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Hachgenei, Nico. "Transfert d'eau et de résidus pharmaceutiques vétérinaires dans un bassin versant agricole de méso-échelle soumis aux crues éclairs." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALU007.
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Ce travail se concentre sur le transfert environnemental des résidus de médicaments vétérinaires qui pénètrent dans l'environnement via les excréments des animaux traités. Il est étudié dans les conditions d'un bassin versant à méso-échelle sous climat méditerranéen avec une agriculture extensive.Dans un premier temps, lors d’entretiens avec des éleveurs 14 composés pharmaceutiquement actifs (PhAC) ont été identifiés comme étant systématiquement utilisés dans le bassin versant, dont 10 antiparasitaires. Les antibiotiques n'étaient utilisés de manière significative que pour les chèvres. Nous avons choisi l'Ivermectine (IVM) comme molécule représentative de ces médicaments antiparasitaires et nous avons fait des expériences de transfert sur ce composé.Pour ces expériences, nous avons mis au point un dispositif permettant de prélever des monolithes de sol intacts et de les soumettre à des pluies simulées. Des bouses de vaches non traitées ont été dopées à une concentration réaliste telle que rapportée dans la littérature et placées sur le sol. Des événements pluvieux intenses consécutifs ont été simulés et le ruissellement de surface (OF) ainsi que le flux de drainage ont été mesurés et échantillonnés à haute fréquence. Des valeurs de concentration allant jusqu'à 3855 ng L-1 ont été observées dans l'OF. La concentration dans le flux de drainage était significativement réduite dans les sols provenant de la de la partie sédimentaire du site d'étude 150 ng L-1. Sur les sols du plateau basaltique du Coiron, l'hydrophobicité du sol a conduit à un fort écoulement préférentiel et la concentration d'IVM n'a pas été substantiellement réduite au passage à travers le sol. D'un autre côté, une humidité initiale du sol plus élevée a conduit à une rétention accrue de l'IVM à la fois par le drainage et par l'OF. En général, plus d'OF et une plus grande exportation d'IVM ont été observées sur les sols du plateau du Coiron. A cette échelle, l'hydrophobicité du sol semble jouer un rôle important dans la génération de l'OF.Enfin, afin de relier ces résultats à l'échelle du bassin versant et à la problématique globale de transfert des résidus pharmaceutiques vers les masses d'eau de surface, un modèle hydrologique conceptuel semi-distribué a été développé à l'échelle du bassin versant de la Claduègne afin d'estimer les distributions de temps de transit (TTD) sur un pas de temps horaire à l'aide de fonctions SAS et de suivi d'âge. Le modèle a été calibré par rapport au débit observé, à la concentration en silice et au rapport isotopique en deutérium de la molécule d'eau à l'exutoire. Le modèle prédit des fractions allant jusqu'à 60 % du débit à l'exutoire d'un âge inférieur à un jour pendant les événements de crue majeurs. Sur l'ensemble de la période d'observation, cette fraction représente 8.4 % de l'écoulement total. En moyenne, 25 % du volume d'eau sortant du bassin versant a un âge inférieur à 30 jours.L'analyse de quelques échantillons d'eau de ruisseau de la Claduègne pour trois produits pharmaceutiques vétérinaires a révélé que le Fenbendazole (FBZ) et le Mebendazole (MBZ) étaient présents à des concentrations détectables uniquement en période de crue, ce qui indique une forte importance de l'écoulement préférentiel pour leur transfert dans les ruisseaux. Des concentrations de l'antiparasite porcin FBZ allant jusqu'à 28.5 ng L-1 ont été observées lors d'un petit événement de crue en été, ce qui correspond à 355 fois la concentration prédite sans effet (PNEC) pour les poissonsThis work focuses on environmental transfer of residues of veterinary drugs entering the environment via dung from treated animals. It is studied under the conditions of a meso-scale catchment under Mediterranean climate with extensive agriculture.In a first step, interviews with livestock breeders were conducted to identify the treatment practices. 14 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC) were identified to be systematically used in the catchment, 10 of which antiparasitic drugs. Antibiotics were of significant use only for goats. We chose Ivermectin (IVM) as a representative molecule for those antiparasitic drugs and did further transfer experiments on this compound.For these experiments, we developed a device to sample intact soil monoliths and subject them to simulated rainfall. Dung from untreated cows was spiked to a realistic concentration (3 mg kg−1) as reported in literature and placed on the soil. Consecutive intense rain events were simulated and surface runoff and drainage flow were measured and sampled at high frequency. Concentration values of up to 3855 ng L−1 were observed in overland flow (OF). The concentration in drainage flow was significantly reduced in soils from the sedimentary foothills part of the study site (< 150 ng L−1). On soils from the Coiron basaltic plateau, water repellency led to strong preferential flow and the concentration of IVM was not substantially reduced by leaching through the soil. Higher initial soil moisture led to increased retention of IVM through both drainage and OF. Overall, up to 1 % of the initial mass of IVM was exported during two consecutive rain events. In addition, we could show that drying of cow dung effectively reduces the mobilization of IVM. In general, more OF and a higher export of IVM were observed on soils from the Coiron plateau. On this scale, soil water repellency (SWR) seems to play a substantial role in the generation of OF.Finally, in order to link those results to the catchment scale and the overall problematic of transfer of pharmaceutical residues to surface water bodies, a semi-distributed conceptual hydrological model was developed on the scale of the Claduègne catchment using SAS functions and age tracking in order to estimate transit time distributions (TTD) on an hourly time step. The model was calibrated against observed discharge, silica concentration and deuterium isotope ratio of the water molecule at the outlet. The model predicts fractions of up to 60 % of discharge at the outlet of an age below one day during major flood events. Over the whole observation period, this fraction represents 8.4 % of the total runoff. In average, 25 % of the discharge are less than 30 d old.The analysis of a few stream water samples from the Claduègne catchment for three veterinary pharmaceuticals revealed that Fenbendazole (FBZ) and Mebendazole (MBZ) were only present at detectable concentrations throughout flood events, indicating a strong importance of preferential flow for their transfer into the streams. Concentrations of the pork antiparasitic FBZ of up to 28.4 ng L-1 were observed during a small flood event in summer, which is 355 time the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) for fish.This thesis shows that high amounts of IVM can be mobilized from cow dung and transferred through and over soil at the plot-scale, despite the fact that IVM is generally considered immobile due to its hydrophobicity and therefore strong adsorption to the soil's organic matter. The highest mobilization of IVM was observed under the condition of intense precipitation on dry soil due to water repellency causing strong preferential flow (including OF). Preliminary results on the catchment scale suggest that this mechanism may as well be effective on this scale, despite the smaller amplitude of the hydrological response. An age tracking model reveals a high fraction of event water in the discharge at the Claduègne outlet during major flood events
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Pilbrow, Edward Neil. "Synthetic Aperture Sonar Micronavigation Using An Active Acoustic Beacon." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1226.
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Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) technology has rapidly progressed over the past few years with a number of commercial systems emerging. Such systems are typically based on an autonomous underwater vehicle platform containing multiple along-track receivers and an integrated inertial navigation system (INS) with Doppler velocity log aiding. While producing excellent images, blurring due to INS integration errors and medium fluctuations continues to limit long range, long run, image quality. This is particularly relevant in mine hunting, the main application for SAS, where it is critical to survey the greatest possible area in the shortest possible time, regardless of sea conditions. This thesis presents the simulation, design, construction, and sea trial results for a prototype "active beacon" and remote controller unit, to investigate the potential of such a device for estimating SAS platform motion and medium fluctuations. The beacon is deployed by hand in the area of interest and acts as an active point source with real-time data uploading and control performed by radio link. Operation is tightly integrated with the operation of the Acoustics Research Group KiwiSAS towed SAS, producing one-way and two-way time of flight (TOF) data for every ping by detecting the sonar chirps, time-stamping their arrival using a GPS receiver, and replying back at a different acoustic frequency after a fixed time delay. The high SNR of this reply signal, combined with the knowledge that it is produced by a single point source, provides advantages over passive point-like targets for SAS image processing. Stationary accuracies of < 2 mm RMS have been measured at ranges of up to 36m. This high accuracy allowed the beacon to be used in a separate study to characterise the medium fluctuation statistics in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand, using an indoor dive pool as a control. Probability density functions were fitted to the data then incorporated in SAS simulations to observe their effect on image quality. Results from recent sea trials in Lyttelton Harbour show the beacon TOF data, when used in a narrowband motion compensation (MOCOMP) process, provided improvements to the quality of SAS images centred on frequencies of 30 kHz and 100 kHz. This prototype uses simple matched-filtering algorithms for detection and while performing well under stationary conditions, the fluctuations caused by the narrow sonar transmit beam pattern (BP) and changing superposition of seabed multipath often cause dropouts and inaccurate detections during sea trials. An analysis of the BP effects and how the accuracy and robustness of the detection algorithms can be improved is presented. Overcoming these problems reliably is difficult without dedicated large scale testing facilities to allow conditions to be reproduced consistently.
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Shoda, Elizabeth Ann. "Impact of Binaural Beat Technology on Vigilance Task Performance, Psychological Stress and Mental Workload." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1374240120.
