Journal articles on the topic 'Sardinian nature'
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1
Russell, Anthony, and A. Bernard Knapp. "SARDINIA AND CYPRUS: AN ALTERNATIVE VIEW ON CYPRIOTES IN THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN." Papers of the British School at Rome 85 (January 10, 2017): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068246216000441.
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Recent research reveals what we term a ‘discourse of certainty’ regarding an assumed predominant socio-economic and cultural impact of Late Bronze Age Cypriotes or Mycenaeans on the local peoples of Sardinia and/or Sicily and Italy, not least in terms of a systematic, seaborne trading network extending from the Cyprus to the Tyrrhenian Sea. ‘Minimalist’ approaches to such a phenomenon have a long and venerable but more limited pedigree. In this study, we question why minimalist views have been so summarily dismissed in much current literature that seeks to evaluate an eastern Mediterranean presence or influence in the central Mediterranean. We focus on Sardinia, and on the range of Cypriot or ‘Cypriot-type’ materials found there. We consider the nature of the Cypriot–Sardinian relationship, and suggest that we should decouple foreign objects from foreign agents. We question several of the perceived Cypriot influences on Sardinian artefacts, and consider possible alternative mechanisms and routes of exchange between the east and central Mediterranean. We outline and discuss the array of presumed or actual Cypriot artefacts found on Sardinia, and argue that these do not add up to a ‘significant’ corpus of Late Cypriot materials and connections.
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Lai, Franco, and Giovanni Sistu. "Environment and tourism in fragile territories: The case of humid zones in Sardinia." Anuac 1, no. 2 (June 28, 2015): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7340/anuac2239-625x-30.
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During the 20th century two main interventions have been intended for coastal wetlands in Sardinia. Throughout the first part of the century Sardinian wetlands have been targeted for drainage to obtain productive agricultural land. At the end of the forties, wetlands were drained in order to eradicate malaria. From the second half of the 20th century ponds become significant also for nature conservation and tourism development (see the case of Doñana in Spain and the Camargue in France). In Sardinia wetlands are important as avifauna habitats (see the Ramsar Convention), tourism attractions and environmental conservation sites. In this paper we will present the process of tourist promotion of wetlands, the opportunities and the risks of this process with some empirical cases.
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Barbato, Mario, Marco Masseti, Monica Pirastru, Nicolò Columbano, Monica Scali, Rita Vignani, and Paolo Mereu. "Islands as Time Capsules for Genetic Diversity Conservation: The Case of the Giglio Island Mouflon." Diversity 14, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14080609.
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The use of multidisciplinary approaches of investigation including biological, biogeographical, historical, morphological, and genetic analysis, can be useful in identifying and preserving biodiversity. The present study focuses on the characterisation and conservation of a mouflon population (Ovis gmelini musimon) from the Mediterranean island of Giglio. Here we provide the first molecular data on the Giglio population and compare it with mouflons from Sardinia, Elba, and Corsica using both nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Our results suggest that the Giglio mouflon harbours genetic variability likely of Sardinian origin but not represented in the current Sardinian mouflon diversity. Although not presenting the typical characteristics of an invasive alien species, the Giglio mouflon is being subjected to eradication through culling or trapping and surgical sterilization. The molecular evidence we report highlights that such actions are causing the irremediable loss of ancestral genetic variants of the genus Ovis. Finally, we highlight how a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to aid the conservation and management of the anthropochorous populations of Mediterranean mammals.
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Sagart, Laurent. "The Phonetic Nature of PAn *j." Oceanic Linguistics 63, no. 1 (June 2024): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ol.2024.a928206.
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Abstract: This paper brings evidence from Campidanese Sardinian and other languages to support and refine the author's earlier proposal that Proto-Austronesian *j was a palatal nasal whose modern reflexes arose through an episode of palatal glide fortition. It clarifies the evolution of *j in Formosan, responds to some criticisms, and details the circumstances leading to the loss of the nasal component after glide fortition. It concludes that where an alveolar or palatal nasal is in correspondence with [g], [ɟ], or [d], the default historical interpretation is of the nasal.
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Kidjo, Nicolas, Gérard Feracci, Eric Bideau, Georges Gonzalez, César Mattéi, Bernard Marchand, and Stéphane Aulagnier. "Extirpation and reintroduction of the Corsican red deer Cervus elaphus corsicanus in Corsica." Oryx 41, no. 4 (October 2007): 488–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307012069.
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AbstractThe Endangered Corsican red deer Cervus elaphus corsicanus was extirpated from Corsica in the early 1970s, at which time the Sardinian population fell to <250 individuals. The Sardinian authorities agreed to protect this subspecies and to secure its reintroduction in Corsica, a natural choice, considering ethological and historical descriptions. Since the beginning of 1985, when the first deer destined for captive breeding and eventual reintroduction arrived in Corsica, the population increased from 13 Sardinian founders to 106 captive animals under constant monitoring in three enclosures (Quenza, Casabianda and Ania di Fium'Orbu). The sites of Quenza, Chisà and Santo Pietro di Venaco were selected by the Regional Nature Park of Corsica for the reintroduction into the wild that began in 1998. Currently the size of the whole Corsican population is c. 250 individuals. These deer are still closely monitored and studied, both in enclosures and in the wild, to secure the long-term conservation of this subspecies. The Corsican and Sardinian populations together now total slightly >1,000, and the subspecies could therefore be downgraded to Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.
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Lollini, Massimo. "Sardinia: the ‘Greatest Poem’ and its Maritime Face // Sardinia: El 'mayor poema' y su rostro marítimo." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2013): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2013.4.2.530.
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The Mediterranean Sea contributes to the vital rediscovery of meaning advocated by Giambattista Vico’s poetic geography and Sardinian writers search for roots by interjecting a sense of movement in the otherwise immobile Sardinian landscape. First, we see this feature at work in Grazia Deledda’s Cosima and Salvatore Satta’s Il giorno del giudizio. In their novels the movement of the landscape still concretizes in what Deleuze and Guattari call “faciality” (visageité). This characteristic tends to vanish in the writers of the younger generations. In Alberto Capitta’s Creaturine, Giulia Clarkson’s La città d’acqua and Marcello Fois’s Nel tempo di mezzo the “faciality” of the landscape tends to disappear, wrecked by violent history or submerged in a sort of Heraclitean flow of things. Finally, in Giulio Angioni’s Il mare intorno the sea recovers its double and contradictory nature of agent of both isolation and communication. Resumen El mar Mediterráneo contribuye al vital redescubrimiento del significado que promueve la geografía poética de Giambattista Vico y escritores de Sardinia buscan las raíces de los incorporarando una sensación de movimiento en el paisaje de Sardinia, de otra manera, inmóvil. Primero, vemos este aspecto en funcionamiento en Cosima de Grazia Deledda y Il giorno del giudizio de Salvatore Satta. En sus novelas, el movimiento del paisaje todavía condensa lo que Deleuze y Guattari llaman “facialidad” (visageité). Esta característica tiende a desvanecerse en los escritores de generaciones más jóvenes. En Creaturine de Alberto Capitta, La città d’acqua de Giulia Clarkson y Nel tempo di mezzo de Marcello Fois, la “facialidad” del paisaje tiende a desaparecer, destrozado por una historia violenta o sumergida en una especia de flujo heraclitáneo de las cosas. Finalmente, en Il mare intorno de Guilo Angioni, el mar recobra su naturaleza contradictoria y doble de agente de aislamiento así como de comunicación.
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Mascle, Georges H., Pierre Tricart, Luigi Torelli, Jean-Pierre Bouillin, Roberto Compagnoni, Stéphane Depardon, Jean Mascle, et al. "Structure of the Sardinia Channel: crustal thinning and tardi-orogenic extension in the Apenninic-Maghrebian orogen; results of the Cyana submersible survey (SARCYA and SARTUCYA) in the western Mediterranean." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 175, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 607–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/175.6.607.
