Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sättning'
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Lundén, Magnus. "När ensemblen satts på plats : Kompositionsmetodik för förbestämd sättning." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för konstnärliga studier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-34901.
Full textFor a long time, I have been interested in composing, possibly because I am an improvising musician. In this paper, I bring up the subject of my work in this field, what methods I use, what others I know of and which ones I could use to improve my results. The goal was to get an overview of my creative process, so that I may develop farther, whilst simultaneously help the reader to recognize his or her own methods and thusly see them in a new light. I have analysed video and logs of my work from a sociocultural perspective, which means I have focused on the tools I use as something both of the mind and of the physical world. I have also seen just how closely these two are bound to one another. They also influence the results, which makes choosing your tools important. The main focus is the process of learning, the creation of music and the sociocultural tool kit.
Gottfridsson, Marcus, and Frida Renwert. "Erfarenhetens påverkan på följsamheten till hygienrutiner vid PVK-sättning - En intervjustudie." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25003.
Full textBackground: Previous research found that nurses overall have a poor compliance towards hygiene routines. Evidence show that nurses become less compliant to research use the longer they work. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate nurse’s perception of the influence of experience to compliance of the hygiene routines when inserting a PVC. Method: The study was conducted inpatient care at a hospital in southern Scania. Data was collected through 10 interviews that all were transcribed and analyzed with a content analysis. Results: Nurses perception is that experienced nurses with >3 years of experience had a bigger tendency to depart from hygiene routines when inserting a PCV. Inexperienced nurses with ≤3 years of experience also departed from the hygiene routines, but to a lower extent. The greatest factors that lead to nurses departing from PVC hygiene routines, were that they indirectly were forced to depart from the routines because of patients that were hard to insert a PCV on, they had a heavy work load, stress and that theory not always accord with practice. Conclusion: It’s possible that a more frequent update of knowledge on the hygiene routines in Vårdhandboken can lead to a more patient secure work in practice, without obstructing nurses’ work. Experienced nurses have a higher risk of developing a way to work that departs from the current hygiene routines. Inexperienced nurses also have a risk of developing this way of work if no interventions that increase their awareness take place in an early stage.
Suta, Ferencz. "Prognostisering av sättning frånhög uppfyllnad i Högbytorp : Numerisk‐analytisk jäföelse samt uppmäta sätningar." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-151031.
Full textKinander, Joakim, and Markus Israelsson. "Gabioner - Ett alternativ vid vägbanksbygge i lösa leror." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2679.
Full textThe use of gabions means a reduced amount of filling material in the road section and a more narrow construction. Also the use of limestone cement columns can be reduced. All together this results in lower costs. The columns stand for about 55% of the total costs for the road. If gabions are used you can reduce the total costs with over 10%.
Pathan, Afrose, and Adam Michalak. "Sättningar vid grundvattensänkningar." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-136837.
Full textThe project “Förbifart Stockholm” started year 2009 and is one of the biggest projects in Swedish history. The Bachelor takes on the geotechnical, hydrological and geological aspect in project “Förbifart Stockholm”. More exactly it is a study of subsidence due to groundwater lowering, but also so called ongoing subsidence. Subsidence’s were examined and calculated in a chosen area in Sätra. The calculations were done with different groundwater lowering to examine how big the subsidence was. Thereafter new calculations were made to see how long time it took to reach the final subsidence. A thorough analysis of the area in Sätra gave a better understanding to why there are ongoing subsidences when the tunnel digging has not begun yet. When an area with ongoing subsidence undergoes a groundwater lowering it could result in a big ground movement. From the result of the calculations there is an investigation to see if the subsidence is so big it could cause damage to nearby buildings. If that was the case then a method to reduce groundwater lowering must be found. The result indicates that the subsidence could become so big that there is a chance of damaging buildings. Therefore it has been decided to install an infiltration device. The infiltration device helps preventing deeper groundwater lowering and avoiding harmful subsidence. Harmful subsidence can become very costly and needs to be avoided in a project that costs 28 billion Swedish crones.
Hultmark, Lisa, and Frida Kans. "Sjuksköterskans roll och upplevelser vid förberedelser av barn inför perifer venkateter sättning och blodprovstagning : En intervjustudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14290.
Full textFryksten, Jonas. "Geotekniska sättningsberäkningar på lera : Jämförelse av modeller i datorprogram." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300989.
Full textCinthio, Nathalie, and Sandra Josefsson. "Chalmersmodellens applicering på starkt överkonsoliderad lera." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-3231.
Full textIn this master’s thesis real settlements for the over consolidated clay below Arenahallen in Halmstad are compared with two different models for settlement calculations; Chalmersmodellen without creep and Chalmersmodellen with creep. Chalmersmodellen with creep is based on Terzaghi’s consolidation theory with an addition to creep. The purpose has been to find out whether Chalmersmodellen with creep can be used for this clay or if Chalmersmodellen without creep should be used instead. The problem has been solved with detailed studies of literature, sampling of undisturbed flasks of clay with geotechnical boring trailer and tries of compression with an odometer of the flasks in question. Thereafter the evaluated results from the odometer were used in Chalmersmodellen.
After complementary of the real settlement, where not all measurements exist, the results of our researches showed that Chalmersmodellen with creep were overestimating the settlement before the preconsolidation stress has been reached.
I examensarbetet jämförs verkliga sättningar för den överkonsoliderade leran under Arenahallen i Halmstad med två olika sättningsberäkningsmodeller; Chalmersmodellen utan kryp och Chalmersmodellen med kryp. Chalmersmodellen med kryp grundar sig på Terzaghis konsolideringsekvation med ett tillägg för krypning. Syftet har varit att ta reda på om Chalmersmodellen med kryp kan användas för denna lera eller om Chalmersmodellen utan kryp fungerar bättre. Problemet har lösts genom grundliga litteraturstudier, provtagning av ostörda prover genom kolvprovtagning med geoteknisk borrvagn samt kompressionsförsök med ödometer på tagna kolvar. Därefter utvärderades resultaten från ödometerförsöken och användes i Chalmersmodellen.
Efter komplettering av den verkliga sättningen, där inte all mätdata finns, blev resultatet av våra undersökningar att Chalmersmodellen med kryp överskattar sättningen innan förskonsolideringstrycket är passerat.
