Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Satellite television'

Since 2004, the Chinese media scene has been dominated by what is called the “pan-reality television” trend. Reality television is capable of synchronizing the effects of all the political, economic, and cultural factors into the participants’ actions and becoming a powerful reconstruction of the social environment from which it emerges. The thesis takes Jiangsu Satellite TV (JSTV)’s golden hour reality televisions as the case to address the question of how they express, reflect and formulate the imaginations and understandings of urban living, focusing on the cultural, social, and political specificities of these reality television shows. The thesis is an attempt to bring into discussions ignored aspects of popular television culture that can be potential source for furthering the understanding of urban conditions in China. The thesis finds that the images, the discursive fields, and the procedures of the games in the reality television shows and the governmental regulations imposed on them are part of the mechanisms to dissemble a set of discourses into the colloquial, the practices of urban lives, and possibly the imaginations of urban lifestyles. Emerging out of this dynamic process is the formulation of a way of life in the context of urban China – specifically, the linear, individual progressivity. The main body of the thesis will empirically show how the linear, individual progressivity is installed and enacted in the shows and political implications of that.

The increasing flow of international and Western cultural and information input into Iran, via satellite technologies, has affected the traditional, cultural and religious heritage of the country. Considering the political, cultural and economic realities of Iran and the history of its media, this research intends to examine the uneven flow of information and entertainment of global media via satellite in Iran within the context of the international communication and cultural imperialism theory. This study attempts to revise the cultural imperialism theory through a case study and identifies its limitations and the areas that could be developed within its infrastructure such that it will be applicable to the current situation and contemporary arguments of the media flow. It reviews the cultural imperialism theory in the light of the active audience's perspective and analyses the mixed and contradictory dynamics of reconstruction, adoption and resistance of international media. This research analyses the emergence of Persian language satellite television news and entertainment in Iran. A mixture of political, cultural and economic pressures dominates the editorial conduct of those expatriate and Persian language satellite channels. Political pressures, however, seem to be playing the most apparent role in that process. This study critically analyses the activities of Jaam-e-Jam and VOA Persian language satellite channels and examines the factors that affect the editorial policies and practice of the studied channels. It addresses these issues by studying the evolution, style of ownership, organisational structure, and content as well as editorial and managerial power hierarchy of those channels. In order to asses the attitudes, and encoded messages of these stations, a combination of content and discourse analysis is used. This research also empirically examines the audience's response in a detailed focus group investigation to see how they perceive and interpret the encoded messages.

Taiwan's new media have developed quickly since the mid-1980s. However, media legislation has lagged behind the introduction of new media technologies. For instance, the wide-spread but still entirely illegal cable television-linked service, the Fourth Channel, is a unique feature of the development of new media in Taiwan. This idiosyncratic situation in Taiwan's media industry cannot be simply described as due to the rapid development of technology. The aim of this thesis is to provide a context in which to examine the development of television broadcasting and the introduction of cable and satellite television in Taiwan and its idiosyncratic nature. This thesis (1) explores the major factors in influencing the development of the television system in Taiwan; (2) identifies the similarities and differences of the introduction and development of television, cable and satellite television systems between Taiwan and the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan and Hong Kong; and (3) analyses the implications of the introduction of new media (cable and satellite television) in Taiwan. The study reveals that Taiwan's television system has been heavily influenced by its unique sociopolitical, economic and cultural circumstances. As a result, a particular form of the television system, which does not fit into the models provided by the five selected case studies, has developed in Taiwan.

This thesis is concerned with the FM demodulator techniques used in terrestrial TV receiver designs for Direct Broadcast Systems (DBS) from satellites. The various MAC/Packet schemes intended for DBS applications are described and the international standards that apply to them considered, with particular emphasis on the D2-MAC system. Noise in FM systems is discussed and a suitable threshold noise model is chosen for use in DBS TV demodulator systems. The characteristics of the various types of noise effects are considered in terms of their effect upon the TV picture. The threshold performance of a conventional FM demodulator for differing types of modulation is reviewed and it is shown how the threshold characteristic depends upon the nature of the modulation. The literature review carried out represents a significant component of the thesis and combines material from patent literature with more conventional source materials from professional journals, conferences, textbooks, etc. Some ten existing demodulator concepts that exhibit threshold extension characteristics are examined, and where relevant their potential performance in D2-MAC format systems is assessed. The demodulator characteristics that limit their performance in TV systems are identified. It is concluded that designing a threshold extension demodulator, with reliable operation, for all picture contents and for a wide range of input carrier-to-noise ratios, is a formidable task using existing design techniques. On the basis of this examination an adaptive threshold extension demodulator concept is proposed, that utilises information contained within the signal structure to achieve an improved performance over a wide range of input carrier-to-noise ratios and picture content. It is shown how the relevant signal structures may be derived from conventional (PAL, SECAM and NTSC), MAC format and all-digital television systems. Illustrations are given that show how the adaptive demodulator concept can be applied to certain existing threshold extension demodulators, enhancing their performance for television picture reception. Future trends in all-digital DBS TV systems intended ultimately for DBS applications are briefly discussed together with their demodlilation requirements.

The growth of direct broadcast satellite television distribution to the home as a viable competitor to cable and terrestrial broadcast has fostered the availability of special interest or niche channels and therefore provided greater choice to the viewer. This study, based on uses and gratifications theory, examined the relationships among ritual and instrumental viewing motivations and satisfactions, viewer religiosity, and viewing attentiveness as they related to the selection of a niche television channel, Brigham Young University Television. The uses and gratification approach provides an appropriate framework for studying "media consumption, the interrelated nature of television user motives, and the relationships among viewing motives and viewing patterns" (Abelman, 1989, p. 57). Data was gathered by way of an online survey of non-random, self-selected BYU Television viewers. Participants answered 67 questions about their motives for choosing to view BYU Television and the gratifications they received from their viewing. The 596 valid responses to the survey were analyzed. The study results are in harmony with previous uses and gratifications studies examining ritual and instrumental viewing patterns. The data found positive relationships between instrumental viewing motives and instrumental viewing satisfactions, as well as instrumental viewing motives and viewing selectivity. There was no support for those hypotheses that dealt with the level of viewing attention as it related to religiosity or instrumental viewing motives. Future topics of study are suggested including the opportunity an expanded media universe provides to increase the depth and breadth of uses and gratification theory, as well as to study the role of niche television services in community building.

