Journal articles on the topic 'SAT Enforcement'
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Corno, Fulvio, and Faisal Razzak. "SAT based enforcement of domotic effects in smart environments." Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 5, no. 4 (April 23, 2013): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12652-013-0183-x.
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Darma Illahi, Insan Al Ha Za Zuna, Ira Alia Maerani, and Aryani Witasari. "PREVENTION AND ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS AGAINST CRIME EMBEZZLEMENT POLICE CAR RENTAL IN RESORT CITY OF SEMARANG (Case Study No. Bp / 87 / K / Bap / VII / 2018 / Reskrim on 6 June 2018)." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 2, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v2i4.8441.
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This study aims to identify and explain the efforts to control and enforcement of laws against the crime of embezzlement of car rental in City Police Large Semarang in Case Number: Bp / 87 / K / Bap / VII / 2018 / Reskrim on 6 June 2018, to provide educational material or contributing to the entrepreneur car rental and Police Large city Semarang in prevention and law enforcement against criminal acts of embezzlement of car rental in the city of Semarang, and to investigate and explain the constraints and find solutions in the response and enforcement of laws against the crime of embezzlement car rental Big City Police in Semarang.This study uses empirical juridical approach or legal research Sociological with embezzlement case study specification car in Semarang. Data were collected from documents and interviews with investigators Vice Unit I resum Sat Criminal Police Large City Semarang to then analyzed using qualitative analysis, then concluded.The results showed that law enforcement is often done by the City Police of the Semarang to the crime of embezzlement car rental, while the factors that are the cause has not done of law enforcement due to limits in the Book of the Law of Criminal Law and the crime on complaint, therefore efforts conducted by the City Police of the Semarang can be divided into three attempts pre-emptive, preventive and repressive, these efforts are sometimes subject to constraints such as the difficulty of giving meaning to the people, cars rented a car loan, easy to hand over vehicles to consumers.Keywords: prevention efforts by law enforcement, the crime of embezzlement.
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Senjaya, Murshal. "LAW ENFORCEMENT OF THE CRIME OF MONEY LAUNDERING THAT COMES FROM ONLINE GAMBLING." International Journal of Social Science 2, no. 3 (October 1, 2022): 1641–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v2i3.3626.
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Law enforcement by the police in the crime of money laundering originating from online gambling is associated withLaw Number 8 of 2010 concerning Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering is an online gambling law enforcement that has been carried out by the VC Sat Subunit. The Criminal Police Criminal Investigation Unit still uses the instrument of Article 303 of the Criminal Code rather than Article 27 paragraph (2) Jo. Article 45 of the ITE Law. The threat of imprisonment under Article 303 of the Criminal Code is 10 years, heavier than Article 27 (2) Jo. Article 45 of the ITE Law which is only 6 years old.Obstacles and law enforcement efforts by the police in the crime of money laundering originating from online gambling are associated withLaw Number 8 of 2010 concerning Prevention and Eradication of the Crime of Money Laundering isThe human resource factor in an effort to eradicate online gambling crime is one of the important factors. Lack of mastery and understanding of personnel in the information technology sector. The external inhibiting factor in eradicating online gambling crimes is the server factor placed in countries that legalize gambling, the factor of using a Virtual Private Network (VPN).
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Iskandar, Alpin, Hendri Darma Putra, and Happy Yulia Anggraeni. "Peran Dan Fungsi Sat Sabhara Polres Banjar dalam Pelaksanaan Patroli." JURNAL PEMULIAAN HUKUM 3, no. 2 (November 16, 2021): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30999/jph.v3i2.1438.
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This research is motivated by the increase in the crime rate in the Banjar Police jurisdiction in 2020, which was 27 (twenty seven) cases compared to the previous year which amounted to 14 (fourteen) cases. The data shows that the performance of the Banjar Police Sat Sabhara in carrying out patrol duties has experienced a decline. The method used in this study is a normative juridical approach, namely testing and reviewing secondary data. This research was conducted in two stages, namely library research and field research which is only supporting. The results of the study show that based on Article 55 paragraph (1) of the National Police Perkap No. 23 of 2010, Sat Sabhara has a position as an element of implementing the main tasks under the Chief of Police. As an implementing element for the main task, the Sat Sabhara has a role and function in terms of maintaining Kamtibmas through regulating, guarding, patrolling, escorting and community service activities and early-stage enforcement efforts. There are several obstacles faced by Sat Sabhara in carrying out patrol activities, namely the lack of good planning and the less than optimal implementation of patrols. The efforts that must be made are to evaluate planning and maximize patrol activities by increasing the number of human resources and adding facilities and infrastructure to support activities.Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya angka kriminalitas di wilayah hukum Polres Banjar pada tahun 2020 yaitu sebanyak 27 (dua puluh tujuh) kasus dibanding tahun sebelumnya yang berjumlah sebanyak 14 (empat belas) kasus. Data tersebut menunjukan kinerja Sat Sabhara Polres Banjar dalam melaksanakan tugas patroli mengalami kemunduran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif, yaitu menguji dan mengkaji data sekunder. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui dua tahap yaitu studi kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan yang hanya bersifat penunjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan Pasal 55 ayat (1) Perkap Polri No. 23 Tahun 2010, Sat Sabhara mempunyai kedudukan sebagai unsur pelaksana tugas pokok yang berada di bawah Kapolres. Sebagai unsur pelaksana tugas pokok, Sat Sabhara mempunyai peran dan fungsi dalam hal pemeliharaan Kamtibmas melalui kegiatan pengaturan, penjagaan, patroli, pengawalan serta pelayanan masyarakat dan upaya penindakan tahap awal. Ada beberapa hambatan yang dihadapi Sat Sabhara dalam melaksanakan kegiatan patroli yaitu kurangnya perencanaan yang baik dan kurang maksimalnya pelaksanaan patroli. Adapun upaya yang harus dilakukan adalah melakukan evaluasi perencanaan dan memaksimalkan kegiatan patroli dengan meningkatkan jumlah SDM dan menambah sarana dan prasarana penunjang kegiatan.
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Harefa, Herius. "OPTIMALISASI FUNGSI INTELIJEN KEPOLISIAN DALAM PENYELIDIKAN TINDAK PINDANA NARKOTIKA YANG DILAKUKAN ANGGOTA KEPOLISIAN ( Studi Sat Intelkam Polres Solok)." UNES Law Review 1, no. 1 (September 15, 2018): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/law.v1i1.5.
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One of the tasks of intelligence is to investigate members of the Police who commit criminal acts of narcotics abuse. Based on this, the problems described are the first, how the Police Intelligence Function and constraints in the Investigation of Narcotics Crimes committed by Solok Police Force Members and the Optimization of the Intelligence Functions. The specifications of this study are analytical descriptive. While the method of approach used is juridical empiris.Teknik data collection is a field study through interviews for primary data and literature study to obtain secondary data. The data obtained are then analyzed qualitatively. The first conclusion of the Police Intelligence Function in the investigation and supervision of members of the Police who committed the narcotic crime is to search, dig, and collect data as completely as possible from various sources. Both obstacles encountered in the execution of these functions are law enforcement factors where the Police must crack down on its members who commit a crime not to protect its members who are involved in narcotic criminal acts. Efforts Optimizing the intelligence function in investigating drug abuse by members of Polri is Conducting Education and training for members of Intelligence, Coordinating and cooperation with related institutions and institutions. Repressive efforts as law enforcement efforts in the form of repression, eradication, crackdown after the crime occurred.
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Bayquni, Bayquni. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REGIONAL REGULATION ENFORCEMENT RELATED TO THE MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19 IN STREET SELLERS IN JAKARTA BARAT." Moestopo International Review on Social, Humanities, and Sciences 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32509/mirshus.v1i1.8.
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Enforcement of local regulations regarding the handling of Covid 19 against street vendors in the West Jakarta Administrative City is still ineffective based on the lack of discipline on street vendors to comply with Health Protocols and the efforts of Satpol PP in enforcing PERDA to overcome Covid 19. While the theory used is effectiveness according to Tyson & Jackson, which consists of 1) Briefing, (2) Delegation, (3) Control, (4) Accountability, (5) Efficiency, (6) Coordination, (7) Adaptation, (8) Social Systems and Individual Expectations. The research method in this research uses qualitative methods. A qualitative approach is used because it involves the formulation of symptoms, information, or information regarding the enforcement of local regulations on Covid-19 prevention by Satpol PP against street vendors in West Jakarta Administrative City. The use of qualitative methods is supported by a project map on the Nvivo 12 application. The research findings show that the implementation of the enforcement of the Covid-19 countermeasures PERDA on street vendors in West Jakarta City Administration by Sat Pol PP, namely: (1) Satpol PP in enforcing the Covid 19 countermeasures PERDA in street vendors is still not fully effective in the implementation of delegation and control , accountability, efficiency, coordination and adaptation; and (2) The concept of improvement that can be carried out is the enforcement of the regulation on Covid 19 prevention by implementing humanist normative pattern of street vendor control, namely performance management of street vendors with environmental control, social services and economic empowerment of street vendors as business actors in the economic system. community organized according to the conditions of the Covid pandemic 19.