Samuelsson, Märta, and Luise Guse. "Constructions of identities in Kenya : A Discursive analysis regarding the Communicative meaning of Identity building in Interpersonal Communication and Mass media among young adults in Nairobi." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-9271.
Full textSkoglund, Hanna. "En undersökning om typografins betydelse för läsbarhet av ord i rörelse." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Grafisk teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5597.
Full textAhmed, Mohammed, and Taymor Majrom. "Sättningar vid cyklisk och dynamisk lastpåverkan i sand." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20714.
Full textAbstractSettlements in friction soil are one of today's controversial issues within geotechnics. Earthquakes, traffic, blasting and pile driving work generate vibrations to the existing buildings, causing settlements in friction soil and aesthetic, functional and structural damage. Nowadays the geotechnical engineers consider this as a complicated challenge because of external and unpredictable factors such as climate change. Climate changes affect the soil’s internal structure and its mechanical properties. Generally the friction soil is regarded as good soil, but can still have a risk behavior from a geotechnical perspective, especially in terms of cyclic or dynamic load impact.The study aims to clarify how friction soil behaves under the influence of vibrations in various kinds. The study shows the identification of risks and the intervention methodologies in the early stages of construction plans and constructed buildings simultaneously.A Swedish standard is also described in the study. This is based on blasting vibration in soil and is a method that estimates the permissible guideline values for vibration levels.Information from literature and documentary videos have been analyzed and used for the writing of the theoretical part. A model experiment has also been carried out at the end of the essay. The model experiment’s goal was to identify the impact of vibration in friction soil and settlement progress from a visual perspective.The result of this work has shown that the cyclic and dynamic load impact generates settlements in friction soil, which in turn causes various types of damage to existing buildings built on this soil.Keywords: settlement, buildings, vibrations, cyclic load impact, dynamic load impact, geotechnics, sand, friction soil, liquefaction.
Hermansson, Linnea, and Rebecka Söderberg. "Modelling of a compensated foundation in GeoSuite Settlement." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278541.
Full textVi lever i en värld som ständigt växer och detta skapar ett behov av nya vägar och bostadsområden. Nya konstruktioner som leder till en ökad belastning på jorden, kan ge upphov till sättningar när underliggande jordlager komprimeras. För att reducera belastningen på jorden kan en kompensationsgrundläggning användas, vilken bygger på principen att lasten från konstruktionen kompenseras av bortschaktad jord som ofta ersätts av ett lättfyllnadsmaterial. Metoden kan till exempel tillämpas i områden med mäktiga lerlager samt i känsliga projekt där uppkomsten av sättningar kan få stora konsekvenser. För att kunna dimensionera dessa är det av stor vikt att förstå dess påverkan på jorden och vilka långsiktiga sättningar som kan väntas uppkomma till följd av den nya konstruktionen.GeoSuite Sättning är ett beräkningsverktyg för sättningsberäkningar som idag används flitigt inom geoteknikbranschen. I detta arbete har möjligheterna att modellera en kompensationsgrundläggning med hjälp av programvaran studerats. Dessutom har en parameterstudie genomförts i syfte att undersöka vilka parametrar som är av stor betydelse för modelleringen och dess resultat. Som grund har tre projekt använts, varav ett är ett påhittat fall där jordprofilen baserats på den i testområdet Lilla Mellösa, och två är verkliga projekt tillhörande Structor Geoteknik Stockholm AB. I ett av dessa projekt har även beräknade deformationer jämförts mot uppmätta deformationer, cirka 16 månader efter konstruktion.Denna studie har främst studerat tre tillvägagångssätt för modellering av en kompensationsgrundläggning; av- och pålast, endast pålast motsvarande total lastökning samt av- och pålast med en redigerad jordprofil som anpassats till lättfyllnadsmaterialet (metoderna beskrivs i Bilaga 11.7). Resultaten har visat på ett snarlikt sättningsförlopp för de tre metoderna, bortsett från ett fall där en något större sättning uppkom till följd av att lättfyllningen i jordprofilen kom i kontakt med underliggande lera (istället för fyllning/ torrskorpelera). Utifrån detta arbete rekommenderas därmed att använda den enklaste metoden med endast pålast.På grund av arbetets tidsbegränsning har endast ett antal parametrar inkluderats i parameterstudien, dessutom har de främst utvärderats separat. Vilka parametrar för jordens kompressions- och krypegenskaper som har störst påverkan på resultatet är starkt beroende av spänningssituationen i det aktuella fallet och resultaten från detta arbete är därmed inte direkt applicerbart på andra projekt. Tydligt är dock att en noggrann utvärdering av jordens parametrar som dess förkonsolideringstryck σ’c samt kompressionsmodul M är väsentligt för att erhålla verklighetstrogna resultat. Studien har även visat på vikten av att utvärdera lerors kryptal rS med hänsyn till den aktuella tillskottsspänningen. Även grundvattennivån har visat sig ha en betydlig påverkan på uppkomsten av sättningar.
Löfdahl, Angelica. "Högläsning av skönlitteratur i grundsärskolan : En kvalitativ studie av tre lärares perspektiv på högläsning för elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-38313.
Full textGodkänt datum 2020-01-09
Adrian, Lindqvist. "Koppling av grundvattenmodell och jordmodell med en geoteknisk sättningsmodell." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-294150.