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Abstract The Sardinia Channel is located in a 400 km-long submerged section of the Apennine-Maghrebian branch of the Alpine chain. The Sardinia Channel connects the Algerian-Ligurian-Provençal to the Tyrrhenian oceanic basins. The structure of this region results from the superposition of two tectonic regimes: an earlier crustal thickening and a later crustal thinning. The crustal thickening is the consequence of the shortening which occurred in the late Oligocene–early Miocene during the build up of the Apennine-Maghrebian Orogen. This thickening is coeval with the rotation of the Corsican-Sardinian block and the opening of the Provençal-Algerian back-arc basin. All of these structures, as well as the magmatic arcs in Sardinia and Tunisia, i.e. the Galite Archipelago, are connected to the subduction of the Tethyan Ocean. The crustal thinning is associated with the rifting of the Tyrrhenian Basin, which occurred just before the Messinian salinity crisis and was accompanied by significant erosion throughout the region. This erosion was followed by a period of thermal subsidence linked to the opening of the Tyrrhenian oceanic basin in the Plio-Quaternary, interspersed with minor episodes of compression. On the Sardinian margin, the dives led to the discovery of a submarine volcano, dated at 12.6 Ma, and composed of shoshonitic andesites with lamprophyre inclusions, and to the characterization of the nature and structure of the underlying basement, consisting of tilted blocks of Hercynian metamorphic and granitic rocks and their sedimentary cover. The sea floor morphology reflects this structure. The other areas of the Sardinia Channel explored, i.e. its southern margin and central ridge, belong to the Calabrian-Peloritanian-Kabylian group (CPK). They are composed of a metamorphic and granitic Hercynian basement deformed during the Alpine orogeny, which is stratigraphically overlain by an Oligo-Miocene detrital cover of Peloritanian or Kabylian type, and tectonically overlain by the so-called “flysch nappe”. Throughout the CPK domain these formations were subjected during the Oligo-Miocene, at ca. 23 Ma ago, to a first denudation event, and during the Tortonian, ca. 10-8 Ma ago, to a second denudation, which has been connected to the opening of the Tyrrhenian basin. Structures, microstructures and thermochronological data indicate relatively low P-T conditions for the extensional deformations: this suggests that these units remained at shallow depths in the Apennine-Maghrebian Orogen, and were relatively preserved from the Messinian erosion. The age (12.5 Ma) and nature of the volcanic sequence in the Sorelles is closely comparable with the calc-alkaline suite of the Galite Archipelago, Tunisia. Thus, the data gathered during the dives in the Sardinia Channel give new constraints to the reconstruction of the kinematic evolution not only of the region, but also to the entire western Mediterranean.
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Fabbri, Giulia, Laura Iacolina, Marco Apollonio, and Massimo Scandura. "The Role of the Environment in Shaping the Genomic Variation in an Insular Wild Boar Population." Diversity 14, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14090774.
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The Sardinian population of wild boar (WB, Sus scrofa meridionalis) has evolved on this Mediterranean island since its arrival in Neolithic age. Climate and land use vary across the island; high temperatures and dryness represent limiting factors for the development and reproduction of the species. Hence, the environment can have contributed to create the morphological differences we observe today across the island and could sustain the genetic structure that has been previously observed using neutral molecular markers. We therefore searched for genomic signatures of local adaptation in a sample of Sardinian WB genotyped at almost 50 K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic structure was observed in the population separating the northwest and southwest from the east of the island, where internal substructure also emerged. We identified 49 SNPs as candidate loci involved in adaptation and 61 genes. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed over-representation of terms related to cell localization, motility, and adhesion, but also related to anatomical development and immunity. According to our results, the environment seems to have played a role in shaping the genetic differentiation of the Sardinian wild boar in a limited evolutionary timescale.
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Cortis, P., N. J. Vereecken, F. P. Schiestl, M. R. Barone Lumaga, A. Scrugli, and S. Cozzolino. "Pollinator convergence and the nature of species' boundaries in sympatric Sardinian Ophrys (Orchidaceae)." Annals of Botany 104, no. 3 (November 10, 2008): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn219.
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Pellegrino, Irene, Luca Ilahiane, Giovanni Boano, Marco Cucco, Marco Pavia, Heather L. Prestridge, and Gary Voelker. "Avian Haemosporidian Diversity on Sardinia: A First General Assessment for the Insular Mediterranean." Diversity 13, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13020075.
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The Western Palearctic is one of the most investigated regions for avian haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon), yet geographic gaps in our regional knowledge remain. Here, we report the first haemosporidian screening of the breeding birds from Sardinia (the second-largest Mediterranean Island and a biodiversity hotspot), and the first for the insular Mediterranean in general. We examined the occurrence of haemosporidians by amplifying their mtDNA cytb gene in 217 breeding birds, belonging to 32 species. The total prevalence of infected birds was 55.3%, and of the 116 haplotypes recovered, 84 were novel. Despite the high number of novel lineages, phylogenetic analysis did not highlight Sardinia-specific clades; instead, some Sardinian lineages were more closely related to lineages previously recovered from continental Europe. Host-parasite network analysis indicated a specialized host-parasite community. Binomial generalized linear models (GLMs), performed at the community level, suggested an elevational effect on haemosporidian occurrence probability (negative for Haemoproteus; positive for Leucocytozoon) likely due to differences in the abundance of insect vectors at different elevations. Furthermore, a GLM revealed that sedentary birds showed a higher probability of being infected by novel haplotypes and long-distance migrants showed a lower probability of novel haplotype infection. We hypothesize that the high diversity of haemosporidians is linked to the isolation of breeding bird populations on Sardinia. This study adds to the growing knowledge on haemosporidians lineage diversity and distribution in insular environments and presents new insights on potential host-parasite associations.
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Van Rooy, Peter T. J. C., and Anton H. P. Stumpel. "Ecological Impact of Economic Development on Sardinian Herpetofauna." Conservation Biology 9, no. 2 (April 1995): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020263.x.
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Chisu, Valentina, Silvia Dei Giudici, Cipriano Foxi, Giovanna Chessa, Francesca Peralta, Valentina Sini, and Giovanna Masala. "Anaplasma Species in Ticks Infesting Mammals of Sardinia, Italy." Animals 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2023): 1332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13081332.
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Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that are recognized for their ability to vector a wide variety of pathogens of viral, bacterial, protozoal, and helminthic nature to vertebrate hosts. Among the different diseases transmitted by ticks, also called “Tick-Borne Diseases” (TBD), many are zoonotic. Pathogens of the genus Anaplasma refer to obligate intracellular bacteria within the Rickettsiales order transmitted mainly through tick bites and considered as well-established threats to domestic animals, livestock, and humans, worldwide. In this retrospective study, 156 ticks collected from twenty goats, one marten, and one cattle from several Sardinian sites, were examined by molecular analyses to detect the presence of Anaplasma species. A total of 10 (10/156; 6.4%) ticks were shown to be Anaplasma-positive by PCR screening. After sequence analyses, A. phagocytophilum was detected in four Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (3.3%) and four Rh. bursa (11%) ticks from goats, while one Rh. sanguineus s.l. (0.8%) and one Rh. bursa (2.8%) collected from the marten and cattle, respectively, exhibited 100% of identity with A. marginale strains. In this study, we provide the first description and molecular detection of A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum in ticks of the Rhiphicephalus genus in Sardinia. Considering the growing impact of tick-borne Anaplasma pathogens on human health, further studies are necessary to monitor the prevalence of these pathogens in Sardinia.