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Aris Nursetyabudi, Dyah Listyarini, and Arikha Saputra. "PERAN PPNS SAT POL PP DALAM PENEGAKAN PERDA NO 8 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG PENGAWASAN DAN PENGENDALIAN MINUMAN BERALKOHOL DIKOTA SEMARANG." Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v8i2.51185.
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The Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol-PP) is a government apparatus at the regional level which has the function to carry out Regional Regulations and Regional Head Regulations on the basis of Law 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government. Then this was continued in Government Regulation Number 16 of 2018 concerning the Civil Service Police Unit. Therefore, considering the importance of the role of Satpol-PP in enforcing regional regulations, this 'research' aims to find out how the 'role of the police unit' civil service in Semarang City is in enforcing regional regulations No. 8 of 2009 concerning 'Supervision' and 'Control of alcoholic beverages. in the city of Semarang. The research method used is the normative juridical method with case studies on enforcement by the Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol-PP) in Semarang City whose data includes: data on cafes, restaurants, karaoke places and/or places where alcohol drinks do not meet the requirements as regulated in Regional Regulation No. 8 of 2009, there are still many restaurants that do not meet the requirements stipulated in the legislation. Therefore, the role played by the Civil Service Police Unit is by litigation, namely the enforcement process as stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Code and Administrative Sanctions in the form of administrative termination in the form of temporary suspension.
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Nursin, Hendri, and Fitriati Fitriati. "IMPLEMENTASI MEDIASI PENAL DALAM PENYELESAIAN TINDAK PIDANA PENGRUSAKAN (Studi Pada Sat Reskrim Polres Solok)." UNES Law Review 1, no. 3 (March 4, 2019): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31933/law.v1i3.38.
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Penal mediation is one of the means of resolving criminal acts that have often been carried out by law enforcement officials, especially at the level of investigations in the police as explained in the letter of the Chief of Police No: B / 3022 / XII / 2009 / SDEOPS, December 14, 2009 concerning Handling Case Through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). Specifications in this study are descriptive analytical. The reason mediation model carried out by the Aro police station The likes of resolving criminal cases are mediation victim-offender models. This model places more emphasis on mediation between victims and perpetrators involving various parties who meet. The mediator can come from a formal official, independent mediator or combination. In this case the mediators involved were ninik mamak and local adat stakeholders and even the Kerapatan Adat Nagari (KAN). The obstacle encountered in the reasoning mediation of the Aro Suka police station is that there is no explicit regulation as a legal aspect governing reason mediation in the settlement of criminal cases, then the Police cannot fully act as mediators in the settlement of criminal cases through reasoning mediation, and there are still some people argues that all criminal cases can be carried out reason mediation or peace efforts between litigants. The effort that must be made is to encourage customary institutions in the nagari along with their traditional leaders to assist the National Police in resolving criminal cases whose source of problems starts from the issue of inheritance, inheritance, customary titles and so on.
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Pororo, Anca Elena. "Relația poliție – jandarmerie în județul Buzău în perioada 1929-1940 (instituții de ordine publică la oraș, respectiv sat)." Teologie și educație la "Dunărea de Jos" 17 (June 12, 2019): 283–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/teologie.2019.12.
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The beginning of the economic crisis in our country, the emergence of new elements against state security, led to the adoption in the year 1929 of the Lawfor the organization of the general state police and the Law on the organization of the rural gendarmerie. The role of policemen and gendares has intensified, both as activity and accountability. The mission of the two institutions was to ensure the maintenance of public order and security, enforcement of laws in urban and rural areas. In their jurisdiction they had: prevention of crime, investigation and prosecution of all offences provided by civil, military law, gathering of information on state security and reporting to the upper management. Regarding the police-gendarmerie relationship, very important were the Instructions of July 1930 to establish service links between the two institutions, drawn up by the General Inspectorate of Gendarmerie and approved by the Ministry of Interior. Close collaboration had to be in the interest of the service, order and public safety, without regard to other aspects. A good collaboration existed with the other local authorities. At the level of the Buzau county was constituted in the year 1931 the Administrative Cooperation Council, of which were part: the county prefect, the Chief of Police, the commander of the Legion of Gendarme, the commander of the Garrison. In the meetings were discussed the most important problems in Buzau County, as well as the measures taken. Police and gendarmerie reports record certain special events in Buzau County, such as: theft, insults, scandals, beatings, injuries, suicides, murders, accidents, fires, prunings, epidemics, disappearances, desertion, vagrancy. Measures were taken to prevent railroad attacks in order to ensure peace and public safety around the elections in order to prevent any acts of brutality on voters or supporters of one party or another. Among the powers of police and gendarmerie are the control of foreigners from towns and villages, their activity being closely supervised, and suspicious personswere banished from the country. They were checking even the Romanian citizens coming to the area, asking for information about their past from the policies of the cities where they had their last home. Police and gendarmerie received clear orders regarding the actions they had to undertake if the Communists attempted to provoke revolutionary movements and attacks against the authorities. At the same time, they informed the upper management about all meetings, congresses, meetings held in the village and the city. They reported information on how the events were, the number of participants, the people taking the floor.A number of documents deal with the legionary problem, the work carried out by the “Everything for the country“. We find that the police and gendarmerie authorities have taken repressive measures against the Legion organization. There have been searches at the home of the heads and members of the legionaries, they have confiscated weapons and various brochures, manifests. Some have been arrested, brought to military courts or been established as forced residence in other counties. Very important are the reports on the state of mind of the population, which include aspects relating to economic, social, political, minorities and religious sects. It was recorded the general dissatisfaction of the population due to the expensive clothing, footwear and food, felt in all social layers, but especially among the retired. About the minority population we learn that it consisted of: Hungarians, Bulgarians, Russians, Germans, Serbs, Polons, Turks, Greeks, Italians, Armenians, Albanians, Austrians. Among them there were people suspected of espionage. Police officers in collaboration with the Gendares played an important role in the withdrawal, control and supervision of refugees from Bessarabia and Northen Bukovina in the year 1940. For their verification, they were asked for maximum attention, some of whom may have been sent as spies. Research and supervision were difficult because of the large number of refugees and that some of them did not respect the home settlements fixed. By studying the archive documents I wanted to highlight the collaborative relations between the two structures, the cooperation missions, the formation of mixed patrols, the raids, the way to act according to the events that marked the history of Romanians.
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Misonne, Delphine. "Arm Wrestling around Air Quality and Effective Judicial Protection. Can Arrogant Resistance to EU Law-related Orders Put You in Jail?" Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 17, no. 4 (November 13, 2020): 409–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01704004.
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Abstract In the judgment Deutsche Umwelthilfe (C-752/18) of December 2019, the Court of Justice of the European Union (ecj) addresses the situation where a referring court has already ordered a public authority to adopt traffic bans, based upon the need to comply with Directive 2008/50 on air quality, but is confronted, together with the non-governmental organization which is at the initiative of the lawsuit, to the public authority’s persistent refusal to comply with that injunction, even though it has become final. In such awkward situation and due to the lack of success of other avenues, is a national court entitled – and possibly even obliged – to impose coercive detention on officials, by virtue of the right to an effective remedy and the obligation to ensure effective legal protection in the fields covered by EU law, asked the referring Court? It is not surprising that the Court of Justice sat as the Grand Chamber for delivering the preliminary ruling. The case is a landmark on the right to an effective remedy and on the right to liberty, in a context of procedural autonomy. The case is also essential in the way it embraces human health and adds a higher step in the ascending line gradually constructed by the ecj on the binding force of EU law on air quality standards. The ecj decides that EU law only empowers and even obliges a national court to have recourse to the privation of liberty of a public official, like a Minister-President, if this is provided for in a domestic legal basis, which is sufficiently accessible, precise and foreseeable in its application. This contribution observes that, if the judgement may look like a victoire à la Pyrrhus for the environmental association and if it confirms that EU environmental law remains systemically dependent upon the choices made at domestic level on enforcement matters, the judgment also truly consolidates the right to effective judicial protection and the right to an effective remedy, in more normal circumstances and when human health is in the balance. It also cements the direct effect of Directive 2008/50 on ambient air quality and associated rights for individuals.
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Nugroho, Andre Setyo. "Pancasila as a Source of Law in Enforcing Corruption in Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Pancasila and Global Constitutionalism 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2023): 103–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijpgc.v2i1.59806.
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Indonesia is currently in a state of emergency in law enforcement, especially in cases of corruption. Law enforcement in Indonesia is still quite alarming because the law in Indonesia still views the public and officials, this view is certainly not equal and not in accordance with the values contained in Pancasila. With the inequality of legal equality of corruption, there are many problems ranging from health to the economy. Corruption is an act that is very detrimental in various sectors, especially in its enforcement that is not in accordance with the values of Pancasila which causes enforcement in Indonesia to be very sad. In the discussion of this journal, it focuses more on the values of Pancasila so that law enforcement in Indonesia returns to normal or enforcement in Indonesia can be said to be equivalent which contains the values of Pancasila in it. In taking the material in this journal, we use the library study method which will add insight into how to take the attitude of Pancasila values in law enforcement corruption.