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Roßmann, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Tailor Made Functional Particles by means of Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) Processing : Maßgeschneiderte funktionale Partikel mittels überkritischem Antisolvent (SAS) Sprühverfahren / Matthias Roßmann." Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/108076335X/34.
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Nagy, Noémi. "Expression and function of the small immune adaptor protein SAP /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7357-029-X/.
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Ursell, Elizabeth. "Maternal diet and visceral yolk sac function during mouse development." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420232.
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Alyasin, Ghaza. "The architecture of function : Understanding House K at San Giovenale." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415058.
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Between 1961 and 1963 a large terraced Etruscan building on the southside of the Acropolis at the archaeological site of San Giovenale in Italy was excavated. The building, named House K, remained largely unpublished and unstudied throughout the years, leaving our picture of the ancient settlement at San Giovenale incomplete. This thesis aims to get a better understanding of the Etruscan architecture, settlement, culture, and society at San Giovenale, by doing an architectural analysis of the building of House K, using unpublished field journals, drawings, and photographs. By comparing the architecture of House K and any structural elements immediately connected with the building, to other structures at San Giovenale, as well as other Etruscan sites, this thesis set out to learn: what kind of structure House K is; what function it had; what its relative dating is; what role it played in the settlement at San Giovenale; and what it can tell us regarding the society and culture at San Giovenale. Using environment-behaviour relations and building archaeology, the study first examined the structural elements of House K, before comparing House K to other structures at San Giovenale built 700–400 BCE. Thereafter, the study looked at parallels outside of San Giovenale, looking at the sites of Acquarossa, Luni sul Mignone, Poggio Civitate, Cerveteri, Pyrgi, Montetosto, Vulci, and Narce. Finally, a discussion was had regarding the character and function of House K, whether it was public, private, sacred, or profane. In the course of the study, an architectural chronology of San Giovenale was established, which dated the construction date of House K to between c. 565 BCE and the late 6th century BCE. The interpretation of the function of House K that seems most probable is that it was a monumental building complex of administrative, political and/or religious significance, which probably also acted as a residence for the ruling elite at San Giovenale – in other words: a palazzo. House K being a palazzo would mean that there was a centralised authority at San Giovenale, suggesting that there was some sort of ruler or leader at the top of the social hierarchy, splitting the social division at San Giovenale further than it was previously believed to have been.
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Yildirim, Elif. "Counting And Constructing Boolean Functions With Particular Difference Distribution Vectors." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605182/index.pdf.
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In this thesis we deal with the Boolean functions with particular difference distribution vectors. Besides the main properties, we especially focus on strict avalanche criterion for cryptographic aspects. Not only we deal with known methods we also demonstrate some new methods for counting and constructing such functions.
Furthermore, performing some statistical tests, we observed a number of interesting properties.
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Jacobsen, Julius Octavius Bülow. "The SAP domain : a modular approach to protein structure and function." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605011.
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The domain is the conserved functional unit of proteins. Domains fold and function independently of each other with combinations of various domains allowing proteins of differing functions to be formed through evolution. A domain-based approach to structural genomics can afford maximum genomic and cross-genomic coverage due to this conservation of structure and function. In this study we have used this approach to probe the structure, folding and function of a newly defined domain- the SAP domain. SAP domains are found in many eukaryotic nuclear proteins involved in diverse nuclear processes. These range from transcriptional regulation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, DNA repair, pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA export to DNA replication and chromatin remodelling. SAP domain proteins are also implicated in retroviral integration of HIV, various leukaemias and juvenile arthritis. We have determined the solution structure of the domain, which we use as the basis for the project. The structure showed that the domain has a novel fold that revealed little in the way of functional information. Using spectroscopic and kinetic methods we probed the thermal stability of the domain and determined its folding rate in comparison to a structurally similar DNA-binding domain. We investigated the structural basis of DNA recognition by the domain and discovered that it had little sequence specificity and appeared to preferentially bind distorted DNA structures. From this data we propose a model for the mode of DNA binding by the domain. As a test of in vivo function proposed from the results of the in vitro work, we performed transient transfections of the SAP domain and a mutant fused to a fluorescent protein in cultured cells.
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Košata, Václav. "Srovnání řešení BI na bázi SaaS." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114272.
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The diploma thesis is focused on a specific way of distribution of Business Intelligence application on Software-as-a-Service base. A different concept opens a possibility for small and medium-size companies which cannot afford robust and expensive solution. The theoretical part provides an introduction with the basic characteristics of BI systems and cloud applications. Additionally, descriptions of the selected criteria are stated for a comparison of the specifics of applications delivered as a service. Integration, analytical and reporting functions Belladati, Zoho Reports and Bime are tested in a practical part of the thesis. The main chapter is devoted to solution product comparison, based on the selected criteria. The main asset of the work is to discover the strengths and weaknesses of each solutions found during the practical testing on the test data. The result of the comparison is not to find the best product, but to enhance the specific properties. The output can serve as a background material during cloud-based BI applications selection.
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Crockett, Mark T. "Target Motion Estimation Techniques for Single-Channel SAR." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4111.
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Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems are versatile, high-resolution radar imagers useful for providing detailed intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, especially when atmospheric conditions are non-ideal for optical imagers. However, moving targets in SAR images are smeared. Along-track interferometry is a commonly-used method for extracting the motion parameters of moving targets but requires a dual-aperture SAR system, which may be power- size- or cost-prohibitive. This thesis presents a method of estimating target motion parameters in single-channel SAR data given geometric target motion constraints. I test this method on both simulated and actual SAR data. This estimation method includes an initial estimate, computation of the SAR ambiguity function, and application of the target motion constraints to form a focused image of the moving target. The constraints are imposed by assuming that target motion is restricted to a road. Finally, I measure its performance by investigating the error introduced in the motion estimates using both simulated and actual data.
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Kohlmaier, Gregor. "Functional characterization of the SAS-4-related protein CPAP in centrosome biology of human cells /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=4491.
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Costantini, Isa. "Reconstruction régularisée et sans a-priori de l'activation cérébrale par IRMf." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4022.
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L'avènement de nouvelles techniques d'imagerie du cerveau comme l'IRM fonctionnelle (IRMf) au repos a conduit à la nécessité de nouvelles méthodes pour récupérer les activations fonctionnelles du cerveau sans connaissance du paradigme expérimental, comme dans l’IRMf basée sur tâche. Les méthodes conventionnelles, par example le modèle linéaire général, nécessitent la connaissance de la tâche pour pouvoir estimer la contribution du signal de chaque voxel à la tâche donnée. Pour surmonter ces limitations, des méthodes de déconvolution de la réponse dépendant du niveau d'oxygène dans le sang et de récupération des activations neurales sans avoir besoin d'informations préalables ont été proposées. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d'abord une technique de déconvolution avec une regularisation temporelle qui utilise un opérateur exponentiel, dont la forme et la performance peuvent être ajustées.Avec cette méthode, nous avons réduit le nombre de paramètres à régler par l'utilisateur, par rapport à l'état de l'art. Ensuite, nous avons introduit un algorithme de régularisation qui s'applique à l'image IRMf 4-D, agissant simultanément dans les dimensions spatiale et temporelle. La méthode est basée sur l'idée que les grandes variations de l'image doivent être préservées car elles se produisent lors d'une activation et les petites variations doivent être lissées pour éliminer le bruit. Elle permet de lisser l'image IRMf avec une régularisation anisotrope, récupérant ainsi aveuglément la localisation des activations cérébrales et leur durée. Les deux méthodes ont été testées sur des données synthétiques et réelles et ont démontré une amélioration des résultats de l'état de l'artThe advent of new brain imaging techniques such as resting-state functional MRI (fMRI), has led to the need for new approaches to recover brain functional activations without a prior knowledge on the experimental paradigm, as it was the case for task-fMRI. Conventional methods, i.e. the general linear model, requires the knowledge of the task paradigm to estimate the contribution of each voxel's time course to the given task. To overcome this limitation, approaches to deconvolve the blood-oxygen-leveldependent (BOLD) response and recover the underlying neural activations without necessity of prior information has been proposed. Supposing the brain activates in constant blocks, frst we propose a temporal regularized deconvolution technique which uses an exponential operator, whose shape and performance can be adjusted, into a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model solved via the Least-Angle Regression (LARS) algorithm. We reduced the number of parameters to be set by the user, when compared with the state of the art. Second, we introduce a paradigm-free regularization algorithm that applies on the 4-D fMRI image, acting simultaneously in the 3-D space and the 1-D time dimensions. The approach is based on the idea that large image variations should be preserved as they occur during an activation, whereas small variations should be smoothed to remove noise. It allows to smooth the whole fMRI image with an anisotropic regularization, thus blindly recovering the location of the brain activations in space and their timing and duration.Both approaches were tested on phantom and real data and were demonstrated to improve the results obtained in the state of the art
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Schatton, Tobias Franz Ioannis. "Role of ABCB5 in melanoma tumor stem cell function /." Würzburg, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000254042.
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Oehmer, Sebastian. "Valsartan and retinal endothelial function in elderly hypertensive patients /." Erlangen, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000254062.
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Kam, Yiu-wing. "Biochemical, functional and immunogenic characterisation of the SARS spike glycoprotein : implications for the development of a subunit vaccine /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557637.
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Ramani, Anand [Verfasser], Jay [Akademischer Betreuer] Gopalakrishnan, and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Klein. "Role of Sas-4/CPAP in building functional centrosomes and cilia / Anand Ramani ; Jay Gopalakrishnan, Thomas Klein." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200207106/34.
