Academic literature on the topic 'Saragossa (City)'

The water saving project, Saragossa, water saving city. 50 Good Practices aims to resolve the problems of water scarcity with a different approach which is cheaper, more ecological and free from social conflicts: increasing the efficiency of its use. It seeks to provide a model to be imitated by the more than 9,000 Spanish towns which waste over 1,500 hm3 of water per year. In 1997 a collective challenge was put forward: to save 1 billion litres of water in one year. In fact 1,176 billion litres was saved, 5.6% of domestic consumption. 50 Good Practices in efficient water use are currently being worked on. As we have demonstrated in the project, technological change is produced via imitation. The Hospital Royo Villanova, with a consumption of 382 litres per bed per day, is one such example to imitate; this is one of the best ratios in the world. Today Saragossa has one of the lowest ratios of domestic consumption per inhabitant per day in Spain: 96 litres.

Resumen La corona ha sido el principal símbolo de la realeza. Los reyes de Aragón no se coronaron en los dos primeros siglos de existencia del reino, pero en 1204 la situación sufrió un giro decisivo. Pedro II recibió la corona en Roma, y desde entonces los reyes de Aragón, con la excepción de Jaime I, disfrutaron del privilegio de ser coronados en la ciudad de Zaragoza, y lo hicieron por sí mismos. El ritual de la coronación se convirtió en el acto de manifestación pública más importante y simbólico de la monarquía aragonesa medieval. Abstract The Crown is the most notorious symbol of the Monarchy. The Kings of Aragon was not crowned during the two first centuries of your History, but in 1204 the situation is changed. Peter II was crowned in Roma, and in this moment, except James I the Conqueror, they enjoyed the privilege of receive the Crown in Saragossa city for themselves. The coronation’s ritual became in the act of public manifestation more important and symbolic of the medieval Monarchy Aragonese. Keywords Crown of Aragon, Coronation of the kings of Aragon, Peter II, James I the Conqueror, La Seo Cathedral, Aljafería Palace, Saragossa.

Abstract In the Islamic world, the idea of the “philosopher-king” became a relevant theme particularly from the tenth century onwards. Al-Fārābī, the political philosopher of Islam par excellence, discussed the perfect city ruled by the philosopher-king along the lines of Plato. Although al-Fārābī’s political thinking is susceptible to various interpretations, it contains a key idea that was most particularly significant for his readers: that human beings must seek perfection and the utmost happiness in theoretical life, but that utmost perfection and felicity are only possible within the virtuous city ruled by the philosopher-king. In al-Andalus, al-Muʾtaman ibn Hūd, king of Saragossa (r. 474/1081-478/1085) seems to follow these ideals. Al-Muʾtaman was a philosopher and a mathematician when he ascended the throne. Given that the scholars of his time and of the generations that followed criticised him for his religious beliefs and philosophical opinions, it may well be that he attempted to rule as a philosopher-king. This article presents, on the one hand, a study of the personal and intellectual biographies of al-Muʾtaman, and on the other, an analysis of the relationship between the rational sciences and the society that generated a king of his calibre, focusing above all on its intrinsic complexity and its roots (the intellectual legacy of Umayyad Cordova). In this way, the article provides insights into the relationship between knowledge and power and, more particularly, into the legitimising role of secular knowledge inside religiously oriented societies.

