna of Saudi Arabia. Range expansion for Euphlyctis ehrenbergii and Acanthocercus adramitanus to northern Saudi Arabia is reported. Our records expand the known distribution range of the Arabian Cobra, Naja arabica, further northwest.

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Hamad Alharthi, Dimah. "Re-representing the Self: Saudi Translators’ Doxic Peritextual Practice of Deconstructing Orientalists’ Writings about Arabia." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 4, no. 4 (October 15, 2020): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol4no4.9.

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This paper explores the Saudis’ employment of translation to let their country speak for itself and undermine the Orientalists’ ability to represent Saudi Arabia. The paper serves as an attempt to fill two gaps; presenting Saudi identity from a Saudi perspective and examining the Saudi translators’ agency. To fill these gaps, the following question is raised: what is the role of the Saudi translators when translating Orientalists’ accounts about Arabia to reconstruct the image of Saudi Arabia? The paper aims to examine the prevailing practices of Saudi translators of Orientalists’ writings about Arabia into Arabic. The paper adopts Bourdieu’s apparatus of doxa, and Genette’s conception of peritexts to analyze the practices of three Saudi academics/translators in Saudi History; namely, ‘Abd Allah Al ‘Askar, ‘Abd Allah Al-‘Uthaymīn, and ‘Uwaīdah Al Juhany. The argued misrepresentation of Saudi Arabia within Orientalists’ writings led Saudi academics/translators to adopt deconstruction as a doxic critique in the peritexts of their TTs to reconstruct the image of the Self (i.e., Saudi Arabia), and hence overturn the Other’s (i.e., Orientalists’) narratives. Owing to the Saudi academics/translators’ ability to compare historical sources and evaluate Orientalists’ assumptions about the Kingdom, one of the rules of the game is that deconstruction is practiced by these academics. Saudi academics/translators perceive such a practice as a national service, considering that, through their peritexts, they grant Saudi Arabia an opportunity to represent itself through its own voice. This doxic practice presents Saudi translators, not as servants of the STs, but rather as authors, with something to say about their national identity.

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Akbar, D. H. "Cardiovascular risk factors in Saudi Arabian and non-Saudi Arabian diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 9, no. 5-6 (March 31, 2003): 884–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2003.9.5-6.884.

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To determine frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in Saudi and non-Saudi diabetics, we studied patients attending King Abdulaziz University Hospital for follow-up in the period January 1997 to December 2001. Cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and smoking, were studied as well as degree of blood glucose control. Of 1122 patients in the study, 48% were Saudis and 52% non-Saudis. No statistically significant difference was found for prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors between the two groups. Correlation of each of the risk factors to patient’s age showed significant correlation to hypertension and smoking

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Al-Ageel, Hessah. "Requests in Saudi Pidgin Arabic." Business Management and Strategy 6, no. 1 (July 11, 2015): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v6i1.7682.

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<p>This study aims to investigate Saudi Pidgin Arabic (SPA) as one of the linguistic varieties that has emerged as a result of the interaction between Saudis and Asian workers. Linguistic and sociolinguistic analysis has been conducted for requestive expressions made by two generations of Saudi female speakers to female Asian workers in the cafeteria of a governmental institute in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study shows that the use of SPA is largely limited to the simplest forms of verb and noun phrases that are used in Najdi Arabic (the variety that is used in the middle region of Arabian Peninsula), the lexifier language of SPA. The impact of English on the younger generation is shown by the tendency of younger participants to employ English expressions. A sociolinguistic analysis also shows the impact of the social variables of power, status, social distance and the age of the requester. </p>

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Ganefri, Ganefri, Fuady Anwar, Murniyetti Murniyetti, Zainurni Zein, and Sutria Rahayu. "Roles of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Toward the Development of Knowledge and Ulama." Khalifa: Journal of Islamic Education 1, no. 2 (January 20, 2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/kjie.v1i2.10.

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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the largest Islamic countries lies in Arabian Peninsula. The government bases its legitimacy on its interpretation of Sharia (Islamic law) and the 1992 Basic Law. The Basic Law sets out the system of governance, rights of citizens, and powers and duties of the government. The law also provides that the Qur'an and the Traditions (Sunna) of the Prophet Muhammad serve as the country's constitution. As an Islamic country which is rich in culture and natural resources, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia plays prominent influence in Islamic world for various aspects in politics, culture, economics, trading and education. The contribution of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia can be clearly seen in education sector, particularly in Al-Quran and Sunnah studies. The country provides a wide opportunity and great facilitation for those who wants to study in Saudi Arabia in their own country. The founding of the Institute of Islamic and Arabic Science (LIPIA) in Indonesia as an important affiliation of Al Imaam University is regarded as real concern of Saudi Arabia in Islamic studies development. Further, pursuant to history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ulama plays respected crucial roles in the government. They are not merely respected for the high and exclusive knowledge in religion, but they are also regarded having capability in balancing the stability of the country. It implies that the government and ulama mutually work to protect the glory of Islam and the Kingdom

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al-Rojaie, Yousef. "Sociolinguistics in Saudi Arabia: Present situation and future directions." Journal of Arabic Sociolinguistics 1, no. 1 (March 2023): 76–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/arabic.2023.0006.