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Grill, Andrea, Roberto Crnjar, Paolo Casula, and Steph Menken. "Applying the IUCN threat categories to island endemics: Sardinian butterflies (Italy)." Journal for Nature Conservation 10, no. 1 (January 2002): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1617-1381-00006.
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Afilhado, Alexandra, Maryline Moulin, Daniel Aslanian, Philippe Schnürle, Frauke Klingelhoefer, Hervé Nouzé, Marina Rabineau, Estelle Leroux, and Marie-Odile Beslier. "Deep crustal structure across a young passive margin from wide-angle and reflection seismic data (The SARDINIA Experiment) – II. Sardinia’s margin." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 186, no. 4-5 (July 1, 2015): 331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.186.4-5.331.
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Abstract Geophysical data acquired on the conjugate margins system of the Gulf of Lion and West Sardinia (GLWS) is unique in its ability to address fundamental questions about rifting (i.e. crustal thinning, the nature of the continent-ocean transition zone, the style of rifting and subsequent evolution, and the connection between deep and surface processes). While the Gulf of Lion (GoL) was the site of several deep seismic experiments, which occurred before the SARDINIA Experiment (ESP and ECORS Experiments in 1981 and 1988 respectively), the crustal structure of the West Sardinia margin remains unknown. This paper describes the first modeling of wide-angle and near-vertical reflection multi-channel seismic (MCS) profiles crossing the West Sardinia margin, in the Mediterranean Sea. The profiles were acquired, together with the exact conjugate of the profiles crossing the GoL, during the SARDINIA experiment in December 2006 with the French R/V L’Atalante. Forward wide-angle modeling of both data sets (wide-angle and multi-channel seismic) confirms that the margin is characterized by three distinct domains following the onshore unthinned, 26 km-thick continental crust : Domain V, where the crust thins from ~26 to 6 km in a width of about 75 km; Domain IV where the basement is characterized by high velocity gradients and lower crustal seismic velocities from 6.8 to 7.25 km/s, which are atypical for either crustal or upper mantle material, and Domain III composed of “atypical” oceanic crust. The structure observed on the West Sardinian margin presents a distribution of seismic velocities that is symmetrical with those observed on the Gulf of Lion’s side, except for the dimension of each domain and with respect to the initiation of seafloor spreading. This result does not support the hypothesis of simple shear mechanism operating along a lithospheric detachment during the formation of the Liguro-Provencal basin.
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Careddu, Nicola, and Silvana Maria Grillo. "Sardinian Basalt—an Ancient Georesource Still En Vogue." Geoheritage 11, no. 1 (January 27, 2018): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12371-018-0285-0.
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Sulis, Elena, Gianluigi Bacchetta, Donatella Cogoni, and Giuseppe Fenu. "From global to local scale: where is the best for conservation purpose?" Biodiversity and Conservation 30, no. 1 (November 22, 2020): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-02085-4.
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AbstractDemographic analysis of plant populations represents an essential conservation tool allowing to identify the population trends both at global and at the local level. In this study, the population dynamics of Helianthemum caput-felis (Cistaceae) was investigated at the local level by monitoring six populations distributed in Sardinia, Balearic Islands and Ibero-Levantine coast (Alicante). Demographic data for each population were analysed by performing Integral Projection Models (IPMs). Our results showed that, although the local trend of the main basic demographic functions was similar, vital rates and demographic dynamics varied among populations indicating high variability. In fact, asymptotic growth rate in Spanish populations widely varied both between years and populations (some populations growth, decline or strongly decline), while Sardinian populations showed greater equilibrium or a slight increase. Also, the typical pattern of a long-lived species was not supported by the results at the local scale. These results indicated that different populations of the same species can present extremely different population dynamics and support the belief that, for conservation needs, local studies are more informative than global ones: the conservation status of H. caput-felis could notably vary at a small spatial scale and, accordingly, the conservation efforts must be planned at the population level and supported by local analysis.
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Casula, Paolo, Debora Scanu, Roberto Crnjar, Andrea Grill, and Annalisa Marchi. "The fragmented population structure of the Sardinian chalk hill blue butterfly (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae)." Journal for Nature Conservation 12, no. 2 (October 2004): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2003.09.001.
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Denys, Gaël P. J. "A comment on “Morphologic and genetic characterization of Corsican and Sardinian trout with comments on Salmo taxonomy” by Delling et al. (2020): protected Tyrrhenian trouts must be named." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 422 (2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2021006.
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The introduction of the use of molecular data has caused debates on the taxonomy of Corsican and Sardinian trouts, also referred to as Tyrrhenian trouts (i.e. Salmo trutta, Salmo macrostigma, Salmo cettii). A recent study by Delling et al. (2020) (Morphologic and genetic characterization of Corsican and Sardinian trout with comments on Salmo taxonomy. Knowl Manage Aquat Ecosyst 421: 21) introduces important evidence regarding the taxonomy of these populations. However, their subsequent denomination as Salmo sp., that is, an undefined taxon, could have serious consequences on their future conservation management plans. Considering their threatened status, the Tyrrhenian trouts should be referred to as Salmo trutta until the ongoing taxonomic uncertainty can be unambiguously resolved. These populations must then be treated as an Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) or as an Operational Conservation Unit (OCU) for further conservation managements plans, as already done for other Mediterranean trout lineages.
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Herrando, S., and L. Brotons. "Fluctuating asymmetry in Sardinian WarblersSylvia melanocephalainhabiting two shrublands affected by fire." Bird Study 48, no. 2 (July 2001): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063650109461216.
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Cherchi, Antonietta, Nicoletta Mancin, Lucien Montadert, Marco Murru, Maria Teresa Putzu, Francesco Schiavinotto, and Vladimiro Verrubbi. "The stratigraphic response to the Oligo-Miocene extension in the western Mediterranean from observations on the Sardinia graben system (Italy)." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 179, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 267–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.179.3.267.
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Abstract The Sardinian Cainozoic rifted basin is a useful model for studying the stratigraphic response to the Oligo-Miocene structural extension in the western Mediterranean because it allows precise observations on the relationship between sedimentation and normal faulting based on outcrops and seismic reflection data. The purpose of this paper, essentially of stratigraphic nature is to propose a chronology as precise as possible of the tectonic events and of the sedimentary formations. Indeed the tectono-sedimentary framework is complex, characterized by an extreme facies variability, from continental to marginal transitional and to marine environments (shallow-water, hemipelagic). Rifting, active calc-alkaline volcanism and sea-level changes caused rapid physiographical evolution, which controlled progressive marine ingression. New chronobiostratigraphical data presented in this paper allow correlating the sequences, defining their environment and depth of deposition and specifying precisely the timing of pre-, syn-, and post-rift stages in the Oligo-Miocene graben system. In southwestern Sardinia during the middle-late Eocene, after the Pyrenean phase, a continental graben (Cixerri), W-E oriented, preceded the Oligo-Miocene extension, which reactivated inherited Eocene and Palaeozoic faults. The calc-alkaline volcanic activity ranging from 32 to 13 Ma, provides a good estimate for the time span of the west-dipping Apenninic subduction responsible for the continental extension and the oceanic accretion in the western Mediterranean. In Sardinia the Oligo-Miocene extensional tectonics started in a continental environment, preceding the earliest calc-alkaline volcanic products (32 Ma). The marine ingression is dated to the late Chattian-Aquitanian interval and corresponds to a rapid deepening of the Oligo-Miocene graben system of tectonic origin. The end of the rifting i.e. the end of normal faulting activity is pre-middle Burdigalian in age. When Sardinia was in the post-rift stage, extension continued until late Burdigalian – Langhian in the Algero-Provençal basin with oceanic accretion and rotation of the Corsica-Sardinia block (CSB).