Full textFrom a construction engineering point of view groundwater drawdown in a confined aquifer can result in ground subsidence that can damage buildings and constructions. The connection between hydrogeology and soil mechanics is clear, however when estimating ground settlement as a result of groundwater drawdown the estimations are often rough. This is due to that settlement is traditionally calculated with methods that only allow calculations in single points where geotechnical data is estimated. Areas between these points are often left out of the calculations. Groundwater drawdown is seldom simulated with acknowledged software programs like Modflow when estimating groundwater lowering and the affected area.This study combines a groundwater model simulated in Modflow and a soil strata model, interpolated with Kriging, with settlement calculations. This ends up as a an integrated soil settlement model which has the purpose to generate overview maps over areas that are sensitive to settlement as a result of ground water lowering. The integrated model is programmed in Octave for this study. The model is then tested with a case study that uses data from a real construction project in the area of Mälardalen. A hypothetical case of ground water lowering is simulated for the case study. Fundamental hydro-geological theory is used to estimate loads and effective stresses from the lowering of the water table.The result from the integrated model has been validated against calculations of settlement in the software Geosuite Settlement which is an acknowledged method for settlement calculations. This shows that the integrated model calculates settlement with great precision. The modeled initial ground water table is compared with a kriginginterpolated groundwater table which is based on data from ground water pipes in the area. Based on the comparison the initial ground water conditions simulated in Modflow are accepted. This simulated ground water model has the soil model and also a water balance integrated.The results from the case study show that unexpectedly large ground settlements can occur even far from the source of the ground water lowering.For the case study three different soil models are used, both in the ground water model and in the integrated model. The soil models differ in a way that they are based on different amounts of data from which the kriging interpolation is done. The purpose for this is to investigate what effects this might have on the ground water model and the integrated model respectively. The results from these different simulations show insignificantly small differences.
Abdo, Aslan. "Modeling contingency infiltration scenarios in MODFLOW : Stockholm Bypass and tunnel induced groundwater drawdown." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-244307.
Full textKonstruktioner under mark kan skapa hydrogeologiska utmaningar, såsom sättningsrisk orsakade av grundvattenavsänkning. Ett sätt att effektivisera åtgärdsprocessen är att förbereda för eventuell artificiell grundvatteninfiltration. Vägprojektet Förbifart Stockholm innefattar konstruktioner under mark och riskerar, genom inläckage, att sänka grundvattennivån i omgivningen. Ett potentiellt problemområde är stadsdelen Vinsta, delar av vars är byggd på sättningskänslig lera som kan påverkas av en grundvattenavsänkning. För att kunna motverka en grundvattensänkning i Vinsta har hydrogeologisk modellering utförts för att strategiskt planera artificiell grundvatteninfiltration. Ett tunnelläckage på 220 l/s har simulerats genom en hydrogeologisk steady state-modell i MODFLOW. Fyra olika scenarier för grundvatteninfiltration har konceptualiserats och simulerats för att observera påverkan på grundvattennivån. Den spatialt variabla grundvattennivån i grundmodellen nådde kalibreringsmålen med en genomsnittlig absolutavvikelse på 0,18 m. Modellen för tunnelläckage resulterade i att grundvattennivån i moränakvifären och berget sjönk med 0 – 1,5 resp. 0,5 – 5 m, med större grundvattensänkning närmare tunneln. Scenarierna för infiltration motverkade grundvattensänkningen i olika grad. Närhet tilltunneln, eller platsen för inläckage, samt den hydrauliska konduktiviteten mellan infiltrationen och akvifären visade störst påverkan på resultatet för att motverka grundvattensänkningen. Känslighetsanalysen för parametrarna i modellen visade att berget och dess hydrauliska konduktivitet hade störst påverkan på resultatet. Tillgång till bättre data för berget möjliggör förbättrat modelleringsresultat.
Svanberg, Andreas, and Tim Storbjörk. "Dimensionering av grundkonstruktioner : En jämförelse av bäddmodulers inverkan på moment." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86025.
Full textThe Winkler-model is often applied when calculating foundation slabs. The model intend to replace the subgrade with a bedding of vertical springs that corresponds with the stiffness of the soil. The integration of the foundation slab is often neglected in todays approved methods of implementing subgrade modulus. The consequence of this overlook may cause unforeseen tensile stress in the foundation. The purpose of this study is to support engineers in their decision of choosing a model and provide proper conditions designing slabs taking into account for interplay of the whole foundation structure. The aim is to demonstrate how the interplay in the construction and the application of the subgrade modulus affects parts of the foundation regarding bending moment. Three different methods of calculating subgrade modulus and two ways of application have been studied with purpose to illustrate how bending moment appear in the structure. Four sections have been selected to represent the structural behavior to analyze six model cases in the FEM-Design program. The result indicates the choosing of subgrade modulus affect maximum value of bending moment although the appearance of the momentum curve are not affected. Results also show that zones of tensile stress occur at the top of the foundation as an effect of integration effects of the whole structure.
Andersson, Amanda, and Adam Eklund. "Vidareutveckling av friktionsbetingat förband för fixering av tankar." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40251.
Full textScania CV AB är ett av de världsledande företagen inom tunga fordon. Deras utbud av lastbilar är brett, och lastbilarna är utrustade med gas-, eller bränsletankar, beroende på fordonets drivmedel. Lastbilarna är även utrustade med trycktankar som används vid inbromsning och luftfjädring. Tankarna är monterade med spännband, där gummimellanlägg utgör ett skydd mellan tank och spännband för att skydda tanken mot nötning. Vid installation av olika lastbilstankar finns behov av element i förbandet som ökar friktionen, kompenserar formfel, förhindrar nötning, och medger elektrisk isolation. Detta har traditionellt gjorts genom att använda gummimellanlägg i förbandet. Gummimellanlägg ökar dock osäkerheten i den faktiska förspänningen av förbandet, samt rörelser i konstruktionen ofta får mellanlägget att vandra ur position. Syftet med projektet är att skapa förståelse för vilka egenskaper och förutsättningar som påverkar prestandan av ett friktionsbetingat förband, samt att hitta konceptuell lösning på grundproblematiken. För att kunna fullgöra syftet har följande frågeställningar utformats:F1: Vilka orsaker ligger till grund för att förspänningen i spännbanden släpper vid montering av diverse fordonstankar?F2: Vilka orsaker ligger till grund för att gummimellanlägg tenderar att vandra ur position i olika tankinstallationer?F3: Vilka åtgärder kan vidtas för att motverka att förspänningen i spännbanden släpper och att gummimellanläggen vandrar ur position? I arbetet har en fallstudie och en litteraturstudie genomförts. Litteraturstudien utfördes för att skapa övergripande förståelse i ämnen som kan vara relevanta för arbetet. Den insamlade informationen härrör från böcker, forskningsavhandlingar och vetenskapliga artiklar. Data har även samlats in i form av intervjuer, tekniska rapporter, felrapporter, lagkrav, ritningar, statistik i fältkvaliteten, och observationer i produktionen. Fallstudien baseras på en produktutvecklingsprocess där flera produktutvecklingsverktyg har använts. I fallstudien ingår även materialprov i form av friktion och sättning. Arbetet resulterade i ett koncept i form av ett gummimellanlägg och baseras på Scanias befintliga lösning. Lösningen består av fyra komponenter: geometrilåsning i form av flänsar och så kallade grantoppar, rundade kortsidor och gropig undersida. Storleken kan däremot variera på grund av spännbandens och tankarnas breda storleksspann. Arbetet har även resulterat i en design-guideline, som ska ge riktlinjer och vägledning för fortsatt arbete och framtida konstruktion.
