Relevant bibliographies by topics / SAR

Academic literature on the topic 'SAR'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "SAR"

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Czarnocka, Weronika, Yosef Fichman, Maciej Bernacki, Elżbieta Różańska, Izabela Sańko-Sawczenko, Ron Mittler, and Stanisław Karpiński. "FMO1 Is Involved in Excess Light Stress-Induced Signal Transduction and Cell Death Signaling." Cells 9, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9102163.

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Because of their sessile nature, plants evolved integrated defense and acclimation mechanisms to simultaneously cope with adverse biotic and abiotic conditions. Among these are systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and systemic acquired acclimation (SAA). Growing evidence suggests that SAR and SAA activate similar cellular mechanisms and employ common signaling pathways for the induction of acclimatory and defense responses. It is therefore possible to consider these processes together, rather than separately, as a common systemic acquired acclimation and resistance (SAAR) mechanism. Arabidopsis thaliana flavin-dependent monooxygenase 1 (FMO1) was previously described as a regulator of plant resistance in response to pathogens as an important component of SAR. In the current study, we investigated its role in SAA, induced by a partial exposure of Arabidopsis rosette to local excess light stress. We demonstrate here that FMO1 expression is induced in leaves directly exposed to excess light stress as well as in systemic leaves remaining in low light. We also show that FMO1 is required for the systemic induction of ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE 2 (APX2) and ZINC-FINGER OF ARABIDOPSIS 10 (ZAT10) expression and spread of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) systemic signal in response to a local application of excess light treatment. Additionally, our results demonstrate that FMO1 is involved in the regulation of excess light-triggered systemic cell death, which is under control of LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1). Our study indicates therefore that FMO1 plays an important role in triggering SAA response, supporting the hypothesis that SAA and SAR are tightly connected and use the same signaling pathways.
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Chen, Junyi, Yanyun Shen, Yinyu Liang, Zhipan Wang, and Qingling Zhang. "YOLO-SAD: An Efficient SAR Aircraft Detection Network." Applied Sciences 14, no. 7 (April 3, 2024): 3025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14073025.

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Aircraft detection in SAR images of airports remains crucial for continuous ground observation and aviation transportation scheduling in all weather conditions, but low resolution and complex scenes pose unique challenges. Existing methods struggle with accuracy, overlapping detections, and missed targets. We propose You Only Look Once-SAR Aircraft Detector (YOLO-SAD), a novel detector that tackles these issues. YOLO-SAD leverages the Attention-Efficient Layer Aggregation Network-Head (A-ELAN-H) module to prioritize essential features for improved accuracy. Additionally, the SAR Aircraft Detection-Feature Pyramid Network (SAD-FPN) optimizes multi-scale feature fusion, boosting detection speed. Finally, Enhanced Non-Maximum Suppression (EH-NMS) eliminates overlapping detections. On the SAR Aircraft Detection Dataset (SADD), YOLO-SAD achieved 91.9% AP(0.5) and 57.1% AP(0.5:0.95), surpassing the baseline by 2.1% and 1.9%, respectively. Extensive comparisons on SADD further demonstrate YOLO-SAD’s superiority over five state-of-the-art methods in both AP(0.5) and AP(0.5:0.95). The outcomes of further comparative experiments on the SAR-AIRcraft-1.0 dataset confirm the robust generalization capability of YOLO-SAD, demonstrating its potential use in aircraft detection with SAR.
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Gupta, Ashish, Braj Bhushan, and Laxmidhar Behera. "Neural response to sad autobiographical recall and sad music listening post recall reveals distinct brain activation in alpha and gamma bands." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): e0279814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279814.