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Мажиа, Армандо. "The Art of Bread Production in Sardinia: Cultural Aspects and Issues of Classification." ТРАДИЦИОННАЯ КУЛЬТУРА, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26158/tk.2020.21.4.015.
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В настоящей статье автор, преимущественно на материалах собственных многолетних полевых исследований, рассматривает в контексте современности малоизученную традиционную практику хлебопроизводства в Сардинии. Анализ особенностей этого древнейшего сектора локальной культуры он предваряет освещением специфики истории региона и принципов расселения в нем, значительно повлиявших на множественность разнообразных «типажей» хлеба, как повседневных, так и праздничных, показывает специфику их иконографии и декорирования, отличия их рецептуры и технологии производства, их «привязок» к конкретным поводам, событиям, верованиям и ритуалам. Помимо этнографической части, в исследовании присутствуют теоретико-методологические аспекты: автор задается вопросом о несовершенстве существующих систем классификации сардинских хлебов, о нерешенности вопроса их таксономирования и, апеллируя к примеру эмпирического материала Сардинии, предлагает иные пути и подходы к систематизации в антропологическом исследовании в целом, а в частности, переход от «монотетической» классификации к ретикулярной, ризоматической систематизации Based mainly on the author’s long-term field research, this article examines the littlestudied traditional practice of bread production in Sardinia in the context of modernity. The analysis of this, the oldest sector of local culture, is preceded by a history of the region and the nature of its settlement which influenced the multiplicity of various types of bread, both everyday and festive. The article explains the specifics of bread’s iconography and decoration, differences in recipes and technology of production, and its links to specific occasions, events, beliefs and rituals. In addition to ethnographic analysis, the study examines theoretical and methodological issues. The author considers problems with existing classification systems of Sardinian bread, discusses the unresolved issue of their taxonomy, and questions the general approach to systematization in anthropological research, and in particular, the transition from “monotheistic” classification to reticular, rhizomatic systematization. Key words: Sardinia, Mediterranean, bread, cooking technologies, species diversity.
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Moulin, Maryline, Frauke Klingelhoefer, Alexandra Afilhado, Daniel Aslanian, Philippe Schnurle, Hervé Nouzé, Marina Rabineau, Marie-Odile Beslier, and Aurélie Feld. "Deep crustal structure across a young passive margin from wide-angle and reflection seismic data (The SARDINIA Experiment) – I. Gulf of Lion’s margin." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 186, no. 4-5 (July 1, 2015): 309–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.186.4-5.309.
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Abstract The conjugate margins system of the Gulf of Lion and West Sardinia (GLWS) represents a unique natural laboratory for addressing fundamental questions about rifting due to its landlocked situation, its youth, its thick sedimentary layers, including prominent palaeo-marker such as the MSC event, and the amount of available data and multidisciplinary studies. The main goals of the SARDINIA experiment, were to (i) investigate the deep structure of the entire system within the two conjugate margins: the Gulf of Lion and West Sardinia, (ii) characterize the nature of the crust, and (iii) define the geometry of the basin and provide important constrains on its genesis. This paper presents the results of P-wave velocity modelling on three coincident near-vertical reflection multi-channel seismic (MCS) and wide-angle seismic profiles acquired in the Gulf of Lion, to a depth of 35 km. A companion paper [part II – Afilhado et al., 2015] addresses the results of two other SARDINIA profiles located on the oriental conjugate West Sardinian margin. Forward wide-angle modelling of both data sets confirms that the margin is characterised by three distinct domains following the onshore unthinned, 33 km-thick continental crust domain: Domain I is bounded by two necking zones, where the crust thins respectively from ~30 to 20 and from 20 to 7 km over a width of about 170 km; the outermost necking is imprinted by the well-known T-reflector at its crustal base; Domain II is characterised by a 7 km-thick crust with « anomalous » velocities ranging from 6 to 7.5 km/s; it represents the transition between the thinned continental crust (Domain I) and a very thin (only 4–5 km) “atypical” oceanic crust (Domain III). In Domain II, the hypothesis of the presence of exhumed mantle is falsified by our results: this domain may likely consist of a thin exhumed lower continental crust overlying a heterogeneous, intruded lower layer. Moreover, despite the difference in their magnetic signatures, Domains II and III present the very similar seismic velocities profiles, and we discuss the possibility of a connection between these two different domains.
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Lecis, Roberta, and Ken Norris. "Population genetic diversity of the endemic Sardinian newt Euproctus platycephalus: implications for conservation." Biological Conservation 119, no. 2 (September 2004): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2003.11.011.
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Rutter, Michael J. "The nature of the lithosphere beneath the Sardinian continental block: Mantle and deep crustal inclusions in mafic alkaline lavas." Lithos 20, no. 3 (June 1987): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(87)90010-7.
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Farinella, Domenica, and Giulia Simula. "Land, sheep, and market: how dependency on global commodity chains changed relations between pastoralists and nature." Relaciones Internacionales, no. 47 (June 28, 2021): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/relacionesinternacionales2021.47.005.
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In this article, we present a historical analysis on how Sardinian pastoralism has become an integrated activity in global capitalism, oriented to the production of cheap milk, through the extraction of ecological surplus from the exploitation of nature and labour. Pastoralism has often been looked at as a marginal and traditional activity. On the contrary, our objective is to stress the central role played by pastoralism in the capitalist world-ecology. Since there is currently little work analysing the historical development of pastoralism in a concrete agro-ecological setting from a world-ecology perspective, we want to contribute to the development of the literature by analysing the concrete case of Sardinian pastoralism. To do so, we will use the analytical framework of world-ecology to analyse the historical dialectic of capital accumulation and the production of nature through which pastoralism -understood as a socio-cultural system that organises nature-society relations for the reproduction of local rural societies- became an activity trapped in the production of market commodities and cheap food exploiting human (labour) and extra-human factors (e.g. land, water, environment, animals etc.). Looking at the exploitation of extra-human factors, the concept of ecological surplus allows us to understand how capital accumulation and surplus was possible thanks to the exploitation of nature, or rather the creation of cheap nature and chap inputs for the production of cheap commodities. We analyse historical pastoralism to understand how geopolitical configurations of global capitalism interact with the national and local scales to change pastoral production, nature and labour relations. We will pay particular attention to the role of land and the relationship between pastoralists and animals. The article is based on secondary data, historical material and primary data collected from 2012 to 2020 through qualitative interviews and ethnographic research. We identify four main cycles of agro-ecological transformation to explore the interactions between waves of historical capitalist expansion and changes in the exploitation of agroecological factors. The first two phases will be explored in the first section of the paper: the mercantilist phase during the modern era and the commodification of pastoralist products, which extend from the nineteenth century to the Second World War. In the mercantilist phase, the expansion of pastoralism finds its external limits in the trend of international demand (influenced by international trade policies that may favour or hinder exports) and its internal limits in the competition/complementarity with agriculture for the available land that results in a transhumant model of pastoralism. In this phase, the ecological surplus needed for capitalist accumulation is produced by nature as a gift, or nature for free, which results in the possibility of producing milk at a very low cost by exploiting the natural pasture of the open fields. The second cycle, “the commodification of pastoralist products”, started at the end of the nineteenth century, with the introduction on the island of the industrial processing of Pecorino Romano cheese, and which was increasingly in demand in the North American market. This pushed pastoralism towards a strong commodification. Shepherds stopped processing cheese on-farm and became producers of cheap milk for the Pecorino Romano processing industry. Industrialists control the distribution channels and therefore the price of milk. Moreover, following the partial privatisation of land and high rent prices, shepherds progressively lose the ecological surplus that was guaranteed by free land and natural grazing, key to lower production costs and to counterbalance the unequal distribution of wealth within the chain. At the beginning of the twentieth century, although the market for Pecorino Romano was growing, these contradictions emerged and the unfair redistribution of profits within the chain (which benefited industrialists, middlemen and landowners to the detriment of shepherds) led to numerous protests and the birth of shepherds' cooperatives. The second section of the