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Steiner, David. "Belief change functions for multi-agent systems /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000277034.
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Rütti, Sabine. "Role of lipoproteins on pancreatic islet cells survival, function and proliferation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000281161.
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Wild, Corinne. "Involvement of the ephrin-B2 ligand in spleen development and function /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000277025.
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Zhang, Haihan. "Ontogeny and biological function of epithelial cells in the chicken yolk sac and small intestine." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85351.
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The chicken yolk sac and small intestine are connected through the yolk stalk and share many biological similarities. During the embryonic stage, the extra-embryonic yolk sac helps the embryo to absorb nutrients primarily in the last two weeks of incubation. The chicken yolk sac physically moves yolk contents from the yolk sac to the small intestine at the end of embryogenesis. This is the time when the small intestine replaces the yolk sac in assimilating nutrients for the embryo and later for the posthatch chicken. Additionally, both chicken small intestinal epithelia and the yolk sac secrete beta defensins for promoting intestinal health. Since there are heterogeneous cell types along the mammalian intestinal villus, which are derived from the intestinal stem cells in the crypts, we investigated if cells of the chicken yolk sac and small intestine have the same ontogeny as mammalian intestinal epithelial cells. In this dissertation, we mainly focused on the spatial expression of nutrient transporters (PepT1 and SGLT1), intestinal stem cell markers (Lgr5 and Olfm4), and avian beta defensins in the chicken yolk sac and small intestine during the embryonic and early posthatch stages. RNAscope in situ hybridization was used to identify the distribution of cells expressing PepT1 mRNA in both the chicken yolk sac and small intestine. PepT1 mRNA was found to be expressed by epithelial cells in both the yolk sac and small intestine. In the yolk sac, PepT1 mRNA was uniformly distributed in each endodermal epithelial cell along the villus-like structure. The pattern of PepT1 mRNA expression observed in the chicken yolk sac during the last 10 days of incubation revealed that PepT1 mRNA was increased from e11 to e13, and decreased from e15 to day of hatch. The peak of PepT1 mRNA expression was between e13 and e15, when the yolk sac reaches maximum absorptive area and the growth of the chicken embryo is at its fastest rate. However, the expression of PepT1 mRNA in the intestine was only detected in columnar enterocytes along the villus and not in goblet cells or cells in the crypts. The immunofluorescence assay confirmed that PepT1 protein was located at the brush border membrane of the enterocytes and that protein expression of PepT1 was restricted to the intestinal epithelial cells from approximately the middle to the tip of the villus. In order to identify intestinal stem cells, we used the known mammalian stem cell markers, Lgr5 and Olfm4. Both Lgr5 and Olfm4 are specifically expressed by cells in the chicken intestinal crypts, suggesting that they can be used as biomarkers for chicken intestinal stem cells. Dual labelling of PepT1 and Olfm4 mRNA on the same chicken intestinal sample revealed that there was a gap between PepT1-expressing enterocytes and Olfm4-expressing intestinal stem cells. The cells in this gap were presumably transit amplifying (TA) cells. Additionally, we also found that the TA cell zone along the intestinal villus was reduced during chicken growth. This TA cell population could be clearly detected at day of hatch and d1 posthatch but not later. The expression of SGLT1 mRNA was localized to yolk sac endodermal epithelial cells and showed a sharp increase at the end of incubation. This increase of SGLT1 mRNA coincided with the increase in glucose in the yolk, indicating that the chicken embryo needs glucose as energy for hatching. The mRNA expression profiles of various avian beta defensins have been examined by qPCR and in situ hybridization to investigate the immune function of the yolk sac and small intestine. We found that AvBD10 mRNA showed the highest expression level in the yolk sac and was expressed predominantly in the yolk sac endodermal epithelial cells. Additionally, the expression of AvBD10 mRNA showed a development-specific pattern, which increased from e9 to e11, and decreased from e13 towards day of hatch. The expression patterns of AvBD1, 2, and 7 mRNA were similar to each other. These three genes were found to be expressed by chicken heterophils distributed in the yolk sac blood islands and small intestinal blood vessels. Only a subset of heterophils, which might be activated, were able to express AvBD1, 2, and 7 mRNA. In the intestine, the expression of AvBD10 mRNA was localized to cells along the villus at e19 and day of hatch, but later to only a few cells located above the intestinal crypts. In summary, the endodermal epithelial cells are responsible for the absorptive and immune functions of the chicken yolk sac. The yolk sac mesoderm is critical for embryonic hematopoiesis and innate immunity. The chicken small intestinal epithelial cells are derived from the intestinal stem cells in the crypts. These epithelial cells have different cell types, which are functioning to absorb nutrients and secrete antimicrobial peptides.Ph. D.
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Kam, Yiu-wing, and 甘曜榮. "Biochemical, functional and immunogenic characterisation of the SARS spike glycoprotein: implications for thedevelopment of a subunit vaccine." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39557637.
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Wang, Wooi Koon. "Biophysical and functional studies of SAM Domain of human p73α." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621141.
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Garcia, Chaparro Bayron. "Reactive compatibilization of poly(styrene-ran-acrylonitrile)(SAN) / poly(ethylene) blends using thiol and epoxy functional SAN." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123284.
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Well-defined styrene/acrylonitrile (SAN) statistical copolymers with thiol functionality were synthesized for use as a barrier material when melt-blended with epoxy grafted poly(ethylene) (E-PE). SAN was synthesized via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution, using dibenzyl trithiocarbonate (DBTC) as chain transfer agent (CTA) and 2, 2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) as initiator. Typically, SAN copolymers exhibited relatively narrow molecular weight distribution with number average molecular weights (M ̅_n) of 31.4-37.6 kg•mol-1 (M ̅_w/M ̅_n (PDI) = 1.3-1.4) and a sufficiently high acrylonitrile (AN) incorporation for barrier properties (35-40 mol.%). The trithiocarbonate-containing SAN was reacted post-polymerization via an aminolysis reaction to yield thiol end-functional SAN (SH-SAN). SH-SAN was melt-blended with both E-PE and non-functional poly(ethylene) (PE) in a miniature twin screw extruder at 20 wt.% loading at 180ºC. The SAN dispersed phase morphology of the blend was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and consisted of droplets with volume to surface average diameter (〈D〉sv) of 1.3 μm for the reactive E-PE/SH-SAN (80/20 wt.%) blend and 3.8 μm for the non-reactive PE/SH-SAN. For the reactive blend, the dispersed SAN droplets coarsened to 〈D〉sv = 2.5 μm, however the droplets remained smaller than the droplets from the SH-SAN/PE blend (〈D〉sv = 3.9 μm). The dispersed SAN domains were reoriented using a channel die to impart elongated domains which would be desirable for barrier materials.Epoxy grafted SAN (E-SAN) was also synthesized by the terpolymerization of AN, styrene (ST), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) via RAFT in DMF solution, using DBTC as CTA and AIBN as initiator. Three E-SAN terpolymers were synthesized at GMA loadings of 5, 10 and 20 mol.% with M ̅_ns ranging from 34.8-38.3 kg•mol-1, PDI =1.4-1.5 and final AN compositions from 29-40 mol.%.Des copolymères de styrène-acrylonitrile (SAN) bien définis avec des fonctionnalités de thiol ont été synthétisés pour être utilisés comme matériau format une barrière lorsque mélangé au dessus de leur point fusion avec du poly(éthylène) greffé d'époxy (E-PE). Le SAN a été synthétisé via une polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par transfert de chaîne réversible par addition-fragmentation (RAFT) dans une solution de diméthylformamide (DMF), en utilisant du dibenzyle trithiocarbonate (DBTC) comme agent de transfert de chaîne (CTA) et 2,2'-azo-bis(isobutyronitrile (AIBN) comme initiateur. Typiquement, les copolymères de type SAN présentent une distribution de masse moléculaire relativement étroite avec une moyenne en nombre de (M ̅_n) de 31.4-37.6 kg•mol-1 (M ̅_w/M ̅_n (PDI) = 1.3-1.4) et suffisamment élevé acrylonitrile (AN) constitution pour les applications de barrières (35-40 %.mol). Une réaction aminolyse induite post-polymérisation SAN avec trithiocarbonate a résulté en SAN avec des groupes thiol fonctionnels aux extrémités (SH-SAN). SH-SAN a été mélangé au dessus de son point de fusion avec à la fois E-PE et du poly(éthylène) (PE) non fonctionnel dans une extrudeuse miniature à double vis (20% m/m à 180ºC). La morphologie de phase dispersée (SAN) du mélange a été caractérisé en utilisant un microscope électronique à balayage, donnant des gouttelettes avec un diamètre moyen (ratio volume à surface) (〈D〉sv) de 1.3 um pour le mélange réactif E-PE/SH-SAN (80/20% m/m) et 3.8 um pour non réactif PE/SH-SAN. Pour le mélange réactif, le diamètre des gouttelettes de SAN dispersées a augmenté à 〈D〉sv = 2.5um, en demeurant toutefois inférieur à celui des gouttelettes du mélange SH-SAN/PE (〈D〉sv = 3.9 μm). Les gouttelettes de SAN ont été réorientées en utilisant une matrice de manière à leur donner une forme allongée, désirable pour des matériaux de barrière.Le SAN greffé d'époxy (E-SAN) a été synthétisé par terpolymérisation de AN, styrène (ST) et méthacrylate de glycidyle (GMA) via RAFT dans une solution de DMF, en utilisant DBTC comme CTA et AIBN comme initiateur. Trois terpolymères de E-SAN étaient synthétisé à GMA compositions de 5,10 en 20 mol.% avec M ̅_ns allant de 34.8-38.3 kg•mol-1, PDI = 1.4-1.5 et une composition finale de AN de 29-40 %.mol.