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Himawan, Himawan, Kristiawanto Kristiawanto, and Mohamad Ismed. "Peranan Jaksa Sebagai Dominus Liitis Dalam Menuntut Uang Pengganti Akibat Tindak Pidana Korupsi Yang Bersinggungan Dengan Tindak Pidana Perpajakan." SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 9, no. 5 (August 3, 2022): 1421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v9i5.27506.
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The criminal procedure law currently still has problems, because there are procedures that must be obeyed and obeyed by law enforcement officials in carrying out and enforcing the law which actually causes law enforcement itself to be useless. This is illustrated when the Prosecutor handles criminal acts of corruption, which in fact also intersects with tax crimes, and cannot carry out law enforcement simultaneously, because legally the current criminal procedure for tax crimes can only be investigated by the Directorate General of Taxes. This is a weakness in the current procedural law, because the redistribution of the findings will take a relatively long time and cost a relatively large amount of money to handle cases. The research method used is a qualitative method with an empirical normative approach. The results of the study state that efforts to overcome weaknesses in the Criminal Procedure Code require a response from law enforcement officials, especially prosecutors to make a breakthrough against the rigidity of the current criminal procedure law by prioritizing the benefits of law enforcement itself.Keywords: Replacement Money; Corruption Crimes; Tax Crime AbstrakHukum acara pidana saat ini masih memiliki permasalahan, karena adanya prosedur yang harus dipatuhi dan ditaati aparatur penegak hukum dalam menjalankan dan menengakkan hukum yang justru menyebabkan penegakan hukum itu sendiri menjadi tidak bermanfaat. Hal ini tergambar pada saat Jaksa menangani tindak pidana korupsi yang ternyata juga bersinggungan dengan tindak pidana perpajakan, dan tidak dapat melakukan penegakan hukumnya secara bersamaan, karena secara hukum acara pidana yang berlaku saat ini terhadap tindak pidana perpajakan hanya dapat disidik oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pajak. Hal inilah menjadi kelemahan dalam hukum acara saat ini, karena dengan dilimpahkannya kembali temuan tersebut akan memerlukan waktu yang relatif lama dan mengeluarkan uang penanganan perkara yang juga relatif tidak sedikit. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif empiris. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa upaya mengatasi kelemahan dalam KUHAP diperlukan respons para aparatur penegak hukum, terutama Jaksa untuk melakukan terobosan terhadap kekakuan hukum acara pidana saat ini dengan mengutamakan kemanfaatan dari penegakan hukum itu sendiri.Kata Kunci: Uang Pengganti; Tindak Pidana Korupsi; Tindak Pidana Perpajakan
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Amin, Samir Muhazzab, and Muhd Dhamir Audi Azizul. "EMPOWERING SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA: A CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS." International Journal of Modern Trends in Social Sciences 2, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijmtss.29005.
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Contemporary issues in social work should be concentrating as a check and balance process from the establishment of social work education programs in Malaysia. Therefore, this article discussing several contemporary issues in social work education as well as suggestions on empowering social work education in Malaysia. A total of 5 informants from the Management and Professional Group (Grades 41 - 48) from Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat and Institut Sosial Malaysia were involved in this study. This study used a qualitative approach through a phenomenological approach. Among the major issues that the author has touched upon are the issues of social work education standards, the issue of social works act, an issue in social work job position, and the issue of social work education in public universities. Hence, some resolutions were added by the informant to overcome the contemporary issues such as the enforcement of social work education standards, overcoming the conflict of power as the enforcement of social work laws, setting clearer criteria for Civil Service Commission, re-organize social work education curriculum, and responsive administration at university and ministry levels. Various parties such as educators, administrators, policymakers, and social workers need to create strong collaborations and play an essential role in empowering social work education in Malaysia.
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Oluka, Lucas N., Elijah O. Igwe, and Princewill O. Okereka. "Internal Security, Rule of Law and Violations of Human Rights in Nigeria (2013 – 2020): A Contemporary World Perspective." Štát a právo 9, no. 1 (May 4, 2022): 2–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/sap.2022.9.1.2-27.
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Much as internal security is paramount to a volatile nation-state such as Nigeria, so is respect for human rights which are rights human beings have by virtue of their being human, especially the right to life, dignity of human person, personal liberty, fair hearing, as well as freedom of speech, consciousness and religion. This study, thus, argued that internal security and respect for the rule of law in its entire ramification should run pari passu in order to maintain a stable society irrespective of the circumstances the country finds itself. It is on this premise the study examined the need for highly placed government officials to respect the rule of law. The study, essentially, argued that the law enforcement agencies and the armed forces that are empowered by the law of the land to maintain law and order as well as enforce the laws of the state and fight insurgency and other forms of anti-vices orchestrated by terrorist groups and other criminal elements, are the ones responsible for violations of the laws of the state. To achieve the objectives of this study, historical design which is qualitative and explorative in nature was adopted to examine the variables of internal security and the implications for respect and sustenance of rule of law and human rights which include respect of the rights of the individual citizens by the police and the military while carrying out their constitutional responsibilities to the state. This means that data for the study were collected from secondary source via textbooks, reports from dailies and periodicals, official documents, journal publication and internet materials. The study made some useful recommendations which among others include: the need for the government to always provoke the section of the Fundamental Rights Enforcement Procedure Rule 2008 for the enforcement of rights under the Constitution of the federal republic; there is the need for government to restructure and reorient officers of the law to change their perceptions of asserting excessive power over the citizens; there is also the need to promote harmonious police-public or community relations, and increase public trust and confidence towards the police in particular.
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Yasenov, Vasil I., Jens Hainmueller, Michael Hotard, Duncan Lawrence, Laura M. Gottlieb, and Jacqueline M. Torres. "Association Between Health Care Utilization and Immigration Enforcement Events in San Francisco." JAMA Network Open 3, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): e2025065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25065.
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Groppi, Matthew. "Recruit conservation warden field training: A qualitative analysis of the San Jose Police Department Field Training Model applied to natural resource law enforcement." International Journal of Police Science & Management 23, no. 3 (May 20, 2021): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14613557211016491.
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This article reviews the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing (hereafter President’s Task Force) findings on law enforcement field training. The President’s Task Force was critical of the San Jose Police Department Field Training Model (hereafter the San Jose Model), the most common model used by law enforcement agencies within the United States. These criticisms were the impetus for an assessment of the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) Law Enforcement Field Training Program which was based on the San Jose Model. The WDNR employs conservation wardens who primarily enforce wildlife, environmental, and recreational vehicle laws. This study evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the WDNR field training program through surveys of the perceptions and experiences of the field training officers, recruit conservation wardens, and warden supervisors. These findings also permit analysis regarding the criticisms identified by the President’s Task Force. The author found very little existing research pertaining to field training programs and little existing research on conservation law enforcement. The findings of this study persuaded command staff within the WDNR to follow the recommendations of the President’s Task Force and adopt the Police Training Officer (PTO) Model because it incorporated adult learning concepts, problem-based learning, and was more focused on community policing. Practical applications for other agencies are discussed and needs for future empirical research related to law enforcement field training are identified.
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Romero, David R., and Antonieta Mercado. "Cleaning San Diego: Migration, geography, exclusion, and resistance." Ethnicities 18, no. 6 (November 10, 2017): 825–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796817740174.
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This essay analyzes the legal and spatial production of invisibility of undocumented immigrants from Mexico living in San Diego, something that Nicholas De Genova has called a “regime of deportability”. Systematic state restrictions and a legal system that criminalizes immigrants, especially from Mexico, are in practice a racialized enforcement of the law producing a condition of permanent “illegality”. This condition of “illegality” is lived through the very real possibility of being deported. To survive this environment, many undocumented immigrants from Mexico have become invisible to the rest of San Diego by relying on informal networks for information about jobs and avoiding surveillance by alerting each other about the presence of law enforcement. We focus especially on women employed in the domestic care industry, who work in private homes by the hour and use various city spaces to connect with and foster these immigrant networks. We conducted focus groups, in-depth interviews, and engaged in participant-observation in spaces such as churches, parks, buses, trolley lines, festivals, sports tournaments, and other places of reunion in North and South San Diego County. We conclude that immigrants find spaces for survival and resistance by cultivating solidarity ties through daily interactions in networks formed in public and semi-public locations.
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Damane Sebotsa, Masekonyela Linono, Andre Dannhauser, Pieter L. Jooste, and Gina Joubert. "Iodine content of salt 2 years after the introduction of the universal salt iodisation legislation in Lesotho." British Journal of Nutrition 93, no. 6 (June 2005): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041314.