paper will explore the third agro-ecological phase: the rise of the “monoculture of sheep-raising” through the modernisation policies (from the fifties until 1990s). The protests that affected the inland areas of Sardinia, as well as the increase in banditry, signal the impossibility of continuing to guarantee cheap nature and cheap labour, which are at the basis of the mechanism of capitalist accumulation. On the basis of these pressures, the 1970s witnessed a profound transformation that opened a new cycle of accumulation: laws favouring the purchase of land led to the sedenterization of pastoralism, while agricultural modernisation policies pushed towards the rationalisation of the farm. Land improvements and technological innovations (such as the milking machine and the purchase of agricultural machinery) led to the beginning of the “monoculture of sheep raising”: a phase of intensification in the exploitation of nature and the extraction of ecological surplus. This includes a great increase of the number of sheep per unit of agricultural area, thanks to the cultivated pasture replacing natural grazing and the production and purchase of stock and feed. Subsidised agricultural modernisation and sedentarisation can once again "sustain" the cost of cheap milk that is the basis of the industrial dairy chain. However, agricultural modernisation results in the further commodification of pastoralism, which becomes increasingly dependent on the upstream and downstream market, making pastoralists less autonomous. Moreover, given the impossibility of further expanding the herd, the productivity need of keeping low milk production costs has to be achieved through an increase in the average production per head. Therefore, there are higher investments in genetic selection to increase breed productivity, higher investments to improve animal feeding and a more intensive animal exploitation to increase productivity. These production strategies imply higher farm costs. In this context, the fourth phase, the neoliberal phase (analysed in the third section of the paper) broke out in Sardinia in the mid-1990s. With the end of export subsidies and the opening of the new large-scale retail channel in which producers are completely subordinate, it starts a period of increased volatility in the price of milk. In order to counter income erosion and achieve the productivity gains needed to continue producing cheap milk, pastoralists have intensified the exploitation of both human (labour) and non-human (nature) factors, with contradictory effects. In the case of nature, the intensive exploitation of land through monocultural crops has reduced biodiversity and impoverished the soil. In the case of labour, pastoralists have intensified the levels of self-exploitation and free family labour to extreme levels and have also resorted to cheaply paid foreign labourers. Throughout the paper, we reconstruct the path towards the production of "cheap milk" in Sardinia, processed mainly into pecorino romano for international export. We argue that the production of ecological surplus through the exploitation of nature and labour has been central to capital accumulation and to the unfolding of the capitalist world ecology. However, we have reached a point of crisis where pastoralists are trapped between rising costs and eroding revenues. Further exploitation of human (cheap labour) and extra-human (nature and animals) factors is becoming unsustainable for the great majority, leading to a polarization between pastoralists who push towards further intensification and mechanisation and pastoralists who increasingly de-commodify to build greater autonomy.
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Lecis, Roberta, and Ken Norris. "Habitat correlates of distribution and local population decline of the endemic Sardinian newt Euproctus platycephalus." Biological Conservation 115, no. 2 (February 2004): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(03)00149-6.
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Moccia, Davide, Alessandro Cau, Andrea Alvito, Simonepietro Canese, Rita Cannas, Marzia Bo, Michela Angiolillo, and Maria Cristina Follesa. "New sites expanding the “Sardinian cold‐water coral province” extension: A new potential cold‐water coral network?" Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 29, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2975.
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Scandura, Massimo, Laura Iacolina, Marco Apollonio, Francesco Dessì-Fulgheri, and Mariella Baratti. "Current status of the Sardinian partridge (Alectoris barbara) assessed by molecular markers." European Journal of Wildlife Research 56, no. 1 (June 11, 2009): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-009-0286-z.
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Delling, Bo, Andrea Sabatini, Stephane Muracciole, Christelle Tougard, and Patrick Berrebi. "Morphologic and genetic characterisation of Corsican and Sardinian trout with comments on Salmo taxonomy." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 421 (2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2020013.
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Both morphological and molecular data are presented and discussed for indigenous Salmo sp. from Corsica and Sardinia, here called Tyrrhenian trout. For comparison, morphological data obtained from museum specimens, including the Algerian S. macrostigma, are discussed in the light of recent and new molecular findings. In total, 29 measurements and 20 meristic characters were taken from each specimen. Out of the meristic characters, 12 were obtained by means of X-ray. One important morphometric character in the present study is the size of the head measured from premaxilla to posterior margin of preoperculum. This character was particularly stable in all Tyrrhenian trout, showing relatively large head compared to Atlantic trout and to S. macrostigma. On the contrary, other characters like body punctuations, black and white edges of fins, body depth or number of epurals in the caudal skeleton are quite polymorphic. In certain meristic characters, range of variation of Tyrrhenian trout even exceeds that of the extensive comparative material. Each trout has been genetically characterized. New haplotypes from Tyrrhenian trout were discovered, belonging to three mitochondrial lineages viz. Adriatic, marble and Mediterranean, however, Adriatic haplotypes are dominant. Comparing morphological and genetic data, observed morphology lacks any obvious correlation to mitochondrial lineages and it is concluded that Tyrrhenian trout show no particular affinity to S. macrostigma from Algeria.
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Cruciani, Gabriele, Marcello Franceschelli, Antonio Langone, Mariano Puxeddu, and Massimo Scodina. "Nature and age of pre-Variscan eclogite protoliths from the Low- to Medium-Grade Metamorphic Complex of north–central Sardinia (Italy) and comparisons with coeval Sardinian eclogites in the northern Gondwana context." Journal of the Geological Society 172, no. 6 (August 4, 2015): 792–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2015-011.
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Fois, Mauro, Giuseppe Fenu, and Gianluigi Bacchetta. "Global analyses underrate part of the story: finding applicable results for the conservation planning of small Sardinian islets’ flora." Biodiversity and Conservation 25, no. 6 (April 26, 2016): 1091–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1110-1.
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Ahmed, Fahad, Flavia Pudda, Marco Muzzeddu, Andrea Pedrini, Giuseppe Serra, Stephane Knoll, Sarah Morrone, et al. "Feed Preference, Daily Intake, and Laying Performance of Captive-Born Sardinian Partridges (Alectoris barbara barbara Bonnaterre, 1790) Offered Whole Defrosted Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L., 1758) as Raw Feed Material with Diet." Agriculture 12, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050642.
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The competence to locate natural feeding sources is one of the main limiting factors for survival in the wild, especially for captive-born birds. Therefore, environmental enrichment through the diet can be strategic before their release into nature. In this research, a feeding trial was undertaken to evaluate the potential use of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) larvae (TM) provisions to captive bred couples of Sardinian partridges (Alectoris barbarabarbara Bonaterre, 1790) during the laying period. Twenty-four couple-caged Sardinian breeding partridges were enrolled during the laying period (April–May 2019) and randomly allotted to two feeding groups of 12 couples each: (a) the control (CON) group was fed a conventional complete pelleted diet for laying quails; (b) the yellow mealworm enriched group was additionally fed 5% whole, defrosted TM larvae (TM5%) on top of the same amount of the control diet. As a prerequisite, partridges were unaccustomed to eating mealworms before the start of the trial. Daily feed intake (DFI), bodyweight (BW), and number of laid eggs (LE) were monitored over five weeks of experimental feeding. Partridges fed the TM5% diet displayed a higher preference for whole mealworms (first choice and complete consumption) than expressed for the CON pelleted feed. Differences in daily dry matter intake (p = 0.028) between CON and TM5% groups were observed (DMI: 42.6 ± 1.73 vs. 43.4 ± 1.62 g, respectively); the final body weights (BW) (p = 0.098) of birds in the CON group was higher than those in the TM5% group (435 ± 36.9 vs. 416 ± 36.3 g, respectively). Differences in daily energy intake relative to BW (p < 0.001) as well as relative to metabolic weight (BW0.75) (p < 0.001) were observed between groups, but this was not followed by higher BW, probably due to the absence of grit and inaccessible nutrients and energy (larval exoskeleton). No difference in the average LE per week and egg weight was observed between CON and the enriched TM5% groups, though in the last weeks, a statistically lower number of eggs was laid in TM5% group. Our results suggest that whole yellow mealworms can be a promising feed material to broaden the spectrum of competence for natural feeding sources with similar physical form and nutritional characteristics available in the environment.