In less than ten years, Aljazeera television has become the most popular satellite news service in the Arab world. Regimes around the region have regarded Aljazeera as a threat, while Aljazeera has consistently claimed that it is simply reporting the truth. Notwithstanding this, Aljazeera has successfully established its presence in the media world despite the controversies surrounding its professional approach and the hammering criticism that has been directed to it in both the Middle East and the West. This research explores the thesis that Aljazeera is a catalyst of democratisation and social and political change in the Arab world. As a recent media phenomenon, Aljazeera has been playing a critical role in changing the social and political values of societies in the Arab world and viewers’ perceptions of a range of social and cultural topics relating to human rights, equality, diversity, gender, employment and exploitation. It is said that through its persistent campaigns to raise the awareness of its increasingly broadening viewer base to these issues, Aljazeera has created a new public sphere in the Arab countries that are traditionally and historically non-democratic in the least and despotic and dictatorial in the extreme. It became “[the] arena within which debate occurs...” (Hartley, 2002, p.191) between viewers who share in the process of discourse to communicate and debate. In this context Aljazeera provided a public forum for Arab viewers to express their views and address a range of sensitive and controversial issues. Consequently, it is the perception of democracy that Aljazeera seems to be fostering in the Arab world, which is leading to a sense of empowerment at the individual level. The research sought to examine this phenomenon through a field study that garnered vital data from a representative sample of 600 viewers of Aljazeera, including 100 media professionals, in four Arab countries: Egypt, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, and Qatar, and amongst the Arab diaspora (with the Australian Arabs as a focus group). The data was analysed against a media model that was developed specifically for that purpose. The findings support the research hypothesis that Aljazeera is a catalyst of democratisation and socio-political change.

In less than ten years, Aljazeera television has become the most popular satellite news service in the Arab world. Regimes around the region have regarded Aljazeera as a threat, while Aljazeera has consistently claimed that it is simply reporting the truth. Notwithstanding this, Aljazeera has successfully established its presence in the media world despite the controversies surrounding its professional approach and the hammering criticism that has been directed to it in both the Middle East and the West. This research explores the thesis that Aljazeera is a catalyst of democratisation and social and political change in the Arab world. As a recent media phenomenon, Aljazeera has been playing a critical role in changing the social and political values of societies in the Arab world and viewers’ perceptions of a range of social and cultural topics relating to human rights, equality, diversity, gender, employment and exploitation. It is said that through its persistent campaigns to raise the awareness of its increasingly broadening viewer base to these issues, Aljazeera has created a new public sphere in the Arab countries that are traditionally and historically non-democratic in the least and despotic and dictatorial in the extreme. It became “[the] arena within which debate occurs...” (Hartley, 2002, p.191) between viewers who share in the process of discourse to communicate and debate. In this context Aljazeera provided a public forum for Arab viewers to express their views and address a range of sensitive and controversial issues. Consequently, it is the perception of democracy that Aljazeera seems to be fostering in the Arab world, which is leading to a sense of empowerment at the individual level. The research sought to examine this phenomenon through a field study that garnered vital data from a representative sample of 600 viewers of Aljazeera, including 100 media professionals, in four Arab countries: Egypt, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, and Qatar, and amongst the Arab diaspora (with the Australian Arabs as a focus group). The data was analysed against a media model that was developed specifically for that purpose. The findings support the research hypothesis that Aljazeera is a catalyst of democratisation and socio-political change.

An important problem for economists and policy-makers concerning the cable industry is whether the cable industry faces widespread direct competition. Only one roughly comparable, nation-wide competitor exists, Direct Broadcast Satellite ("DBS"), and there are some indications that DBS does not constrain cable prices. The model presented in this paper indicates that DBS and cable compete imperfectly in terms of monthly prices, if at all, but compete more directly in terms of the premium-level services they offer. Other factors may indicate whether a community is open to advanced services like DBS, such as whether the cable operators offers high-speed Internet access.
Master of Arts

This thesis provides an extended analysis and review of the television policies of the UK Conservative administrations of Margaret Thatcher and John Major from 1979 to 1997 and examines the causes, coherence and consequences of those policies. In particular, it identifies the potential forces for change in UK television policy from the late seventies: notably, international changes in the economic, social and cultural, and technological environment of the industry; and the political changes in the UK introduced by the new Conservative administrations, generally known as `Thatcherism'. The thesis analyses the specific strengths of the UK television system established by the 1970s, and reviews the criticisms made of that system in the years before 1979. It then assesses the major developments in television policy instituted by the Thatcher and Major administrations: the establishment of Channel 4; their policies on the new technologies of satellite and broadband cable; the impact of the Committee chaired by Alan Peacock on the Financing of the BBC; the reform of ITV; their policies for the renewal of the BBC charter in the 1990s; and their policies on digitalisation and multimedia. Particular attention is paid to the changes that these policies produced in the UK television industry, and the lack of overall coherence of the policies. The thesis argues that the changes were significant but that they were only partial, and that, while pursuing a general goal of marketisation, the policies were incoherent in many of their specifics. This incoherence stemmed partly from resistance by established institutions within the industry, and partly from internal contradictions within the Tories' overall free-market project. The thesis concludes with an examination of the light that Tory television policy during this period sheds on the wider political debate on `Thatcherism' and the international context of UK television policy during the same period.

Within the context of debates surrounding the consumption of global media by local audiences in Third World countries, this study explores the reasons behind satellite television subscription, and consumption of international news among a sample of young professional men and women in contemporary Zimbabwe. The study seeks to uncover how the research participants respond to news broadcast on SABC Africa's '60 minutes live in Africa', a programme which they can only access via satellite television in their country. Working within the frame of audience studies which insists on understanding media consumption and reception in context, this study examines how the respondents, situated within the specific Zimbabwe context, characterised as it is by serious social, economic and political challenges, respond to both regional news and news about their country on '60 minutes live in Africa'. Within the frame of qualitative research the study employs a two-stage sampling procedure and data collection strategy to uncover the factors that underpin international media consumption and reception by professional men and women situated in a country undergoing rapid change. The findings of the study point to the various social and individual factors that underlie media consumption choices as well as to the different socially patterned reasons why local audiences are either attracted to, or reject global media. The study found that SABC Africa's '60 minutes live in Africa' is more popular and better received than Western-broadcast programmes on channels such as BBC, CNN, and Sky News among Zimbabwean professionals. I also uncovered some evidence that cultural proximity and relevance are of supreme importance in determining which media audiences chose to consume and what level of engagement they bring to their reception of global media. These and other findings directly confront media models that privilege beliefs in cultural imperialism and the dominance of Western media and their effects on Third World audiences.

The Qatari-funded channel, Al-Jazeera Arabic (AJA) has been subject to criticism as being in favour of the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) in Egypt. The approach taken by AJA Satellite Television to represent the MB, the Mubarak regime and other political actors in Egypt, during its coverage of four key electoral moments - before and after the 2011‘revolution’- is reviewed in this research. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is applied to study the constructive effects of AJA’s language in an interpretive way (Parker & Burman, 1993). The effect of the language used by two predominant AJA TV programmes, Without Borders بلا حدود and Opposite Direction الاتجاه المعاكس has been investigated and a number of current and former AJA journalists have been interviewed. Van Dijk’s Ideological Square and Pier Robinson’s Framing Model, in conjunction with Chouliaraki’s Three Rhetorical Strategies (Verbal Mode, Agency and Time Space) have been used as analysis tools to study the process of AJA’s representation of different political ideologies: the MB’s Islamic ideology and the Mubarak regime’s secular ideology. Van Dijk’s Ideological Square helps to identify the boundaries between ‘us’ (the good) and ‘them’ (the bad), and to classify people according to their support of specific ideology against another - the ‘in-group’ or the ‘outgroup’. AJA positively framed the Islamic MB movement on the basis that the group and its members were democratic, Islamic and victims, whereas it negatively framed the Mubarak regime and the Military Council in Egypt as repressive, secular and villains. The assigned role of different actors (including; the Egyptian people and opposition parties) in AJA TV programmes changed from one electoral moment to another. While the Mubarak regime, its supporters and the Military Council were represented as the ‘out-group’ at all times, the role allocated to the Egyptian people and the opposition shifted between the ‘in-group’ and the ‘out-group’, depending on the political mood they held towards the MB.