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Elbaz, Saban Esther. "Anneaux de Grothendieck en théorie des modèles." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC079.
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L'anneau de Grothendieck d'une structure a été défini par Tom Scanlon et Jan Krajicek d'une part, et François Loeser et Jan Dnf d'autre part. Il est obtenuà partir des ensembles définissables et des deux opérations d'union disjointe et de produit cartésien, en identifiant deux ensembles en bijection définissable.En nous appuyant sur des techniques mêlant topologie et combinatoire, nous montrons dans cette thèse, que les anneaux Z×Z, Z, Z[X], Z/NZ et (Z/NZ)[X] (pour N ∈ Z+) peuvent s'obtenir comme anneaux de Grothendieck de certaines structures.Dans une première partie, après avoir rappelé la construction des anneaux de Grothendieck et donné un bref aperçu de ceux déjà connus, nous préciserons le cadre d'application des techniques mises en œuvre dans les chapitres suivant.La deuxième partie est consacrée au calcul explicite de certains anneaux de Grothendieck.Nous montrons d'abord que Z×Z est l'anneau de Grothendieck des fonctions de paires sans cycles.Dans les chapitres suivants, nous proposons pour chaque anneau préalablement choisi une structure qui l'admette comme anneau de GrothendieckThe notion of Grothendieck ring of a structure has been introduced by Tom Scanlon et Jan Krajicek on the one hand. François Loeser and Jan Dnf on the other hand.This ring is obtained from the definable sets and from the operation of disjoint unions and cartesian product, by identifying the definable sets which are in definable bijection.By using thechnics involving topoligal ideas and combinatorics, we show thaht the rings Z×Z, Z, Z[X], Z/NZ et (Z/NZ)[X] (for N ∈ Z+) are the Grothendieck ring of some structures.In particular, Z×Z is the Grothendieck ring of the pairing function with no cycles.As for the other rings, we build construction specially designed to admit as Grothendick ring, the ring prealably chosen
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Gill, Navjot. "Long-term functional and neuropsychological outcomes of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) survivors." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/6879.
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Stroke is the second commonest cause of death worldwide and the most frequent cause of disability in adults. Although Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (SAH) accounts for a small percentage of stroke, it impacts people at a younger age and with debilitating consequences, in the areas of mood, functioning and cognitive deficits which may persist for years after the SAH. However, very little research has been done to examine the long-term (beyond 1-3 years) outcomes of SAH. Furthermore, previous studies have not been population based, nor have they examined the impact of long-term cognitive outcomes using a battery of neuropsychological tests. The current population based study examined long-term neuropsychological and functional outcomes of SAH survivors (n=27). A control group (n=26) matched on age, gender and ethnicity was used to compare the mood, functional (i.e., disability, handicap, quality of life) and neuropsychological outcomes (i.e., verbal memory, visual memory, executive functioning, language, processing speed and visuoperceptual abilities) of SAH survivors. As compared to the controls, the SAH group was more depressed and was significantly impaired in the areas of disability, handicap, quality of life; particularly in the areas of mental health with females reporting poor mental health than males within the SAH group. Furthermore, the SAH group had significant deficits across cognitive domains (i.e., language, memory, visuoperceptual abilities, executive functioning/attention and information processing) when compared to controls. Although impairments were noted at 5-years post-SAH, over time (i.e., from acute stage) significant improvement had occurred in the areas of functioning (i.e., disability, health related quality of life and well-being) of SAH survivors. Depressed mood and baseline functioning were related to worse functional outcomes at 5-years post-SAH. Whilst poor cognitive functioning impacted the long-term functional outcomes of SAH survivors only, visual memory and language were found to independently relate to worse functional outcomes of SAH-survivors. The finding that long-term neuropsychological impairment in SAH-survivors is independently associated with the functional outcomes at 5-years post-SAH provides a new direction for the rehabilitation efforts which have traditionally focussed on physical functioning and activities of daily living. Thus, these findings are of relevance to clinicians to help them understand the expected cognitive deficits and their potential to impact on wider functional outcomes of SAH survivors, thereby allowing the clinicians to plan appropriate interventions for rehabilitations.
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Winkler, Joseph W. "An Investigation into Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) Using a Single-Channel Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3555.
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Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) was originally designed as an airborne ground-imaging radar technology. But it has long been desired to also be able to use SAR imaging systems to detect, locate, and track moving ground targets, a process called Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI). Unfortunately, due to the nature of how SAR works, it is inherently poorly suited to the task of GMTI. SAR only focuses targets and image features that remain stationary during the data collection. A moving ground target therefore does not focus in a conventional SAR image, which complicates the process of performing GMTI with SAR systems. This thesis investigates the feasibility of performing GMTI with single-channel, unsquinted, broadside stripmap SAR despite this inherent limitation. This study focuses solely on the idealized case of direct energy returns from point targets on flat ground, where they and the airborne radar platform all move rectilinearly with constant speed. First, the various aspects of how SAR works, the signal processing used to collect the SAR data, and the backprojection image formation algorithm are explained. The effects of target motion are described and illustrated in actual and simulated SAR images. It is shown how the backprojection (BPJ) algorithm, typically used to image a stationary landscape scene, can also focus on moving targets when the target motion is known a priori. A SAR BPJ ambiguity function is also derived and presented. Next, the time-changing geometry between the airborne radar and a ground target is mathematically analyzed, and it is shown that the slant range between the radar and any ground target, moving or stationary, is a hyperbolic function of time. It is then shown that this hyperbolic range history causes the single-channel SAR GMTI problem to be underdetermined. Finally, a method is then presented for resolving the underdetermined nature of the problem. This is done by constraining a target's GMTI solution using contextual information in the SAR image. Using constraining information, a theoretical way is presented to perform limited GMTI with a single-channel SAR system by using a modified form of the BPJ imaging algorithm, and practical considerations are addressed that complicate the process. Instead of focusing on stationary pixels, this GMTI method uses the BPJ ambiguity function to search for moving targets on a straight path, such as a road, by performing matched filtering on a collection of moving pixels in a position-velocity image space. Nevertheless, it is concluded that for moving point targets, general GMTI with no path constraints is infeasible in practice with a single-channel SAR.
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Goswami, Luna. "Enzymatic modification of wood cell walls and its influence on material properties and function /." Berlin, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000256289.
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Engleman, Heather M. "Daytime function after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534254.
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The sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) is characterised by obstruction of the airway during sleep, resulting in repetitive nocturnal breathing pauses, which provoke both oxygen desaturations and arousals from sleep. SAHS is associated with daytime deficits of excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive impairment and psychological distress, probably as a result of these nocturnal events. The treatment of choice for SAHS is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, a mechanical treatment in which positive airstream pressure is administered to the upper airway through a nasal mask, splinting the airway open and preventing the nocturnal events of SAHS. A limited number of small clinical studies have indicated improvements in daytime function following CPAP therapy, but these have not been well-controlled, particularly in the area of cognitive performance. This thesis contributes controlled studies to the knowledge-base describing CPAP's effects on daytime function. A pilot study employing a parallel-group design in 37 patients showed improvements in objective daytime sleepiness and psychological distress with CPAP, but not cognitive function. This null finding however might have resulted from inter-individual variability. To rectify this, a randomised placebo-controlled crossover study of daytime function on CPAP and on an oral placebo was conducted in 64 patients with a wide range of severity of SAHS. This study showed CPAP-related improvement in symptoms, objective and subjective daytime sleepiness, cognitive performance and well-being. The use of balanced treatment order within a subgroup of 16 patients with mild SAHS (apnoea+hypopnoea index 5 to 14.9) allowed investigation of the minimum illness severity at which daytime benefits from CPAP are observed. Such mild patients demonstrated improvements in symptom score, cognitive performance and psychological distress on CPAP. Although the minimum illness severity meriting CPAP treatment has not been well defined, these data support the efficacy of CPAP at the lowest severity range of SAHS. A randomised study of auditory evoked potentials in 18 patients showed trends only towards improved neurophysiological function after CPAP, and a randomised crossover study of ambulatory blood pressure in 13 patients showed reduced blood pressure on CPAP only in a subgroup of patients who lacked significant dipping of nocturnal blood pressure. The nocturnal determinants of daytime dysfunction in SAHS were explored by correlating factors extracted from polysomnographic and daytime function variables. The principal component extracted from the polysomnographic variables was found to correlate significantly with daytime sleepiness and with intellectual function, corroborating weak or moderate associations between the severity of nocturnal events and daytime deficits. Patients' perceptions of benefit from CPAP, and their self-reported driving competence, were examined in a survey of 215 CPAP users. Patients reported wide-ranging improvements in nocturnal and daytime symptoms of SAHS, and showed a significant improvement in mileage adjusted rates of road traffic incidents following CPAP. Although side-effects of CPAP were common, these were minor in nature. Thus patients' reports corroborated the daytime benefits from CPAP documented in the project's controlled studies. The studies of this thesis demonstrated objective and subjective improvements in symptoms, daytime sleepiness, cognitive performance and well-being in SAHS patients treated with CPAP.