Al-Zubaidi, Ibrahim. "Numerisk simulering av sättningar och portryck för en provbank på sulfidjord." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61966.
Full textSpets, Anna, and Sofia Atthammar. "Sättningar och portryck i sulfidjord : En jämförelse mellan uppmätta värden och simuleringar i Plaxis 2D." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geoteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-66181.
Full textOttekrall, Carl-Johan, and Andreas Hedberg. "Utvärdering av husgrunders sättningar i centrala Gävle : mätningar, analyser och upprättande av rutiner för fortsatt övervakning." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12501.
Full textBetween the years 1985 to 2005, the municipality of Gävle surveyed a number of buildings in the central parts of Gävle. The purpose of these surveys was to monitor the movements of the buildings. Now, in 2011, some of the surveys are repeated and compared with the municipality's surveys as above. In addition to repeated surveys, the thesis also describes procedures and methods for future surveys to be carried out by Högskolan i Gävle (HiG for short). Point sketches of the surveyed levelling studs were produced and their position was entered into a separate GIS layer. For the collection of new data the instrument Leica Wild NA3000 with invar rods was used. The surveys were executed in closed loops around the objects and reconnected at the starting point. This facilitated the use observation equations for the least squares method. In order to eliminate the need for an external height system the relative height differences were used. For establishing the point sketches and GIS layer, the studs were inspected visually and photographed. After this the information and images were added according to a template extracted (and slightly adapted) from "Handbok till mätningskungörelsen". The results show that there are movements in all three objects. These were smaller further away from Gavleån. The largest movements were in one of the objects near the river, where significant differences in movements were detected. The procedures established for the repeated surveys are based on specifications from the SIS Technical Specifications and the "Handbok till mätningskungörelsen". In the process a number of problems were detected, such as missing information in the data supplied by the municipality of Gävle such as the lengths of sights and traverses. The data had also only an indication of the accuracy of the results, which was reported to be 0.5 mm. This meant that the least squares method was rejected for the older the data for the benefit of control under Guide to Uncertainty in Measurements (GUM for short) type B. The traffic in the central part of Gävle also led to some problems with vibrations in the equipment. The method of measurement was changed from analog instruments with plane plate micrometer to digital instruments. Since changes and movements have been found in the objects, it is interesting to continue the monitoring. For the continued surveys it is our hope that annual updates of the data will continue to further enhance transparency in how land and buildings move. If more objects placed around the city will be added, one of the additional products could be a clearer model of how the whole area is moving. There is also a municipality project where the quayside from Gavleån and out to the beach of Gävle is surveyed every year to check for movements. This could also be included in the ongoing surveys each year.
Svedberg, Ida, and Christopher Holmqvist. "Analys av friktionskoefficient och sättningsgrad i gummipackningar : Analysis of the friction coefficient and setting ratio of rubber gaskets." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-19412.
Full textThis degree project was located at SwePart Transmission AB in Liatorp. The company manufactures gears and do also provide total solutions for gearing. SwePart Transmission AB has noticed problems with leakage in the division plane in their gearboxes. The company has premonitions that the structure is subject to sliding in the division plane where the gasket is placed. To prevent sliding it’s required that the friction coefficient between the gasket and division plane and the preload of the fasteners is known at the design stage. The gaskets friction coefficient is currently uncertain and has been checked. This was done by tests in which we placed the gasket in a friction joint and then made measurements in a tensile testing machine. With the obtained measurement values we could mathematically obtain a new coefficient of friction. The tests were performed with three different surface finishes in the joint to see if it had any effect on the friction coefficient. After the tests, we could see a difference in coefficient of friction between different surface finishes on the contact surfaces to the gasket. We could also see a difference in coefficient of friction of oiled and dry surface. The joints capability of sliding is determined by the preload in the screws that is dramatically reduced if large settings occur. It’s known that settings will occur, but the extent is unknown. Since the gasket is the softest part in the bolted joint, it will dominate the joints setting behavior. In our tests we have measured the amount of settings caused by the gasket as a function of time. The test was made by sandwiching a gasket with a certain load. After that the change in thickness was measured during 25 minutes. This test was performed because the company had received complains from customers concerning preload losses in the screws after an unknown time in use. The preload losses can be traced to settings in the gasket. According the measurements from the test, there are no major settings in our test joint, which can be explained by the difference in contact area between our test and the “real” design. This report will concern the setting rate and friction coefficient of rubber gaskets where tests and underlying theories will be presented. The test has been developed and performed with help of expertise form Linnaeus University.
Ali, Rebaz, and Ahmed Alshami. "Sättningar i torvmaterialet : En fallstudie om användning av förstärkningsmetoden "förbelastning i form av överlast" på jordmaterial av torv." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41543.