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The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the universal salt iodisation legislation on I levels of salt at household, retail and entry level in Lesotho. We used a multistage proportion to population size method to select thirty-one clusters from all the districts and ecological zones of Lesotho. In each cluster, thirty households were randomly selected and salt samples were collected. Six salt samples from two randomly selected retailers in each cluster, and a total of 107 salt samples from all the commercial entry points in the country were also collected. Lesotho does not produce salt and it imports almost all its salt from South Africa. The salt samples were analysed using the iodometric titration method. The median I concentration of salt was 36.2 ppm at entry point, 37·3 ppm at retail level and 38·5 ppm at household level. At household level only 1·6 % used non-iodised salt and 86·9 % used adequately iodised salt. Of all salt collected at household level, 20·4 % was coarse salt, which was significantly less well iodised than fine salt. The study demonstrates a major achievement in the availability of iodised salt as well as household use of adequately iodised salt. Under-iodisation of coarse salt and non-uniformity of salt iodisation at the production site were observed. Therefore, there is a need for enforcement of the salt iodisation legislation especially at entry-point level to ensure that only iodised salt enters the country. During enforcement more emphasis should be given to iodisation of coarse salt.
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Ndiaye, Abdoualye, Banda Ndiaye, and Venkatesh Mannar. "Role of Effective Enforcement of Salt Iodization Legislation in Improving the Supply and Distribution of Adequately Iodized Salt." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 5, no. 5 (January 10, 2015): 1104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2015/21265.
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Perrone, Dina, Aili Malm, and Erica Jovanna Magaña. "Harm Reduction Policing: An Evaluation of Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) in San Francisco." Police Quarterly 25, no. 1 (November 22, 2021): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10986111211037585.
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In 2017, San Francisco (SF) implemented Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD), a program Beckett described as harm reduction policing. Through a process and outcome evaluation of LEAD SF, this paper demonstrates the positive impacts of harm reduction policing, on those who use drugs and/or engage in sex work. When law enforcement officers used their discretion to divert individuals into LEAD rather than arrest, those individuals had significantly fewer felony and misdemeanor arrests and felony cases, in comparison to a propensity score matched group. The focus group and interview data describe that the collaboration, the warm handoff, and LEAD’s harm reduction principles were mechanisms of success. However, obtaining officer buy-in was a key challenge. Despite that obstacle, LEAD SF’s harm reduction policing reduces offending, improves the wellbeing of people who use drugs and engage in sex work, and allows the police to carry out their mandate to protect and serve.
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Raditya, I. Putu, Ida Ayu Putu Widiati, and I. Made Minggu Widyantara. "Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pelanggaran Penggunaan Telephone Selular saat Berkendara." Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 1, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jph.1.1.2168.157-162.
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Cellular Telephone is a communication tool that can connect people with others who are obstructed by distance and time. Its use is now a priority for most people. The level of traffic accidents caused by drivers who drive their vehicles while using the telephone is also increasing. In connection with the above it will be discussed regarding the regulation of the use of cellular telephone while driving as well as law enforcement for motorists who violate the use of cellular telephone while driving. In this paper the method used is a normative legal method which uses legal material collection techniques in the form of study documents and uses primary legal material sources such as legislation and secondary legal materials such as legal books which are then poured descriptively to get final conclusions. Then regarding the conclusions of the results of this study namely violations of the use of cellular telephones have explained that in driving there is no concentration to cause an accident and even to cause death then threatened with imprisonment and fines as regulated in Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Past Road Traffic and Transportation. For law enforcement efforts to prevent the use of cellular telephones it is necessary to understand the community from adolescents to adults of the dangers and impacts of using cellular telephones when driving. So that safety can be created in driving with other public road users.
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Xu, Tian Atlas. "Immigration Attorneys and Chinese Exclusion Law Enforcement: The Case of San Francisco, 1882–1930." Journal of American Ethnic History 41, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 50–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jamerethnhist.41.1.0050.
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Abstract This article examines the historical correlations between Chinese exclusion law enforcement and the career patterns of immigration attorneys in San Francisco. Built on a rich historiography about Chinese exclusion and state formation in the United States, it views these attorneys as a unique interest group to make sense of their intermediary role between the administrative state and the transnational Chinese community. Drawing from both traditional sources and a collection recently made public by Stanford University, it looks at three groups of Euro-American lawyers who, for five decades, dominated the business of Chinese immigration legal services at the Golden Gate: lawyers from the private sector, former United States attorneys, and officials-turned-attorneys who emerged in the late 1910s. The article argues that these lawyers’ background and priorities closely corresponded and evolved with the decline of judicial review and the rise of the immigration authorities’ near-plenary power over the project of exclusion. The lawyers’ work provides fresh insights into the key paradox in the history of Chinese exclusion, that despite its constant search for efficiency, local enforcement of the exclusion laws often reduced the anti-Chinese policy to routinized, counterproductive procedures. It finds that many US attorneys and immigration inspectors who later chose to become attorneys for the Chinese had been diligent federal employees. Their shifting positions prove bureaucratic malice towards Chinese immigrants to be anything but monolithic and challenge historians’ established dichotomy between an anti-Chinese state and Chinese in America.
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Agiyanto, Ucuk. "Law Enforcement in Indonesia: Exploration of the Concept of Justice in Islamic Dimension with Pancasila Ideology." AL-HAYAT: Journal of Islamic Education 2, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v2i2.37.
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Law enforcement in Indonesia is still not going well and is so alarming. The problem of law enforcement (law enforcement) always tends to be the imbalance of dynamic interactions between legal aspects in expectations or das swollen, with elements of the application of the law in reality das sein. The weakness of law enforcement in Indonesia today can be reflected in various resolutions of significant cases that have not been completed, one of which is the practice of corrupt corruption, but ironically the main actors are very few who are legally enforced. This fact is precisely the best compared to some cases involving small people. Judging from the study of philosophy, the reflection of legal philosophy is done to be able to know the irregularities that exist in the application of the law in looking at the value orientation of justice that concerns the view of human life. Because the code must always be returned to its original purpose to create justice, this study discusses Sidharta's conception of building and legal systems in examining the problem of law enforcement in Indonesia. The research method used in this paper is descriptive research, which aims to investigate law enforcement in Indonesia in terms of the study of the philosophy of law and law enforcement seen from the concept of Sidharta in creating justice law.
Penegakan hukum di Indonesia masih belum berjalan dengan baik dan begitu memprihatinkan. Permasalahan penegakan hukum (law enforcement) selalu bertendensi pada ketimpangan interaksi dinamis antara aspek hukum dalam harapan atau das sollen, dengan aspek penerapan hukum dalam kenyataan das sein. Lemahnya penegakan hukum di Indonesia saat ini dapat tercermin dari berbagai penyelesaian kasus besar yang belum tuntas, salah satunya adalah praktek korupsi yang menggurita, namun ironisnya para pelaku utamanya sangat sedikit yang terambah hukum. Kenyataan tersebut justru berbanding terbaik dengan beberapa kasus yang melibatkan rakyat kecil. Dilihat dari kajian filsafat, refleksi filsafat hukum dilakukan untuk dapat mengetahui kejanggalan-kejanggalan yang ada dalam penerapan hukum dalam menilik orientasi nilai keadilan yang menyangkut pandangan hidup manusia. Sebab hukum harus selalu dikembalikan kepada tujuan awalnya untuk menciptakan keadilan. Penelitian ini membahas konsepsi Sidharta tentang bangunan dan sistem hukum dalam mengkaji masalah penegakan hukum di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah penelitian deskriptif, yang bertujuan untuk mengkaji penegakan hukum di Indonesia ditinjau dari kajian filsafat hukum dan penegakan hukum dilihat dari konsep Sidharta dalam menciptakan hukum yang berkeadilan.
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Pratiwi, Elsa Intan. "Law Enforcement Efforts against the Crime of Body Shaming Through Mediation." Pancasila and Law Review 1, no. 2 (January 5, 2021): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/plr.v1i2.2127.
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This study aims to analyze the forms of action that are categorized as body shaming crimes and criminal law enforcement against body shaming crimes on social media. This study uses a normative juridical approach. The data used is in the form of secondary data consisting of primary and secondary legal materials. The data collection method uses literature study and descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that, the forms of action that are categorized as body shaming crimes, namely: the words uttered contain elements of physical insult and have humiliated and lowered one's self-esteem because they can be seen/witnessed by many people, making them feel sad and depressed. Perpetrators of body shaming can be charged under Article 315 of the Criminal Code, with a maximum imprisonment of four months and two weeks or a maximum fine of four thousand and five hundred rupiahs. And if it is done on social media, the perpetrator can be charged under Article 27 paragraph (3) jo. Article 45 paragraph (3) of the ITE Law with a maximum imprisonment of four years and/or a maximum fine of seven hundred and fifty million rupiah. The police also offer a settlement process in a non-litigation context, namely by maximizing penal mediation to reduce the build up of cases in court.
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Nepacina, M. R. J., J. R. F. Foronda, K. J. F. Haygood, R. S. Tan, G. C. Janairo, F. F. Co, R. O. Bagaforo, T. A. Narvaez, and J. I. B. Janairo. "Differentiation of Rubber Cup Coagulum Through Machine Learning." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 50, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sab-2019-0008.