This thesis focuses on the development of the Direct Broadcasting Satellite in Japan under its Kodo Johoka Shakai (Highly Advanced Information Society) policy. The field of new media policies is relatively new but very important in communications studies. The development of new media technologies changes into existing media systems, and profoundly influences economies which are increasingly dependent upon information services.
Japan's case is particularly interesting. Relatively little is known about its DBS policy compared to other industrialized countries, even though Japan has already begun to operate DBS under its own version of the "information society", the Kodo Johoka Shakai (Highly Advanced Information Society). The formulation of DBS policy is related to many factors, including space development, research and development, broadcasting, international telecommunications regulations and economic competition both in international and domestic markets. In order to take these factors into consideration, an historical approach and institutional analysis are used in this thesis.

The value of globalisation is currently the subject of dispute. Some scholars and societies consider it in negative as well as in positive terms. Developing societies such as that in Libya were struggling to accommodate modernity before they experienced the full force of globalization, which, when it arrived, came rapidly. It is only logical to ask what happens to such developing societies when they feel the influence of globalisation. Many scholars have held up culture as one of the most important factors in the fornlation of national identity and nationalism. The thesis examines the impact of globalisation on culture, specifically the impact of globalization encountered in Libya via satellite television. Concerning culture, examination of the current situation in Libya requires consideration of the role of culture in Libyan national identity and the impact of regional Arab and Islamic cultures, including the effect of globalization on these cultural influences. The relationship between the Arab nation, the Islamic Ummah, and Libya must also be considered, given that the Arab region is more open than Libya to the effects of globalization, economically, politically and technologically. The researcher examines satellite television, one of the most important tools of globalisation, and its impact on Libyan identity. Libya was under economic and political sanctions between 1991-2003, hence satellite media represented the only way through which Libyans encountered globalisation prior to the lifting of sanctions. Satellite media started to become important from 1991, with CNN's live broadcasts of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait; people in the Arab world wishing to hear the news switched to satellite dishes and watched events unfolding on satellite television. Regional powers were keen to control this new technology and in a few years the number of regional annels exceeded a hundred. Hence this research extended to the role and influence of such regional powers over the only manifestation of globalisation that exists in Libya. To obtain data for the study, a questionnaire-based research was conducted at Garyounis University in eastern Libya, using a sample of three hundred third-year students from thee departments of finance, political science, and media and telecomumnication. The findings from this research were generally supportive of the hypothesis that younger generation Libyan are affected by media contents produced by satellite channels. The important finding from both this research and from general study of-work published on this topic was the substantial degree of influence exerted by regional Arab forces over the global tool of satellite television and how the medium is made use of effectively to shift the audience's allegiances and loyalties.

This thesis is about the construction and reconstruction of the national identities in Bangladesh, from the Pakistan era to the birth of Bangladesh, to present time. In the light of this political framework, I am looking at the ways in which the state, through the control of the medium of television sought to shift a more syncretic and secular nationalism to a more Islamicist one called Bangladeshi nationalism. I am also looking at Satellite television and the way in which this ruptures the national identities. The study employs the qualitative method to offer an elaborate description of the problem of this national identity by exploring the role of TV officials as cultural artists and the political brokers, as well as the state, in utilising the medium of television for inculcating the certain kinds of identities. The responses of the various professional groups as the middle class viewers of the state television and satellite television in this context has been examined, regarding the question of national identity. The qualitative method has been employed in this work to obtain an in-depth analysis of the problem of nationalism and its association with the history, culture and religion of the middle class in Bangladesh. Through such a procedure this work contributes in demonstrating the fragmentation, multiplicity and plurality of the national identities of the middle class of Dhaka City who find the narrative of the history of the Liberation War and cultural heritage in anomalous ways in various televised programmes under the different political constituencies of Bangladesh.

The future of global telecommunications looks even more promising with the advent of Free Space Optics (FSO) to complement Fibre Optics technology. With the main impairments to Free Space Optics known to be diffraction and atmospheric turbulence, it is critical to adequately characterise the atmospheric medium for effective FSO system design. Most laser sources can be designed to produce Gaussian-like beam profiles, which suffer from diffraction issues. To address this, a non-diffracting beam called the Bessel beam is introduced; its central core has been proven to be resistant to diffractive spreading whilst propagating. However, both Gaussian and Bessel beams will experience distortion when propagating through atmospheric turbulence. The strength of atmospheric turbulence Cn2 is considered constant for ground-to-ground (terrestrial) applications, but proven variable and gradually-weakening for ground-to-space (satellite) applications. In this research, we investigate the propagation of the two beams both in the ground-to-ground scenario and in the ground-to-space scenario. For the ground-to-space scenario, we define a maximum height of 22 km above which the effect of atmospheric turbulence is considered negligible. We also investigate the propagation of the beams from the ground, beyond the 22 km limit, into deep space. We analyse and compare the performance of the beams for all the scenarios based on predefined performance measures. The Bessel beam offers enhanced performance and is shown to outperform the Gaussian on a number of the performance measures.

Direct satellite broadcasting is considered to be a very important stage in mass media development. It is a way of sending television programmes from the earth to orbiting satellites, which then directly transfer these programmes by their converters to small dishes fixed to the roofs and outside walls of domestic buildings. Television sets inside the buildings are linked to these dishes and their owners can, thus, watch an almost unlimited number of programmes from all over the world. The only apparatus needed to do this is a receiver, a satellite dish and a television set. Libya's location in North Africa, and its proximity to southern Europe, makes it easy for Libyan audiences to receive satellite channels from many satellites in orbit. A visitor to any Libyan city, town, or village would notice the various types of satellite dishes, of different sizes and shapes, dominating the skyline above private and public buildings. The satellite channels started to spread in Libya at the beginning of the 1990s, increasing after the prices of the apparatus fell, especially after 1997. The introduction and spread of satellite broadcasting in Libya have, as a result, changed local television viewing habits. This study seeks to examine the response of Libyan audiences to direct satellite broadcasting. The effect the viewing of satellite channels has had on the viewing of local television channels is examined in this thesis. In addition, the effects of the spread of satellite channels on the Libyan television services are also considered. At the outset of this research, the researcher posed a number of questions to which he hoped to find answers. In order to address these questions, he adopted a survey study method incorporating a structured questionnaire and a series of interviews, to provide information about viewers' opinions on satellite television. The interviews were conducted with Libyan experts and specialists in the field of mass media. The respondents to the Questionnaire were 256 media students and 256 members of the general viewing public. The field study was conducted in Tripoli during the months of March, April, May and June, 2000. Some of the interviews with the media experts and specialists were conducted at the same time. The Questionnaire consisted of 36 questions designed to elicit information about satellite-channel viewing habits and other related points. The SPSS method was used to analyse the data. The results revealed the most popular days for viewing and the most popular viewing times of the sample groups; the most frequently watched programmes and the reasons for watching television in general. The satellite-channel viewing habit is widespread among Libyan audiences, which the results of this study have confirmed, with more than three-quarters of the sample groups possessing satellite dishes. The ten most frequently watched satellite channels are MBC, Aljazeera, Egyptian Channel, Dubai, Lebanese Future, Abu Dhabi, LBC, ART Channels, Nile Channel, and ANN.