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This study provides a brief state-of-the-art overview of sociolinguistic research in Saudi Arabia. It begins with a historical review of the language situation in Saudi Arabia in an attempt to relate the past situation with current language use, focusing on studies that examine Arabic dialects of major tribes and urban centers in the Arabian Peninsula before and after the creation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It continues with a schematic survey of major trends in Saudi sociolinguistic works over the past few decades, including language variation and change, language contact, language attitudes, and code-switching. As such trends unfolded, researchers investigated the processes of dialect contact, mixing, and, ultimately, koineization and followed, in particular, the socioeconomic changes that Saudi Arabia has witnessed in terms of the spread of education, population movements, and urbanization patterns. Special attention is given to the various sociolinguistic methods employed in such works, as well as the linguistic features that are examined. This study concluded with future directions for Saudi sociolinguistic research in an effort to highlight topics and concerns that need further research, such as certain sociolects and ethnolects, and also new topics and trends associated with language use in social media, particularly by the younger generation.

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Mustafa, Rami F., and Salah Troudi. "Saudi Arabia and Saudi Women in Research Literature: A Critical Look." Asian Social Science 15, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v15n2p133.

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The literature abounds with many researches and articles that are written in a way that portray the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as the poster child of hegemony, essentialism and women oppression. In recent years, no aspect of Saudi Arabian society has been subject to more scrutiny and debate than the women’s domain. Women’s rights and responsibilities have been controversial issues among both conservatives and progressives in Saudi Arabia; nevertheless, Saudi women remain among the least studied population. This study draws on the academic and professional experiences of the author dealing with Saudi women in Canada, the UK, the USA and inside Saudi Arabia to further the critical scholarship on Saudi Arabia and Saudi women as site and population of academic research to avoid the essentialist, orientalist and Westernized understanding of Saudi Arabia and Saudi women. This article is a springboard to any researcher interested in studying – critically- Saudi women’s issues.

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Alshammari, Faten, and Youn-Kyung Kim. "Seeking and escaping in a Saudi Arabian festival." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 10, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-02-2018-0015.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether visitors’ seeking and escaping motivations influence the cognitive evaluation of a non-traditional festival in Saudi Arabia, which in turn leads to the sense of joy and subsequent word-of-mouth publicity. In Saudi Arabia, leisure and tourism opportunities are limited and many Saudis have a strong desire for new leisure experiences. Although the government and event organizers have made efforts to provide visitors with unconventional experiences at non-tradition-based festivals, these festivals have not attracted many Saudi Arabian visitors. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative methodology was used based on the on-site data collected from 458 visitors attending the Abha summer festival in Saudi Arabia. A structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships among seeking motivations, escaping motivations, cognitive evaluation, sense of joy and word-of-mouth. Findings The result reveals that two seeking motivations (i.e. food and entertainment) and two escaping motivations (i.e. diversion and escape) influence cognitive evaluation, which in turn influences their sense of joy and ultimately word-of-mouth. However, novelty, a seeking motivation, does not influence cognitive evaluation. Research limitations/implications The authors limited the study of seeking and escaping motivations to one non-traditional festival in Saudi Arabia. Further studies can use multiple festivals to increase generalizability to non-traditional festivals in Saudi Arabia. Another extension of this study would be to examine these motivations in both traditional and non-traditional festivals in Saudi Arabia to assess to what extent visitors’ seeking and escaping motivations are fulfilled in each type of festival. Practical implications Diversion motivation is the most important factor for non-traditional festival organizers to consider in developing strategies to attract more visitors in Saudi Arabia. Originality/value This paper is the first that applies Iso-Ahola’s motivation theory and the cognitive appraisal theory of emotion in the non-traditional festival setting in Saudi Arabia.

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DAWAH, HASSAN A., MOHAMMED A. ABDULLAH, and JOHN C. DEEMING. "An overview of the Chloropidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia." Zootaxa 4791, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 1–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4791.1.1.

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Chloropidae are of major economic importance, since the larvae of some species are pests of cereals and grasses, some are parasitoids and predators, and adults of some Hippelates spp. visit and transmit or are suspected of transmitting yaws sores in man and animals and by feeding around the eyes are vectors of Brazilian Purpuric Fever. Within the framework of the exploration of the biodiversity of Diptera in Southwest Saudi Arabia a survey of the grass flies fauna in 18 sites in Jazan, Asir, and Najran in south-western Saudi Arabia was performed mainly using Malaise traps and sweep nets from 2010– to 2016. Sixty six species of 43 genera and three subfamilies of Chloropidae were identified and are recorded from Saudi Arabia, 20 of them for the first time and three are described as new species: Elachiptera arabica Deeming sp. n.; Kwarea ismayi Deeming sp.n. and Tricimba turneri Deeming sp.n.. This makes the total number of Chloropidae species in Saudi Arabia 95 (including 29 species previously recorded). Seventy images are presented. The species of Chloropidae listed are predominantly of Afrotropical/ Palaearctic origin. An updated checklist of Chloropidae species of Saudi Arabia is presented.This study adds new records of Chloropidae to the Saudi Arabian Diptera fauna, which will become reference points for research detailing the systematic geographic distribution and for identifying other specimens submitted for identification. Further species will undoubtedly be discovered with more research involving collecting and rearing methods.