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Abstract A support vector machine classification algorithm was formulated to differentiate rubber cup coagulum according to the type of acid coagulant used. Two classification models were established, a binary classification algorithm and a model that can identify if formic, acetic, sulfuric acid, or no acid was used to induce coagulation. The models were based on the properties of the rubber cup coagulum that are easy to measure, such as tensile strength, water contact angle, and density. The binary classification model, which differentiates the industry-accepted formic acid-coagulated rubber cup coagulum from those which are not, exhibited satisfactory reliability, as evidenced by a 92% overall prediction accuracy and 71.4% cross-validation accuracy. Moreover, it was also determined that the rubber properties density, and water contact angle were important contributors for the classification. Acid-induced rubber coagulation is an important post-harvest process that influences the resulting rubber quality. Thus, the accurate differentiation of the rubber samples is useful for quality assurance purposes, as well as in policy enforcement.
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Lucero Fleck, Jack, and Bridget B. Smith. "Can We Make Red-Light Runners Stop?: Red-Light Photo Enforcement in San Francisco, California." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1693, no. 1 (January 1999): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1693-08.
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Bluthenthal, Ricky N., Alex H. Kral, Jennifer Lorvick, and John K. Watters. "Impact of law enforcement on syringe exchange programs: A look at Oakland and San Francisco." Medical Anthropology 18, no. 1 (July 1997): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740.1997.9966150.
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Powers, Sara, Silvia Orsulic-Jeras, Jessica Empeno, Regina Lagasca, Amy Abrams, Sarina Barker, Rebecca McDaniel, and Marcie Hanna. "Improving Dementia Capability Among Law Enforcement: Evaluation of Dementia Education Training in San Diego County." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1600.
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Abstract As the number of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) cases grow, first responders will have more frequent interactions with individuals living with ADRD within the community. Recognizing the lack of dementia training among first responders and through the support of an Administration for Community Living grant, Alzheimer’s San Diego partnered with local law enforcement to support and educate first responders on local ADRD resources, referral systems for families and caregivers, and disease-related information, in hopes of building stronger dementia capable services within San Diego County. To date, 249 first responders have participated in dementia education trainings and completed the related evaluations that aimed to understand their experiences with and knowledge of dementia. On average, participants were 44.74 years old (SD=18.45) and served 8.72 years (SD=7.99) on their job. Majority were male (n=189), had some college education (n=94), and identified as White/Caucasian (n=105) or Hispanic/Latino (n=92). Although objective knowledge (as measured by a shortened version of the Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale [ADKS]) did not significantly differ from pre- to post-test, participants’ perceived subjective knowledge about dementia significantly increased from pre-test (M=1.17, SD=0.77) to post-test (M=1.89, SD=0.66); t(141)=10.56, p<.001. Encouragingly, participants who reported receiving prior training on dementia had significantly higher ADKS scores at both pre- and post-test compared to those who did not have prior training. Results highlight the need for ongoing dementia-related training for law enforcement and the importance of evaluation requirements. Discussion will focus on policy implications and how communities can support dementia capability among first responders.
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Jones, Nathan. "A Mixed Methods Social Network Analysis of San Diego Law Enforcement Task Forces and Agencies." International Journal of Police Science 1, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 70–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.56331/487529/ijps6.
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Ersya, Muhammad Prima. "Anomaly of Law Enforcement in Basuki Tjahaja Purnama Case." Journal of Moral and Civic Education 2, no. 1 (August 1, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/885141221201859.
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The case of former Jakarta governor Basuki Tjahaya Purnama began when he spoke in Kepu-lauan Seribu on September 27, 2016, quoting a verse of the Holy Qur'an that was deemed to have no relevance to the purpose of his arrival which became the basis of the allegation on de-famation against religion as defined in Article 156a of the Criminal Code. As a follow-up of the case, the legal process for the report is conducted and immediately becomes the focus of community concentration. However, in the case of law enforcement process is considered to have some peculiarities and deviate from the principle or principle of criminal procedural law. This is what makes this case interesting to investigate further by using seve-ral instruments related legislation, such as Law No. 8 of 1981 About Criminal Procedure Law. The paper is discussed using the normative juridical approach that focuses on reviewing violations of the principle or principle of criminal procedural law in the law enforcement of religion defama-tion by Basuki Tjahaya Purnama. In the future it is hoped that the negligence of application of the principle or principle of criminal procedure does not happen again.
Keywords: defamation of religion, criminal procedural law, law enforcement
ABSTRAK
Kasus Mantan Gubernur DKI Jakarta Basuki Tjahaya Purnama diawali saat ia berbicara di Kepulauan Seribu pada tanggal 27 September 2016 dan mengutip salah satu ayat Kitab Suci Al Qur’an yang dianggap tidak memiliki relevansi dengan tujuan kedatangannya, sehingga hal tersebut dijadikan dasar laporan atas dugaan tindak pidana penistaan terhadap agama sebagaimana yang dirumuskan dalam Pasal 156a Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana. Sebagai bentuk tindak lanjut dari kasus tersebut, maka proses hukum untuk laporan tersebut dilakukan dan langsung menjadi fokus konsentrasi masyarakat. Namun dalam hal proses penegakan hukumnya dinilai memiliki beberapa ke-janggalan dan menyimpang dari asas atau prinsip hukum acara pidana. Hal inilah yang membuat kasus ini menarik untuk diteliti lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan beberapa instrumen peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait, diantaranya adalah Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 Tentang Hukum Acara Pidana. Pembahasan dalam tulisan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif yang fokus menelaah pelanggaran terhadap asas atau prinsip hukum acara pidana di dalam penegakan hukum kasus penistaan agama oleh Basuki Tjahaya Purnama. Sehingga dikemudian hari diharapkan kelalaian penerapan asas atau prinsip hukum acara pidana tidak terulang lagi.
Kata Kunci: penistaan agama; hukum acara pidana; penegakan hukum
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Mandey, Aprilia Widya, Ronny A. Maramis, and Friend H. Anis. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KESELAMATAN TENAGA MEDIS DALAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19." Jurnal Hukum to-ra : Hukum Untuk Mengatur dan Melindungi Masyarakat 7, no. 3 (December 28, 2021): 447–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55809/tora.v7i3.49.
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This study aims to analyze the protection and law enforcement of the safety of medicalpersonnel in health services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method used inthis research is normative juridical. The approach used in this research is the conceptualapproach and the statutory approach. Sources and types of data used are secondary data.Secondary data collection is done by conducting a literature study. The results of the studyshow that the law enforcement process against the laws and regulations regarding thesafety of medical personnel in health services during the COVID-19 pandemic has not beenproperly enforced so that in its implementation there are many cases of medical personnelwho are exposed and died due to COVID-19, so that the rights of the rights of health workersduring the pandemic are still neglected and have not been fulfilled. The factors that causesuch as: lack of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) including masks (N95), eye protection,gloves and long gowns (gown), lack of medical personnel, heavy workload, excessive andunbalanced working hours with fixed incentives, inadequate work environment and lack ofattention from the central government when medical personnel provide health services. Andalso in the process of providing incentives and compensation for death, it was found thatthere were internal obstacles that resulted in the giving process not running in accordancewith the established rules.
Keywords Legal Protection, Health Service, Medical Workers Safety, Covid-19
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Aguilar Martínez, Susana, Esteban Valtierra Pacheco, José María Salas González, Aurelio León Merino, and Martín Hernández Juárez. "Gobernanza comunitaria de la conservación del bosque de San Miguel Topilejo, Tlalpan, CDMX." e-CUCBA 9, no. 18 (April 26, 2022): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi18.242.
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The communal governance is a process of agreement building and taking decision over common use resources, which takes intoaccount norms that regulate access, use and management of territory, and rights and responsibilities of resource owners. The leveland type of governance generated in every community depends on the degree of participation of its members to generate agreementssupporting decision and collective actions on their territory. The objective of this study is to know the level of communitygovernance on forest conservation in San Miguel Topilejo. A survey was applied to a sample of 58 de community members. Thelevel of governance was determined by criteria and indicators about social capital, collective action and local organization of thiscommunity. The main findings show that this community have low level of governance for forest management and conservation.The social capital generated is low because it does not allow cohesion of its members. Collective action show lack of cooperationand coordination to decision making process for enforcement of norms and sanctions. Level of community organization is elementalthe structure of positions and roles in the participation of forest management. The conclusion is this community show low level ofgovernance because the lack of clear objectives, lack of well-established norms and sanctions and lack of involvement of comunerosin decision making processes and management of common use resources.
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PODBREŽNIK, BRANKO. "VIEWS OF SLOVENIAN ARMED FORCES MEMBERS ON POSTINGS TO INTERNATIONAL DUTIES ABROAD." CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES 2011, no. 13/4 (October 15, 2011): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.13.4.5.