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Mereu, Paolo, Valentina Satta, Gian N. Frongia, Fiammetta Berlinguer, Marco Muzzeddu, Alfonso Campus, Luca Decandia, et al. "The complete mtDNA sequence of the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus): Phylogenetic analysis and haplotype frequency variations after restocking in the Sardinian population." Biological Conservation 214 (October 2017): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.08.017.
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Brundu, Brunella, Silvia Battino, and Ivo Manca. "The sustainable tourism organization of rural spaces. The island of Sardinia in the era of "staycation"." Proceedings of the ICA 4 (December 3, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-4-15-2021.
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Abstract. What future for tourism in the COVID-19 era? This is a question that has become part of the daily life of many tourist destinations. The pandemic has affected all economic sectors and tourism is one of the sectors most suffered. According to data from the World Tourism Organization (2021) due to the health emergency 100% of countries have introduced restrictions in the travel sector and for this reason international tourist arrivals dropping by 74% in 2020. Future projections indicate 2023 as the year when a the "regular" flow of tourists can be recorded globally. However, in the meantime, there is a need to improve this sector by implementing strategies to promote and enhance the places to motivate sustainable tourism. The insecurity of travel and of some destinations, due to the many emergency restrictions, pushes tourists to live an outdoor vacation in contact with nature and host community. Thus, the search for authentic places moves minds more consciously towards sustainable tourism practices showing a greater interest in some forms of tourism such as rural and cultural.The aim of this work is to understand how to deal with the "new" needs of the demand, bringing out the rural realities through the creation of an organized sustainable offer that revolves around existing accommodation facilities such as farmhouses. In particular, the case of Sardinia will be analyzed, an island that has long been known for its seaside tourism, but whose rural and internal areas are still not much used touristically. The study intends, after a short review of the literature on the sustainability of rural tourism, highlight the possibility to create rural tourist itineraries capable of enhancing the territory's peculiarities by combining the different landscape assets. The exemplification of the creation of these routes will be realized in GIS field through the creation of a model of accessibility to the Sardinian rural space. This model will be based on the use of isochronous curves obtained from the analysis of travel times both to move towards and from the agritourism that offer accommodation and within their landscape offer.
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Ciuti, Simone, Anna Pipia, Stefano Grignolio, Fabio Ghiandai, and Marco Apollonio. "Space use, habitat selection and activity patterns of female Sardinian mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon) during the lambing season." European Journal of Wildlife Research 55, no. 6 (May 27, 2009): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-009-0279-y.
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Coppi, Andrea, Alessio Mengoni, and Federico Selvi. "AFLP fingerprinting of Anchusa (Boraginaceae) in the Corso-Sardinian system: Genetic diversity, population differentiation and conservation priorities in an insular endemic group threatened with extinction." Biological Conservation 141, no. 8 (August 2008): 2000–2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.05.015.
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Dessì, Adriano, and João Gomes da Silva. "Agrevolutions. Esempi di coevoluzione nel paesaggio agrario tra Sardegna e Portogallo." Ri-Vista. Research for landscape architecture 20, no. 2 (February 23, 2023): 254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rv-13343.
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The paper refers to research and projects shared between Sardinian and Portuguese agricultural landscapes which, starting from the continuous investigation of this common cultural matrix, try to trace an evolutionary line of the historicized ways of co-evolutionary landscape construction and foreshadow some possible scenarios of continuity.In particular, the paper will focus on two projects by the Global Arquitectura Pajsagista studio in Alentejo, in which the approach to the study of the place can refer to a multi-scale methodology that links the study of the historical uses of agricultural landscapes, with the understanding of physical structures and evolution of vegetation cover foreshadowing a new idea of space starting from the interaction between man and these two dominant ones. With respect to these two topics declined in the “man-soil” and “man-living beings” relationship, it can be said that agricultural projects - and this is historically true, but even more so today - argued exactly the necessary meeting between utilitarian practices and symbolic of the primary productive activities of man with the “self poietic” and “ecological” regenerative dynamics of a specific way of organizing the terrestrial space. The presented cases, in fact, try to show the landscape design ability, into the rural Mediterranean areas, to activate co-evolution processes between the regeneration of agricultural soils and the human needs of inhabiting linked to leisure and refreshment.
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Colavitti, Anna Maria, and Alessia Usai. "Partnership building strategy in place branding as a tool to improve cultural heritage district’s design. The experience of UNESCO’s mining heritage district in Sardinia, Italy." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 5, no. 2 (August 17, 2015): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-02-2014-0007.
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Purpose – Literature on cultural districts has repeatedly pointed out the role of place branding as a tool to upgrade the image of urban environment as an indicator of meaning and significance. Throughout the case of UNESCO’s mining heritage district in Sardinia (Italy), the purpose of this paper is to investigate on the role that Place Branding Organizations (PBOs) has and/or may have in the construction of coherent images for landscape and cultural heritage in the design of “sustainable” cultural districts in connection with local authorities’ agenda. At this purpose, the authors propose an operative definition of “partnership building strategy” and a new analytic framework to evaluate PBO’s activity within place branding theory. Design/methodology/approach – Considering what recently expressed by UNESCO about the integration between spatial and cultural planning, the authors focus the research on cultural heritage districts protected by this organization. Starting from the definition of strategy proposed by Anholt (2011) and the participation-based approach outlined by Hankinson (2010), the authors propose a new analytic framework to evaluate PBO’s activity and the authors try to apply it to the experience of mining heritage in Sardinia (Italy), comparing the activity of local PBOs (the Consortium for the UNESCO’s Sardinian Geo-mining Park and the Local Tourism System) with the Development Plan of the Carbonia-Iglesias Province. In the final part of the work, the authors discuss the outcomes of the comparative analysis in terms of partnership building strategy and its influence on cultural heritage district design. Findings – The experience of the Sardinia district proves that partnership building strategy has a relevant role both in place branding and cultural heritage district design but it is not sufficient to make this letter really functioning. It confirms also that a place brand can survive to political regime changes on a periodic basis only if the PBO establishes an appropriate institutional framework for the creation of a cooperative network that can take the branding process forward. The research finding about place branding of UNESCO’s mining heritage sites, outline the demand for a new and more integrated approach in the district design, inspired to the geographic studies on “cultural basin.” Research limitations/implications – The analytical framework which the authors provide on the basis of a new operative definition of partnership strategy building, has proved to be a useful tool to assess PBO’s activity but, despite this, it represents only a partial result because the theoretical model of the relationships between PBOs, local and supra-local actors requires further developments to describe the effective type and nature of this links. Practical implications – The research finding about place branding of UNESCO’s mining heritage sites, outline the demand for a new and more integrated approach in the district design, inspired to the geographic studies on “cultural basin.” To achieve a real sustainable development and a shared enhancement of identity and landscape, the authors propose as a possible solution the abandonment of administrative boundaries in cultural planning through a correspondence between cultural district and historic region, this latter defined according to the methods and tools developed by the geographical sciences for the “cultural basin.” At this scope the authors propose a new methodological framework which takes the participation-based place branding into the “cultural heritage chain” for the district design, setting a future research agenda. Originality/value – The authors propose an operative definition of “partnership building strategy” for the participation-based approach outlined by Hankinson (2010) and, on this base, the authors test a new analytic framework to evaluate PBOs’ activity which combines the traditional activities of promotion and marketing with PBOs’ partnership strategies. Finally, the authors propose a methodological frame which brings the participation-based place branding into the “cultural heritage chain” setting a future research agenda in cultural heritage district’s design.