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Zaghir Adhab AL-KHAFAGY, Nawal. "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND ITS INTEREST IN SAUDI ARABIA 1939-1950." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 4, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 256–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.17.19.

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The study aims to Since the outbreak of world war, the United States has begun to expand its spheres of influence in the world, particularly the Arabian Gulf region, and the importance of the Arabian Gulf as a vital region in the world has increased after the emergence of oil as well as its importance to the United States, so it began to conclude agreements with Saudi Arabia, especially since the source of energy and its oil components was discovered in large quantities in the territory of Saudi Arabia. It has extended its influence through oil companies, through treaties and military bases to protect areas of influence in Saudi Arabia, the most important of which is the Dhahran base, and Aramco has focused on Saudi oil production. Key words: United States of America, Saudi Arabia, The Outbreak of World War

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Ali, Anis, and Anas A. Salameh. "Payment and settlement system in Saudi Arabia: A multidimensional study." Banks and Bank Systems 18, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.18(1).2023.04.

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A country’s payment and settlement system refers to payment means or instruments, procedures, supportive and technical services of clearance, fund transfer, and final settlement. To study the various dimensions of the payment and settlement system, an online survey was administered and 240 responses were collected from Saudi and non-Saudi nationals, while secondary data were obtained from the SAMA (Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority) website. Index numbers, percentages, ranks, Average Trend Growth Rate, and payment weights means are applied to get the mutual growth trend, average growth, and contribution of specific means in payment and settlement in Saudi Arabia. There are negative trends in the traditional payment and settlement system in Saudi Arabia. Based on the value (amount) of transactions, Mada (Debit card) and E-payment (SADAD – a payment system, and SARIE – Saudi Arabian Riyal Interbank Express) are the most significant contributors to online payment (51.63%), while POS (point of sale) is the fastest-growing (158%) means of payment and settlement in Saudi Arabia. The means of traditional payment and settlement negligibly (&lt; 1%) contribute to the payment and settlement system in Saudi Arabia. The analysis of responses reveals that payment and settlement users were unsatisfied with the various dimensions of security (39%) and traceability (35%) of the payment and settlement systems in Saudi Arabia. All dimensions of security and traceability must be considered to increase the degree of satisfaction with payments and, in particular, settlements in Saudi Arabia. Acknowledgment The authors are grateful to the Deanship of Scientific Research, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia, for providing funding to complete this project (Project No. 2021/02/18709).

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Susanto, Dwi, Miftah Nugroho, and Rianna Wati. "Dunia Arab Saudi dan Islam dalam pandangan orang Indonesia: Narasi pekerja migran dalam novel Pelukis Gurun Pasir (2018) karya Fuad Abdurahman." Bahasa dan Seni: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Pengajarannya 49, no. 1 (February 27, 2021): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um015v49i12021p122.

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The world of Saudi Arabia and Islam in the perspectives of Indonesians: The narrative of migrant workers in Pelukis Gurun Pasir (2018) by Fuad AbdurahmanThe world of Saudi Arabia in the diaspora experiences of Fuad Abdurahman is written in a novel entitled Pelukis Gurun Pasir (2018). The problems discussed in this study are: (1) the position of subject or author in the narrative structure of the text, (2) the author's relationship with the country of origin, and (3) the voices that appear within the migrant subject in dealing with Saudi Arabian tradition. The theory used is diaspora poetics, which emphasizes the concept of language expression as part of the subject's identity. The object of the research is Pelukis Gurun Pasir (2018) and the author's response to traditions in Saudi Arabia. The data include the narrative structure of the novel’s text, the ideas in the text, the author's biography, and diaspora discourse or social situations. The results show that the image of Saudi Arabian society tends to be evaluated negatively by emphasizing on the chaotic sexuality description of Arabic men, making Saudi Arabia a masculine country. In addition, the author finds tolerant Islamic values in Indonesia, which causes his longing to return to Indonesia.Keywords: diaspora, atuhor, Saudi Arabia, narrative structureDunia Arab Saudi dan Islam dalam pandangan orang Indonesia: Narasi pekerja migran dalam novel Pelukis Gurun Pasir (2018) karya Fuad AbdurahmanDunia Arab Saudi dalam pengalaman diaspora Fuad Abdurahman dituliskan dalam Pelukis Gurun Pasir (2018). Masalah yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) posisi subjek atau pengarang dalam tata naratif teks (2) hubungan pengarang dengan negeri asal, dan (3) suara-suara yang muncul dalam diri subjek migran dalam menghadapi tradisi Arab Saudi. Teori yang digunakan adalah puitika diaspora yang menekan pada konsep ekpresi bahasa sebagai bagian dari identitas subjek. Objek kajian penelitian adalah novel Pelukis Gurun Pasir (2018) dan tanggapan pengarang terhadap tradisi di Arab Saudi. Data yang digunakan adalah tata naratif teks novel, gagasan yang muncul dalam teks, riwayat pengarang, dan wacana diaspora atau situasi sosial. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa citra masyarakat Arab Saudi cenderung dinilai secara negatif dengan menekankan pada deskripsi seksualitas yang kacau dari laki-laki Arab sehingga Arab Saudi adalah negeri maskulin. Selain itu, pengarang justru menemukan nilai-nilai keislaman yang toleran berada di Indonesia sehingga pengarang merindukan pulang ke Indonesia.Kata Kunci: diaspora, pengarang, Arab Saudi, tata naratif