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Although apparently paradoxical, sad music has been effective in coping with sad life experiences. The underpinning brain neural correlates of this are not well explored. We performed Electroencephalography (EEG) source-level analysis for the brain during a sad autobiographical recall (SAR) and upon exposure to sad music. We specifically investigated the Cingulate cortex complex and Parahippocampus (PHC) regions, areas prominently involved in emotion and memory processing. Results show enhanced alpha band lag phase-synchronization in the brain during sad music listening, especially within and between the Posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and (PHC) compared to SAR. This enhancement was lateralized for alpha1 and alpha2 bands in the left and right hemispheres, respectively. We also observed a significant increase in alpha2 brain current source density (CSD) during sad music listening compared to SAR and baseline resting state in the region of interest (ROI). Brain during SAR condition had enhanced right hemisphere lateralized functional connectivity and CSD in gamma band compared to sad music listening and baseline resting state. Our findings show that the brain during the SAR state had enhanced gamma-band activity, signifying increased content binding capacity. At the same time, the brain is associated with an enhanced alpha band activity while sad music listening, signifying increased content-specific information processing. Thus, the results suggest that the brain’s neural correlates during sad music listening are distinct from the SAR state as well as the baseline resting state and facilitate enhanced content-specific information processing potentially through three-channel neural pathways—(1) by enhancing the network connectivity in the region of interest (ROI), (2) by enhancing local cortical integration of areas in ROI, and (3) by enhancing sustained attention. We argue that enhanced content-specific information processing possibly supports the positive experience during sad music listening post a sad experience in a healthy population. Finally, we propose that sadness has two different characteristics under SAR state and sad music listening.
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Sumarjono, Erry, Agung Dwi Sutrisno, and Denanson Ornansah Sinaga. "DETERMINATION OF THE QUALITY WATER SANGON RIVER THAT EFFECTED BY AMALGAMATION GOLD ORE PROCESSING IN KALIREJO KOKAP DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA." KURVATEK 7, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33579/krvtk.v7i2.3758.

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Amalgamasi adalah salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk ekstraksi emas dengan menggunakan merkuri. Merkuri merupakan logam berat yang sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia. Pembuangan limbah pengolahan bijih emas dengan menggunakan metode amalgamasi yang masih mengandung merkuri ke sungai dapat mempengaruhi kualitas air sungai tersebut. Penelitian yang dilakukan di Sungai Sangon untuk mengukur kandungan merkuri di dalam air sungai tersebut dan menentukan status mutu air sungai tersebut berdasarkan baku mutu air dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 82 Tahun 2001. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di sepanjang aliran sungai pada titik SA1, SA2, SA3, SA4, SA5 dan SA6. Pengukuran kandungan merkuri dilakukan uji laboratorium dengan menggunakan metode Mercury Analyzer, LPPT Universitas Gadjah Mada. Hasil uji laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa kandungan merkuri di dalam air sungai Sangon masih jauh berada di bawah ambang batas yang ditentukan, sehingga masih aman digunakan untuk keperluan sesuai peruntukkan mutu air kela
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Khamseh, Amir. "On Generalized Schur Numbers of the Equation x+ay=z." Journal of Mathematics 2020 (May 31, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7069730.

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Let a and r be positive integers. By definition, sar is the least positive integer such that, for any r-coloring of the interval 1,sar, there exists a monochromatic solution to x+ay=z. For a=1, the numbers sr=s1r are classical Schur numbers. In this paper, we study the numbers sar for a≥2.
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Xun, Pengwei, Chuanpeng Zhou, Xiaolin Huang, Zhong Huang, Wei Yu, Yukai Yang, Tao Li, Jianbin Huang, Yang Wu, and Heizhao Lin. "Effects of Dietary Sodium Acetate on Growth Performance, Fillet Quality, Plasma Biochemistry, and Immune Function of Juvenile Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (February 9, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9074549.

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Six isonitrongenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to feed 360 fish (mean initial body weight: 6.06 ± 0.02 g) with graded levels of sodium acetate (SA1 (0), SA2 (250 mg/kg), SA3 (500 mg/kg), SA4 (1000 mg/kg), SA5 (2000 mg/kg), and SA6 (4000 mg/kg)) for 8 weeks. The results revealed that weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed intake of golden pompano were significantly increased in SA3 and SA4 treatments ( p < 0.05 ). Dietary SA level significantly improved lipid contents and gumminess of muscle ( p < 0.05 ). Supplement levels of dietary SA significantly influenced plasma biochemical parameters containing triglyceride, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, complements, and immunoglobulin M ( p < 0.05 ). Appropriate supplement levels of dietary SA significantly increased enzyme activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity and decreased malondialdehyde contents ( p < 0.05 ). Furthermore, appropriate SA levels downregulated the expression levels of Keap1, IL-8, TNF-α, and NF-κB genes and upregulated the expression levels of Nrf2 and TGF-β genes of the spleen ( p < 0.05 ). Excess SA caused negative effects for Trachinotus ovatus. The optimum supplement level of SA for juvenile golden pompano was evaluated to be 1423.67 mg/kg based on WGR.
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Gao, Fei, Wei Shi, Jun Wang, Erfu Yang, and Huiyu Zhou. "Enhanced Feature Extraction for Ship Detection from Multi-Resolution and Multi-Scene Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images." Remote Sensing 11, no. 22 (November 18, 2019): 2694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11222694.