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Carlestål, Eva. "Athens of Sardinia: Culture and nature." Anuac 2, no. 1 (June 28, 2015): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7340/anuac2239-625x-74.
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At the beginning of the 21st century Nuoro, capital of the province with the same name situated in the Barbagia district, central Sardinia, has approximately 37 000 inhabitants. At the previous turn of the century it had roughly 7 000 inhabitants. In spite of its then smallness as well as relative isolation due to its inland position, the town gave birth to several authors, poets, painters, sculptors, and other intellectuals who were to become widely known in the years to follow, thus Nuoro’s denomination as Athens of Sardinia. In this article I will present the most renowned of these personalities, before taking the reader on a fictive walk through the town in order to give further evidence of its extraordinarily rich and lively culture. I then intend to show that in spite of its richness culture does not in any way drive out the love and respect for nature among the Nuoresi as has often been demonstrated to be the case in other parts of South Italy. Thus, this article’s subtitle Culture and Nature instead of the more commonly used “culture versus nature” when pointing at the dichotomy between the two domains.
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Sirigu, Serena, and Nicola Montaldo. "Climate Change Impacts on the Water Resources and Vegetation Dynamics of a Forested Sardinian Basin through a Distributed Ecohydrological Model." Water 14, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 3078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14193078.
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Climate change is impacting Mediterranean basins, bringing warmer climate conditions. The Marganai forest is a natural forest protected under the European Site of Community Importance (Natura 2000), located in Sardinia, an island in the western Mediterranean basin, which is part of the Fluminimaggiore basin. Recent droughts have strained the forest′s resilience. A long-term hydrological database collected from 1922 to 2021 shows that the Sardinian forested basin has been affected by climate change since the middle of the last century, associated with a decrease in winter precipitation and annual runoff, reduced by half in the last century, and an increase of ~1 °C in the mean annual air temperature. A simplified model that couples a hydrological model and a vegetation dynamics model for long-term ecohydrological predictions in water-limited basins is proposed. The model well predicted almost one century of runoff observations. Trees have suffered from the recent warmer climate conditions, with a tree leaf area index (LAI) decreasing systematically due to the air temperature and a vapor pressure deficit (VPD) rise at a rate of 0.1 hPa per decade. Future climate scenarios of the HadGEM2-AO climate model are predicting even warmer conditions in the Sardinian forested basin, with less annual precipitation and higher air temperatures and VPD. Using these climate scenarios, we predicted a further decrease in runoff and tree transpiration and LAI in the basin, with a reduction of tree LAI by half in the next century. Although the annual runoff decreases drastically in the worst scenarios (up to 26%), runoff extremes will increase in severity, outlining future scenarios that are drier and warmer but, at the same time, with an increased flood frequency. The future climate conditions undermine the forest’s sustainability and need to be properly considered in water resources and forest management plans.
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MOROZ, Andriy. "RUSSIAN SOLDIERS AND OFFICERS SEEN BY THE FRENCH WITNESSES OF THE CRIMEAN WAR (1853-1856) IN THE NOVEL BY L. BOUSSENARD "LE ZOUAVE DE MALAKOFF" (LINGUOIMAGOLOGICAL ASPECT)." Accents and Paradoxes of Modern Philology, no. 5 (November 8, 2020): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2521-6481-2020-5-02.
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The article deals with the means of linguoimagological verbalization. Linguoimagology is a new trend in philology. The term was introduced by L. Ivanova. The author of the article analyzed the features of the linguistic perception’s interpretation of the Russian officers and soldiers by the French witnesses during the Russo-Turkish War which started in 1853 and finished in 1856. We have selected for the analysis "Le Zouave de Malakoff" – the novel by L. Boussenard. The book describes the military activities on the peninsula. It should be underlined that this work has never been translated from French into the Ukrainian language and is a rare volume even in the motherland. The author pays great attention to the description of fighting of the Russian troops. L. Boussenard evaluates the war activities in the Crimean War and everyone has a good chance to see them with the eyes of a French person. It looks, as if he or she paricipates in the described campaign. This novel fully depicted the events of the mid-nineteenth century which happened on the Crimean peninsula where the British, French, Russian, Sardinian, and Turkish armies fought. In the article various discourses were considered. The volume of the work let us deal only with the military activities associated with the soldiers and officers of the Russian army from the point of view of the French participants. We came to such an assumption that besides the positive attitude to the enemies, L. Boussenard also had ironic assessment of them and of the activities conducted by the people. Thus, it should be concluded that, the view of the Russians by the French is presented ambivalently in the linguoimagological aspect. The writer gives characteristics which have positive connotations, together with those which contain negative ones in their semantics. The author used repetitions, alliteration, hyperbole, comparison, short sentences, and metaphor. Generally speaking, the descriptions of the attacks and retreats of the armies are rendered in the present tenses. With the help of this stylistic detail, the narrator reveals the features of the battles, the nature of the involved armies more colorfully.
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Ferrarini, Alessandro, Marco Gustin, and Claudio Celada. "Simulation Modeling Unveils the Unalike Effects of Alternative Strategies for Waterbird Conservation in the Coastal Wetlands of Sardinia (Italy)." Biology 12, no. 11 (November 16, 2023): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12111440.
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The Sardinian wetlands (Italy) act as stopover sites for many migratory birds along the central eastern Mediterranean bird flyway. These wetlands are now severely threatened by human activities and climate change. Accordingly, we built a simulation framework to predict the effects of several counterfactual and management scenarios on the level of avian diversity in the coastal wetlands of Sardinia. We found that the alpha avian diversity (i.e., the mean number of avian species per wetland) is destined to (a) decrease due to the most likely increase in water salinity, water discharges, and tourism pressure; and (b) halve (from 14.9 to 7.4, with 9 wetlands out of 22 predicted to host only between two and five waterbird species) in the worst possible scenario. However, the results also showed that proper management strategies could prevent and reverse such outcomes. Restrictions on tourism activities, water desalination, prevention of future saltwater intrusions, and the prohibition of water discharges could markedly favor the avian diversity in these wetlands, with an expected increase in the alpha avian diversity from 14.9 to 24.8 (and 10 wetlands out of 22 predicted to host from 29 to 32 waterbird species) in the best possible scenario. The importance of our results could be emphasized in the management plans of these important wetlands, most of which belong to the Natura 2000 network.
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Hosseiniporgham, Sepideh, Tiziana Cubeddu, Stefano Rocca, and Leonardo A. Sechi. "Identification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in Sheep Milk, a Zoonotic Problem." Microorganisms 8, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091264.