Full textSyfte: Syftet med detta examensarbete är att kontrollera sättningen under en längre period genom mätningar som skett på arbetsplatsen vid användning av totalstation för sedan kunna jämföra beräknat utfall med verkligt utfall. Metod: En kombination av både kvantitativa och kvalitativa studier har använts i detta examensarbete, bestående av litteraturstudier och en fallstudie inbegripande intervjuer, dokumentanalyser samt platsbesök och mätningar. Fallstudien grundar sig i ett pågående projekt i Nässjö kommun där det byggs en skatepark vars jordmaterial består av torv och där förbelastning i form av överlast har tillämpats. Resultat: Resultatet indikerar på förekomsten av en skillnad mellan beräknat utfall och verkligt utfall gällande sättningshastighet och tidsförlopp vid användning av förbelastning i form av överlast. Avvikelsen ligger på ungefär 20 cm. Förbelastning i form av överlast är en bra metod för torvmark men att det sannolikt inte anmärkningsvärt går att förbättra genom vertikaldränering. Konsekvenser: Med hänsyn till de mätresultat som rapportförfattarna har bringat fram visar detta att metoden förbelastning i form av överlast på torvmark fungerar, dock ger beräkningsmodellen som har använts osäkra resultat. Resultatet som beskrivs mer detaljerat gällande vertikaldränering på torvmark kommer inte påskynda processen eftersom torven redan är väl dränerad d.v.s. porerna är genomträngliga och vattnet kan lätt rinna ut vid användning av förbelastning i form av överlast. Detta innebär att det kommer medföra extra kostnader utan att få nytta av metoden. Begränsningar: Arbetet har begränsats till två förstärkningsmetoder på torvmark. En fallstudie har begränsats till endast ett område, där förbelastning i form av överlast utförs på jordmaterial som består av torv. Nyckelord: Förbelastning i form av överlast, permeabilitet, sättningar, Torv, totalstation, vertikaldränering, vattenkvot.
Zervens, Mikaela. "Samverkansgrundläggning - en sättningsuppföljning av två objekt i Uppsala." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209179.
Full textGunnarsson, Anna. "Grundvattensänkning och sättningsberäkningar med en konceptuell modell." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20041.
Full textAs we build more and more in urban areas, it is necessary to develop a method and a good model that can describe the effects on the soil and the surroundings. A groundwater drawdown can be necessary when excavating the soil and it can lead to settlement that can affect a building in the surroundings. The industry needs more research when it comes to settlement caused by groundwater drawdown and the effects on the surroundings. By evaluating and analyzing a conceptual model and the parameters that are used it might be possible to find better methods. This Thesis was about making a conceptual model based on information from a soil investigation report of an area in Kristianstad, Sweden. The purpose of the work has been to see what settlement might occur when groundwater was drawn down to different levels. To see what parameter(s) has a great impact on the result and how to evaluate the conceptual model. Calculations were made by hand and with the FEM-software PLAXIS 2D. To evaluate the model, the groundwater was drawn down to one meter and then tree meters. The results where then compared. Thereafter the compression module was varied to be able to compare the results. A partial lowering of the groundwater level was also made to illustrate the problem of a differential settlement. There is a small variation in the results of the calculations made by hand and those made in PLAXIS. The variation of the compression module also showed a variation in the calculated result. The conceptual model was also evaluated by varying the module and by making a careful division of the soil. The conclusion was that it is very difficult to evaluate a conceptual model since it was built from the CRS-input and it is necessary to evaluate more parameters.
Håkansson, Maja, and Sebastian Andersson. "Modellering av mark i beräkningsmodeller : En jämförelsestudie mellan tre beräkningsmetoder." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355723.
Full textComputerized programs which perform calculations have developed rapidly over the past 30 years. The programs have progressed from performing basic calculations to more advanced ones which gives an opportunity to perform more accurate calculations. Even though advanced calculation programs exist, many calculations are still done by hand or in simple programs when designing foundations. The purpose of this thesis is to study the differences in results of ground pressure and settlements when using two different programs. The programs that have been used are WIN-Statik Foundation (which is an easier program) and FEM-Design (which is a more advanced program). Two methods are used to describe the soil in FEM-Design. The first involves springs with a predetermined stiffness (bedding modulus). The second method involves modelling the soil as a solid mass (3D-soil) along with the stratigraphy and its properties. The programs are evaluated from a usability point of view and how easy it is to understand the results, in order to understand why many construction engineers choose to use simpler programs than FEM-Design. The objective of the thesis is to produce a user manual for FEM-Design’s 3D-soil module to increase the usage of FEM-Design throughout the whole design process. Three different constructions have been modelled in order to perform the calculations: an individual footing, a group of three individual footings and a foundation slab. The results from the calculations were compared between the programs but also between the constructions. The comparison showed that FEM-Design with 3D-soil is recommended when preforming calculations of foundations placed close to each other. This is because the other methods do not take into consideration the impact the foundations have on each other. The biggest settlement of the foundation group more than doubled compared to the single foundation when the calculations were done with 3D-soil. The two other methods gave the same result of settlement for both constructions. When the foundation slab was calculated with 3D-soil the ground pressure became more than twice as big compared to the calculation with the bedding modulus. The advantage of WIN-Statik is that only a few input values are needed and the calculation is easy to perform. In most cases the simplification of the calculations in WIN-Statik creates bigger foundations than needed.
Niemi, Martin. "Kvalitetssäkring av skruvförband." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för information och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-38042.
Full textDuring the latest period’s changes, Scania’s Transmission unit in the DT assembly workshop has seen that the expected quality of their screw joints has not been met, which accounts for the majority of their assembly steps. The purpose of this thesis is to identify which types of problems can occur with screw joints, what the causes can be and how the problems can be solved.The central areas examined are partly how friction and screw extension can affect the clamping force, as well as the impact an assembly environment can have on the clamping force and its behavior when tightening. Characteristics of the screw joint such as stiffness, materials and dimensions have played an important role in fulfilling the purpose of the thesis. Furthermore, the relationship between torque, friction and clamping force has been studied.The conclusions reached are that friction has a major impact on how great the clamping force becomes after tightening. Measuring the extension of the screw over time to find out how the clamping force varies is best done with an ultrasonic device as this method makes it possible and easy to measure when it is very difficult to access the screw in any other way. If the tightening speed is changed, then there are changes in both friction and how the material sets which affects the clamping force of the screw joint. A faster tightening speed has the advantage that the tightening step does not take as long, but if the speed is increased then it is important to know what this affects and if this can be tolerated.The torque-angle monitoring method allows deviations to be detected during tightening and shows that an assembly environment can cause problems with the screw joints. Regarding how an assembly environment can affect the quality of the screw joints, it is also recommended that factor tests should be used. With factor tests it is possible to identify how great the effect of different factors which are present in an assembly environment can be, as well as if there are any interaction between the factors.For the screw joints to cope with what is expected and to keep good quality, instructions should be followed for the dimensioning of flange joints.