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Independent of daylight and weather conditions, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images have been widely used for ship monitoring. The traditional methods for SAR ship detection are highly dependent on the statistical models of sea clutter or some predefined thresholds, and generally require a multi-step operation, which results in time-consuming and less robust ship detection. Recently, deep learning algorithms have found wide applications in ship detection from SAR images. However, due to the multi-resolution imaging mode and complex background, it is hard for the network to extract representative SAR target features, which limits the ship detection performance. In order to enhance the feature extraction ability of the network, three improvement techniques have been developed. Firstly, multi-level sparse optimization of SAR image is carried out to handle clutters and sidelobes so as to enhance the discrimination of the features of SAR images. Secondly, we hereby propose a novel split convolution block (SCB) to enhance the feature representation of small targets, which divides the SAR images into smaller sub-images as the input of the network. Finally, a spatial attention block (SAB) is embedded in the feature pyramid network (FPN) to reduce the loss of spatial information, during the dimensionality reduction process. In this paper, experiments on the multi-resolution SAR images of GaoFen-3 and Sentinel-1 under complex backgrounds are carried out and the results verify the effectiveness of SCB and SAB. The comparison results also show that the proposed method is superior to several state-of-the-art object detection algorithms.
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Uknes, S., T. Delaney, B. Vernooij, L. Friedrich, S. Williams, D. Chandler, K. Weymann, et al. "1007 SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 573g—574. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.573g.

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Systemic acquired resistance is a broad spectrum inducible defense response that is associated with the expression of a set of genes (SAR genes). Expression of one of these genes (PR-1a from tobacco) in transgenic tobacco confers increased tolerance to two oomycete pathogens. A direct role for salicylic acid (SA) in signaling SAR has been established in tobacco by analysis of transgenic tobacco expressing salicylate hydroxylase (SAH, an enzyme that inactivates SA by conversion to catechol). Tobacco plants that express SAH are blocked in the accumulation of SA and the development of SAR when responding lo TMV. Furthermore, both Arabidopsis and tobacco expressing SAH have altered pathogen induced lesion morphology, exemplified by larger spreading lesions. Putative mutants in SAR gene expression were isolated by screening M2 Arabidopsis plants for altered expression of PR-1 and PR-2 or for sensitivity to pathogen infection following INA treatment. The putative mutants all into two major classes,constitutive (cim, constitutive immunity) and non-inducible (nim, non-inducible immunity). Several cim mutants exhibits a disease lesion phenotype in the absence of pathogen.
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IRIE, HARUYUKI, and KEI TOKITA. "SPECIES-AREA RELATIONSHIP FOR POWER-LAW SPECIES ABUNDANCE DISTRIBUTION." International Journal of Biomathematics 05, no. 03 (May 2012): 1260014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793524512600145.

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We studied the mathematical relations between species abundance distributions (SADs) and species-area relationships (SARs) and found that a power-law SAR can be generally derived from a power-law SAD without a special assumption such as the "canonical hypothesis". In the present analysis, an SAR-exponent is obtained as a function of an SAD-exponent for a finite number of species. We also studied the inverse problem, from SARs to SADs, and found that a power-SAD can be derived from a power-SAR under the condition that the functional form of the corresponding SAD is invariant for changes in the number of species. We also discuss general relationships among lognormal SADs, the broken-stick model (exponential SADs), linear SARs and logarithmic SARs. These results suggest the existence of a common mechanism for SADs and SARs, which could prove a useful tool for theoretical and experimental studies on biodiversity and species coexistence.
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Li, Yu, Yuanzhi Zhang, Zifeng Yuan, Huaqiu Guo, Hongyuan Pan, and Jingjing Guo. "Marine Oil Spill Detection Based on the Comprehensive Use of Polarimetric SAR Data." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 4408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124408.