In this work, we address different biographical, botanical and scientific aspects of Leo von Boxberger (1897-1950): judge, diplomat, ornithologist, botanist and expert oologist. We focus on his relations with Carlos Baltz Leuschner (1851-1918), also German, a watchmaker by pro-fession and a dealer of animal especies (eggs and birds), settled in our city, where he died in 1918, since the begining of 1888. Boxberger lived in Cameroon until february 1916, when Germany was forced to abandon this colony before the advance of the allied troops. The Spanish neutra¬lity in the Great War made possible its subsequent confinement in the Peninsula, specifically in Saragossa, where he had the opportunity to become familiar with the world of Spanish birds and plants. Once the war was over, he was repatriated to his country. At the end of 1929, he moved to Malaga with his wife and three of his four daughters. From here, he made numerous trips to enclaves in the province of Malaga and even to different locations of the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco. The result of his stay in Malaga were three ornithological articles, as well as many botanical articles and one focused on his visit to the Maghreb. He remained in Malaga until 1934, when the Civil War was threatening Spain and he left. En este trabajo abordamos distintos aspectos biográficos, botánicos y científicos de Leo von Boxberger (1879-1950): juez, diplomático, ornitólogo, botánico y experto oólogo. Incidimos en sus relaciones con el también germano Carlos Baltz Leuschner (1851-1918), relojero de profesión y marchante de especies animales (huevos y aves), asentado en nuestra ciudad desde principios de 1888 en la que fallecería en 1918. Boxberger residió en Camerún hasta febrero de 1916, fecha en que, ante el avance de las tropas aliadas, Alemania se vio forzada a abandonar esta colonia. La neutralidad española en la Gran Guerra posibilitó su posterior confinamiento en la Península, concretamente en Zaragoza, donde tuvo la oportunidad de familiarizarse con el mundo de los pájaros y las plantas españolas. Una vez finalizada la contienda fue repatriado a su país. A finales de 1929 se trasladó con su mujer y tres de sus cuatro hijas a Málaga. Desde aquí realizó numerosos desplazamientos a enclaves provinciales malacitanos e incluso a distintas lo¬calidades del Protectorado Español de Marruecos. Fruto de su estadía en Málaga fueron tres ar¬tículos ornitológicos, otros tantos botánicos y uno centrado en su visita al Magreb. Permaneció en Málaga hasta 1934, que abandonaría cuando en España se acercaba amenazante la guerra civil.

Aquest article té com a objectiu inicial avaluar el grau de reconeixement i protecció jurídica del qual gaudeixen a Espanya les barriades d'habitatge massiu construïdes majoritàriament en la segona meitat del segle XX. Es tracta d'un dels períodes històrics de major creixement urbà, no obstant això, presenta un nivell de protecció clarament inferior a desenvolupaments residencials previs. La recerca pren com a punt de partida els registres d'arquitectura del segle XX, per a fer especial èmfasi en les possibilitats de protecció que ofereix el planejament urbanístic. Per a això la recerca se centra en tres casos d'estudi: Madrid, Saragossa i Màlaga. L'objectiu últim és albirar el potencial que té el planejament urbanístic per a superar les dificultats habitualment associades a la protecció patrimonial, així com per a introduir noves aproximacions conceptuals. El treball conclou posant l'accent sobre la força que tenen els instruments urbanístics en la conservació de la ciutat heretada, especialment en el cas de barriades residencials caracteritzades per forts processos d'obsolescència. Enfront de les figures de protecció de la legislació estatal o autonòmica, donades les obligacions i càrregues que comporten, la catalogació urbanística ofereix un major grau d'adaptació a les particularitats de cada cas i, en conseqüència, permeten articular una protecció més efectiva des d'aproximacions contemporànies. The initial aim of this article is to evaluate the degree of recognition and legal protection given to mass housing neighbourhoods built mainly in the second half of the 20th century in Spain. Even though this is one of the historical periods of greatest urban growth, it presents a level of protection that is clearly lower than previous residential developments. The research takes as its starting point the architectural records of the 20th century, in order to place special emphasis on the protection possibilities offered by urban planning. To this end, the research focuses on three case studies: Madrid, Zaragoza, and Malaga. The ultimate aim is to get a glimpse of the potential of urban planning to overcome the difficulties usually associated with heritage protection, as well as introduce new conceptual approaches. The paper concludes by emphasising the power of urban planning instruments in the conservation of the inherited city, especially in the case of residential neighbourhoods characterised by strong processes of obsolescence. Compared to the protection figures of state or regional legislation, given the obligations and burdens they entail, urban cataloguing offers a greater degree of adaptation to the particularities of each case and, consequently, allows more effective protection to be articulated from contemporary approaches. Este artículo tiene como objetivo inicial evaluar el grado de reconocimiento y protección jurídica del que gozan en España las barriadas de vivienda masiva construidas mayoritariamente en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Se trata de uno de los periodos históricos de mayor crecimiento urbano, sin embargo, presenta un nivel de protección claramente inferior a desarrollos residenciales previos. La investigación toma como punto de partida los registros de arquitectura del siglo XX, para hacer especial énfasis en las posibilidades de protección que ofrece el planeamiento urbanístico. Para ello la investigación se centra en tres casos de estudio: Madrid, Zaragoza y Málaga. El objetivo último es vislumbrar el potencial que tiene el planeamiento urbanístico para superar las dificultades habitualmente asociadas a la protección patrimonial, así como para introducir nuevas aproximaciones conceptuales. El trabajo concluye poniendo el acento sobre la fuerza que tienen los instrumentos urbanísticos en la conservación de la ciudad heredada, especialmente en el caso de barriadas residenciales caracterizadas por fuertes procesos de obsolescencia. Frente a las figuras de protección de la legislación estatal o autonómica, dadas las obligaciones y cargas que conllevan, la catalogación urbanística ofrece un mayor grado de adaptación a las particularidades de cada caso y, en consecuencia, permiten articular una protección más efectiva desde aproximaciones contemporáneas.