This study explores political parallelism in the context of diaspora-based transnational media through the experience of the Ethiopian Satellite Television and Radio (ESAT). The station is conceived as a party media outlet and transformed into a diaspora-based, non-profit and mainly diaspora funded institution. It has been operating from its three studios in Amsterdam, London and Washington, D.C., until recently. ESAT has emerged as one of the most influential media outlets in the political landscape of Ethiopia in the last ten years. The research, through qualitative and in-depth case study interviews, examines the underlying ideological, political and organizational affiliations that defined ESAT’s position in the media landscape. The study concluded that political parallelism, as an indicator of the dynamics between media and politics, can be used in the diaspora-based transnational media context. However, the study also validated critics on the inapplicability of the two preconditions of political parallelism, namely the existence of competitive system and patterns. The analysis confirms a high level of political parallelism in ESAT in all the five indicators selected for the study. The indicators considered are Ownership, Organizational connections, Party or ideological loyalty, Media personnel’s political involvement, and Journalists’ role orientation. Each of them demonstrated a level of parallelism in ideological orientations or party connection with Ginbot 7 Movement for Democracy and Justice. The study concluded that the salient features of political parallelism should further be studied in the context of the transnational media space of diaspora-based media.

This study analyses how media initiatives have sought to improve the coverage on private pan-Arab television channels, of poverty, illiteracy, and violence against disadvantaged Arab women. This was achieved by studying how women‘s status has been critiqued on MBC1, an entertainment channel, and on Al Arabiya, a news channel. Programmes on MBC1 that related to poverty, illiteracy and violence were examined through the eyes of young disadvantaged women in a Saudi Arabian village. How Al Arabiya and MBC1 applied media initiatives in their programming to improve women‘s status was also examined through interviews with key players in Queen Rania‘s Media Office and in the Middle East Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) Group. A textual analysis of programmes on MBC1 and Al Arabiya was also undertaken. The study not only contributed to knowledge by covering areas not generally explored in existing research, such as development related programmes about women‘s status on privately-owned pan-Arab satellite television, but it also explores the tug of war between two opposing powers in Saudi society: the reformists and the conservatives. The study used different methods, including ethnographic research, focus groups, and interviews with disadvantaged Saudi women, interviews with key players and decision makers involved in media output and, finally, a textual analysis of programmes dealing with the issues of poverty, illiteracy and violence. It discovers that the ontradictory forces in Saudi society are reflected in the way women‘s status and female empowerment are handled in television programmes. This study underlines the dominant ideology that forms the essence of initiatives aimed at developing women‘s status through media, especially those launched by 'first ladies‘, and the policies made by MBC Group officials in broadcasting development programmes for women. This dominant ideology was also examined in the light of the preconceptions and responses of disadvantaged women.

Using the specific case of Rupert Murdoch's satellite operations, this thesis examines changes and trends in U.S. and Chinese satellite media policies under the diffusion of neoliberal globalization. Over the last two decades, the landscape of the global media market has been transformed by the force of transnational media conglomerates coupled with unprecedented technological innovation, including satellite telecommunications. Murdoch's satellite operations in the U.S. and China were synchronous with this process and therefore illustrate the trajectories of these two countries' media policies under different ideologies. This historical case study, which covers 1983 to the end of 2006 in the U.S. and 1993 to June 2008 in China, demonstrates that, in order to strengthen political power and capital power, both the U.S. and Chinese media industries are going forward to corporatism in two different ways.

Le phénomène des télévisions satellitaires a fait son apparition dans le monde arabe en 1990-1991. Date de l’instauration du Nouvel Ordre Mondial. Une progression foisonnante s’est produite, par la suite, profitant d’un espace géolinguistique étendu, d’une ouverture sans précédent et d’un financement généreux. Sont-elles l’expression d’un changement ou bien celle d’une adaptation ? Et au service de qui ? L’étude des chaines d’information en continu Al Jazeera, Al Arabiya ou « flexibles », Abou Dhabi et Al Manar est particulièrement intéressante pour répondre à cette question. Comprendre le fond de ce phénomène, les intérêts qu’il représente, qu’il sert, et les limites du changement qu’il est capable de produire, exige de dresser un état des lieux panoramique, une étude de la géopolitique qui a donné lieu à la naissance de ces télévisions, et qui a dicté les évolutions qu’elles ont subit. L’analyse du contenu et du discours vient repérer les expressions d’une culture démocratique, ou anti démocratique, dont dépend la nature du changement
Since 1990-1991, the number of satellite channels and viewers has grown exponentially in the Arab world, taking advantage of a geolinguistic space that afforded unprecedented degree of openness in a field previously dominated by t ightly-controlled state-owned television stations. The date also coincides with the inception of the New World Order, the waging of the first Gulf War which established a new regional order, and the stirrings of the society of communication. This study of news channels (Al Jazeera, Al Arabiya) and “flexible” channels such as (Abu Dhabi and Al Manar), aims to examine whether they are an expression of change or adaption and whether they serve to perpetuate the status quo of the powers that fund them

xi, 295 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
The Satellite-Cable Public Affairs Network (C-SPAN) is the only television outlet in the U.S. providing Congressional coverage. Scholars have studied the network's public affairs content and unedited "gavel-to-gavel" style of production that distinguish it from other television channels. However, the network's ownership structure and funding, which are also unique, have not been systematically analyzed. This study fills a gap in C-SPAN scholarship by providing a structural analysis of the network. C-SPAN was founded and is sponsored by the U.S. cable industry. The industry insists its support for the network is based on public service. However, this study reveals that C-SPAN affords the cable industry a number of substantial political economic benefits: a political lever in Washington and with local franchise authorities, a risk-free testing ground for new products and services, and assistance in selling subscriptions for other fee-based services. This study argues that these material benefits are the motivation for the cable industry's support, not public service. It also is argued that C-SPAN can only be comprehensively understood through its relationship to the capitalist political economy of the U.S. To contextualize this relationship, the study provides a history of Congressional television, the cable industry, and satellite technology. These circumstances reveal that the network was less an act of individual cable executives' selfless altruism than a product of political pressures, economic realities, and technological breakthroughs. The study also discusses the implications of a private public affairs network. C-SPAN is a perfect case study of what has been labeled "neoliberalism," or the form of global capitalism based on privatizing social services and regulating industry using rules favorable to the needs of capital, not civil, society. At a social level, the network enables the accumulation of wealth for a select few, enabling these private interests to gain social power. The study concludes that C-SPAN may serve the public, but it is not a public service.
Committee in charge: Janet Wasko, Chairperson, Journalism and Communication; Carl Bybee, Member, Journalism and Communication; Gabriela Martinez, Member, Journalism and Communication; John Foster, Outside Member, Sociology

