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1

Crozier, James H. "Telling stories : Aristotelian dramatic character in Juvenal's satires /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074393.

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2

Forshaw, Clifford A. "The chameleon muse : satirical personae in the formal verse satires of Marston, Guilpin and others." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310510.

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3

McDayter, Mark Alan. "This evasive way of abuse, satiric voices in English verse satire, 1640-1700." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ28292.pdf.

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4

Buchanan, David. "Augustan women's verse satire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0012/NQ34742.pdf.

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5

Bicak, Ivana. "Roman satiric modes in English verse satire, 1660-1740, with special reference to Swift's Horace and Pope's Juvenal." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10736/.

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This thesis questions the traditional dichotomy between the satires of Horace and Juvenal, a binary satiric theory that has strongly influenced twentieth-century readings of Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift. It is argued that the works of both Horace and Juvenal are too complex to be reduced to a single well-defined ‘type’ of satire. Hence, the popular labelling of Pope as a ‘Horatian’ satirist and Swift as a ‘Juvenalian’ satirist is shown to be as synthetic as the duality between Horace and Juvenal itself. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the Restoration theory of satire as a background for the study of Pope and Swift. Chapter 2 is a close reading of Juvenal, which questions the conventional portrayal of him as ‘the angry satirist’. Chapter 3 challenges the widespread characterisation of Pope as a Horatian satirist, and argues that even in his Horatian poems he has as much in common with Juvenal. Chapter 4 offers a close reading of Horace, which disputes the popular portrayal of him as ‘the smiling satirist’. Finally, Chapter 5 debunks the exclusive reading of Swift as a Juvenalian satirist, demonstrating his frequent use of Horace’s own satiric tactics. The aim throughout the thesis is to establish a less polarised and more nuanced understanding of the relationship between Juvenal and Horace, which can encourage a subtler appreciation of Pope and Swift as satirists.
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6

Hudson, Nicola Anne. "Food : a suitable subject for Roman verse satire." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8236.

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This thesis looks in particular at a number of satires by the Roman poets Horace and Juvenal in which food is prominent: Horace's Satires 2.2, 2.4 and 2.8 and Juvenal's satires 4, 5, 11 and 15. Where relevant the works of Lucilius and Persius have also been brought into the scope of the study. It begins with a discussion of the reasons why food might be considered a suitable subject for Roman verse satire (considering the nature of food and of eating, and the nature of the genre), and a brief survey of the forms which food takes in the genre. This is followed by an analysis of the gastronomic terminology which the satirists use to achieve a satirical rather than a gastronomic effect. The body of the study is taken up with the specific areas which interest the satirists when they deal with food: the antithesis of town and country diet, gastronomy, the dinner party ('cena'), gluttony and cannibalism. For the most part these are dealt with on a satire by satire, chapter by chapter basis. In the case of the town versus country antithesis, however, Horace's Satire 2.2 is used as a starting point for the discussion of the subject in Persius' and Juvenal's satires. The thesis suggests that the satirists create for the reader's entertainment a number of 'perfect' misinterpretations of the proper role of food: the failure to see food as nutrition, the over-intellectualisation of the subject, and the abuse of conviviality, among others. Roman verse satire does not, therefore, provide a comprehensive or accurate picture of eating habits during the period in which the satirists wore writing. it does, however, offer the satirically attuned reader a sophisticated and literary discussion of diners, 'cooks' and cannibals in the broader moral, social and cultural context.
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7

Goh, Ian. "Lucilius and the archaeology of Roman satire." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283889.

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8

Porter, David Andrew. "Neo-Latin formal verse satire from 1420 to 1616." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708254.

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9

Wheeler, Angela J. "English verse satire from Donne to Dryden : imitation of classical models /." Heidelberg : C. Winter, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35716182c.

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10

Klein, Kaitlyn Marie. "Literary Love(r)s: Recognizing the Female Outline and its implications in Roman Verse Satire." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2825.