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DAHAMI, YAHYA SALEH HASAN. "MODERN SAUDI POETRY: MOHAMMAD HASAN AWWAD’S NIGHT AND ME, IN BALANCE." International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences 2, no. 5 (November 25, 2020): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v2i5.177.

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Arabic poetry is the heart of all types of literature in all Arabic realms. Consistent with this generalization, it can be right that the development of poetry in the modern age, among Arabs, is a positive measure. At that argument, the same would be focused on modern Saudi literature since it is typically considered a central, authoritative, and undivided part of Arabic poetry. In this paper, the researcher has attempted to illustrate some literary aspects of modern Arabic poetry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia as an instance of the greatness of Arabic poetry with a particular reference to a contemporary Saudi poet. The study starts with an introduction to the condition of poetry in Arabia. In the first section of the study, the researcher points up the importance of Arabic poetry as an Arabic literature genre. The second section deals with poetry and literary movement in Saudi Arabia as the central section of the investigation. After that, the task moves ahead to deal with a model of the modern Arabic poetry in the kingdom, Mohammad Hasan Awwad, a modernized rebellious poet with stark poetry, then the researcher, analytically and critically, sheds light on some selected verses of one of the poems of Awwad, Night and Me. The study finishes with a discussion and a brief conclusion. Keywords: Arabic literature, Arabic poetry, free verse, greatness, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, modernism.

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JR, ROBERT M. LASLEY, ARTHUR ANKER, and TOHRU NARUSE. "Two new species and a new record of infaunal crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae and Varunidae) from Oman and Saudi Arabia." Zootaxa 5476, no. 1 (July 4, 2024): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5476.1.19.

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Recent surveys of shallow subtidal soft-bottom habitats of Oman and the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia have uncovered several crabs new to science. Stemming from these efforts, two crab species are herein described as new to science. The first is a new pinnotherid crab, Indopinnixa arabica n. sp., from northern Oman. The other is a new species of varunid crab, Gopkittisak ngankeeae n. sp., from northern, eastern and southern Oman. Additionally, the first known males of another varunid crab, Brankocleistostoma fossulum (Barnard, 1955), are described and illustrated based on material from eastern Oman and southern Saudi Arabia, also representing a new record of the species for the Arabian region.

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Frolova, Elena Vladimirovna. "Healthcare in Saudi Arabia." Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), no. 10 (August 12, 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2110-09.

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Saudi Arabia is a large state located on the Arabian Peninsula; this country is considered the birthplace of Islam. The population of Saudi Arabia is approaching 35 million. About 7% of GDP is allocated annually for the maintenance of the healthcare system, while about 1,500 US dollars is spent on medical care for each resident of the country (according to this indicator, the country ranks 41st in the world). The share of private spending on health care is 37.6%. The average life expectancy in Saudi Arabia was 74.4 years in 2019. According to Healthcare Index 2021, the assessment of the effectiveness of the healthcare system, Saudi Arabia was ranked 54th out of 93 countries, while gaining 60.7 points out of 100 possible. A feature of this country is the fact that it is here that the largest annual mass event in the world is held - the Hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca, which puts a very serious burden on the healthcare system.

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Alssbaiheen, Anan, and Steve Love. "m-Government Adoption in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 11, no. 3 (July 2015): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijthi.2015070104.

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This study analyzed the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of mobile government services in Saudi Arabia. By collecting data through surveys from citizens and employees in Saudi Arabia, this study shows that the high level of mobile penetration in the country offers an opportunity for Saudi Arabian government to offer mobile government services in the country. The results suggest that although a large percentage of population does not have access to mobile technologies, there is still a strong desire among users for the provision of mobile government services. The effective implementation of mobile government services would enhance the technological development in Saudi Arabia. However, there exist certain challenges. Sufficient level of understanding among the Saudi Arabian population about the benefits of mobile government services is lacking. There is lack of the customization of mobile government services and lack of access to mobile technologies would be a challenge.

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Casduloh. "History of Criminal Law Enforcement and Islamic Justice in Saudi Arabia." Al-Mahkamah: Islamic Law Journal 1, no. 1 (November 29, 2023): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.61166/mahkamah.v1i1.3.