Using period newspapers and books, mercantile correspondence, Spanish imperial archives, and the colonial records of the Caracas City Council, Consulado, and Venezuelan Intendancy, this dissertation highlights the enterprises of those who profited from sustaining the Spanish Empire in its frail and debilitated state. Whether they had prospered from or merely survived the commercial revolutions that shook the Atlantic World after 1789, all merchants and traders calculated the economic consequences of South American independence and encouraged their contemporaries to do so too.

This thesis examines the role of the Arab satellite as a new means of technology, in the exchange of TV production in the Arab region. The study points out the situation of the Arab TV production and examines its problems. Arab TV production had been facing a lack of quantity and quality which led to a high average of importation in order to fulfill the needs of the national Arab TV programmings importation is based on western programs mainly American including serials, detectives, long feature films, documentaries, cartoons, etc. However, even with the importation, Arab countries face, on the international production market, many problems related to the type and the cost of the programs, imposed by the American and the big production companies. The study includes a TV survey on the Algerian TV programming taken as an example of the TV programming structure in the region, and where the high average of importation is pointed out. The study examines the TV exchange traffic in the region between the three regional areas: Maghreb, Mashrek and the Gulf, and within each one, before and after the launch of the Arab satellite. The TV exchange which had been limited for years, was expected to flourish after the launch of the satellite with its big capacities in solving some of the major communication problems in the area like the lack of TV exchange. However, political problems such as conflicts, different political view, systems etc, which are strong in the region, stand as obstacles for the satellite, preventing it from fulfilling its role properly. The life time of the Arab satellite cannot be saved and its capacities cannot be fully used unless the Arab governments become really and deeply aware of the effects of the political problems and differences on the relations between them in general and on the situation of TV exchange in the region in particular.

Cette etude a pour objet d'etudier les erreurs residuelles dans une diffusion numerique par satellite de programmes de television. Elle concerne la modelisation, les strategies de masquage et l'influence sur la qualite subjective des images et du son de ces erreurs. Nous avons d'abord etudie et simule un systeme complet de transmission simplifie de bout en bout afin de modeliser les erreurs residuelles. Puis nous avons calcule et implante ces modeles pratiques dans un generateur d'injection d'erreurs logiciel simulant la diffusion. Nous nous sommes ensuite interesse aux strategies de masquage que nous avons implante dans un decodeur video. La premiere solution est utilisee par les constructeurs de codeurs mpeg-2: elle utilise un lien entre la couche systeme et le decodeur. En cas d'erreur, elle avertit le decodeur de sauter le paquet de transport errone et de se resynchroniser sur un code de debut. Dans une deuxieme solution plus originale, le decodeur analyse le train binaire quel que soit son etat et utilise des tests internes pour detecter les erreurs et se resynchroniser. Nous avons ensuite mis en place une salle de tests subjectifs. Nous avons etudie les differents protocoles de test normalises et choisi la methode a double stimulus a echelle a cinq notes de qualite. Nous avons effectue de nombreux tests afin d'estimer la precision des resultats obtenus. Nous avons finalement teste les deux decodeurs video ainsi qu'un decodeur audio mpeg couche ii. Nous avons ainsi pu determiner le seuil de perception aux erreurs et la limite de fonctionnement du decodeur complet

Cette thèse présente une étude de faisabilité d'un récepteur faible coût et faible consommation pour l'extension du standard DVS-S à la mobilité. L'objectif de ce projet est de proposer de solutions pour lever les verrous technologiques quant à la réalisation d'un tel système en technologie CMOS 65 nm. Ce manuscrit de thèse articulé autour de quatre chapitres décrit toutes les étapes depuis la définition des spécifications du réseau d'antennes et de la chaîne de réception jusqu'à la présentation de leurs performances, en passant par l'étude de leurs architectures et de la conception des différents blocs. Suite à l'étude au niveau système et au bilan de liaison, le démonstrateur envisagé est constitué d'un réseau d'antennes (huit sous-réseaux de huit antennes microruban) suivi de la mise en parallèle de huit chemins unitaires pour satisfaire les exigences (Gain, facteur de bruit, rapport signal-à-bruit...) de l'application visée. Ce travail a abouti à la démonstration de la faisabilité d'une architecture innovante. Par ailleurs, nous avons aussi démontré sa non-application pour le standard DVB-S en raison des limitations en bruit de la technologie CMOS. Cependant des pistes existent pour améliorer le rapport signal-à-bruit du démonstrateur, à savoir l'utilisation d'un LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) avec une technologie compétitive en bruit et/ou d'un traitement du signal après la démodulation en bande par un processeur analogique
This work focuses on the faisability of a low cost and low power receiver in order to extend the DVB-S standard to mobility. The objective of this project is to suggest solutions to overcome technological bottlenecks fot the realization of such a demonstrator with 65 nm CMOS technology. This report composed of four chapters, describes all steps from the specification definition to the performances of the antenna array and the receiver through the architecture study and the different blocks design. [...]

This thesis is about how space technology is experienced in the social domain and how its purpose is recast from different viewpoints. The author is an artist and the approach taken foregrounds qualities of experience and viewpoint in which artists have a particular investment. This approach opens up the ways that affect, agency and authorship cross social domains that are directly and indirectly associated with the production of space technologies. A key focus is a group project led by the author that was initiated in response to the launch in October 2008 of the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The project took place in Bengaluru, India where the spacecraft was built. Taking the ambivalence that surrounds the uses and purposes of space technologies as a starting point, a description of the spacecraft is developed from a number of viewpoints, including the mission scientists, public media and the participants of the artist-led project. The interventionist strategies of the project shed light on the ways that technologies can be accessed through their imaginaries and this has significance for large-scale technologies, such as spacecraft, for which physical access is delimited and much of the infrastructure is invisible or hidden from public view. The thesis proposes ways of reinstating missed qualities of viewpoint and experience within the affective spaces of space technology through the imperative to articulate first-person engagements with the world that is bound into artistic interpretation. What is further proposed is that by picturing the interrelations and flows of space technology in social domains through the lenses of experience and viewpoint, a 'technographic picture' is created that then becomes available as a tool with which to re-imagine spacefaring. This is a crucial addition to discussions about the interplay between science, technology and society that recognises the intimate spaces at the core of such large-scale concepts. It offers a new transdisciplinary modality that incorporates an artistic approach with which to make sense of the structurally ambivalent pursuits of spacefaring.