Ahlund, Rasmus, and Oscar Ögren. "Pore pressures and settlements generated from two different pile drilling methods." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-193783.
Full textFör pålningsarbeten i känsliga jordar och speciellt i innerstadsprojekt är det viktigt att vara medveten om befintliga metoder och välja den mest gynnsamma av dessa för att på så sätt minimera de risker som är sammankopplade med arbetet. Sänkhammarborrning är en relativt säker påldrivningsmetod och kan delas upp i luftdriven borrning och vattendriven borrning. Det här arbetet jämför dessa två metoder och visar att formationspåverkan vid luftdriven borrning är större än den vid vattendriven borrning. Arbetet baseras på en fältstudie där totalt 4 pålar borrades, två med luftdriven borrning och två med vattendriven borrning. Borrningen genomfördes i en formation med lera ovanpå silt och ren friktionsjord och jorddjupet på platsen varierade mellan 12-15 meter. För att undersöka formationspåverkan mättes sättningar på djupet och på markytan och portryck mättes mitt i lerlagret. Arbetet kunde urskilja två huvudsakliga problem vid borrning i den här typen av formation. Det första är risken för överborrning i friktionslager och det andra är risken för portrycksökning i tätare lerlager. Båda dessa fenomen observerades när luftborrning utfördes men inget av dem kunde urskiljas då vattenborrning utfördes. Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att vattendriven borrning påverkar jorden mindre i den mening att den ger upphov till mindre portrycksökning och orsakar mindre korttidssättningar.
Kroneguld, Jörgen, and Atakan Özaj. "Samverkan mellan geotekniker och konstruktörer." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20435.
Full textThe present study includes settlement calculations with the latest commercial version of the computer program FEM-Design 12, developed in collaboration between geotechnical- and structural engineers.The program is a sequel to the earlier version FEM-Design 11 and also an improvement of the beta version 12, which was available and under development until the first commercial version of FEM-Design 12 was launched in autumn 2013.Previous studies have been made of a Beta version 12 in the form of a study, where the soil was modeled with volume elements, according to continuum mechanics. The results of this study demonstrated a large percent set difference (22 %) compared to settlement calculations in the geotechnical computer program PLAXIS. This percentage difference could either be due to that the building itself cannot be modeled in PLAXIS and thereby could not be considered in the calculations, or that there were deficiencies in the beta version FEM-Design 12, which led to that the results exhibited were not accurate.In this natural continuation, new calculations have been made by using the latest commercial version of FEM-Design 12 to validate the settlements in a new pilot Study and examine whether reasonable results is obtained. As part of this comparison and evaluation, hand calculations have been performed.The interaction between FEM-Design and the users have been examined to see how the users experience the new version and whether the program meets the objectives formulated in the context of the development work.Three different projects have been modeled in FEM-Design 12 where the soil is described by finite element (volume elements) will be used.
Bjureland, William. "Uttorkning av lera : Orsaker och följder." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10336.
Full textNilbrink, Daniel, and Simon Hedberg. "Marksättningar i Uppsala : En jämförelse mellan beräknat och verkligt utfall." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148656.
Full textParts of the ground in Uppsala consist of thick clay deposits. Natural creep settlements are ongoing in the area due to a process in the literature named geological aging. Increased load on the ground due to fill and lowered groundwater table due to pumping of drinking water are also contributing to settlements. The ground settlements in a new residential area at Kapellgärdet have in parts of the area reached up to 0.3 m during the first 10 years. With geotechnical data from the area, the soil profile has been interpreted. Calculations have been made based on the classic model for primary consolidation caused by increased effective stress from loading and lowered groundwater table. Contribution from creep has been estimated from experience at a test field in Stockholm – Mälardalen with similar soil profile and geotechnical properties. The assumptions made in the classic model provide a simplified picture of the reality, which may lead to large deviations from the actual outcome. The model used in the calculations of pore pressure equalization does not match the reality of the stratigraphy found in many areas in Stockholm – Mälardalen. The drainage properties of the varved clay and the fast desiccation of the muddy clay are thought to contribute to the fast consolidation process. To better understand the consolidation process, more detailed observations of the pore pressure equalization need to be done through the clay. Furthermore, settlement contribution due to creep is needed, as it seems to be a large part of the total settlements.
Asplind, Moa. "Pore water pressure and settlements generated from water driven DTH-drilling : - A field study." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231820.
Full textGrundläggning kan orsaka skador på intilliggande byggnader och infrastruktur. Borrning sker i känsliga områden och i innerstadsprojekt där markförhållandena är svåra. Det är viktigt att vara medveten om omgivningspåverkan borrning av pålar medför. Luftdriven borrning används ofta i produktion men vattendriven borrning rekommenderas i känsliga områden. Vattendriven borrning antas orsaka mindre störningar i marken, även om det inte finns några tillgängliga fältstudier som berör omgivningspåverkan från vattendriven borrning.Genom att mäta porvattentrycket och sättningarna under installationen av en borrad RD-spont undersöks storleken och utbredningen av omgivningspåverkan av vattendriven DTH borrning i fyllnads-material och ås-material. Resultaten indikerar sättningar nära de borrade pålarna i båda materialen, större i ås-materialet. Porstrycket visar både ökningar och minskningar i ås-materialet. Minskningarna antyder att Venturi-effekten är närvarande i vattendriven borrning. Förändringarna i porvattentrycket är större vid mätpunkten längst bort från borrningen i fyllmaterialet, men där är sättningen minst De största ökningarna av porvattentrycket ses när hammaren spolar vatten ut i formationen och inte under borrningen.
Natalie, Hernborg, and Tobias Strid. "Modellering av grundläggning och jord i FEM-Design : En studie av geomodulerna 3D Soil och Pile." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231863.