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The existence of a metaphoric female standing in for poetic style was only plainly discussed in a paper from 1987 concerned with Roman elegiac poetry. This figure is given the title of scripta puella or written woman, since her existence depends solely on the writings of an author. These females often appear to have basis in reality; however there is insufficient evidence to allow them to cross out of the realm of fantasy. The term scripta puella in poetry refers to a perfected poetic form, one the author prefers over all others, and a human form creates the illusion of a mistress. Using this form, usually described in basic terms which create an outline of a woman, a poet easily expresses his inclination towards specific poetic styles and elements. While other scholars recognize the scripta puella in elegiac poetry, little research has been done into other genres. For this thesis, the focus is on the genre called Latin verse satire. The genre contains four recognized authors: Lucilius, Horace, Persius, and Juvenal. In order to prove her existence, each collection of satires is examined in its original language and analyzed with heavy emphasis on recognizing key phrases and attributes of scriptae puellae. Her appearances can be difficult to determine, as some examples will show, yet the existence of scriptae puellae enrich modern understanding of ancient texts. In addition to the four authors, articles and books dealing with women, satire, and women in satire are consulted to aid in explanation and support. With this body of proof, scriptae puellae are shown to exist within the Latin verse satirists' texts; they act as a link between the four authors and as a link to Greek poetry, which has been considered a possible predecessor for satire. This knowledge allows for a better explanation of satire as a genre and opens up the possibilities for further study in other genres which contain women of various forms.
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11

Kohlhepp, Adam John. ""Tis nature's law to change" : the Earl of Rochester in the hands of his readers /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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12

Fahey, Kathleen Agnes. "Some shorter satirical poems in English from the thirteenth to the early sixteenth centuries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:15454664-6d83-483e-93ac-025843416231.

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The aim of this thesis is to provide a thorough introduction to shorter satirical poetry in Middle English, and also to provide stimulus and material for further study in this somewhat neglected area of medieval English literature. The thesis presents 83 newly transcribed, edited and annotated shorter (approximately 200 ll. or less) poems, which have never before been collected. Strictly political poems, more properly the subject of a separate study, are not included, nor are the poems of Dunbar, Skelton, Henryson and Hoccleve, which are available in excellent editions. The poems are loosely grouped according to the subjects they satirize: clergy, women and marriage, money and venality, rogues and fools, specific people, and medical recipes. A lengthy introduction briefly discusses the problem of defining satire in the Middle English period before going on to discuss the background of medieval satire for each group. For each poem there are notes which clarify difficult points as well as give information on the manuscripts and editions in which the poem appears. Appendix A prints a not hitherto recognized parody of Lydgate's A Valentine to Our Lady with the text of Lydgate's poem facing, and discusses some of the difficulties of recognizing parody in Middle English in light of this particular example. Appendix B is an index which attempts to list all nonnarrative satirical verse in English which appeared between the thirteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A glossary of difficult words in the texts is included.
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13

Pelling, Richard Alexander. "Identity in the early works of John Marston, 1575-1634." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d4e24f67-17e2-4da3-9969-9bc446ab93fe.

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Among Marston's earliest works are two books of verse satires (Certaine Satyres and The Scourge of Villanie, both 1598) and three plays (Antonio and Mellida, Antonio's Revenge and What You Will, all between 1600-1602) in which he explored the composition of human identity. From the initial premiss that the self is socially constructed and tends always to be dependent on the social and material contexts in which it exists, he developed a conception of existential struggle, in which the individual self either succumbs to the influence of its environment, or else achieves an authentic autonomy by imposing its own reality on the world around it. The thesis is in five main parts. Chapter I reviews theories of identity in the sixteenth century, analyses the Roman verse satires on which Elizabethan satires were modelled, and gives an account of the developments in English society at the end of the sixteenth century that helped to generate a satirical discourse in which anxiety as to the stability of the self was prominent. Chapter II examines these satires, focusing on Marston but paying close attention also to such other authors as Donne, Hall, Guilpin, Lodge and the anonymous author of Micro-Cynicon. Chapters III and IV are a close reading of the three plays named above; it is argued that in them Marston developed the ideas about identity which he had first conceived in the satires into a considered anatomy of the self. Chapter V looks briefly at Marston's later plays, especially Sophonisba (1606) with the same principles in mind. As will be apparent, the emphasis of the thesis is on Marston as a thinker, rather than as a poetic technician or man of the theatre, although these aspects of him are considered where they are relevant.
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14

Randino, Simonetta <1973&gt. "Leopardi e la ricerca della traduzione perfetta: i "Versi morali dal greco" e il "Volgarizzamento della satira di Simonide sopra le donne" (1823-1824)." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/448.