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Milka, Bubalo-Živković. "Савремене географске функције Новог Сада и његово гравитационо подручје." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2003. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=16726&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Нови Сад је смештен на левој обали Дунава, на супротној страни од Петроварадинске тврђаве, на три геоморфолошка елемента - инундационој равни, алувијалној тераси и лесној тераси. Повољан географски положај, природни и друштвени фактори Новог Сада имали су велики значај у одређивању његових функција у време настајања, као и у првим фазама развоја. Свака фаза у развоју Новог Сада је остављала траг, сем у функцијама, и у демографској и морфолошкој структури града. Промене значаја појединих функција у граду имале су за последицу и повећање броја становника. У периоду од 1869. до 2002. године становништво је увећано девет пута. Повећање је у највећој мери последица досељавања. Овакав демографски ток је довео до градње станова и до јачања стамбене функције у граду. Новосадске функције имају велики утицај на становништво ближе и даље околине. Утицај новосадских функција делује као pull фактор и доводи до промене природне, механичке и економске структуре насеља. Ове промене нису једнаке за сва насеља, тако да се формира гравитационо подручје са три гравитационе зоне. Као последица утицаја Новог Сада и глобалне ситуације у земљи долази до промена функцијских типова насеља у гравитационом подручју.Novi Sad je smešten na levoj obali Dunava, na suprotnoj strani od Petrovaradinske tvrđave, na tri geomorfološka elementa - inundacionoj ravni, aluvijalnoj terasi i lesnoj terasi. Povoljan geografski položaj, prirodni i društveni faktori Novog Sada imali su veliki značaj u određivanju njegovih funkcija u vreme nastajanja, kao i u prvim fazama razvoja. Svaka faza u razvoju Novog Sada je ostavljala trag, sem u funkcijama, i u demografskoj i morfološkoj strukturi grada. Promene značaja pojedinih funkcija u gradu imale su za posledicu i povećanje broja stanovnika. U periodu od 1869. do 2002. godine stanovništvo je uvećano devet puta. Povećanje je u najvećoj meri posledica doseljavanja. Ovakav demografski tok je doveo do gradnje stanova i do jačanja stambene funkcije u gradu. Novosadske funkcije imaju veliki uticaj na stanovništvo bliže i dalje okoline. Uticaj novosadskih funkcija deluje kao pull faktor i dovodi do promene prirodne, mehaničke i ekonomske strukture naselja. Ove promene nisu jednake za sva naselja, tako da se formira gravitaciono područje sa tri gravitacione zone. Kao posledica uticaja Novog Sada i globalne situacije u zemlji dolazi do promena funkcijskih tipova naselja u gravitacionom području.
Novi Sad placed on the left side of the shore of Danube, on contrary side of Petrovaradin's fortress, at three geomorphologic elements: inundation ravine, alluvial terace and loess terrace. Great importance for destiny functions of Novi Sad has had its good geographic situation natural and social factors. For development of Novi Sad have had great importance the phase of development. Each phase have left a trace in functions, in demographic and in morphologic structure of the city. The change of importance individual functions in the city influenced on the increase of number population. In the period 1869-2002 year population in advanced nine times. Immigration influenced on the increase number of flat and on the strengthening housing function in Novi Sad. Functions of Novi Sad influence on population in surroundings settlements. Functions of Novi Sad effect like pull factor and change natural, mechanical and economic structure of population this settlements in surroundings. This change isnt same on all settlements, because Novi Sad have had gravitation area with three gravitation zones. As result of Novi Sad and situation in the state is change functional type of settlement in gravitation area in Novi Sad.
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Gallagher, Nicola T. "Structure and Function of Salivary Reservoirs of the Eastern Subterranean Termite, Reticulitermes flavipes(Kollar)." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282067420.
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Herrmann, Mareike Verfasser], and Eva [Akademischer Betreuer] [Brand. "Analysis of sAC expression and function as a co-factor of CREB / Mareike Herrmann. Betreuer: Eva Brand." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027021654/34.
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Herrmann, Mareike [Verfasser], and Eva [Akademischer Betreuer] Brand. "Analysis of sAC expression and function as a co-factor of CREB / Mareike Herrmann. Betreuer: Eva Brand." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027021654/34.
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De, Rycker Manu. "Characterization of Tankyrase Structure & Function; Evidence for a Role as a Master Scaffolding Protein." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1102619078.
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Fourie, Albert Roeloff. "Transfer pricing : the compliance of the distribution functions of RHI Refractories Africa with SARS legislation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50670.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Governments do not want their tax collection to be affected by multinational companies that make use of distorted pricing models in order to maximize profits. For this reason Governments everywhere are implementing strict transfer pricing policies. These policies are mainly based on the OECD Guidelines with respect to transfer pricing. On the other hand, multinational companies do not want to be exposed to double taxation. The South African government also introduced regulations with respect to transfer prices set by multinational companies. Section 31 of the Income Tax Act 58, 1962, deals specifically with the issue of transfer pricing. This is fully explained in Practice Note 7 of SARS. RHI Refractories Africa, as part of the multinational company RHI-Ag, has to comply with SARS legislation. RHI Refractories Africa purchase many materials and products from the parent company for resale in the local market. The SEN is one such product and was selected for evaluation. This study found, after evaluation of the functions performed by RHI Refractories Africa and evaluating all the various preferred methods, the Resale Price Method (RPM) to be the most appropriate method to be used in the evaluation of the status of RHI Refractories Africa with respect to compliance with current SARS legislation. The gross margins eamed by RHI Refractories Africa on the sale of TYK and THOR SENs were compared. It was found that the gross margins earned on the sale of THOR SENs in the controlled transaction were actually higher than those earned in the uncontrolled transaction with TYK. The conclusion of this study is that RHI Refractories Africa does comply with current SARS legislation as measured against the guidelines of Practice Note 7 from SARS. This study further proposes that RHI Refractories Africa evaluate and document the process followed for all the inter-company transactions in order to ensure full compliance with SARS legislation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Regerings wil verhoed dat die belasting basis verklein word deur multinasionale maatskappye wat gebruik maak van prys modelIe wat daarop gemik is om belasting te ontduik en sodoende die marges van die maaskappye te verhoog. Vir die rede implimenteer regerings strenger maatreels om te verseker dat oordrag pryse markverwant is en bly. Die riglyne soos voorgestel deur die OECD word meestal as basis gebruik vir die opstel van lokale wetgewing. Terselfdertyd wil multinasionale maatskapye ook nie dubbele belasting betaal nie. Die Suid Afrikaanse regering het wetgewing daar gestel as deeI van Seksie 31 van die Inkomste Belasting Wet 58, 1962, wat spesifiek handel met oordrag pryse. Die wetgewing word verder verduidelik in Praktiese Nota 7. RHI Refractories Africa, as deeI van die multinasionale maatskapy RHI-Ag, moet voldoen aan SARS wetgewing. RHI Refractories Africa koop 'n verskeidenheid van materiale en produkte van die moeder-maatskapy vir herverkoop in die lokale mark. Die SEN is een so 'n produk en is gekies vir evaluasie. Die funksies wat RHI Refractories Afrika uitvoer ten opsigte van die verkoop van SENs is ten volle ondersoek. Die verskillende metodes vir evaluering van die oordrag prys soos voorgestel deur SARS is ook ondersoek en daar is gevind dat die Herverkoop Prys Model (RPM) die mees geskikte model is vir RHI Refractories Africa om te gebruik in die evaluering van die verkoop van SENs. Die bruto marge wat RHI Refractories Africa behaal met die verkoop van TYK en THOR SENs is vergelyk. Daar is gevind dat die bruto marge wat behaal is met THOR SENs, as deel van die beheerde transaksie, in werklikheid groter is as die wat met TYK SENs in die onbeheerde transaksie behaal is. Die konklusie van die studie is dat RHI Refractories Africa wel voldoen aan die vereistes daar gestel deur SARS soos gemeet aan die riglyne van Praktiese Nota 7. Die studie stel voor dat RHI Refractories Africa al die intermaatskaplike transaksies evalueer aan die hand van die SARS riglyne om te verseker dat daar ten volle voldoen word aan die vereistes van SARS.
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Chlíbek, Lukáš. "Návrh výfukového potrubí pro vůz Formule SAE." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228025.
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Diploma thesis is bent on engineering design exhaust manifold for motor Formula SAE. Drive unit is here used atmospheric water-cooled gas- engine from motorcycle Yamaha YZF R6, 2005 model year. The design of the exhaust manifold is drawn to fulfil Formula SAE conditions.
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Hussainkhel, Angela. "Understanding the functional of SAM and SH3 domain containing adaptor protein 1, SASH1." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42920.