In satellite applications, a circularly polarized satellite antenna is desirable with a pattern that results in constant received power while the distance between the transmitter and the receiver is changing. The Circular Disk - Annular Ring (CDAR) antenna satisfies these requirements along with other requirements for the satellite antenna. The CDAR antenna is a combination of a Circular Disk and an Annular Ring patch antennas. In this thesis, a circularly polarized CDAR antenna that is fed from a single point is designed at the center frequency of 8.2 GHz. This antenna is investigated and optimized to ease the fabrication process. The design parameters are defined on this report and optimized by using an Electromagnetic Simulation software program. In order to verify the theoretical results, Circular Disk - Annular Ring Antenna is produced as a prototype. Measurements of antenna parameters, electromagnetic field and circuit properties are interpreted to show compliance with theoretical and simulation results. The values of deviation between theoretical and experimental results are also discussed.

[EN] The first generation of Terrestrial Digital Television(DTV) has been in service for over a decade. In 2013, several countries have already completed the transition from Analog to Digital TV Broadcasting, most of which in Europe. In South America, after several studies and trials, Brazil adopted the Japanese standard with some innovations. Japan and Brazil started Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) services in December 2003 and December 2007 respectively, using Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting - Terrestrial (ISDB-T), also known as ARIB STD-B31. In June 2005 the Committee for the Information Technology Area (CATI) of Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology and Innovation MCTI approved the incorporation of the IC-Brazil Program, in the National Program for Microelectronics (PNM) . The main goals of IC-Brazil are the formal qualification of IC designers, support to the creation of semiconductors companies focused on projects of ICs within Brazil, and the attraction of semiconductors companies focused on the design and development of ICs in Brazil. The work presented in this thesis originated from the unique momentum created by the combination of the birth of Digital Television in Brazil and the creation of the IC-Brazil Program by the Brazilian government. Without this combination it would not have been possible to make these kind of projects in Brazil. These projects have been a long and costly journey, albeit scientifically and technologically worthy, towards a Brazilian DTV state-of-the-art low complexity Integrated Circuit, with good economy scale perspectives, due to the fact that at the beginning of this project ISDB-T standard was not adopted by several countries like DVB-T. During the development of the ISDB-T receiver proposed in this thesis, it was realized that due to the continental dimensions of Brazil, the DTTB would not be enough to cover the entire country with open DTV signal, specially for the case of remote localizations far from the high urban density regions. Then, Eldorado Research Institute and Idea! Electronic Systems, foresaw that, in a near future, there would be an open distribution system for high definition DTV over satellite, in Brazil. Based on that, it was decided by Eldorado Research Institute, that would be necessary to create a new ASIC for broadcast satellite reception. At that time DVB-S2 standard was the strongest candidate for that, and this assumption still stands nowadays. Therefore, it was decided to apply to a new round of resources funding from the MCTI - that was granted - in order to start the new project. This thesis discusses in details the Architecture and Algorithms proposed for the implementation of a low complexity Intermediate Frequency(IF) ISDB-T Receiver on Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) CMOS. The Architecture proposed here is highly based on the COordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) Algorithm, that is a simple and efficient algorithm suitable for VLSI implementations. The receiver copes with the impairments inherent to wireless channels transmission and the receiver crystals. The thesis also discusses the Methodology adopted and presents the implementation results. The receiver performance is presented and compared to those obtained by means of simulations. Furthermore, the thesis also presents the Architecture and Algorithms for a DVB-S2 receiver targeting its ASIC implementation. However, unlike the ISDB-T receiver, only preliminary ASIC implementation results are introduced. This was mainly done in order to have an early estimation of die area to prove that the project in ASIC is economically viable, as well as to verify possible bugs in early stage. As in the case of ISDB-T receiver, this receiver is highly based on CORDIC algorithm and it was prototyped in FPGA. The Methodology used for the second receiver is derived from that used for the ISDB-T receiver, with minor additions given the project characteristics.
[ES] La primera generación de Televisión Digital Terrestre(DTV) ha estado en servicio por más de una década. En 2013, varios países completaron la transición de transmisión analógica a televisión digital, la mayoría de ellas en Europa. En América del Sur, después de varios estudios y ensayos, Brasil adoptó el estándar japonés con algunas innovaciones. Japón y Brasil comenzaron a prestar el servicio de Difusión de Televisión Digital Terrestre (DTTB) en diciembre de 2003 y diciembre de 2007 respectivamente, utilizando Radiodifusión Digital de Servicios Integrados Terrestres (ISDB-T), también conocida como ARIB STD-B31. En junio de 2005, el Comité del Área de Tecnología de la Información (CATI) del Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Brasil - MCTI aprobó la incorporación del Programa CI-Brasil, en el Programa Nacional de Microelectrónica (PNM). Los principales objetivos de la CI-Brasil son la formación de diseñadores de CIs, apoyar la creación de empresas de semiconductores enfocadas en proyectos de circuitos integrados dentro de Brasil, y la atracción de empresas de semiconductores interesadas en el diseño y desarrollo de circuitos integrados. El trabajo presentado en esta tesis se originó en el impulso único creado por la combinación del nacimiento de la televisión digital en Brasil y la creación del Programa de CI-Brasil por el gobierno brasileño. Sin esta combinación no hubiera sido posible realizar este tipo de proyectos en Brasil. Estos proyectos han sido un trayecto largo y costoso, aunque meritorio desde el punto de vista científico y tecnológico, hacia un Circuito Integrado brasileño de punta y de baja complejidad para DTV, con buenas perspectivas de economía de escala debido al hecho que al inicio de este proyecto, el estándar ISDB-T no fue adoptado por varios países como DVB-T. Durante el desarrollo del receptor ISDB-T propuesto en esta tesis, se observó que debido a las dimensiones continentales de Brasil, la DTTB no sería suficiente para cubrir todo el país con la señal de televisión digital abierta, especialmente para el caso de localizaciones remotas, apartadas de las regiones de alta densidad urbana. En ese momento, el Instituto de Investigación Eldorado e Idea! Sistemas Electrónicos, previeron que en un futuro cercano habría un sistema de distribución abierto para DTV de alta definición por satélite en Brasil. Con base en eso, el Instituto de Investigación Eldorado decidió que sería necesario crear un nuevo ASIC para la recepción de radiodifusión por satélite, basada el estándar DVB-S2. En esta tesis se analiza en detalle la Arquitectura y algoritmos propuestos para la implementación de un receptor ISDB-T de baja complejidad y frecuencia intermedia (IF) en un Circuito Integrado de Aplicación Específica (ASIC) CMOS. La arquitectura aquí propuesta se basa fuertemente en el algoritmo Computadora Digital para Rotación de Coordenadas (CORDIC), el cual es un algoritmo simple, eficiente y adecuado para implementaciones VLSI. El receptor hace frente a las deficiencias inherentes a las transmisiones por canales inalámbricos y los cristales del receptor. La tesis también analiza la metodología adoptada y presenta los resultados de la implementación. Por otro lado, la tesis también presenta la arquitectura y los algoritmos para un receptor DVB-S2 dirigido a la implementación en ASIC. Sin embargo, a diferencia del receptor ISDB-T, se introducen sólo los resultados preliminares de implementación en ASIC. Esto se hizo principalmente con el fin de tener una estimación temprana del área del die para demostrar que el proyecto en ASIC es económicamente viable, así como para verificar posibles errores en etapa temprana. Como en el caso de receptor ISDB-T, este receptor se basa fuertemente en el algoritmo CORDIC y fue un prototipado en FPGA. La metodología utilizada para el segundo receptor se deriva de la utilizada para el re
[CAT] La primera generació de Televisió Digital Terrestre (TDT) ha estat en servici durant més d'una dècada. En 2013, diversos països ja van completar la transició de la radiodifusió de televisió analògica a la digital, i la majoria van ser a Europa. A Amèrica del Sud, després de diversos estudis i assajos, Brasil va adoptar l'estàndard japonés amb algunes innovacions. Japó i Brasil van començar els servicis de Radiodifusió de Televisió Terrestre Digital (DTTB) al desembre de 2003 i al desembre de 2007, respectivament, utilitzant la Radiodifusió Digital amb Servicis Integrats de (ISDB-T), coneguda com a ARIB STD-B31. Al juny de 2005, el Comité de l'Àrea de Tecnologia de la Informació (CATI) del Ministeri de Ciència i Tecnologia i Innovació del Brasil (MCTI) va aprovar la incorporació del programa CI Brasil al Programa Nacional de Microelectrònica (PNM). Els principals objectius de CI Brasil són la qualificació formal dels dissenyadors de circuits integrats, el suport a la creació d'empreses de semiconductors centrades en projectes de circuits integrats dins del Brasil i l'atracció d'empreses de semiconductors centrades en el disseny i desenvolupament de circuits integrats. El treball presentat en esta tesi es va originar en l'impuls únic creat per la combinació del naixement de la televisió digital al Brasil i la creació del programa Brasil CI pel govern brasiler. Sense esta combinació no hauria estat possible realitzar este tipus de projectes a Brasil. Estos projectes han suposat un viatge llarg i costós, tot i que digne científicament i tecnològica, cap a un circuit integrat punter de baixa complexitat per a la TDT brasilera, amb bones perspectives d'economia d'escala perquè a l'inici d'este projecte l'estàndard ISDB-T no va ser adoptat per diversos països, com el DVB-T. Durant el desenvolupament del receptor de ISDB-T proposat en esta tesi, va resultar que, a causa de les dimensions continentals de Brasil, la DTTB no seria suficient per cobrir tot el país amb el senyal de TDT oberta, especialment pel que fa a les localitzacions remotes allunyades de les regions d'alta densitat urbana.. En este moment, l'Institut de Recerca Eldorado i Idea! Sistemes Electrònics van preveure que, en un futur pròxim, no hi hauria a Brasil un sistema de distribució oberta de TDT d'alta definició a través de satèl¿lit. D'acord amb això, l'Institut de Recerca Eldorado va decidir que seria necessari crear un nou ASIC per a la recepció de radiodifusió per satèl¿lit. basat en l'estàndard DVB-S2. En esta tesi s'analitza en detall l'arquitectura i els algorismes proposats per l'execució d'un receptor ISDB-T de Freqüència Intermèdia (FI) de baixa complexitat sobre CMOS de Circuit Integrat d'Aplicacions Específiques (ASIC). L'arquitectura ací proposada es basa molt en l'algorisme de l'Ordinador Digital de Rotació de Coordenades (CORDIC), que és un algorisme simple i eficient adequat per implementacions VLSI. El receptor fa front a les deficiències inherents a la transmissió de canals sense fil i els cristalls del receptor. Esta tesi també analitza la metodologia adoptada i presenta els resultats de l'execució. Es presenta el rendiment del receptor i es compara amb els obtinguts per mitjà de simulacions. D'altra banda, esta tesi també presenta l'arquitectura i els algorismes d'un receptor de DVB-S2 de cara a la seua implementació en ASIC. No obstant això, a diferència del receptor ISDB-T, només s'introdueixen resultats preliminars d'implementació en ASIC. Això es va fer principalment amb la finalitat de tenir una estimació primerenca de la zona de dau per demostrar que el projecte en ASIC és econòmicament viable, així com per verificar possibles errors en l'etapa primerenca. Com en el cas del receptor ISDB-T, este receptor es basa molt en l'algorisme CORDIC i va ser un prototip de FPGA. La metodologia utilitzada per al segon receptor es deriva de la utilitzada per al receptor I
Rodrigues De Lima, E. (2016). Architecture and algorithms for the implementation of digital wireless receivers in FPGA and ASIC: ISDB-T and DVB-S2 cases [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61967
TESIS