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Johne’s disease (JD) is a life-threatening gastrointestinal disease affecting ruminants, which causes crucial economical losses globally. This ailment is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), a fastidious intracellular pathogen that belongs to the Mycobacteriaceae family. This acid-fast, hard-to-detect bacterium can resist milk pasteurization and be conveyed to dairy product consumers. Many studies have emphasized the zoonotic nature of MAP, suggesting an association between MAP and some gastroenteric conditions such as Crohn’s disease in humans. This underlines the importance of utilizing efficient pasteurization alongside a state-of-the-art diagnostic system in order to minimize the possible ways this pathogen can be conveyed to humans. Until now, no confirmatory MAP screening technique has been developed that can reveal the stages of JD in infected animals. This is partially due to the lack of an efficient gold-standard reference method that can properly evaluate the performance of diagnostic assays. Therefore, the following research aimed to compare the merits of qPCR and ELISA assessments of milk for the detection of MAP in a total of 201 Sardinian unpasteurized sheep milk samples including 73 bulk tank milk (BTM) and 128 individual samples from a MAP-infected flock (MIF) applying various reference models. Accordingly, milk qPCR and ELISA assessments, together and individually, were used as reference models in the herd-level study, while serum ELISA and fecal PCR were similarly (together and in isolation) considered as the gold standards in the individual-level diagnosis. This study showed that the type of gold-standard test affects the sensitivity and specificity of milk qPCR and ELISA significantly. At the individual level in the MAP-infected flock, serum ELISA in isolation and together with fecal PCR were recognized as the best references; however, the best correlation was seen between milk and serum ELISA (p < 0.0001). Regarding the detection of MAP in BTM, qPCR IS900 was recognized as the most sensitive and specific diagnostic test (p < 0.0001) for monitoring the MAP shedders and animals with clinically developed symptoms within herds, under the condition that both milk qPCR and milk ELISA tests formed a binary reference model. The BTM analyses (qPCR and ELISA) revealed that MAP positivity has a seasonal pattern. This hypothesis was proven through a longitudinal study on 14 sheep herds.
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Lai, Franco. "Nature and the city: the salt-works park in the urban area of Cagliari (Sardinia, Italy)." Journal of Political Ecology 20, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v20i1.21771.
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The re-use and the domestication of nature in abandoned areas is becoming a theme of increasing relevance in European (and Italian) public debate. This article uses Gilles Clément's concept of 'third landscape' to understand the transformation of an urban salt works into a public park. Salt production in Cagliari (Sardinia, Italy) was suspended in 1984 because of pollution from urban sewage. Some years after abandonment, the state salt works eventually became a public park. People frequented the area before its establishment and eventually the salt works became a place for running, canoeing, walking, biking, birdwatching and other outdoor activities. The article shows how this abandoned area became a park and heritage site, though stakeholder support. It analyzes the local discourse that continues to represent and protect the area as 'green,' where nature can be enjoyed, despite its industrial heritage.Keywords: salt works, wetlands, coastal parks, European coastal cities, Sardinia
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Zoppi, Corrado. "Integration of Conservation Measures Concerning Natura 2000 Sites into Marine Protected Areas Regulations: A Study Related to Sardinia." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 3460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103460.
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This study defines and discusses a spatial planning approach, which can be integrated into conservation measures, regarding the sites of the Natura 2000 Network—established under the provisions of Directive No. 92/43/EEC (the “Habitats” Directive), and Directive No. 2009/147/EC (the “Birds” Directive)—into the regulations of marine protected areas. The protected marine area of the Island of Tavolara and Cape Coda Cavallo, located in North-Eastern Sardinia (which is overlapped by a Natura 2000 Site) is the spatial context for the implementation of the proposed methodology. The comprehensive outcome of this study, that is, the implementation of the proposed spatial planning approach into regulations regarding the previously mentioned protected marine areas, is particularly relevant for the scientific and technical debate on spatial planning. This debate is related to protection of nature and natural resources, since the issue of integration of the conservation measures related to Natura 200 Network, into regulations of protected areas, is an open question, which needs further consideration and insights.
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Lai, Sabrina, Federica Leone, and Corrado Zoppi. "Implementing Green Infrastructures beyond Protected Areas." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 3544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103544.
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According to the European Commission, green infrastructure (GI) is conceived as a strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas. This definition highlights three important issues: environment protection, ecosystems multifunctionality and ecological connectivity. Building upon a methodology that identifies a Sardinian regional GI in relation to four values (conservation value, natural value, recreational value and landscape value), this study aims at assessing the suitability of areas situated within and outside protected areas’ boundaries to be included in the above-mentioned Sardinian regional GI. In relation to conservation value, outcomes reveal a higher suitability of patches situated within protected areas to be included in the regional GI, whereas in relation to the other three values, the behavioral patterns are less evident. These results suggest specific policy recommendations such as mitigation of land-taking processes, increase of Natura 2000 Network’s size, accurate identification of landscape goods, and improved accessibility to sites characterized by outstanding natural beauty.
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Cardil, A., M. Salis, D. Spano, G. Delogu, and D. Molina Terrén. "Large wildland fires and extreme temperatures in Sardinia (Italy)." iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 7, no. 3 (June 2, 2014): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/ifor1090-007.
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Brandmayr, Enrico, Franco Vaccari, and Giuliano Francesco Panza. "Neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment of Corsica-Sardinia block." Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 33, no. 1 (October 18, 2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-021-01033-w.
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AbstractThe Corsica-Sardinia lithospheric block is commonly considered as a region of very low seismicity and the scarce reported seismicity for the area has till now precluded the reliable assessment of its seismic hazard. The time-honored assumption has been recently questioned and the historical seismicity of Sardinia has been reevaluated. Even more, several seismogenic nodes capable of M5 + have been recognized in the Corsica-Sardinia block exploiting the morphostructural zonation technique, calibrated to earlier results obtained for the Iberian peninsula, which has structural lithospheric affinities with the Corsica-Sardinia block. All this allows now for the computation of reliable earthquake hazard maps at bedrock conditions exploiting the power of Neo Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment (NDSHA) evaluation. NDSHA relies upon the fundamental physics of wave generation and propagation in complex geologic structures and generates realistic time series from which several earthquake ground motion parameters can be readily extracted. NDSHA exploits in an optimized way all the available knowledge about lithospheric mechanical parameters, seismic history, seismogenic zones and nodes. In accordance with continuum mechanics, the tensor nature of earthquake ground motion is preserved computing realistic signals using structural models obtained by tomographic inversion and earthquake source information readily available in literature. The way to this approach has been open by studies focused on continental Italy and Sicily, where the agreement between hazard maps obtained using seismogenic zones, informed by earthquake catalog data, and the maps obtained using only seismogenic nodes are very good.
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Lombardini, M., M. Murru, A. Repossi, C. E. Cinerari, A. Vidus Rosin, L. Mazzoleni, and A. Meriggi. "Spring diet of the pine marten in Sardinia, Italy." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 38, no. 2 (July 2015): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2015.38.0183.
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Knowledge of a carnivore’s foraging behaviour is essential to understand its ecology. The pine marten Martes martes is commonly defined as an opportunistic generalist predator since its diet in Europe includes mammals, fruits, birds and invertebrates. Based on faecal analyses, we evaluated spring feeding habits and trophic niche breadth of the pine marten in a Mediterranean landscape on the island of Sardinia (Central Italy). The most important source of food for the pine marten was small mammals (mainly Apodemus sylvaticus, Mus musculus and Eliomys quercinus), accounting for 52% of the percent mean volume. Important secondary foods were invertebrates (mainly beetles and insect larvae) and birds (almost exclusively passerines), whereas large mammals, lagomorphs, reptiles and fruits made little contribution to the diet. The diet composition and the Levins’ index value suggest that the pine marten in Sardinia behaves as a facultative specialist predator, with a specialization towards small mammals.
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Leone, Federica, and Corrado Zoppi. "Conservation Measures and Loss of Ecosystem Services: A Study Concerning the Sardinian Natura 2000 Network." Sustainability 8, no. 10 (October 21, 2016): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su8101061.
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