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TLR4 is the most extensively studied of TLR pathways in innate immune signaling that provides the first line of defense against invading pathogens. SASH1, a large protein composed of SAM and SH3 domain, is a novel positive regulator of the pathway in endothelial cells. SASH1 acts as a scaffold protein in the TLR4 pathway by independently binding TRAF6/TAK1/ IKKβ/IKKα and regulating TRAF6 and TAK1 ubiquitination leading to LPS-induced activation of NF-κB resulting in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. To investigate SASH1 in vivo function, SASH1 gene-trap mice were generated. These mice have a β-galactosidase reportor construct inserted into intron 14-15 resulting in a truncation of the SH3 domain, and thereby loss of the two SAM domains and TRAF6 binding motif. However, SASH1 gene-trap mice do not provide any viable homozygous adults . X-gal staining of the heterozygous SASH1 adult tissues demonstrated SASH1 transcripts to be predominantly expressed in microvascular endothelium. This thesis is the continuation of the above findings to further characterize the role of SASH1 in vitro and in vivo. Work presented here confirms the role of SASH1 as a positive regulator of the TLR4 pathway by promoting activation of NF-κB. SASH1 does not interact with the E2 ligases and IKKγ. These results further elucidate a model for SASH1 in the TLR4 pathway where the E2 ligases and IKKγ are incorporated into a complex through interaction with proteins that are assembled by SASH1 to promote the downstream signaling. SASH1 homozygous gene-trap mice die in the perinatal period and preliminary analysis shows the lung as the potential organ being affected by SASH1 disruption. Homozygous gene-trap lungs appear deflated, sink in PBS and have smaller airways compared to wild-type control. However, morphometric analysis of the lung is still required to conclusively define a lung defect. In addition, I generated SASH1-floxed embryonic stem cells to be used for generating mice with a conditionally targeted allele of SASH1 in endothelial cells to study the role of SASH1 in the endothelial response to LPS in TLR4 signaling in vivo, hence contributing to the field of innate immune signaling.
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Niemelä, P. (Petri). "Dynamic functional end-to-end testing in the case of SAP e-commerce." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201504171406.
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Software testing is an important part of software development projects. As the role of information technology (IT) becomes bigger and bigger in our everyday activities, it is clear that business operations and human well-being are dependent on information systems. To efficiently operate and run a business, companies reflect their processes to IT systems. A business process can cover many different organizational units, both in real life and in the IT system. Organizational units can have their own separate IT system modules implemented, and data flows from module to module via interfaces. To ensure the correct functionality of the business process, end-to-end testing of the complete process across the IT systems is required. With the advancement of technology, it has been a trend to replace human work with machines. Same applies to software testing, where repetitive testing tasks and otherwise manually unfeasible test activities are automated to be run by a machine. To achieve this, a test automation tool needs to be able to simulate real usage in the system under test. As systems consist of multiple modules and technologies, it is a challenge for the test tool to support such a technical variety. In many companies, such a heterogeneous system landscape includes software implemented by SAP AG, one of the world’s largest software manufacturers. This work presents an end-to-end business process test automation library for an SAP e-commerce environment. The test library enables to extend the normal test automation of a web shop to cover the back-end processing of the SAP system as well. This is achieved by building a test library on top of SAP’s communication methods. The test library is driven from a common keyword-driven test automation framework, Robot Framework. In this work, the related research and technologies for the implementation are discussed and presented. The design is demonstrated, and the implementation process is described in detail. Other known approaches to SAP test automation are introduced, and when compared, no other similar test tools were found available with such ease of operational deployment. Test results and live project usage of the test library show that the library works as expected. The performance is also promising, not having a noticeable impact on the total test execution duration. There are a lot of future development possibilities to further extend the usage of the test library in SAP test automationOhjelmistotestaus on tärkeä osa ohjelmistokehitysprojekteja. Tietotekniikan roolin kasvaessa päivittäisessä asioinnissa on selvää, että liiketoiminta sekä ihmisten hyvinvointi ovat riippuvaisia informaatiojärjestelmistä. Yritykset heijastavat liiketoimintaprosessinsa tietojärjestelmiin tehostaakseen liiketoiminnan harjoittamista. Yksi liiketoimintaprosessi voi kulkea usean eri organisaatioyksikön läpi, sekä tosielämässä että IT-järjestelmässä. Organisaatioyksiköillä voi olla erilliset IT-järjestelmämoduulit toteutettuina, ja tieto välittyy moduulien välillä rajapintojen kautta. Liiketoimintaprosessi on testattava päästä päähän koko informaatiojärjestelmässä oikean toiminnallisuuden varmistamiseksi. Tekniikan kehittyessä suuntauksena on ollut ihmistyön korvaaminen koneilla. Sama pätee myös ohjelmistotestaukseen, jossa toistuvat testaustehtävät sekä muutoin manuaalisesti toteuttamiskelvottomat testausaktiviteetit automatisoidaan koneella suoritettavaksi. Tämän saavuttamiseksi testiautomaatiotyökalun on pystyttävä simuloimaan oikeaa käyttöä testattavassa järjestelmässä. Järjestelmät koostuvat useista moduuleista sekä teknologioista, joten on haaste saada testiautomaatiotyökalut tukemaan järjestelmien teknistä vaihtelevuutta. Monissa yrityksissä teknisesti heterogeeninen järjestelmäympäristö sisältää ohjelmistoa, jonka toimittaja on SAP AG, yksi maailman suurimmista ohjelmistovalmistajista. Tämä työ esittelee liiketoimintaprosessien päästä päähän testaukseen suunnatun testiautomaatiokirjaston SAP:n verkkokauppaympäristöille. Testiautomaatiokirjasto mahdollistaa normaalin verkkokaupan testiautomaation kattavuuden ylettymään myös SAP:n taustajärjestelmään. Tämä saavutetaan kehittämällä testikirjasto SAP:n kommunikaatiomenetelmiin perustuen. Testiautomaatiokirjastoa suoritetaan avainsanaohjautuvalla Robot Framework -testiautomaatiokehyksellä. Tässä työssä esitellään aiheeseen liittyvää tutkimusta sekä teknologiaa. Testiautomaatiokirjaston suunnittelu esitellään, sekä toteutus kuvataan yksityiskohtaisesti. Muita tunnettuja lähestymistapoja SAP:n testiautomaatioon esitellään. Kirjallisuuskatsauksessa ei löydetty vastaavaa ratkaisua, joka olisi yhtä vähäisellä vaivalla saatu operatiiviseen käyttöön. Testitulokset ja tuotannollinen projektikäyttö osoittavat, että testiautomaatiokirjasto toimii kuten odotettu. Suorituskyky on myös lupaava, eikä automaatiotestien kokonaiskestoon nähty merkittävää hidastusta. Testiautomaatiokirjastolle on paljon tulevaisuuden kehitysmahdollisuuksia, joilla kirjaston käyttöä SAP:n testiautomaatiossa voidaan laajentaa
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Bru, Rodrigo José Brasil Wanda. "Avaliação mecanica de superfícies do aço SAE 4144 /." oai:ufpr.br:234182, 2006. http://200.17.209.5:8000/cgi-bin/gw_42_13/chameleon.42.13a?host=localhost%201111%20DEFAULT&sessionid=VTLS&function=CARDSCR&search=KEYWORD&pos=1&u1=12101&t1=234182.
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Orientadora : Ana Sofia Clímaco Monteiro D'OliveiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica. Defesa: Curitiba, 2006
Inclui bibliografia
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Olma, Michael Hans Adam. "Functional analysis of human Cullin 4-based ubiquitin ligases /." Zürich : ETH, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000265867.
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Luisier, Samuel. "Screening the structural and functional properties of Bicyclo-DNA /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000286558.
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Ryser, Manuel. "Photonics for the functional monitoring of ciliated airway epithelia /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000288122.
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Große, Philipp, Norman May, and Wolfgang Lehner. "A Study of Partitioning and Parallel UDF Execution with the SAP HANA Database." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-144026.
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Large-scale data analysis relies on custom code both for preparing the data for analysis as well as for the core analysis algorithms. The map-reduce framework offers a simple model to parallelize custom code, but it does not integrate well with relational databases. Likewise, the literature on optimizing queries in relational databases has largely ignored user-defined functions (UDFs). In this paper, we discuss annotations for user-defined functions that facilitate optimizations that both consider relational operators and UDFs. We believe this to be the superior approach compared to just linking map-reduce evaluation to a relational database because it enables a broader range of optimizations. In this paper we focus on optimizations that enable the parallel execution of relational operators and UDFs for a number of typical patterns. A study on real-world data investigates the opportunities for parallelization of complex data flows containing both relational operators and UDFs.
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Johnston, Karla Gai. "Defining the nature and outcomes of Australian professional supervision : applying Holloway's systems approach." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16383/.