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All'interno della pur vastissima bibliografia leopardiana c'è un campo di ricerca che fino a poco tempo fa è rimasto in ombra, vale a dire la traduzione. Negli ultimi anni però l'interesse per le traduzioni sembra avere un nuovo corso, specie per quanto riguarda le lingue antiche. Mi riferisco soprattutto all'edizione dei volgarizzamenti poetici a cura di Franco D'Intino, e al contributo di Novella Bellucci sulla teoria della traduzione.1 La mia ricerca è stata condotta seguendo la strada individuata da questi lavori, prendendo l'avvio dall'ipotesi che l'opera di Leopardi come traduttore e la sua riflessione sulla traduzione si siano influenzati reciprocamente. fl primo capitolo dello studio è stato dedicato all'analisi degli scritti teorici. Una lettura comparata delle introduzioni alle traduzioni poetiche giovanili (1815-1817), dei preamboli alle più tarde traduzioni in prosa (1826­1827) e dei pensieri dello Zibaldone intorno a questo argomento ha portato alle seguenti conclusioni: i). La riflessione sul tradurre è legata alle teorie linguistiche ancor più strettamente di quanto sia stato affermato sinora. Le prime osservazioni contenute nei saggi introduttivi giovanili possono essere ritenute il nucleo generatore del "sistema delle lingue" elaborato anni dopo nelle pagine dello Zibaldone. Nei saggi giovanili Leopardi riflette per la prima volta sulle differenze di indole fra le varie lingue, per cui alcune risultano più adatte di altre a riprodurre la lingua e lo stile dei classici antichi. Nello Zibaldone proseguì la sua ricerca, distinguendo le lingue in base a due principi: universalità e libertà. La libertà è il pregio principale che una lingua possa avere: le assicura un'ampia varietà di forme e una lunga sopravvivenza. Per quanto riguarda l'universalità, essa in passato è coincisa con la libertà, nel caso del greco, liberissimo per storia e per natura e parlato in tutto il mondo conosciuto. La moderna lingua universale è il francese, che però deve la propria diffusione non alla ricchezza di forme e costrutti, come era per il greco, bensì all'uniformità. ii) In questa situazione si intravede ancora una possibilità, per l'esistenza di una lingua che sia moderna e universale, e al tempo stesso Ubera: l'italiano è fra le lingue viventi l'unica che per varietà di forme e di costruzioni è paragonabile al greco, e dunque ha in potenza le caratteristiche adatte a divenire la lingua universale e Ubera che manca alla cultura contemporanea. iii). Con questo progetto contrasta la situazione di fatto: da quando la lingua e la letteratura italiane hanno perduto il proprio primato in Europa - ciò a giudizio di Leopardi è avvenuto dal XVH secolo in poi - la lingua è progressivamente decaduta, fino a giungere a uno stato di mancanza di autonomia e di imbarbarimento. Un grave rischio è inoltre costituito dalle pretese normative dei puristi, che, se avessero corso, invece di preservare la purezza originaria della lingua, soffocherebbero per sempre la sua libertà e la sua capacità di produrre sempre nuovi vocaboU a partire da poche radici. La soluzione è offerta dall'esempio del greco, che dovrà essere imitato per ricreare le qualità originarie della lingua italiana. iv). È a questo punto che la traduzione ritorna come pratica di vitale importanza per le lingue. Si intuisce infatti che la traduzione dal greco costituisce l'attività privilegiata per esercitare la libertà e la varietà dell'italiano. Per studiare l'influenza di queste riflessioni sulla pratica della traduzione, sono stati scelti il Volgarizzamento della satira di Simonide sopra le donne e i Versi morali dal greco. La loro composizione risale al periodo fra la fine del 1823 e i primi mesi del 1824,2 quando la maggior parte delle riflessioni sin qui esposte era stata compiuta, e offrono dunque la possibilità di studiare l'influenza che su di essi ebbe la riflessione teorica. Si è creduto di riconoscere, in questa raccolta di traduzioni, una coerenza che fino ad ora non è stata posta in rilievo. L'unità delle composizioni, scritte di seguito nel medesimo autografo, è stata messa in ombra dal fatto che due di esse nel 1834 sono state scelte per essere incluse nei Canti. Si tratta delle poesie che concludono la sezione dei frammenti, intitolate Dal greco di Simonide {Canti LX) e Dallo stesso {Canti LXI). Nel corso di questa indagine si è ritenuto necessario interpretare i due frammenti assieme alle altre traduzioni, con cui sono stari conservati per più di dieci anni. L'analisi dei volgarizzamenti è stata suddivisa secondo le differenze di stile e di tecnica della traduzione. Il primo e il secondo capitolo sono dedicati ai poeti dei Versi morali: nel secondo sono analizzate le versioni dei poeti della commedia di mezzo, nel terzo invece le traduzioni da Archiloco e Simonide, l'ultimo è dedicato alla Satira sopra le donne. Di ogni traduzione sono stati innanzi tutto presi in esame gli aspetti formali -struttura metrica, lessico e sintassi- e di seguito è stato fatto un confronto con gli originali. Per il raffronto sono state consultate le edizioni utilizzate da Leopardi, secondo quanto è possibile stabilire dagli Elenchi di letture, dalle note nello Zibaldone e dal Catalogo della Biblioteca di Recanati. Le traduzioni dai poeti comici sono quattro: due da Alessi una da Amfide e una da Eubulo. Esse costituiscono un caso isolato nell'opera di Leopardi e non offrono possibilità di accostamenti come invece avviene per le altre tre composizioni dei Versi morali. La lingua si attesta su un registro medio, nel quale risaltano singole