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The Saudi Arabian judiciary can be an option for a modern justice system and is interesting to study because of several things, the first of which is that Saudi Arabia is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. and the Islamic religion is a role model for people throughout the world, but this country has a different government system from other Muslim countries. Saudi Arabian law is based on sharia which consists of the Koran and Sunnah. Ijmak and qiyas which were developed by the ulama after the death of the Prophet Muhammad also became sources of law. Judges' decisions in Saudi Arabia are heavily influenced by the writings of the Hanbali school of thought. Saudi Arabia is the only country in the world that makes the Koran and Sunnah its constitution, or at least it does not conflict with Islamic sharia and nothing else. The judiciary in Saudi Arabia is divided into three levels, namely Immediate Justice (al-mahakim al-musta'jilah) , Syar'iyah Court (al-mahakim asy-syar'iyyah) and the Judicial Supervisory Body (Hay'ah al-Muraqabah al- Qadha'iyyah).

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Alaqeel, Aqeel, Muna Almijmaj, Abdulaziz Almushaigeh, Yasser Aldakheel, Raghad Almesned, and Husam Al Ahmadi. "High Rate of Depression among Saudi Children with Type 1 Diabetes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 11714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111714.

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Saudi Arabia ranks among the top ten in type 1 diabetes (T1D) prevalence. The psychological burden, including depression, among T1D children, affects short-term and long-term outcomes. In Saudi Arabia, studies on depression among T1D children are limited. We determined the prevalence of depression among T1D children and adolescents in the Saudi Arabia-Qassim region and investigated risk factors for depressive symptoms. This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among T1D children and adolescents in the outpatient clinic of Maternity and Children Hospital, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia, between October 2020 and April 2021. Using a validated questionnaire translated into Arabic, we interviewed patients during clinic appointment. Questionnaires on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data, and Clinical Depression Inventory scale were used to measure depression. There were 148 T1D respondents (children: 58.1%; adolescents: 41.9%). More than half were females (53.4%), with most Saudis (94.6%). Depression prevalence among children and adolescents was 27%. Mild, moderate, and severe depression occurred in 80%, 12.5%, and 7.5% of depressed patients, respectively. Factors significant for depression were female sex (p = 0.014), uncontrolled HbA1c level (p = 0.037), and longer diabetes duration (p = 0.013). Depression among children and adolescents was more prevalent in this study than in previous reports. Early detection of depression will improve diabetes control and quality of life.

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&NA;. "Saudi Arabia." Nursing 16, no. 8 (August 1986): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-198608000-00002.

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Berger, Lars. "Saudi Arabia." Political Insight 4, no. 3 (November 15, 2013): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-9066.12033.

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Harris, Bruce. "Saudi Arabia." Medical Journal of Australia 157, no. 11 (December 1992): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb141287.x.

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Yahia, Mohammed. "Saudi Arabia." Nature 532, no. 7600 (April 2016): S1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/532s1a.

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Handley, Vernon, and Fares Al-Hejailan. "Saudi Arabia." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 6, no. 1 (1999): 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129800x00212.

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Hejailan, Hussam Salah. "Saudi Arabia." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129801x00194.

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Al Hejailan, Salah. "Saudi Arabia." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129802x00193.

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al-Hejailan, Fares. "Saudi Arabia." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 10, no. 1 (2003): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22112987-91000059.

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Zedan, Hani. "Saudi Arabia." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 16, no. 1 (2010): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22112987-91000253.

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Abrahams, Anthony. "Saudi Arabia*." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 1, no. 1 (1994): 273–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129895x00236.

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Dark, Michael. "Saudi Arabia." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 2, no. 1 (1995): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129896x00163.

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Dark, Michael, and Vernon Handley. "Saudi Arabia." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 4, no. 1 (1997): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129898x00206.

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Handley, Vernon, and Fares Al-Hejailan. "Saudi Arabia." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 5, no. 1 (1998): 338–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221129899x00214.

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Zedan, Hani. "Saudi Arabia." Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online 17, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004283688_013.

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Kapiszewski, Andrzej. "Saudi Arabia." Journal of Asian and African Studies 41, no. 5-6 (October 2006): 459–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909606067407.

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Al-Darwish, Ahmed. "Saudi Arabia:." Departmental Papers 2015, no. 003 (January 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781498382045.087.

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DAWAH, HASSAN A., SYED K. AHMAD, MOHAMMED A. ABDULLAH, and TADEUSZ ZATWARNICKI. "An overview of the Ephydridae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia." Zootaxa 4711, no. 3 (December 17, 2019): 401–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.1.

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Despite the species richness of Ephydridae world-wide (2000 species) and its prominent environmental roles as a minor pest and as a food for wildlife, only 13 species have been recorded from Saudi Arabia. Between 2012 and 2016, a biodiversity study of Diptera was conducted at Jazan, Asir, and Najran in south-western Saudi Arabia, at 22 sites, was performed mainly using Malaise traps and sweep nets. In this study, 43 known species of Ephydridae were identified, 37 of them for the first time from southwestern Saudi Arabia and 16 from Arabian Peninsula. This brings the total number of Ephydridae species in Saudi Arabia to 49 (including previous records). There were a further four species, which could not be identified authoritatively to species level. A list of all species of Ephydridae recorded from Saudi Arabia is appended. Images of thirty-two species are presented. The species recorded in this study are more Palaearctic in origin as compared to other regions. Biological information (where known) and world-wide distribution are included. This study has added new records to the Saudi Arabian checklist of Ephydridae, which will provide the basis for systematic studies and fauna analyses of future work on the family. The need for further field and laboratory work and surveillance is highlighted.