Full textThe finite element method, FEM, is a common method for load calculation in building construction design. In addition to the structure itself, the structural engineer must also model the soil response to achieve static equilibrium in the model. Using unyielding supports works for structures founded on rock, but in other cases the soil deformation must be simulated somehow. A common approach is that the structural engineer collaborates with a geotechnician who calculates the settlements in the soil due to the loads provided by the structural engineer. This is done in a geotechnical FEM program, e.g. PLAXIS. The structural engineer then uses the PLAXIS results to calculate spring supports simulating the soil response. The settlements in the structure can then be studied. This study has evaluated a different approach. The structure, foundation slabs, piles and subgrade has been modeled in a common model in the program FEM-Design 3D Structure 17. The study identified several possible benefits if the method proved reliable. If the structural engineer could model everything in one model, several work steps could be excluded. It would also eliminate the risk of errors that may occur when data is to be interpreted and moved between different programs. The studied case is a six-storey residential building founded on both piles and foundation slabs. An existing model with spring supports calculated in PLAXIS was modified into a complete model with structure, foundation slabs, piles and soil as finite elements. The complete model proved unable to produce any results. The Pile module and the 3D Soil module turned out to be incompatible. Facing this fact, the study decided to evaluate separate foundation elements individually. Piles and foundation slabs were extracted from the full model and studied first with externally calculated spring supports and then with the FEM-Design geotechnical modules. The results displayed larger deformations for the 3D Soil models. For the Pile module, the results should be regarded as equivalent. The major conclusion is that a building founded on both piles and foundation slabs is not possible to model together with subgrade in FEM-Design. The program developer StruSoft may develop the features in the future so that they can work together, but there is no forecast for when this can be done. However, the features can be used separately for structures with only one type of foundation. It should be emphasized that a structural engineer who is going to model the subgrade must have good geotechnical knowledge in order to handle the modules correctly. According to the authors, the optimal workflow would be that the structural engineer and the geotechnician worked in the same modeling program in a common model.
Balbas, Shaho, and Roham Nikinosheri. "Sättningsrespons – en jämförelse mellan resultat från två modelleringsmetoder." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20426.
Full textThis study is meant to make a comparison between settling calculations in FEM Design 11 (latest commercial version) and FEM Design 12 (beta version in development). In FEM Design 11, the soil can only be modeled with springs, which does not reflect the real behavior of the soil. Another drawback of modeling with springs is that they cannot transfer shear forces between each other, that is to say that the responsiveness of the springs is independent of each other.In FEM Design 12, soil can also be modeled with volume elements based on continuum mechanics. In this regard, the soil around the plate it taken into account when it is modeled as a construction material (volume element).This paper is to provide answers about if the benefit of modeling the soil with volume element is large enough compared to models with springs. It also analyzes which benefits that can be achieved by this. Finally, the authors intend to seek answers as to whether this can benefit future projects in whole.The model will be built in FEM Design 11 where the soil is modeled with springs, whose properties are described with bedding modules, in discreet points. Furthermore, the model will be opened up in FEM Design 12 where the springs are replaced with volume elements. Results of the settling calculations will then be compared. The results will also be compared with the PLAXIS model to get a confirmation that the soil behaves fairly. Result obtained from Project X shows that the settlements are bigger, both in size and distribution, when modeling with volume elements. With this study, it has also been demonstrated that a continuous voltage distribution allows the modeling of volume elements, which is not possible when modeling with bed modules.
Rahman, Aksel. "An Insight in the Mälarbanan Project : A Study of the Hydrological and Geotechnical Aspects of the Mälarbanan Project." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-391990.
Full textTrafikverket i Stockholm planerar att bygga ut Mälarbanan i samarbete med WSP. I nuläget sträcker sig Mälarbanan från Stockholm till Hovsta. Planen är att bygga ut från två spår till fyra spår och därmed separera pendeltåg från andra tåg. Då det finns begränsat med utrymme på ytan, måste man utnyttja utrymme under ytan. Detta kräver mest troligt en grundvattensänkning. Detta arbete fokuserar på två punkter i Solna Business Park. Grundvattensänkning påverkar omgivningen genom att bilda sättningar, en sjunkande rörelse i markytan. Då lera är extremt känsligt mot grundvattensänkningar, och lermäktigheten under markytan är ca 7 m, bör man sänka grundvattenytan så lite som det går. I detta projekt vill man inte sänka grundvattenytan med mer än 3,0 meter, då sänkningar som överstiger 3,0 m kan leda till extrema sättningar i den sättningskänsliga leran de kommande 100 åren. Detta, i samband med portryckssituationen, modelleras i Visual MODFLOW. Programmet producerar en situation för varje sänkning. Dessa sänkningar är: 0 m, 0,3 m, 1 m och 3 m. Detta implementeras i sättningsberäkningar i GS Settlement, som beräknar sättningarna de kommande 100 åren. Detta program tar med krypsättningar i beräkningarna. Parametrar som krävs för detta kommer från CPT, fallkonstester och CRS-tester i laboratorium. Dessa beräkningar ska avgöra huruvida projektet ska fortgå, om det nu kan fortgå.
Muradi, Las, and Jacob Edje. "Platsspecifik volym, koldioxidekvivalens och kostnad för skumglas, lättklinker och cellplast : En komparativ fallstudie utifrån dimensioneringskrav av en vägbank i Nättraby, Luleå och Norrköping." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för materialvetenskap och tillämpad matematik (MTM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44193.
Full textIn this study, a geotechnical investigation has been carried out to evaluate lightweight filling materials such as foam glass, cellular plastic, and expanded clay aggregate based on dimensioning requirements as lightweight filling material in an embankment. The goal is to analyze these materials and to conclude which material is most optimal regarding volume, costs, and environmental impact in a specific region in Sweden. The regions that have been investigated are Nattraby, Norrkoping, and Lulea. A case study has been carried out were a real project in Nattraby was the starting point for dimensioning the embankment. The following issues have been addressed: How large a volume of lightweight filling materials is required to meet the dimensioning requirements depending on the soil profile? How much will the sitespecific lightweight filling materials cost? How large is the site-specific environmental impact measured in carbon dioxide equivalents for each lightweight filling material? The study has been carried out through a literature study. When dimensioning settlements, manual calculations were performed. The SLOPE/W software was used in stability analyzes and in the production of the volume of lightweight filling materials. The environmental impact of lightweight filling materials has been measured in carbon dioxide equivalents and has been obtained from EPDs. The results show that foam glass has a volume between 90,653 - 95,340 m3, cellular plastic between 80,903 - 85,840 m3, and lightweight clay aggregate between 108,540 - 121,240 m3 for all cases. For the three areas, foam glass has a cost between SEK 90,653 - 95,340, cellular plastic between SEK 52,586.95 - 55,796, and lastly lightweight clay aggregate between SEK 75,978 - 84,868. Carbon dioxide equivalents that foam glass contributes to are between 704.74 - 741.17 CO2e, lightweight clay aggregate between 6 537.91 - 7 302.89 CO2e, and cellular plastic between 5 257.08 - 5 577.88 CO2e for all cases. In case 1 (Nattraby), lightweight clay aggregate and foam glass show the best results regarding dimensioning. Lightweight clay aggregate is most optimal in case 2 (Norrkoping) and in case 3 (Lulea) it turns out that lightweight clay aggregate and cellular plastic are most favorable from the dimensioning aspect. From a dimensioning point of view, the lightweight filling materials have varying results depending on the soil profile and optimization measure. Cellular plastic is the most optimal material in terms of volume and costs in all cases. Foam glass is the most favorable material based on environmental impact in general. In this study, cellular plastic or foam glass is the most optimal lightweight filling material in terms of volume, cost and environmental impact.