voci o espressioni particolarmente colorite. La mediazione fra cultura antica e moderna è compiuta con molta attenzione: come si è detto Leopardi tende a eliminare i riferimenti a usi del mondo greco che ritiene ormai incomprensibili, e li rende con concetti equivalenti, ma più intelleggibili. Le traduzioni da Archiloco e da Simonide sono state condotte con un metodo completamente diverso: lo stile è alto, caratterizzato da un vocabolario ricco di grecismi e di latinismi e da una sintassi complicata. Nonostante la grande differenza, è sembrato di poter istituire un rapporto fra queste tre composizioni e gli altri frammenti dei Versi morali: se questi ultimi, composti in endecasillabi sdruccioli, appartengono per metro e stile alla tradizione della commedia, un rimando alla drammaturgia è riconoscibile anche nelle versioni da Archiloco e da Simonide, che sono composte da un'unica strofa di endecasillabi e settenari variamente rimati, e sono assimilabili per forma e per temi ai cori dei drammi antichi, così come sono descritti in un passo dello Zibaldone, e così come nella tradizione letteraria italiana sono stati riprodotti nell'Aminta e nel Pastor fido. Lo studio dei due frammenti simonidei implica una discussione del problema della loro attribuzione. Come è noto, essi non appartengono al medesimo autore: il primo è opera del poeta Semonide di Amorgo, come anche il giambo Sopra le donne, e solo il secondo frammento dei Canti deve essere ascritto a Simonide di Ceo. Nonostante vari dubbi su tale questione persistano, e interventi anche recenti si esprimano in termini diversi, ritengo, anche sulla scorta di quanto affermato da Marcello Gigante nel suo ultimo intervento su Leopardi e Simonide,3 che a Leopardi fosse noto soltanto il poeta lirico Simonide di Ceo, e che a questi abbia inteso attribuire tutte le opere tradotte sotto questo nome. il Volgarizzamento della satira di Simonide sopra le donne è anteriore ai Versi morali. Per molti aspetti la composizione è assimilabile a quelle dai poeti comici, di cui condivide il metro. Per lo stile si può individuare un modello preciso, vale a dire le Satire di Ariosto. Il fondamento spirituale di questo volgarizzamento appare più complesso che nei frammenti dai poeti comici. La tendenza ad accentuare, rispetto all'originale, i toni cupi e sarcastici, fa pensare che il motivo satirico sia solo un pretesto, per suggerire una verità più profonda: come in alcuni passi dello Zibaldone e dei Pensieri, la donna assurge qui a figura esemplare del destino umano, e la scellerataggine che le è attribuita è solo una fra le tante manifestazioni dell'accanimento della sorte contro gli uomini. Dal confronto con il greco è emersa un'altra caratteristica del volgarizzamento, vale a dire la tendenza a forzare la traduzione in modo da dare un'immagine offuscata degli dei. In altre parole, nel volgarizzamento essi sono presentati come delle figure intermedie fra il destino a loro stessi superiore e l'uomo, secondo una visione non dissimile da quella espressa nella Storia del genere tonano, e tale interpretazione non è suggerita dall'originale greco. L'analisi condotta sulla base dei criteri desunti dalle stesse opere di Leopardi testimonia come queste, che sono le ultime prove poetiche prima degli anni dedicati alla prosa, rispondono all'intendimento di sperimentare, attraverso la traduzione dal greco, nuove forme e nuovi stili per la lingua italiana. Fra queste composizioni, nate come esercizio di "varietà della lingua", videro la luce due capolavori, le traduzioni simonidee dei Canti. Una riconsiderazione di questi due frammenti all'interno della breve raccolta in cui furono originariamente inclusi, è necessaria per meglio comprendere la loro storia e il loro significato. 1 Poeti greci e latini, a c. di F. D'INTINO, Roma 1999 e N. BELLUCCI, «Difficoltà e impossibilità di ben tradurre». Teoria e pratica della traduzione nei pensieri dello Zibaldone, in Lo Zibaldone cento anni dopo: composizione, edizione, temi. Atti del X Convegno intemazionale di studi leopardiani, Firenze 2001. 2 In corso d'opera è stata avanzata per i Versi morali una cronologia più precisa, in base al confronto con alcuni appunti zibaldoniani: sarebbero stati compiuti fra il dicembre 1823 e il gennaio 1824. 3 M. GIGANTE, Simonide e Leopardi, «La Parola del Passato», 53, 1998. There's a work field that has been neglected up to now, inside the huge Leopardi's bibliography, that is the translation. In these last years, however, interest in his translations seems to grow up, especially the ones from ancient languages. I'm referring first of all to the edition of poetic translations from greek and from latin, by Franco D'Intino, and to Novella Bellucci's study about Leopardi's theory of translation.1 My research has taken inspiration from these two works, and starts from the hypothesis that Leopardi's translations and his reflections on translating are strictly connected. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis about the theory of translation. A comparative reading of the Preamboli to the earlier poetic translations (1815-1817), of the later introductions to prose translations (1826-1827) and of the thoughts of the Zibaldone (1817-1832) regarding this subject, led to the following conclusions: 1. Leopardi's considerations on translating are linked to his theory of languages. First observations included in the early introductions can be considered the origin of the "sistema delle lingue" worked out some years later in the "Zibaldone". In his early essays, Leopardi reflected for the first time about the differences between languages: some of them are more suitable to reproduce the style of ancient languages. In the "Zibaldone" he continued his research, and his classification of languages depends from two principles: freedom and universality. Freedom is the most important quality, and gives languages variety and a long life. For what concerns universality, it was the same thing of freedom, in the greek language. Greek was free for his history and nature and it was spoken in the entire known world. The modern universal language is the french one, but it owes his diffusion to his uniformity, and not to his variety, as it happened with greek. 