Encore divisee par des normes de television differentes, l'europe met en place une place une nouvelle norme, superieure aux actuelles, tandis que les japonais et les americains proposent leurs nouveaux systemes respectifs. L'enjeu de cette lutte est la domination mondiale de l'electronique, grand public par la norme definie et adoptee, et une avance technologique considerable dans des domaines sensibles, tels les composants numeriques, les semi-conducteurs ou les ecrans plats. Promoteur de cette television haute definition, le satellite de telediffusion directe permet le developpement progressif de la norme europeenne d2-mac paquets vers celle, definitive, baptisee mac-hd. Celle-ci, avec le satellite et les recepteurs numeriques, complete l'ensemble-transmission-reception dont la finalite est la tvhd, de qualite d'image et de son superieure, adaptee aux particularismes de l'europe
Still divided by different television norms, europe prepars a better new one, while u. S. A. And japan propose their new respective systems. The battlefield is the electronics industry and his applyings. The win is the domination of it and a getting ahead of the others in high-technology, like semi-conductors, nuleric components or plate screens. Promoter of the high definition television, the direct broadcasting satellite melps the progressive developpment of the european norm named d2-mac paquets to the definitive system, hd-mac. This one, with the satellite and the nuleric technology in television, matches the, production-broadcasting-production system, whose hdtv will emerge, with better sound and picture, adaptated to specific european peculiarities