Johansson, Emil, and Hedén Victor Granlund. "Numerisk beräkning av krypsättningar i pelarförstärkt lera." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298990.
Full textThis master thesis investigates the suitability of using multicement, a mixture of cement and cement kiln dust (CKD), for deep cement mixing (DCM) as soil improvement in an area with high requirements regarding the maximum allowed settlements. This was done by numerical modelling of long-term settlement behaviour for a DCM improved soil. Furthermore, the usability of different material models when considering creep behaviour are studied. The report also investigates whether creep behaviour should be considered or not in this type of simulation. The simulations are done according to the geotechnical conditions and the planned design for an old gallop track in Täby Park, Sweden. A literature review is done as a basis for the simulations performed in Plaxis 2D with an axis symmetric 2D-model. The use of Mohr-Coulomb (MoC), Soft SoilCreep (SSC) and Concrete Model (CM) for the columns are motivated. Creep settlements are included in the clay for all simulations while the columns are simulated both with and without creep settlements. To ensure the suitability of the model, a calibration is done by replication of a research study as well as replication of settlement calculations of the unimproved clay on Galoppfältet. Thereafter different geometric options for the columns and varying fill depths are simulated. Lastly a sensitivity analysis is conducted to display how much the uncertain material properties affect the result. Using multicement columns (MC columns) for DCM seems to be a good method for stabilizing the soil in Galoppfältet to achieve small settlements over time. For columns with a diameter of 800 mm and a center distance of 1200 mm the following settlements were calculated with the different material models for different fill heights. This geometry was considered most suitable for the conditions at Galoppfältet. The two material models which account for creep in the columns show significantly different levels of total settlement. Due to lack of material data the results from simulations with SSC is deemed incorrect and thus not shown in the abstract. Thereby the results from MoC and CM without creep are deemed most credible even though they may be slightly low since they do not consider creep settlements in the columns. Furthermore, the Concrete Model is considered a good model to simulate settlements including creep in improved clay given that the material properties are carefully selected based on testing of the material. Soft Soil Creep may potentially be suitable for columns according to the calibration given that the different material parameters are investigated for the local conditions. However, CMare favoured. Mohr-Coulomb is deemed as a good model if creep settlements are neglected. With regards to this, the authors believe that creep tests of multicement columns should be considered to create improved preconditions for dimensioning of DCM columns with creep. This to improve the accuracy of design and potentially create cost reductions.
Bar-Am, Maya. "Akademiska sjukhuset : Befintliga geotekniska och hydrogeologiska förhållanden och dess markförutsättningar för framtida byggnationer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-449529.
Full textUppsala University Hospital is a large institution of vital societal function and many new buildings have been constructed and others rebuild during the past ten years. The hospital area is located on Uppsalaåsen and within a primary protection zone, i.e. there is a complex geology and requirements for the protection of the groundwater used for Uppsala’s water supply. The ground contains large sections of clay and has drastic changes in soil types. This has resulted in a subsidence problem within the hospital area. Region Uppsala has several plans regarding upcoming constructions at Uppsala University Hospital and due to the complicated soil situation is an investigation of the geotechnics and hydrogeology within the area sought for. The focus of this master thesis is on subsidence capacity and the ground water’s pressure levels. Four zones within the hospital area have been pointed out by Region Uppsala for potential future construction projects. The zones are at the parking garage T3, production kitchen, NOP-complex and new cyclotron building. The master thesis was divided into three parts; locating the soil layer sequence, calculation of subsidence based on CRS tests and study of the ground water’s pressure level. The soil layer sequence was construed in GeoSuite based on 474 probes conducted by the consultant company Bjerking. The probs respective soil layer was interpolated and illustrated as level curves using Topocad. Eight cross-sections were made within the zones of extra interest and the sections were made from a 3D-model created in Civil 3D. The soil layers examined throughout the master thesis were filling material, clay, granular soil, rock and ground surface. The subsidence capacity and its time were calculated based on two CRS trials and max-, min- and average values of the ground water’s pressure levels under the hospital area was computed based on 20 years of daily data retrieved from a measuring well in Stadsträdgården facilitated by Uppsala Vatten. The results confirm the ridge complex geology consisting of varying depths of clay under the hospital area. Several buildings will probably require deep foundations, e.g. the parking garage T3. The results also show areas of shallow layers of clay indicating lower risk of subsidence and hence will require a shallow foundation. The conducted subsidence calculations indicate that the parking garage T3 will sink 20 to 70 cm after 158 to 213 years if no foundation is implemented, which is in line with the current subsidence occurring at the building. The ground water’s pressure level has had an average value of + 2.3 m (RH2000) during the last 20 years and will probably not fluctuate in the future due to the existing decision on water management. Hence, some buildings within certain parts of the hospital area will require permission prior to construction within the primary zone. The results establish a valuable overview of the hydrogeology at Uppsala University Hospital and give indications regarding how the foundations in the zones of extra interest should be dimensioned sustainable and economically. However, more data is needed, e.g. additional probes and CRS trials, to gain an increased complexity of the hospital area in respect to soil layer sequences and subsidence tendency.