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The goal of this thesis was to define the nature and outcomes of Australian professional supervision by applying Holloway's (1995) Systems Approach to Supervision (SAS) across professional groups. Many Australian professionals such as psychologists, counsellors, and accountants are required to participate in some form of supervision before being granted permission, via registration, to practice independently within their respective fields. This is the first study of its kind to investigate the supervision experience of a range of professional groups within Australia. The SAS model (Holloway, 1995) provided a well-researched theoretical and practical framework with the potential to be applied across professional groups for the purposes of developing, evaluating and enhancing supervisor and supervisee practice. Based on the model, Holloway proposed a number of teaching tasks and functions in a matrix to explain the process of supervision and to assist in the professional and personal development of supervisees. To date, most of the literature on professional supervision has failed to provide a theoretical framework from which results could be meaningfully interpreted. This thesis outlines a program of research which used the SAS model as a theoretical basis for understanding and evaluating the experience of supervision amongst a range of Australian professional and its relationship to effective professional practice. Four studies were conducted in accordance with Mackenzie and House's (1979) Model of Scientific Inquiry. The first study (Study One) was exploratory in nature, and aimed to define the term "supervision" and the anticipated outcomes of supervision activities. The second study (Study Two) was also exploratory in nature, and aimed to evaluate the modes of supervision delivery as well as to collect information regarding the key tasks and functions utilised in professional supervision. The third study (Study Three) was empirical in nature, and investigated the supervision experience of psychologists engaged in supervision in accordance with the SAS model (Holloway, 1995). It longitudinally tracked their performance over a 12-month period as evaluated by both their supervisors and work managers. The fourth study (Study Four) was confirmatory in nature, and was the same as the third study but comprised a different sample of business and accounting (who were not Certified Public Accountants) graduates. The four studies consisted of four separate samples surveyed with self-report measures developed from the SAS model (Holloway, 1995) by the researcher. Study One comprised a sample of 210 supervisor-supervisee dyads. Professional groups in this sample were psychologists, counsellors, nurses, occupational therapists, financial advisors, business consultants, and accountants (without CPA) all of whom were participating in a supervision process. Study Two comprised a total of 200 supervisees broken down into four groups of 50. The professional types included in this sample were psychologists, counsellors, nurses and business consultants and accountants (without a CPA). Study Three comprised 513 supervisees who were participating in supervision as part of the criteria to become fully registered psychologists. Study Four included 480 business consultants and accountants (without CPA) who were in the early years of their career and were participating in supervision as part of their professional development. The central aims of the supervision experience, according to supervisees and supervisors, were to develop skills in counselling, case experience, professional experience, emotional awareness, the ability to self-evaluate and network. The six reported outcomes of supervision were that professional supervision enhanced supervisees' ability to self-evaluate, gain academic knowledge, become emotionally aware, develop profession networks, develop both professional and work skills and to build on relationship skills. The findings supported and extended the SAS model (Holloway, 1995) by adding the tasks of academic knowledge and networking. The definition of supervision found in this research program also supported and built on the definitions already provided in the literature. There was considerable support for the SAS model's matrix in that particular supervision functions employed to teach certain supervision tasks were more effective than others. For example, on the one hand, to teach a supervisee the skill of emotional awareness, a supervisor is best advised to take a supportive/sharing approach. On the other hand, it was shown that the teaching strategy of monitoring/evaluating was not found to be conducive to teaching case conceptualisation skills. The findings also suggested two enhancements to Holloway's original conceptualisation of the SAS model of supervision delivery mode and supervisor allocation. Furthermore, the findings confirmed that the SAS model can be applied to teach and objectively evaluate supervision success by supervisors and managers across professional groups. There were six major contributions of this research program to the field of professional supervision: First, there was the application and validation of a theoretical model, Holloway's (1995) Systems Approach to Supervision, to the supervision experience. Second, there was the development and application of scales to measure supervision performance and satisfaction reliably and with demonstrated construct validity. Third, the methodology which included the collection of both qualitative and quantitative responses from supervisees, supervisors, and managers provided a multi-method approach to understanding professional supervision across professional groups. Fourth, a uniform definition of supervision was identified across a range of professional groups. Fifth, Holloway's supervision teaching matrix was empirically supported and the findings recommend it as a mechanism for developing, evaluating and enhancing supervisor and supervisee practice across a range of professional types. The SAS model was found to be relevant to health-related professional groups but also supported in business-related professional groups. Finally, the research recommended some modifications to the SAS model to incorporate factors such as supervision delivery mode. These additions and the results of the longitudinal research suggested that supervision effectiveness was a predictor of on the job performance ratings by managers. Based on a scan of the literature to date, this research program outlines the first longitudinal empirical study of the relationship between supervision effectiveness and on-the-job performance using a range of professional groups. Limitations and future directions were discussed.
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Pascual-Marqui, Roberto Domingo. "Functional imaging of the human brain based on the electroencephalogram /." Zürich, 2003. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000253398.
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Nguyen, Duc Trung. "L'olfaction dans la polypose nasosinusienne avec et sans l'hamartome épithéliale respiratoire adématoïde de la fente olfactive." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0233/document.
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Contexte : Le pronostic de la fonction olfactive après chirurgie de la fente olfactive (FO) dans la polypose nasosinusienne (PNS) n'est pas connu. Objectifs : 1) Préciser la localisation des polypes dans les différents sous-compartiments de l'ethmoïde ; 2) Déterminer la corrélation entre l'auto-évaluation de l'odorat et les résultats de Sniffin'Sticks test ainsi qu'entre l'auto-évaluation de l'odorat et de l'obstruction nasale chez les patients porteurs d'une PNS avec ou sans hamartome épithélial respiratoire adénomatoïde des fentes olfactives (HERA - FO); 3) Évaluer la fonction olfactive avant et 6 semaines après chirurgie de la PNS comportant une chirurgie de la FO et rechercher les facteurs pronostiques de la récupération de l'olfaction après chirurgie. Échantillons : Ce travail repose sur des études observationnelles rétrospectives et prospectives chez les patients atteints de PNS opérés par voie endoscopique selon la procédure de nasalisation de Septembre 2009 à Novembre 2010 dans le service ORL du CHU de Nancy. Résultats : 1) Dans la PNS, les polypes se développaient dans tous les compartiments ethmoïdaux (au niveau du méat moyen dans 98%, de la fente olfactive postérieure dans 75%, du méat supérieur dans 61%, du cornet moyen dans 50% et de la FO antérieure dans 40% des cas); 2) Il existait une forte corrélation entre l'auto-évaluation et la mesure de l'olfaction avant la chirurgie (r =-0,66 ; p<0,0001) et après la chirurgie (r =-0,67 a 6 semaines r = -0.66 a 7 mois, p<0,0001). La corrélation était plus faible avant chirurgie (r =-0,35; p=0,01) qu'après chirurgie chez les patients hypo-anosmiques (r =-0,74 ; p<0,0001 a 6 semaines et r =-0,73 ; p=0,0002 a 7 mois). Les auto-évaluations de l'obstruction nasale et des troubles de l'odorat n'étaient pas corrélées lorsque les deux symptômes étaient dissocies ; 3) Il existait une relation étroite entre la présence de l'HERA dans les FO et l'ancienneté de la PNS (p= 0,0009), l'asthme (p = 0,004) et les antécédents de la chirurgie de PNS (p = 0,0006). Les facteurs prédictifs de non-récupération de la fonction olfactive après la chirurgie étaient un bas score TI préopératoire (p = 0,028), l'antécédent de résection des cornets moyens au cours des procédures chirurgicales précédentes (p = 0,0018), et la résection récente des cornets moyens (p = 0,04). L'histologie des polypes (HERA vs Polype éosinophile) et le type de geste sur les FO (biopsies vs exérèse des polypes) n'étaient pas des facteurs prédictifs pour la non-récupération de l'odorat. Conclusion : l'évaluation de l'odorat dans la PNS est complexe et nécessite une combinaison de tests psychophysiques et d'auto-évaluation. La chirurgie de la fente olfactive dans la PNS n'est pas un facteur péjoratif du pronostic olfactif en post-opératoireBackground: The olfactory outcome after surgery of the olfactory clefts (OC) in patients with nasal polyposis (NP) is unknown. Objectifs: 1) to refine the description of the polyps' origin within the different subcompartments of the ethmoidal bone; 2) to investigate correlations, before and after surgery, between the sense of smell self-ratings and measures of olfactory function, and self-ratings of sense of smell and nasal obstruction; 3) to assess the olfactory outcome after surgery of ethmoidal labyrinths and OC for either Eosinophilic Polyps (EP) or Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma (REAH) in patients with nasal polyposis (NP). Samples: All patients with NP operated according to the nasalization procedure from September 2009 to November 2010 in our tertiary hospital (CHU de Nancy) were enrolled in these retrospective and prospective studies. Results: 1) Polyps were found in the middle meatus (98%), in the posterior olfactory fossa (75%), in the superior meatus (61%), on the middle turbinate proper (50%) and in the anterior olfactory fossa (40%); 2) Overall, self-ratings and measures of olfactory function correlated strongly preoperatively (r = - 0.66, p < 0.0001) and postoperatively (r = -0.67 at 6 weeks and -0.66 at 7 months, p < 0.0001). This relationship was better in patients with previous surgery. The correlation was weaker before (r = -0.35, p=0.01) than after surgery in hyposmic/anosmic patients (r = -0.74, p < 0.0001 at 6 weeks and r = -0.73, p = 0.0002 at 7 months) and wasn't found in normosmic patients. Self-ratings of nasal patency and smell were not correlated when the two complaints were dissociated; 3) There was a close relationship between the presence of REAH-OC and the duration of NP disease (p=.0009), asthma (p=.004) and previous surgery (p=.0006). Predictors of poor olfactory outcomes after surgery were low TI score before surgery (p = 0.028), history of previous middle turbinate resection (p = 0.0018), and recent middle turbinate resection (p = 0.04). Polyp histology and surgery of the OC were not predictors of poor olfactory outcomes. Conclusion: The evaluation of the sense of smell in patients with NP should be performed in combination of psychophysic tests and self-ratings of the olfactory function. The resection of REAH or EP of the OC in patients with NP does not worsen but instead can improve the postoperative olfaction
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Johnston, Amal Joseph. "Functional genomics of sexual and asexual reproduction in Arabidopsis and relatives /." Zürich, 2007. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000254731.