2. Italian language is the last chance for having a modem language, which still maintains freedom. It is the only one comparable to greek, for his variety, so that it can be the modern universal language. 3. But the italian language lays in a situation of decadence: it has lost his importance in Europe since the 17* century, and has became debased and influenced from french language. A great risk is also represented from the claims of the "Accademici della Crusca": instead of preserving its original pureness, they want to stifle its freedom and its capability to create new terms. 4. The solution is represented from greek language: it shall be imitated to re-create the italian, and translating from greek is of vital interest Translating from greek is the only good mean to practice freedom and variety in Italian language. In order to understand the influence of these reflections on Leopardi's practice of translation, we have decided to analyse a little number of translations, composed between the end of 1823 and the beginning of 1824: the Volgarizzamento della satira di Simonide sopra le donne and the Versi morali dal greco. They are characterised by a coherence that has been till now neglected. The consideration of the unity of the Versi morali has been obscured because Leopardi in the "Canti" has included two of them. They are the two compositions entitled Dal greco di Simonide (Canti LX) and Dallo stesso (Canti LXT)- In our work we have considered the two poems together with the other translations, among which they have been kept for ten years, before being included in the "Canti". Second and third chapter are dedicated to the poets of the "Versi morali": translations from the poets of middle comedy are analysed in the second chapter, while in the third one the translations form Archilocus and Simonides are analysed; the last chapter is dedicated to the Satira sopra le donne. For each translation we have analysed metre, vocabulary and syntax, then we have compared it with the original greek composition. For the comparison we have referred to the same editions of ancient poets used by Leopardi. There are four translations from poets of the middle comedy: two from Alexis, one from Amphis and one from Eubulus. Language and style are those of common speech, with a few rare and vernacular terms. Great attention is given to eliminate from them elements that are peculiar of ancient world and difficult to understand to a modern reader. The translations from Archilocus and Simonides are completely different: the vocabulary is full of terms taken from greek and latin, the syntax is very difficult and style is noble and magnificent. We can presume a relationship between the translations from the poets of middle comedy and the translations from Archilocus and Simonides: the first ones have the metre and the style of italian comedy, while the second ones are a sort of "chorus", like the ones of the Aminta and Pastor fido. There's a problem concerning the attribution of the two fragments Dal greco di Simonide. They are not from the same author only the second is by Simonides Coeus, while the first one is by Semonides of Amorgo, and also the Satira sopra le donne is by Semonides. We must presume that Leopardi knew only Simonides Coeus: he thought that Simonides was the author of all the compositions he translated under this name. Poeti greci e latini, a c. di F. D'INTINO, Roma 1999 e N. BELLUCO, nDifficolta e impossibilita di ben tradurre*. Teoria e pratica della traduzione nei pensieri dello Zibaldone, in Lo Zibaldone cento ami dopo: composizione, edizione, temi Atti del X Convegno internazionale di studi leopardiani, Firenze 2001. The "Volgarizzamento della satira di Simonide sopra le donne" has been composed before the "Versi morali". It has the same metre of the translations from poets of middle comedy, but it is more complex. Leopardi emphasizes the dark and sardonic note, and the satire is just an opportunity to speak about the cruelty of human destiny. As in the "Zibaldone" and in the "Pensieri", woman here is the symbol of a more general unhappiness, and her wickedness is just one of the many misfortunes that trouble mankind. Leopardi also forces the translation in order to give a particular description of gods: they are presented as an intermediary between mankind and destiny, and they are similar to the gods in the "Storia del genere umano", but this interpretation is not suggested from the original greek poem. These compositions are the last poems of Leopardi, before the composition of the "Operette morali": and they give evidence to the attempt to find, through translation, new forms and styles for italian language. Two masterpieces, the translations "Dal greco di Simonide" of the "Canti", rose among these poems: a study of the two fragments together with the other translations is necessary to improve knowledge of their history and their meaning.
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15