Au-delà de replacer les transformations du paysage commercial alimentaire dans deux contextes urbains différents, cette thèse a pour objectif de montrer qu’à travers le renouvellement de l’appareil marchand de proximité dans les centres-villes, il est possible de mettre en perspective les évolutions plus générales de la ville contemporaine. Qu’elle soit considérée compacte (Saragosse), ou au contraire diffuse (Toulouse), celle-ci présente des points forts et des faiblesses qui révèlent la difficulté de trouver une fabrique idéale de la ville ou plus modestement de promouvoir une organisation commerciale plus qu’une autre. La proximité redessinée au spectre du temps laisse ainsi entrevoir des réajustements incessants qui initiés par les mutations des formes, des formats, et des règlementations restent surtout insufflés par les aspirations versatiles des chalands. Exogènes ou endogènes, mobiles ou «assignés à résidence», ils restent au final, les principaux artisans de la reconfiguration globale de la ville par leur façon d’entreprendre l’espace urbain en général, mais aussi les territoires du quotidien. L’observation des pratiques les plus banales, permettent alors de pointer les disparités socio-spatiales les plus stigmatisantes
Commercial activities are key indicators of social and urban changes. Studying the evolution of grocery stores located in city centers, we concentrate our work on the geographic and social analysis of these commercial mutations in two different metropolitan areas. We compare and analyse these dynamics in Zaragoza (Spain), described as a compact city, and in Toulouse (France), considered as a critical example of uncontrolled urban sprawl. The weaknesses, forces and sustainability (in a social and environmental way) of these two urban morphologies are confronted. The contemporary idea of impulsing a perfect urban model, in a sense where all part of cities would be "close" in space and time by controlling the location of commercial activities, emerge as another urban utopia. Even if national and local authorities produce planning documents to reduce commuting related to shopping, consumers habits explain the major part of the urban recombinations observed. Finally, using a common indicator such as grocery stores enhance the usual social and spatial segregation our urban societies have to deal with

Between 1679 and 1681 Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna took the position of Viceroy of Aragon and moved to Spain for a few years. His time in Saragozza as a noble foreigner in a position of political power proved quite challenging and led him to spend most of his time in Madrid, so that he could also attend the celebrations for the wedding of King Charles II and try to negotiate some sort of deal with Maria, who lived in a convent in the city. The self-fashioning of a foreign diplomat in a new country also relied heavily on his ability to construct his identity through the objects, furniture, paraphernalia, and books that he took with him. This chapter considers Lorenzo Onofrio’s Spanish years, with a particular emphasis on his self-fashioning through the books, scores, and librettos he brought with him on this very meaningful journey.