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By manning duties within NATO structure, the Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF) implement their integration aims, facilitate the enforcement of national interests, and acquire knowledge, skills and experiences necessary for their national needs and professional development. SAF members posted to duties within the Peacetime Structure of the Slovenian Armed Forces Abroad (PSSAFA) have to cope with various challenges concerning them personally, their life and work, as well as the life of their families, which have to deal with separation from their important members or with displacement to a completely new and unknown environment. Although the system supporting the duties abroad has been established, it should constantly be monitored and upgraded in order to become even more effective.
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Darmiwati and Siti Rahmah. "KPPU'S ROLE IN ENFORCEMENT OF BUSINESS COMPETITION LAW IN E COMMERCE TRANSACTIONS." JURNAL HUKUM DAS SOLLEN 8, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 312–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/das-sollen.v8i2.2249.
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Internet sebagai suatu media informasi dan komunikasi elektronik telah banyak dimanfaatkan dengan berbagai kegiatan salah satunya kegiatan perdagangan dengan memanfaatkan media internet (elektronik commerce atau di singkat e-commerce). model perdagangan saat ini semakin mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat, dan transaksi dalam perdagangan tidak lagi bertemu secara langsung, tetapi, perdagangan kini beralih melalui media elektronik Potensi terjadinya persaingan usaha tidak sehat di bidang e-commerce pada dasarnya memang sangat mungkin untuk terjadi. Penggunaan media internet dalam transaksi jual beli banyak menimbulkan beberapa permasalahan seperti perusahaan e-commerce (provider) skala besar akan memiliki kekuatan pasar sehingga dapat mengendalikan pasar dan pengguna (lock-in) bahkan menciptakan hambatan bagi provider lain untuk masuk pasar. Selain itu, perusahaan e-commerce dengan skala besar juga cenderung memiliki posisi tawar (bargaining position) yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan penggunanya sehingga berpotensi menciptakan hubungan kemitraan yang tidak sebanding. Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang larangan praktek monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat dibentuk untuk mencegah terjadinya persaingan usaha tidak sehat di Indonesia yang didasarkan oleh adanya pemusatan kekuatan ekonomi pada perorangan atau kelompok tertentu baik berbentuk monopoli maupun bentuk-bentuk praktek persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha adalah Komisi yang dibentuk untuk mengawasi pelaku usaha dalam menjalankan kegiatan usahanya agar tidak melakukan praktek monopoli dan/atau persaingan usaha tidak sehat.
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Greer, Keith, Katherine Day, and Sarah McCutcheon. "Efficacy and perception of trail use enforcement in an urban natural reserve in San Diego, California." Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 18 (June 2017): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2017.02.002.
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AUSTIN, THOMAS E., and ROBERT S. MCPHERSON. "Murder, Mayhem, and Mormons: The Evolution of Law Enforcement on the San Juan Frontier, 1880-1900." Utah Historical Quarterly 55, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45061636.
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Sianturi, Ronald Hasudungan, Togar Mangapul Manurung, and Andreas Candra. "TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PEMBAYARAN DENDA TILANG DENGAN SISTEM ELECTRONIC TRAFFIC LAW ENFORCEMENT ( ETLE )." Mizan: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 11, no. 1 (June 14, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/mizan.v11i1.2464.
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Pada saat ini masih banyak pengguna jalan raya khususnya pengendara yang kerap melakukan pelanggaran peraturan lalu lintas. Akibat dari adanya kesalahan berlalulintas, maka dengan ini Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia khususnya dibidang satuan lalulintas menerapkan sistem ETLE sebagai sanksi dalam bentuk penilangan yang tertuang pada UU Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 mengenai Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan (LLAJ).
Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penulisan makalah ini adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data dengan metode kuantitatif yang menghasilkan data deskriptif analitis.
Penerapan sistem ETLE sebagai sanksi berupa denda telah dilaksanakan dengan baik dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 22 (LLAJ) Tahun 2009 tentang Angkutan Jalan. Dalam pelaksaan sistem ini perlu diketahui bahwa adanya suatu asas hukum yaitu Asas “lex specialis derogat legi generali” yaitu hukum secara khusus didahulukan daripada hukum secara umum. Dimana kita ketahui asas hukum semacam ini menjadi penguat pertanggungjawaban hukum yang akan disanksikan kepada pelanggar lalu lintas.
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Heniarti, Dini Dewi. "INDONESIA IS COMBATING CORRUPTION: A Struggle between the Extra-Ordinary Measurement and Extraordinary People." Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 24, no. 2 (December 15, 2016): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ws.24.2.1002.
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<p class="IIABSBARU">Currently, the practices of mafia of law in Indonesia is getting more rampant. Law enforcement is very slow, many cases of corruption offenses as crimes extra ordinary crime are addressed will slow grind lower law. Ineffective of law in Indonesia is also dependent on these factors. Primarily extraordinary people. Several law enforcement officials are easily bribed by corrupt actors with the aim to escape punishment, or lighten their sentences. Laws are formulated to deal with corruption seem barren. Factually Indonesia show that is still ranked below Malaysia, Singapore, and Hong Kong, as well as Vietnam and the Philippines. Outcome in the form of impacts and benefits of combating corruption unclear to this day. This paper will to describe that law enforcement combating corruption will be support by extra ordinary measure and extra ordinary people. Especially, Indonesia, a majority Muslim country in fact the largest Muslim country in the world, a large number of Islam is really potential become a leader in the combating corruption.</p><p class="IIABSBARU">***</p>Praktek mafia hukum di Indonesia saat ini lebih merajalela. Penegakan hukum saat ini sangat lambat, banyak kasus tindak pidana korupsi sebagai kejahatan extra ordinary ditangani lambat laun akan menggiring hukum yang lebih rendah. Tidak efektifnya hukum di Indonesia tergantung juga pada faktor-faktor ini: pejabat penegak hukum yang mudah disuap oleh pelaku korupsi dengan tujuan untuk menghindari hukuman, atau meringankan hukuman mereka; hukum yang diformulasikan untuk menangani korupsi tampaknya mandul. Secara faktual Indonesia masih berada di bawah peringkat Malaysia, Singapura, dan Hong Kong, serta Vietnam dan Filipina dalam hal penanganan korupsi. Tulisan ini akan menjelaskan bahwa penegakan hukum dalam pemberantasan korupsi membutuhkan dukungan dengan tindakan luar biasa dan orang luar biasa. Terutama Indonesia, yang mayoritas penduduknya Muslim benar-benar potensial bagi kelahiran pemimpin yang mampu memerangi korupsi.<strong></strong>
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Puannandini, Dewi Asri. "Mengusut Tuntas Kejahatan Prostitusi Online dalam Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja dan Pengguna Jasa Seks Komersial." JURNAL PEMULIAAN HUKUM 3, no. 2 (November 16, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30999/jph.v3i2.1437.
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This research was conducted to obtain an overview related to law enforcement against online prostitution crimes and what are the inhibiting factors for law enforcement. The author tries to answer legal problems from the normative side based on both the rule of law in the law and norms. The legal materials that the author uses are secondary legal materials and primary legal materials. The results of the discussion are that in terms of law enforcement online prostitution at this time can only ensnare pimps or service providers only commercial sex workers and even then only article 296 of the Criminal Code is relevant while customers or commercial sex workers are only used as witnesses, this is very contradictory to the facts on the ground. where the tendency of both pimps, sex workers and customers alike benefit, but because there is no specific phrase in either the law or the Criminal Code which states that sex workers and their customers are criminal acts, this often results in customers and sex workers being used as witnesses instead of a crime The factors that hinder law enforcement against online prostitution as a criminal act of prostitution consist of regulatory factors, law enforcement factors, facilities and law enforcement factors, community factors and cultural factors. Lack of control mechanisms from the judicial component in every case examination process, law enforcers who lack cyber units in law enforcement institutions.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh gambaran berkaitan dengan penegakan hukum terhadap kejahatan prostiusi online dan apa yang menjadi faktor penghambat terhadap penegakan hukum tersebut. Penulis mencoba menjawab permasalahan hukum dari sisi normatif berdasarkan baik aturan hukum dalam perundang-undangan maupun norma-norma. Bahan hukum yang penulis pergunakan yaitu bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum primer. Hasil pembahasan yakni Dalam hal penegakan hukum tindak pidana prostitusi online pada saat ini hanya bisa menjerat mucikari nya saja atau penyedia layanan pekerja seks komersialnya itupun hanya pasal 296 KUHP yang relevan adapun pelanggan atau pekerja seks komersialnya hanya dijadikan sebagai saksi hal ini sangat kontradiktif dengan fakta dilapangan dimana kecenderungan baik mucikari, psk dan pelanggan sama-sama mendapatkan keuntungan, akan tetapi karena tidak ada nya frasa yang spesifik baik dalam undang-undang maupun KUHP yang menyebutkan psk dan pelanggannya merupakan tindak kejahatan maka terjadi kekosongan yang menyebabkan seringkali pelanggan dan psk nya hanya dijadikan saksi bukan pelaku tindak kejahatan Faktor-faktor yang menjadi penghambat penegakan hukum terhadap prostitusi online sebagai tindak pidana prostitusi terdiri dari faktor Aturan hukum yang mengatur, faktor penegak hukum, faktor sarana dan fasilitas dalam penegakan hukum, faktor masyarakat dan faktor budaya. Kurangnya mekanisme kontrol dari komponen peradilan pidana dalam setiap proses pemeriksaan perkara, penegak hukum yang kurangnya unit cyber dalam institusi penegak hukum.