Magalhães, Francisca Rodrigues. "Avaliação de condicionadores em solo para uso em telhados verdes com vistas à retenção hídrica." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8517.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
As inundações são fenômenos naturais que ocorrem devido às chuvas de grande magnitude, agravadas nas áreas urbanas pela impermeabilização do solo e ineficiência dos sistemas de drenagem. Os telhados verdes surgem como uma medida compensatória estrutural que pode reter parte da água precipitada, adiando o pico de escoamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de desenvolver uma combinação de solo e condicionadores para telhado verde, promovam um aumento relevante na capacidade de retenção hídrica e um maior adiamento do pico de escoamento das águas pluviais. Este estudo foi dividido em duas etapas. Na Etapa 1, foram analisadas, em colunas de percolação, três condicionadores nas seguintes concentrações: Gel retentor Stockosorb (2; 4; 6 g/dm3), Fertilizante de liberação lenta Osmocote (4,7; 7,1; 9,0 g/dm3) e Zeólita (30; 50; 70 g/dm3), em três eventos (regas) consecutivos de chuva simulada na intensidade de 57 mm/h. A avaliação das concentrações mais adequadas dentre as testadas para cada condicionante foi baseada nas análises referentes à retenção hídrica (altura do meio após a rega; tempo de adiamento do escoamento; mm retidos; intensidade da água percolada em mm/min) e à qualidade da água percolada (pH, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez e sólidos). Na Etapa 2, foi avaliada, em vasos, a influência da presença de três espécies de plantas (Arachis pintoi; Raphanus sativus; Lavandula angustifolia) em dois tipos de meio: solo sem condicionadores; solo com condicionadores nas melhores concentrações indicadas na Etapa 1, sendo simulada apenas um evento de chuva de 57 mm/h. Foram analisados parâmetros biológicos (germinação; plantas sobreviventes; comprimento do caule e da raiz; pesos da biomassa do caule e da raiz); retenção hídrica (altura do meio após a rega; tempo de adiamento do escoamento; mm retidos; intensidade da água percolada em mm/min); qualidade da água percolada (pH; oxigênio dissolvido; turbidez; sólidos; nitrato; amônia; fósforo total). Os resultados da Etapa 1 indicaram que o gel promoveu de forma significativa um aumento na retenção hídrica, e adiou o início da percolação de água, além de promover ligeira elevação do pH na água percolada. A adição de zeólita resultou em um aumento significativo da retenção hídrica, porém tal aumento não é vantajoso visto que este representa um custo adicional que poderia ser reduzido com o aumento da proporção do gel na coluna. A adição de fertilizantes não promoveu mudanças na qualidade da água percolada. Na Etapa 2, somente o efeito da presença de A. pintoi (maior produção de biomassa de raiz e caule) e R. sativus foram avaliadas. A presença dos condicionantes no solo proporcionou um desempenho significativamente superior em relação a retenção hídrica (altura do substrato e adiamento do pico de chuva) e qualidade da água percolada (pH e turbidez) quando comparados aos testes realizados na presença somente de solo. O fertilizante influenciou nas altas concentrações dos nutrientes (nitrogênio e fósforo) na água percolado nos resultados. A presença do gel no substrato, resultou numa capacidade superior de retenção de hídrica, e consequentemente no adiamento do pico de intensidade de chuva. Sendo assim, recomenda-se a aplicação do gel em telhados verdes para futuros estudos em ambientes externos.
Floods are natural phenomena that occur due to the large magnitude of rains, aggravated in urban areas by soil sealing and inefficient drainage systems. Green roofs emerge as a structural compensatory measure may retain part of the precipitated water, delaying the peak flow. The objective of this study was to develop a combination of soil and conditioners for green roof, promote a significant increase in water retention capacity and greater postponement of the peak stormwater runoff. This study was divided into two stages. In Step 1, were analyzed by percolation columns three conditioners in the following concentrations: Gel STOCKOSORB retainer (2; 4; 6 g / dm3) Osmocote slow-release fertilizer (4,7; 7,1; 9, 0 g / dm3) and zeolite (30; 50; 70 g / dm3), three events (watering) consecutive simulated rainfall intensity of 57 mm / hr. Evaluation of the most suitable among the concentrations tested for each condition was based on the analyzes for water retention (when the medium after watering, the flow delay time; mm retained; intensity of percolated water in mm / min) and the quality of percolated water (pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and solids). In Step 2, was evaluated in pots, the effect of the presence of three species of plants (Arachis pintoi, Raphanus sativus, Lavandula angustifolia) in two types of medium: no soil conditioners; best soil conditioners in concentrations indicated in Step 1, only one being simulated rainfall event of 57 mm / hr. Biological parameters were analyzed (germination, surviving plants, stem and root length, stem biomass and root weight); Water retention (after half the time of irrigation, the flow delay time; mm retained; intensity of percolated water in mm / min); quality of soil solution (pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, solids, nitrate, ammonia, total phosphorus). The Step 1 results indicated that the gel significantly promoted an increase in water retention, and delayed the start of the percolation of water, and promote slight increase of pH in soil solution. The addition of zeolite resulted in significant improvement of water retention, not as much as the retaining gel. The addition of fertilizers did not cause changes in the quality of the soil solution. In Step 2, only the effect of the presence of A. pintoi (higher biomass of root and stem) and R. sativus were evaluated. The presence of conditions on the ground provided a significantly better performance in relation to water retention (substrate height and postponement of peak rainfall) and quality of the soil solution (pH and turbidity) when compared to tests carried out in the presence only of soil. However, the influence on the high fertilizer concentrations of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in water leachate in the results, it is concluded that the presence of the gel on the substrate, resulting in a higher water retention ability, and therefore in delaying the peak intensity rain. Thus, the application of the gel is recommended for further studies to green roofs outdoors.
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16