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Rahatullah, Muhammad Khan. "Saudi Arabian entrepreneurship ecosystem and microfinance." Corporate and Business Strategy Review 4, no. 4 (2023): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv4i4art5.

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Microfinance is an important component of the entrepreneurship ecosystem (Iansiti & Levien, 2004). This research explores prominent microfinance models and introduces leading microfinance institutions, in a certain format, practicing these models across the globe. Using primarily qualitative methods of investigation, it then identifies the use of microfinance by different organizations in Saudi Arabia. The study contributes a model of microfinance in Saudi Arabia upon the contemporary conventions, procedures, and practices (Saudi Arabian microfinance model, SAMFIN). It would assist the microfinance landscape and practices of leading institutions. Eventually, the study would ascertain and pinpoint the challenges and opportunities for the Saudi Arabian entrepreneurship ecosystem stakeholders to introduce the changes and additions required to make the Saudi microfinance landscape more dynamic, and vibrant, and contribute to and satisfy the community needs. Also provided is a brief impact of the Saudi Vision 2030. This work would offer guidance and learning for practitioners, lenders, borrowers, and academics alike both in and outside the country. It can be concluded that the loan limit in Saudi Arabia is substantially high and equals $2666; the microfinance in Saudi Arabia is evolving and the differences identified and discussed above imply that the SAMFIN and global models are quite different in approach and modalities.

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AL-GHANAYEM, ABDULLAH A., SANAD M. AL SOBEAI, MOHAMMED S. ALHUSSAINI, BABU JOSEPH, and ABDULMONEIM MOHAMMAD SAADABI. "Short Communication: Antibacterial activity of certain Saudi Arabian medicinal plants used in folk medicine against different groups of bacteria." Nusantara Bioscience 9, no. 4 (November 2, 2017): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n090409.

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Al-Ghanayem AA, Al Sobeai SM, Alhussaini MS, Joseph B, Saadabi AM. 2017. Antibacterial activity of certain Saudi Arabian medicinal plants used in folk medicine against different groups of bacteria. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 392-395. Medicinal plants from Saudi Arabia has been used in folk medicine for treatment of many diseases. The present research is on medicinal plants, which are locally available such as Acacia ehrenbergiana (Arabic: Salam) (Fabaceae), Calotropis procera (Arabic: Ausher) (Apocynaceae), Haloxylon salicornicum (Arabic: Rimth) (Amaranthaceae), Panicum turgidum (Arabic: Thuman) (Poaceae), Tamarix arabica (Arabic: Athal) (Tamaricaceae), Rhazya stricta (Arabic: Harmal) (Apocynaceae) Rumex vesicarius (Arabic: Humeid) (Polygonaceae) for antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) has been determined by broth micro dilution method. A. ehrenbergiana was active against Klebsiella pneumoniae. R. vesicarius and T. arabica showed antibacterial activity against Proteus vulgaris. C. procera showed a moderate inhibitory activity against the bacterial pathogens tested. H. salicornicum extract was more effective towards Gram-positive bacteria. However, other extracts such as P. turgidum and R. stricta were less active against both Gram-positive and negative bacteria tested. The results will be helpful in discovering new phytochemical components with antibacterial activity that can be used against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.

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Dahami, Dr Yahya Saleh Hasan. "Home in the Poetry of Saudi Arabia Poets: Khalid Al-Faisal an Example of a Distinguished Arab (1)." Cross-Currents: An International Peer-Reviewed Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences 9, no. 03 (March 30, 2023): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijhss.2023.v09i03.004.

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The term "homeland" refers to the place and things that a poet associates with his humanity, such as his thoughts, pain, and chanting. The focus of this investigation is on the Saudi Arabian poet Khalid Al-Faisal and the concept of home. It consistently makes an effort to illuminate some literary traits of current Saudi poetry, such as the theme of familial attachment. The topic of "homeland" is given particular attention in the study as a sign of the direction current Saudi Arabian poetry is taking. There is a case to be made that Saudi poetry is presently flourishing among Arab writers, critics, and poets. The researcher wants to emphasize the poet's knowledge while also demonstrating his love for his vast country, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, through the beautiful poem "Homeland Desire" by Khalid Al-Faisal. The researcher, on the other hand, makes an attempt to look at the poet's talent in the way he utilized the Arabic language in his poem. The poet's brilliant use of a lovely blending of classical Arabic and vernacular as a metaphor for his love of his vast homeland, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, will also demonstrate the poet's brilliance. The research commences with a brief introduction and then a look at the glory of home in Saudi poetry. The main part of the study deals with the Saudi poet Khalid Al-Faisal. The research then employs a critical-analytical approach to examine selected verses from Khaled Al-Faisal's poem "Homeland Passion" (عشق الوطن), emphasizing the concept of home as its primary concern. A brief conclusion to the study is then presented.