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Ramos, Tiago Cunha Brito. "Propriedades hidráulicas dos solos e modelação para a optimização da rega considerando a dinâmica do azoto e dos sais." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7345.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia dos Biossistemas - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaModeling has become an essential tool for implementing better irrigation and fertilization practices. The HYDRUS software package is currently one of the few models capable of considering multicomponent geochemistry and evaluating multiple environmental problems in an integrated way. The model was used to simulate water movement and solute transport in two complex experiments carried out under field conditions, between 2004 and 2010. The field experiments were helpful to identify the main physical and chemical processes influencing soil water flow and multicomponent solute transport in soils irrigated with saline waters. They were further useful for evaluating different irrigation water quality and fertilization scenarios while considering soil salinization/sodification risks, root nutrient uptake, nutrient leaching, and crop yield. HYDRUS proved to be a powerful tool for establishing sound irrigation policies. However, the considerable demand on input data, namely, soil hydraulic properties, has been limiting its use (and other reactive transport models). Different pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were thus established to indirectly estimate soil hydraulic properties from the soil information available in the PROPSOLO database. A set of class-PTFs were developed to estimate water retention properties after grouping data by soil texture, soil horizon, and bulk density. A different procedure was also presented to estimate water retention properties from particle size distribution using the soil texture triangle and ordinary kriging. Finally, a set of PTFs were established for Cape Verde soils. All these PTFs may have multiple applications in irrigation management and watershed modelling. However, it is still necessary to further extend those PTFs to other regions of Portugal and Cape Verde, and to gain more knowledge on the hydraulic conductivity functions of those soils so that they can be used in reactive transport modeling
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Benway, T. A. "Investigation of SAP, NPTX1 and their interaction on synaptic function and microglia activity and their possible role in Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1575645/.
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The pentraxins comprise of a family of proteins that exist in the brain to modulate synaptic formation and plasticity, and in the periphery as part of the immune response. Both the peripheral pentraxin serum amyloid-P component (SAP) and the neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) have been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and show up-regulation in AD brains. SAP is always found on amyloid plaques and is linked to amyloid fibril stability, while NPTX1 is present in dystrophic neurons in plaques and can mediate some of the effects of amyloid-beta (Aβ). Under conditions of blood-brain barrier compromise, SAP can also enter the brain and is capable of exerting effects on synaptic transmission. Results from the current study show that SAP is capable of forming complexes with the neuronal pentraxins. Specifically, SAP can bind with NPTX1, NPTX2 and NPTXR when co-overexpressed in 293T cells. To investigate the effects that this complex may be having in the brain, SAP and NPTX1 were applied separately or simultaneously to primary neurons and to organotypics slices. To evaluate post-synaptic effects, spine density after SAP and/or NPTX1 application was examined. NPTX1 application resulted in decreased spine density, but this effect was prevented by SAP. A similar blocking effect of NPTX1 by SAP was found in the microglia counts from organotypic cultures, where NPTX1 alone resulted in decreased microglia and NPTX1+SAP showed a reduced deficit. Application of both SAP and NPTX1 resulted in a decrease in the proportion of activated microglia, whereas the application of either pentraxin alone was not found to affect levels of activation. Therefore, while SAP alone has no effect, it can block the effect of NPTX1 in decreasing microglial numbers, and contribute to decreased activation levels when co-applied with NPTX1. These results suggest that when SAP enters the brain it may be capable of exerting effects on synaptic transmission and immune response in the CNS via an interaction with the neuronal pentraxins.
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Domènech, Guitart Anna. "Analysis of the functional roles of Mammary Serum Amyloid A3 protein." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125923.
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La Serum Amiloide A3 (M‐SAA3) mamària és una proteïna de fase aguda expressada
principalment a la glàndula mamària. Els nivells d’expressió de la M‐SAA3 varia en diferents
situacions fisiològiques, el que suggereix un rol important a nivell funcional. Per tal d’analitzar
les propietats de la proteïna, es van dur a terme quatre estudis. En el primer, la M‐SAA3 va ser
expressada de forma recombinant en un sistema bacterià. Aquest pas és important ja que ens
proporciona una font de proteïna, en casos en que la purificació de fonts naturals representa
clarament un coll d’ampolla. Es va obtenir la seqüència de dues isoformes, però només una va
ser expressada recombinantment. La principal diferència entre les dues formes era una deleció
en la regió del motiu SNARE, el que suggeria que aquest motiu pot estar implicat en una
activitat antibacteriana directe. A més, en el primer estudi es va analitzar la primera
funcionalitat. La M‐SAA3 activava la fagocitosi mediada per macròfags, incrementant el
nombre de macròfags actiu i la seva capacitat fagocítica. En el segon estudi es va analitzar
l’efecte protector a nivell gastrointestinal. La M‐SAA3 clarament reduïa la translocació de
bacteris enteropatògens en cèl∙lules CaCo‐2, una línia d’epiteli intestinal comercial. La M‐SAA3
també afectava la expressió de MUC3 i IL‐8, incrementant els seus nivells, el que connecta de
forma directa la proteïna amb la resposta immune innata. En el tercer estudi, es va
desenvolupar un model intestinal en boví a partir de cultius ex vivo de Plaques de Peyer.
Aquests cultius ex vivo ofereixen un ambient únic on coexisteixen diferents tipus cel∙lulars i
una aproximació més realista a la situació in vivo. En aquest context la infecció també va ser
disminuïda i la M‐SAA3 incrementava els nivells de IL‐8 i INFγ. Per contra, les mucines no es
van veure afectades, i la protecció va ser assolida per sobre‐expressió de Occludina i Claudina‐
2, proteïnes que formen les tight junctions, encarregades de segellar la barrera epitelial. A
més, es va demostrar que la M‐SAA3 activa cèl∙lules dendrítiques, incrementant l’expressió de
citoquines i marcadors de maduració, migració i presentació d’antigen. En el quart i últim
estudi, es va avaluar la possible aplicabilitat a nivell de la industria lletera. La M‐SAA3 va ser
infosa intra‐mamàriament durant el secat, un període on es deixa de munyir les vaques per tal
d’afavorir la regeneració cel∙lular i augmentar la seva productivitat. La M‐SAA3 va incrementar
paràmetres relacionats amb una activació de l’involució tals com les metaloproteinases. Els
nivells de proteïna i greix també eren augmentats i es va observar un augment numèric del
recompte de cèl∙lules somàtiques. També es va observar que la proteïna incrementava
l’expressió de IL‐8 i TNFα en cultius primaris de glàndula mamària, i també inhibia la infecció
bacteriana. Finalment, les cèl∙lules dendrítiques també eren activades en absència d’infeccióMammary Serum Amyloid A3 (M‐SAA3) is an acute phase protein mainly expressed in the mammary gland. The levels of the protein vary in different physiological situations, indicating that may play an important functional role. In order to analyze the protein properties four studies were performed. In the first study, the protein was recombinantly produced in a bacterial expression system. This was important, as difficulty in protein purification from natural sources is a clear bottleneck for functional studies. Two M‐SAA3 isoforms were obtained, but only one succeeded in the recombinant expression. Interestingly, the main difference was in a 3 amino acid deletion in the SNARE motif, which could be implicated in the direct bacterial killing. Moreover, the first functional role was evaluated. M‐SAA3 clearly enhanced macrophages phagocytosis, increasing both the number of active macrophages and the phagocytic capacity. In the second study, the protective effect at a gastrointestinal level was assessed. M‐SAA3 protein inhibited the translocation of enteropathogenic bacteria in CaCo‐2 cells, a commercial intestinal epithelial cell line. In addition, M‐SAA3 protein increased the expression of MUC3 and IL‐8, which directly connected the protein with the innate immune response activation. In the third study, a bovine intestinal model was developed using ex vivo Peyer’s Patches cultures. The ex vivo methodology offered a unique environment where different cell types coexist, and indeed, represent a more similar approach to an in vivo situation. In this context, the infection was also prevented, and a clear innate immune response was activated. M‐SAA3 clearly activated the expression of IL‐8, INFγ but in this case, mucins were not up‐regulated. The bacterial translocation was achieved by an increase in the Occludin and Claudin‐2 expression, tight junction genes that directly participate in the sealing of the epithelial barrier. Furthermore, the M‐SAA3 directly activated dendritic cells functions, increasing their cytokine expression profile and cellular markers related to maturation, migration and antigen presentation. In the fourth and last study, the potential applicability in dairy industry was evaluated. M‐SAA3 was infused in the mammary gland at dry off, a period of milking cessation which permits the mammary gland regeneration for an optimal production in following lactations. M‐SAA3 increased parameters related to an increased involution of the mammary gland, such as metalloproteinases. Also protein and fat were increased and a numerical increase in the somatic cell count was observed. In addition, M‐SAA3 raised the IL‐8 and TNFα levels in primary mammary gland cultures, and inhibited bacterial infection. Finally, dendritic cells were also activated by M‐SAA3 in absence of infection.