Pedrazzini, Ana Mercedes. "La construction de l’image présidentielle dans la presse satirique : vers une grammaire de l’humour. Jacques Chirac dans l’hebdomadaire français Le Canard enchaîné et Carlos Menem dans le supplément argentin Sátira/12." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040203/document.

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Abstract:
Cette thèse analyse la manière dont le discours satirico-humoristique se constitue lorsqu’il cible la figure présidentielle, en se focalisant sur des dimensions de contenu et de forme qui le structurent, et en faisant attention à leur articulation. A partir d’une étude biculturelle (France-Argentine), qui vise à la conceptualisation d’un humour transculturel, nous supposons qu’au-delà des spécificités locales, il est possible de parvenir à une grammaire, et donc à un système d’invariants, constituée des codes verbaux et visuels.Suivant une approche basée sur les sciences de l’information et de la communication, nous intégrons des perspectives théoriques et méthodologiques complémentaires pour analyser deux corpus de titres et d’images (caricatures politiques à une ou plusieurs vignettes) de l’hebdomadaire Le Canard enchaîné et du supplément Sátira/12 qui portent sur Jacques Chirac et Carlos Menem respectivement, à des moments de grande importance politique pendant leurs deux mandats
This thesis analyzes the satirical humour discourse that aims at the presidential institution, by focusing on how its content and form are constituted and interrelated. Based on a bicultural approach (France-Argentina) aiming to contribute to the conceptualization of transcultural humour, we put forward that beyond local specificities, it is possible to construct a grammar, or a system of invariants, constituted by verbal and visual codes.Following an approach based on information and communication sciences, we merge different theoretical and methodological perspectives to analyse two corpora of titles and images (political cartoons and strips), from the weekly Le Canard enchaîné and the weekly newspaper supplement Sátira/12, that deal with Jacques Chirac and Carlos Menem, respectively, at moments of great political importance of their two presidential terms
En este trabajo abordamos la construcción de la imagen mediática del ex presidente JacquesChirac en el semanario satírico francés Le Canard enchaîné, centrándonos en los rasgos depersonalidad que el periódico atribuye al personaje. Nuestro corpus está conformado por 234títulos que tratan sobre el mandatario en cuatro períodos de análisis seleccionados por suimportancia en el contexto político de Francia a lo largo de sus dos mandatos. Realizamosinicialmente un análisis de discurso y un análisis de contenido de los títulos con el fin deidentificar y clasificar los rasgos de personalidad y detectamos que la mayoría son negativos.Acto seguido, aplicamos un test χ² que nos permitió determinar la existencia de unadependencia entre los rasgos negativos y los períodos analizados. Un Análisis Factorial deCorrespondencias Simples posibilitó identificar tres grupos con algunas modalidadesasociadas. La decisión de conformar estos grupos fue luego confirmada por un Análisis deClasificación Jerárquica. Los rasgos agrupados según un ethos preponderante constituyenaspectos nucleares en la figura de un Presidente y su variación a lo largo de los cuatroperíodos analizados no responde a un criterio cronológico sino que parece guardar relacióncon las vicisitudes del escenario político
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17