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Hashmi, M. Anaam, Nadia Abdulghaffar, and Iman Edinat. "Sustainability Commitment In Saudi Arabia And Need For Educational Reforms For The Jobs Of The Future." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2014): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v14i1.9031.

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Saudi Arabia is an important country among the Middle Eastern nations and a pivotal one because of its key position in international petroleum production. Sustainable practices are becoming prominent considerations among public and private sector Saudi Arabian business enterprises. Secondary and primary data pertaining to sustainability and carbon management practices in Saudi Arabia and its business enterprises were analyzed in this study. Saudi Arabian government has been serious in tackling the environmental problems. Primary data revealed private sector managers were better prepared and eager to deal with sustainability and carbon management problems compared to public sector enterprises. Surveyed Saudi managers reported hope that their employers would start rewarding positive sustainability actions and focus on educating managers about carbon management practices. There is a need to reform the educational system to prepare future managers who are ready to implement sustainability policies in their organizations. The findings of this project can assist Saudi Arabian policymakers and leadership of public and private sector universities to restructure the higher education sector to prepare students for the jobs of the future and help Saudi Arabia in pursuing sustainability goals.

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Mohamed Meteb, Alotaibi. "Unemployment and Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia 2000-2015." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 9 (August 10, 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n9p83.

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The objective of this paper concentrates on determining the relationship between unemployment and economic growth in Saudi Arabia for the period 2000-2015 in order to explanation of the employment, unemployment level and its determinants to increase the employment level and avoiding the harmful effects of unemployment problems. The question to be raised is does recruitment rely on the public sector? Does the creation of job opportunities in the state’s public sector have a negative or positive effect on the private sector through the effect of withdrawing its specialized technical cadres? Is the private sector growth real or illusive? Is the economic growth adequate to reduce the unemployment rate among Saudis? The results obtained show that, there are a positive relationships between the employment and real income, real investment, real government expenditure and real value of exports. On the other hand, there are negative relationships between employment and the real value of imports. The economic growth was not adequate in reducing the unemployment rate among Saudis. There is a reversal relationship between unemployment rates and the economic growth which does not effectively work in the Saudi economy. Saudis prefer to work with government sector not in private sector; Government must stimulate Saudis to work in private sector. This paper used the annual data from 2000 to 2015 for Saudi Arabia. All data in this paper was obtained from Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) and World Bank Development Indicator.

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Akmal, Syed Mohammad, Abdul Razzak Hashmi, Syed Mohammad Faisal, and Ahmad Khalid Khan. "Assessment of Professed Service Quality of the Cafeteria Business: An Empirical Investigation." Interdisciplinary Social Studies 2, no. 4 (January 24, 2023): 1845–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.55324/iss.v2i4.328.

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Background: It is important to note that coffee is a phenomenon that has been around for a while in Saudi Arabia. Arabica coffee cultivation on thin basins and bordering mountain slants at elevations ranging from 1200 m to 1800 m in Yemen and Saudi Arabia can be traced back four or five centuries. Aim: The researchers aimed to investigate the factors that have influenced the cafeteria's service quality and compare the effects of the determinants on cafeteria customers in the Saudi Arabian cities of Al Baha and Riyadh. Method: The cafeteria and coffee have been the primary sources of information for the study, which uses SERVQUAL to investigate the causes of perceived facility and eminence in the cafe. An online questionnaire was used to poll a total of 178 respondents. The survey includes 169 respondents who responded most efficiently after applying the pilot study, which let go of irrelevant responses. The analysis through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) identifies the compelling aspects of the cafeteria in Al Baha and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, which is ideal for the sector's future strategies. Findings: The study's findings show that three factors significantly impact service quality, performance, convenience, and problem-solving. The other three were unimportant but still hold their importance in this research paper and can be used as sub-independent factors. The culture and habits of Saudi Arabia play a substantial part in the results' anomaly.

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Aloufi, Abdulhadi, Zuhair Amr, and Hussein Nassarat. "Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Tabuk Province, Saudi Arabia." Vertebrate Zoology 66, no. 2 (September 28, 2016): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.66.e31554.

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Additional distributional data on the bats of Tabuk Provence, Saudi Arabia, are given for 10 species. The Asian Barbastelle, Barbastella leucomelas, is recorded for the first time for Saudi Arabia and the Arabian Peninsula. Data on bats calls for four species are also given.

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Baig, Mirza Barjees, Bader Alhafi Alotaibi, Khodran Alzahrani, David Pearson, Ghedeir M. Alshammari, and Ashfaq Ahmad Shah. "Food Waste in Saudi Arabia: Causes, Consequences, and Combating Measures." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 10362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610362.