Cette thèse étudie la configuration télévisuelle de l’identité arabe moderne à travers un des programmes phares de la chaine satellitaire libanaise LBC-Sat : la Star Academy Middle East. Elle interroge, d’un côté, les motivations et les contraintes institutionnelles et commerciales qui orientent le processus de création de sens à la télévision et se penche, de l’autre, sur le produit fini qui porte en lui les traces des tensions et des confrontations qui ont accompagné sa conception. Elle cherche à décoder la représentation de l’arabité proposée par la chaine libanaise dans un contexte régional instable, marqué par des bouleversements profonds. Les télévisions satellitaires panarabes, reflets des nouvelles technologies qui ont inondé le marché régional à une vitesse déconcertante à partir des années 1990, ont, en effet, entrainé une contraction de l’espace et du temps oriental ainsi qu’une abolition symbolique des frontières. Elles ont permis aux citoyens arabes, urbains comme ruraux, locaux comme de la diaspora, de s’informer, en temps réel, sur l’actualité arabe et mondiale et d’interagir avec des individus proches et lointains. Elles ont, de ce fait, facilité l’émergence d’un réseau d’échange horizontal et d’un espace public transnational qui a fait renaitre de ses cendres, mais sous une forme distincte, le rêve d’unité arabe. À travers leur discours dirigé vers la « rue arabe » et orienté par des considérations plus économiques que politiques, elles ont, d’une part, fragilisé les régimes autocratiques en place, en les dépossédant de leur monopole historique sur les médias, et de l’autre regroupé, à l’échelle internationale, un ensemble d’individus partageant les mêmes convictions, les mêmes attentes ou les mêmes centres d’intérêt. En accélérant l’autonomisation des opinions publiques par rapport aux idéologies officielles, elles ont obligé les régimes arabes à se repositionner vis-à-vis de ces producteurs de sens à l’influence grandissante. Leurs discours, qu’il soit inspiré d’une rhétorique islamique ou libérale s’élabore dans une sphère publique chargée de sens et de références et s’expose à des critiques qui témoignent de l’imbrication du politique, du religieux et du culturel dans le secteur médiatique arabe. La LBC-Sat, chaine satellitaire généraliste libanaise, née de l’association entre des entrepreneurs libanais et saoudiens, a intégré cette arène symbolique en 1996. Fille de la LBCI, la télévision la plus populaire du pays des Cèdres — celle qui représente, aux yeux des téléspectateurs arabes, l’essence de la culture libanaise — elle a très tôt affiché sa volonté de séduire l’audience régionale à travers une narration qui se démarque de celle de ses concurrentes. Constituée d’un mélange d’émissions à l’esthétique occidentale, au contenu audacieux, et au ton libéré et souvent frivole, sa programmation prend ses distances vis-à-vis des conservatismes régionaux et dénote une volonté de configurer une représentation différenciée de l’identité arabe, proche d’une conception singulière de l’identité libanaise, porteuse, selon les termes des idéologues du Liban moderne, d’une mission civilisatrice auprès des pays arabes et d’un pouvoir de conciliation entre les deux cultures occidentale et orientale. Les émissions de la LBC-Sat témoignent de son rôle autoproclamé de trait d’union entre ces deux mondes et participent à populariser cette vision auprès du public arabe. Son plus grand succès transnational, l’adaptation orientale de la télé-réalité d’Endemol Star Academy, montre, en effet, qu’il est possible d’imposer cette image dans l’imaginaire collectif régional à travers la construction d’un discours sur la jeunesse orientale, caractérisé par son d’hybridité et sa position à mi-chemin entre le global et le local
This thesis studies the representation of modern Arab identities through one of the most influential reality shows in the Arab World: Star Academy Middle East.It seeks to understand the strategic and ideological discourse over Arabism constructed by one of the leading Lebanese satellite channel in the MENA region: LBC-Sat.Through the study of both the professional and commercial context of emergence of this discourse, as well as a qualitative content analysis of the first four seasons of the show, it tries to understand its rationale as well as its impact in the Arab World.We believe that this narrative is unfolding in an arena of controversies where a multitude of positions regarding Arab identities are debated. Indeed, since the establishment of the first Arab satellite channels that led to a prosperous television industry, a pan Arab public sphere arose. TV shows became political fields in which opinions were exposed and theories regarding political and social issues were considered. The once monopolistic control over media contents of authoritarian regimes gave way to a more liberal environment, where citizens were given the chance to participate in the debates framing there lives. Today, Arab satellite channels act as a lightning rod for what is known as “New Arabism”, a sense of belonging to an imagined community that is no longer imposed by a higher power but developed by the base. With their liberal aesthetic and messages that oppose those of more conservative Arab televisions, Lebanese channels play a crucial role in redefining Arab identities. Their discourse, inspired by a cultural and ideological interpretation of Lebanon’s position in the Arab world, translates into a plea to rebuild bridges between the East and the West. As a symbolic object composed of hybrid forms and ideas, Star Academy Middle East echoes this position

Julien Piot.
Also issued as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1990.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-151).
Work supported in part by the Advanced Television Research Program, the Graff Inst. Company Fellowship, the Hasler Foundation, Switzerland, the Swiss National Fund for Research, and the Brown Bovery Corporation, Switzerland.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
國際貿易學系
84
This article is going to discuss the characteristic of sate- llite television, the relationship between channel and cable, the internationalization of channels. We defind that the satellite television is consisted with three parts. The upper operators are uplink companies, the middle operators are channels and the down operators are cable systems. There are not only competitive & complementary but also stable & changing relationship between channel operators and cable systems Because the footprint of satellite is big enough to cover several countries, the spillover situation is more serious pro- blem. Besides, the different standard for content of culture, program and language has caused many problems between countries. The are five attitudes that governments treat satellite channel operators: fewer limits, vitual supression, regulated openness, illegal openness, suppressive openness. There are five motives that force satellite channel operators to go to internationalization: market seeking, resource based, oligopolistic interaction, follow-the-clients. We can use owner- ship specific advantages, location specific advantages, interal- ization advantages to explain the conditions that satellite channel operators need. The satellite channel operators use co- production, programs export & import, foreign direct investment, joint venture and agency to enter new markets. Localization is the most important strategy for channel operators use in inter- national markets. We suggest channel operators to estabish well financial system and seeking for niche, so they can alive after investing so much money. We slao suggest channel operators use strategy alliance to enchance capability and they can seek Global Chinese Market as an international goal in the future.

碩士
南台科技大學
電子工程系
93
Digital television system has advantage of high definition and good tone quality. It provides personal interaction service for clients. According to the personal taste that making consumer not only can enjoy higher video and audio quality, but also choose the system services needed. There are three ways of digital television programs to transmission: 1. Cable TV system. 2. Terrestrial TV system. 3. Satellite TV system. The satellite technology is ripe and has economic benefit; the market scale is also great. Because of the direct broadcast satellite single cover the wide scope, it’ll not be influenced for the topography and surface building. Therefore, it’s more suitable for the hills terrain, high buildings and the large mansions of big city in Taiwan. And it can improve the difficult problem that cable TV builds up network in the remote mountain area or island topographical. The digital satellite television has long-term influence on digitize the TV program system. Digital satellite TV systems are mostly one to one not one to many at present. This paper subject” the Digital Satellite Television Management System, DSM.” The way of one to many to set up DSM server which can give service to 8~10 DSM clients. In the Intranet, it uses the Ethernet to be the main network. It is combining with the software and hardware that to help system proprietor and a group of client manage television system. It is in order to lower cost and form the intact adding value network service system.