Liu, Hsin Yi, and 劉幸怡. "A study of verse satire of the Late T''ang." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80760288999007531196.

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18

Rao, Durga Srinivasa T. "Problems of translating satire from english to telugu and vice versa: An evaluation." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/858.

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19

Newman, Jonathan M. "Satire of Counsel, Counsel of Satire: Representing Advisory Relations in Later Medieval Literature." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/16806.

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Abstract:
Satire and counsel recur together in the secular literature of the High and Late Middle Ages. I analyze their collocation in Latin, Old Occitan, and Middle English texts from the twelfth to the fifteenth century in works by Walter Map, Alan of Lille, John of Salisbury, Daniel of Beccles, John Gower, William of Poitiers, Thomas Hoccleve, and John Skelton. As types of discourse, satire and counsel resemble each other in the way they reproduce scenarios of social interaction. Authors combine satire and counsel to reproduce these scenarios according to the protocols of real-life social interaction. Informed by linguistic pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and cultural anthropology, I examine the relational rhetoric of these texts to uncover a sometimes complex and reflective ethical discourse on power which sometimes implicates itself in the practices it condemns. The dissertation draws throughout on sociolinguistic methods for examining verbal interaction between unequals, and assesses what this focus can contribute to recent scholarly debates on the interrelation of social and literary practices in the later Middle Ages. In the first chapter I introduce the concepts and methodologies that inform this dissertation through a detailed consideration of Distinction One of Walter Map’s De nugis curialium . While looking at how Walter Map combines discourses of satire and counsel to negotiate a new social role for the learned cleric at court, I advocate treating satire as a mode of expression more general than ‘literary’ genre and introduce the iii theories and methods that inform my treatment of literary texts as social interaction, considering also how these approaches can complement new historicist interpretation. Chapter two looks at how twelfth-century authors of didactic poetry appropriate relational discourses from school and household to claim the authoritative roles of teacher and father. In the third chapter, I focus on texts that depict relations between princes and courtiers, especially the Prologue of the Confessio Amantis which idealizes its author John Gower as an honest counselor and depicts King Richard II (in its first recension) as receptive to honest counsel. The fourth chapter turns to poets with the uncertain social identities of literate functionaries at court. Articulating their alienation and satirizing the ploys of courtiers—including even satire itself—Thomas Hoccleve in the Regement of Princes and John Skelton in The Bowge of Court undermine the satirist-counselor’s claim to authenticity. In concluding, I consider how this study revises understanding of the genre of satire in the Middle Ages and what such an approach might contribute to the study of Jean de Meun and Geoffrey Chaucer.
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