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The enormous amounts of food going as waste to landfills is of great concern in Saudi Arabia. The issue of food waste is complex, with its numerous social, cultural, economic, and environmental sustainability dimensions warranting further investigations. Food waste is one of the prime issues threatening food security in Saudi Arabia. This article aims to gauge the real issue, to create awareness among those who waste large amounts of food, and to encourage planners and policy makers to implement corrective measures. This article aims to stimulate interest within the scientific community, seek support from different branches of Saudi Arabian government, and engage all major segments of society. A thorough search of the international scientific publications and the grey literature published in English and Arabic was made. It was discovered that the available literature is scarce, and tends to focus on finding knowledge about the problem rather than on generating solutions. Thus, further research should attempt to find ways to form strategies and to test new ideas and interventions that could reduce food waste, particularly in the hospitality sector and within households. Based on the analysis presented in this paper, the recommended course of action for Saudi Arabia is to launch an integrated “Stop Wasting Food” campaign that would include all stakeholders. Raising awareness about the detrimental consequences of food waste and encouraging behavioral changes to reduce this squandering of precious resources is the first step in addressing the issue. There is an urgent need to promote behavioral changes in Saudi Arabian society, particularly among prime food wasters: women and youth.

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Bin Eid, Wasmiah, An An Lieu, Michelle Jin Yee Neoh, Suhail Mahmoud Al-Zoubi, Gianluca Esposito, and Dagmara Dimitriou. "Characteristics of Sleep Patterns in Adolescents: Comparisons between Saudi Arabia and the UK." Healthcare 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081378.

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There are concerns regarding sleep deprivation among adolescents, especially with mounting evidence for the importance of sleep during puberty, and its effects on health and families. The present study aimed to characterise sleep in typical development (TD) adolescents in Saudi Arabia, and compare their sleep profiles to TD adolescents in the UK, to evaluate sleep patterns in adolescents in Saudi Arabia, and to examine the relationship between sleep patterns and the use of social media in both groups. Findings from the current study reported a shorter sleep duration for the Saudi Arabia group than in previous studies and the UK group, which may be attributed to the lack of sleep hygiene practised in Saudi Arabia. Multiple analysis of variance results found significant differences in daytime sleepiness (p < 0.001) and a preference for morningness/eveningness (p < 0.001) between Saudia Arabia and UK adolescents. Statistically significant negative correlations (p > 0.05) between the duration of social media usage and sleep duration were found in both the Saudi Arabia and UK adolescents, where a lower number of sleep hours was observed with a higher duration of social media use. This study fills a gap in the research of sleep in Saudi Arabia in adolescents, and offers important insights on the comparison in sleep habits between Saudi Arabia and UK adolescents.

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Ahmadi, Tareq Al. "An Analysis of the Economic Value of Substances of Abuse Seized in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Forensic Sciences 7, no. 4 (2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijfsc-16000284.

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Introduction: As one of the largest oil exporters in the world, Saudi Arabia carries 18.1% of the global oil reserves and the fifth largest natural gas reserves. This unrefined wealth, in addition to numerous other natural resources, makes Saudi Arabia a logical destination for drug smugglers and dealers aiming to make fast illegal profits. Based on recent statistics, this article focused on the economic value of drugs of abuse seized in Saudi Arabia during the period between 2009-2012. Methods: Four years of data (2009–2012) related to the economic value of drugs of abuse seized in Saudi Arabia were analyzed. This data was obtained by Saudi Customs and other governmental entities responsible for the monitoring of drug smuggling. Results: The recent financial boom coupled with the numerous nationalities and cultures present in Saudi Arabia has led to an associated increase in the smuggling and promotion of narcotics, accompanied by illegal monetary gain, with consequent detrimental effects on the Saudi economy. This is evident by the Saudi Arabian market value statistics during the years from 2009–2012. Conclusion: Statistically, smuggling and drug trafficking in Saudi Arabia has increased, particularly regarding amphetamines, cannabis, and khat. Economic, security, and social programs aimed at raising youth awareness of the dangers of substance abuse should be implemented to address this ongoing problem.

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Kiuchi, Ryota, Walter D. Mooney, and Hani M. Zahran. "Ground‐Motion Prediction Equations for Western Saudi Arabia." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 109, no. 6 (October 8, 2019): 2722–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120180302.

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Abstract Ground‐motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for western Saudi Arabia are developed by employing a mixed‐effects regression model to modify the Boore et al. (2014) Next Generation Attenuation‐West2 (NGA‐West2) project GMPEs. NGA‐West2 addressed several key issues concerning GMPEs for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions. However, the NGA‐West2 results do not include many earthquakes in extensional regimes such as those occurring in Saudi Arabia. This deficiency is corrected by calculating a magnitude scaling of the new Saudi Arabia GMPEs compared to those of Boore et al. (2014). Furthermore, there is a clear difference in distance scaling for the Arabian GMPEs in comparison with the NGA‐West2 GMPEs. This difference is especially significant at large distances and is mainly due to lower anelastic attenuation in the crystalline crust of western Saudi Arabia. Our empirical data demonstrate the GMPEs presented here are in good agreement with observed earthquake ground motions in western Saudi Arabia.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Saudi Arabia'

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