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Kousha, A., S. Hakimi, G. Soleimanzadeh, N. Hashemnia, and H. Farhodgeibi. "Monitoring and enforcement of the salt iodization programme in Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran: a successful experience." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 16, no. 05 (May 1, 2010): 528–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2010.16.5.528.
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Saptomo, Priyo. "EFEKTIVITAS PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PERILAKU PENGENDARA RODA DUA DI TRAFFIC LIGHT KOTA PONTIANAK." TANJUNGPURA LAW JOURNAL 6, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/tlj.v6i2.50439.
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AbstractThe number of law violations that occur during traffic is always the same problem in each region, especially in Pontianak City where violations of traffic signs are still common, such as breaking through traffic signs and passing road markings. This lack of public awareness always causes harm to other motorists who have tried to obey the rules. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement on the compliance of two-wheeled drivers in Pontianak City. The study was carried out in an empirical juridical manner by looking at facts and data in the field and by analyzing based on a legal approach. The results of this study see that violations that occur at several intersections of traffic signs often occur not because of the presence or absence of law enforcement officers in the area, but it is believed that this has become a habit for the driving community when crossing the area, and this is what must be done. changed to improve the compliance of the driving community when driving.AbstrakBanyaknya pelanggaran hukum yang terjadi saat berlalu lintas selalu menjadi persoalan yang sama di tiap daerah-daerah, secara khusus di Kota Pontianak yang masih sering terjadi pelanggaran di rambu lalu lintas seperti menerobos rambu lalu lintas dan melewati marka jalan. Kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat tersebut selalu menimbulkan kerugian bagi pengendara lainnya yang sudah berusaha untuk taat pada peraturan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektifitas penegakan hukum terhadap kepatuhan pengendara roda dua di Kota Pontianak. Kajian tersebut dilakukan secara yuridis empiris dengan melihat fakta dan data dilapangan serta dengan menganalisis berdasarkan pendekatan undang-undang. Hasil penelitian ini melihat bahwa pelanggaran yang terjadi di beberapa ruas persimpangan rambu lalu lintas sering terjadi bukan karena ada atau tidaknya aparat hukum yang mengawasi di kawasan tersebut, melainkan hal tersebut diyakini sudah menjadi kebiasaan bagi masyarakat pengendara saat melintasi kawasn tersebut, dan hal tersebutlah yang harus diubah untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan masyarakat pengendara saat berkendara.
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Zondrafia, Zondrafia, Kristiawanto Kristiawanto, and Mohamad Ismed. "Urgensi Penerapan Mediasi Penal Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia." SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i 9, no. 5 (August 16, 2022): 1601–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v9i5.27685.
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Retributive justice-focused law enforcement against criminals can be ineffective. Convictions tend to be useless since victims' losses, damages, and injuries are overlooked. To overcome this, criminal case settlement led to restorative justice. Several law enforcement authorities, including the Police, Attorney General's Office, and Supreme Court, have adopted internal regulations on restorative justice-based penal mediation. Restorative justice settlements are currently limited to select circumstances, and the worth of losses that can be remedied through restorative justice mediation is limited. In Indonesia's criminal justice system, it's difficult to implement a restorative justice-based penal mediation method. No concrete criminal procedural statute binds law enforcement officers to bring cases to mediation, hence the restorative justice-based penal mediation method cannot be administered with legal certainty. Criminal procedural law is fundamental for enforcing substantive criminal law.Keywords: Mediation Penal; Criminal Justice System AbstrakPenegakan hukum yang berfokus pada keadilan retributif terhadap pelaku kejahatan dapat menjadi tidak efektif. Hukuman cenderung tidak berguna karena kerugian, kerusakan, dan cedera korban diabaikan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, penyelesaian perkara pidana bermuara pada keadilan restoratif. Beberapa aparat penegak hukum, termasuk Kepolisian, Kejaksaan Agung, dan Mahkamah Agung, telah mengadopsi peraturan internal tentang mediasi penal berbasis keadilan restoratif. Penyelesaian keadilan restoratif saat ini terbatas pada keadaan tertentu, dan nilai kerugian yang dapat diperbaiki melalui mediasi keadilan restoratif terbatas. Dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia, sulit untuk menerapkan metode mediasi penal berbasis keadilan restoratif. Tidak ada undang-undang acara pidana yang konkrit mengikat aparat penegak hukum untuk membawa kasus ke mediasi, sehingga metode mediasi penal berbasis keadilan restoratif tidak dapat dijalankan dengan kepastian hukum. Hukum acara pidana merupakan dasar untuk menegakkan hukum pidana substantif.Kata Kunci : Mediasi Penal, Sistem Peradilan Pidana
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Chanin, Joshua, Megan Welsh, and Dana Nurge. "Traffic Enforcement Through the Lens of Race: A Sequential Analysis of Post-Stop Outcomes in San Diego, California." Criminal Justice Policy Review 29, no. 6-7 (May 10, 2018): 561–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403417740188.
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Research has shown that Black and Hispanic drivers are subject to disproportionate stop and post-stop outcomes compared with White drivers. Yet scholars’ understanding of how and why such disparities persist remains underdeveloped. To address this shortcoming, this article applies a sequential approach to the analysis of traffic stop data generated by San Diego Police Department officers in 2014 and 2015. Results show that despite being subject to higher rates of discretionary and nondiscretionary searches, Black drivers were less likely to be found with contraband than matched Whites and were more than twice as likely to be subjected to a field interview where no citation is issued or arrest made. Black drivers were also more likely to face any type of search, as well as high-discretion consent searches, that end in neither citation nor arrest. The article concludes with a discussion of the findings and a series of recommendations.
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Wood, Matthew R., Ivan Bernal, and Roger A. Lalancette. "The dangerous new synthetic drug α-PVP as the hydrated chloride salt α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone hydrochloride 0.786-hydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 72, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229615023621.
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α-Pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP), a dangerous designer drug, is now being marketed around the world as a harmless `bath salt', when in reality it is a powerful β-ketone phenethylamine stimulant. A sample of the free base from a recent law-enforcement seizure was crystallized as the HCl salt [systematic name: 1-(1-oxo-1-phenylpentan-2-yl)pyrrolidin-1-ium chloride 0.786-hydrate], C15H22NO+·Cl−·0.786H2O. In the crystal structure, the propyl chain is nearly perpendicular to both the phenyl ring and the carbonyl group. The hydrogen-bonding scheme involves the quaternary N atom, the Cl−anion and the partially occupied (0.786) water molecule, forming centrosymmetric dimers.
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Mattoasi, Mattoasi, Usman Usman, and Didiet Pratama Musue. "PENGARUH SOSIALISASI TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI KEUANGAN ENTITAS MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (SAK EMKM) DI KOTA GORONTALO." Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan 9, no. 2 (August 9, 2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/jak.v9i2.3903.
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This study aims to see the effect of socialization on the enforcement of SAK Entities, micro, small and medium enterprises (EMKM) in Gorontalo Province. This research uses quantitative research methods. Sources of data used in this study are primary data obtained from questionnaires distributed to 99 respondents who are Entities micro, small and medium enterprises in Gorontalo Provinsi. Based on the result of the study, it shows that socialization has an effect on the effectiveness of the application of financial accounting standards for micro, small and medium enterprises by 13.9%, while the remaining 86.1% is explained by other variables not examined in this study.
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Gama, AP, and C. Ching’anda. "Hidden salt in breads of Blantyre (Malawi) and labelling practices: A national wake-up call." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 15, no. 72 (December 7, 2015): 10443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.72.15225.
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A study was carried out to the determine amount of salt in breads sold in five major retail shops in Blantyre (Malawi). Determined salt concentrations were compared with declared values on labels. In addition, the study also assessed labelling practices among bread manufacturers to check compliance with labelling regulations in Malawi. Six brands of breads were sampled from the five major retail shops. Twelve samples were collected for each of the six brands of bread herein designated as bread 1, bread 2, bread 3, bread 4, bread 5 and bread 6. The study found that average concentration of sodium in the breads ranged from 1.7 g/100 g to 2.6 g/100 g. Significant differences of sodium content were observed in four brands of bread; bread 1, bread 2, bread 4 and bread 5 (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed between bread 3 and bread 6 (p>0.05). None of the sampled breads had declared sodium content. All the breads complied with Malawi requirements for general labelling of breads. However, all the breads did not comply with nutrition labelling guidelines. The study reveals policy gap, in Malawi, on salt reduction in foods. The study also reveals regulation and regulation enforcement gaps that need to be urgently addressed to improve the current situation. Considering the results in this study, the authors recommend that Malawi should develop policies to support reduction of salt in food products such as bread to minimise risks associated with high salt intake. The authors also recommend enforcement of Malawi standard for nutrition labelling by the relevant authorities and a complete national survey to assess understanding of nutrition labelling among manufactures. Furthermore, the authors recommend urgent revision of 1985 Malawi standard for common bread, currently in use, to include sodium content limits as one way of initiating a reduction of sodium content in breads being sold on the market.
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Sulastryani, Sulastryani. "TINJAUAN YURIDIS PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PELAKU PENIPUAN SECARA HIPNOTIS." Jurisprudentie : Jurusan Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/jurisprudentie.v4i1.3670.
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Taking other people's stuff in a hypnotic way is getting rampant. In fact, this has come to the police, prosecutors, and courts. Therefore, special efforts are needed to take action against it. The act of taking other people's belongings by hypnosis becomes a very complicated problem because of the problem of applying and interpreting the article in KUHP primarily Article 362 of the KUHP about Theft and 382 of the KUHP about Fraud which is sometimes used by law enforcement to ensnare the perpetrators with the modus operandi of hypnosis. The next problem will be found in the evidentiary process. The need for other criminal codes is currently one of the obstacles in law enforcement effortKeyword : Hypnosis, Theft, FraudMengambil barang orang lain dengan cara hipnotis semakin marak. Bahkan, hal ini telah sampai pada kepolisian, kejaksaan, dan pengadilan. Oleh karena itu, perlu usaha khusus untuk menindaknya. Tindakan mengambil barang orang lain dengan cara hipnotis menjadi masalah yang sangat rumit karena terbentur masalah penerapan dan penafsiran pasal dalam KUHP utamanya Pasal 362 KUHP tentang Pencurian dan 382 KUHP tentang Penipuan yang terkadang digunakan oleh penegak hukum untuk menjerat pelaku dengan modus operandi hipnotis. Permasalahan selanjutnya akan ditemukan pada proses pembuktian. Perlunya ada aturan pidana lainnya pada saat ini merupakan salah satu kendala dalam upaya penegakan hukum.Kata Kunci : Hipnotis, Pencurian, Penipuan
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Rahmat, Diding. "The Effectiveness of Law Enforcement on Illegal Logging Based on the Value of Justice." UNIFIKASI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v7i1.2715.
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Forests are the lungs of the earth that contribute to environmental balance. In practice, the enforcement of environmental law through various regulations, such as Forestry Law, has brought both positive and negative impacts. This study aims to find out the regulations on illegal logging and to identify the effectiveness of law enforcement on illegal logging based on the value of justice. This study was conducted in Kuningan District Regional Government, Ciremai Mountain National Park (TNGC), Kuningan District Forestry Service, Kuningan District Court, Kuningan District Police Office, and Kuningan District Prosecutors Office. This qualitative study applied an empirical juridical or socio-legal approach in order to find data relating to law enforcement on illegal logging as well as preventive and repressive actions based on justice values carried out by law enforcement officials in Kuningan District. The results showed that Illegal logging is regulated in Law No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry and Law No. 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forests Destruction as well as the Supreme Court Circular No. 01 of 2008 concerning Guidelines for Handling Forestry Criminal Cases. Yet, there is no Kuningan District regulation that specifically regulates illegal logging. Further, the effectiveness of law enforcement on illegal logging in Kuningan District can be seen in terms of its legal substance, structure and culture.�Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Illegal Logging Berbasis Nilai Keadilan�Hutan merupakan paru paru dunia yang berkontribusi terhadap keseimbangan lingkungan. Penegakan hukum lingkungan melalui berbagi regulasi seperti undang undang kehutanan telah banyak memiliki nilai positif dalam prakteknya, akan tetapi juga ada nilai negatifnya Peneliti melakukan penelitian yang berjudul � Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Illegal Logging Berbasis Nilai Keadilan (Studi Di Kabupaten Kuningan) � Lokasi penelitian dilakukan Kabupaten Kuningan yaitu pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Kuningan, TNGC,� Dinas Kehutanan Kabupaten Kuningan, Pengadilan Negeri Kuningan, Kepolisian dan Kejaksaan Negeri Kuningan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaturan mengenai illegal logging� saat ini serta bagaimana penegakan hukum illeggal loging Kabupaten Kuningan. Metode yang dipakai oleh peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris atau sosio legal dengan cara melakukan penelitian lapangan untuk mencari data mengenai penegakan hukum illeggal logging di Kabupaten Kuningan serta tindakan preventif dan represif yang dilakukan oleh aparat hukum berbasis nilai keadilan. Hasil Penelitian yaitu pengaturan Illegal logging diatur dalam Undang Undang Undang Undang No.41 Tahun 1999 Tentang Kehutanan dan Undang Undang No.18 Tahun 2013� Tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan dan Perusakan Hutan sedangkan dalam peraturan lainya juga terdapat dalam Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung No.01 Tahun 2008 Tentang Petunjuk Penanganan Perkara Tindak Pidana Kehutanan Sedangkan di Kabupaten Kuniningan belum ada perda tentang Illegal logging, Selanjutnya Efektivitas penegakan hukum illegal loging di Kabupaten Kuningan berdasarkan hasil penelitan dapat dilihat Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
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Rosdiana, Haula, Maria R. U. D. Tambunan, and Inayati Hifni. "Penyempurnaan Hukum Formal Perpajakan Terkait Tata Cara Perpajakan." Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 22, no. 2 (August 16, 2020): 215–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/kanun.v22i2.13441.
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Dalam mengoptimalkan penerimaan pajak, pemerintah selayaknya mendesain sistem perpajakan yang berpegang prinsip efisiensi dengan tetap memperhatikan aspek keadil-an dan kesederhana. Dalam sistem perpajakan, hukum formal mempunyai peranan penting dalam mengejawantahkan hukum material, karena itu Undang-undang Ketentu-an Umum dan Tata Cara Perpajakan (KUP) menjadi salah satu kunci keberhasilan implementasi kebijakan pajak. Mengingat strategisnya peran UU KUP, perlu untuk mereview kembali UU KUP yang saat ini berlaku serta perlu dilakukan suatu penyempurnaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data kualitatif yang terdiri dari studi literatur dan focus group discussion. Penelitian bertujuan memberikan masukan atas KUP yang saat ini masih dalam proses pembahasan dengan menekankan pada aspek kemudahan (ease of administration), keadilan (equity) dan kepastian hukum (law enforcement). Hasil penelitian ini menekan-kan pada hal-hal terkait (i) perlunya meningkatkan basis data perpajakan, (ii) perlunya menjalankan kemudahan administrasi yang berdasarkan ketentuan yang tegas, jelas, dan sederhana, (iii) penegakan hukum yang tegas, (iv) adanya sanksi yang sebanding dengan pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh wajib pajak, dan (v) peningkatan kualitas layanan dan profesionalisme petugas pajak. Kajian ini diharapkan mampu mendorong terwujudnya regulasi perpajakan pro terhadap optimalisasi penerimaan tanpa mencede-rai hak-hak wajib pajak. Proposal for Amendment of Formal Law on Taxation Procedure In optimizing tax revenue, the government should design a taxation system that adheres to the principle of efficiency, justice and simplicity. In the taxation system, formal law has an important role in manifesting laws, therefore laws and taxation procedures (KUP) are one of the keys to the successful implementation of tax policies. Considering the strategic role of the KUP Law, it is necessary to review the KUP Law which is currently in force and needs to be improved. This study uses a qualitative approach with qualitative data collection techniques consisting of literature studies and focus group discussions. The research aims to provide input on KUP which is currently still in the process of discussion by emphasizing aspects of ease (ease of administration), justice (equity) and legal certainty (law enforcement). The results emphasize issues related to (i) the need to increase the taxation database, (ii) the need to carry out administrative facilities based on firm, clear and simple provisions, (iii) strict law enforcement, (iv) comparable sanctions with violations committed by taxpayers and (v) improving the quality of service and professionalism of tax officials. This study is expected to be able to encourage the realization of tax regulations that are pro to the optimization of revenue without harming the rights of taxpayers.
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Emmi, Philip C., and Carl A. Horton. "The Benefits of a Seismic Retrofit Program for Commercial Unreinforced Masonry Structures: Salt Lake County, Utah." Earthquake Spectra 9, no. 1 (February 1993): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585702.
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This paper assesses the benefits of a seismic retrofit program for commercial unreinforced masonry structures (CURMs) in Salt Lake County, Utah. A comparative risk assessment embedded in a geographic information systems is the method used. A policy evaluation time horizon of twenty years is set. Future rates of demolition and rehabilitation, with and without a retrofit policy, are assumed. Damage functions for ordinary and retrofitted URMs are used to assess losses having a 10 percent chance of being exceeded over a 50-year exposure period. With a retrofit program, expected losses are reduced by 57 percent or more than a quarter billion dollars when compared to the no-policy scenario. Expected injuries and fatalities are reduced by more than 80 percent. These are minimal benefits expected from enforcement of the seismic provisions of the Uniform Code of Building Conservation.