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As a major marine pollution source, oil spills largely threaten the sustainability of the coastal environment. Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar remote sensing has become a promising approach for marine oil spill detection since it could effectively separate crude oil and biogenic look-alikes. However, on the sea surface, the signal to noise ratio of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter is usually low, especially for cross-polarized channels. In practice, it is necessary to combine the refined detail of slick-sea boundary derived from the co-polarized channel and the highly accurate crude slick/look-alike classification result obtained based on the polarimetric information. In this paper, the architecture for oil spill detection based on polarimetric SAR is proposed and analyzed. The performance of different polarimetric SAR filters for oil spill classification are compared. Polarimetric SAR features are extracted and taken as the input of Staked Auto Encoder (SAE) to achieve high accurate classification between crude oil, biogenic slicks, and clean sea surface. A post-processing method is proposed to combine the classification result derived from SAE and the refined boundary derived from VV channel power image based on special density thresholding (SDT). Experiments were conducted on spaceborne fully polarimetric SAR images where both crude oil and biogenic slicks were presented on the sea surface.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SAR"

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Monteiro, Marcus Vinícius Teixeira. "Processador SAR com autofocalização para o SAR-SIVAM." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2005. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=215.

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O trabalho realizado teve como objetivo implementar um processo de autofocalização baseado no "Mapdrift" em um processador SAR que utiliza o algoritmo "Range Doppler"para gerar imagens a partir do sensor SAR aeroembarcado do SIVAM. O processo implementado utiliza a seleção de linhas azimutais de um bloco de dados brutos do Radar baseado na largura e pico da correlação entre dois "looks" para estimar o parâmetro de autofocalização do filtro azimutal. Os resultados mostram que o processamento de imagens que utiliza a seleção de linhas azimutais é mais rápido e gera qualidade focal semelhante se comparado com o processo que utiliza todas as linhas azimutais de um bloco de dados. Notou-se que a qualidade da focalização é melhorada quando se reduz o tamanho das linhas azimutais, mas o tempo de processamento é aumentado. Também se verificou a utilização de um conjunto dos dados coletados nas quatro polarizações (Lhh, Lvv, Lvh e Lhv) para estimar o parâmetro de focalização gera imagem de qualidade semelhante ao processo que utiliza apenas uma banda (Lhh).
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Pipia, Luca. "Polarimetric differential SAR Interferometry with ground-based sensors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6951.

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Las técnicas de Interferometría Diferencial se basan en la combinación de varias imágenes SAR con distinta separación temporal y permiten la recuperación de las componentes lineales y no-lineales del proceso de deformación ocurrida en el entorno de interés durante el entero periodo de observación. Condición imprescindible para una correcta estimación de los fenómenos geodéticos es la elevada estabilidad de la plataforma que embarca el sensor SAR. Por esta razón, a nivel operativo se utilizan datos SAR satelitales.
El objetivo de la Polarimetría SAR es describir el entorno de interés analizando las propiedades de la señal que éste dispersa cuando se utilizan diferentes combinaciones de polarización de las antenas transmisora y receptora, definidas canales polarimétricos. La polarimetría interferométrica SAR junta la capacidad de la polarimetría de separar mecanismos de dispersión independientes con la sensibilidad de la Interferometría a la altura de los correspondientes centros de fase, y permite describir la distribución volumétrica de los dispersores dentro de la escena observada. Debido a la falta de conjuntos de datos polarimétricos SAR satelitales que cubran tramos temporales suficientemente largos, hay aún un gran interés en las mejoras que la polarimetría podría aportar a técnicas ya consolidadas como las de Interferometría Diferencial.
La actividad de investigación que se presentará en esta tesis doctoral abarca, por primera vez conjuntamente, las dos áreas de la Polarimetría SAR y de la Interferometría Diferencial utilizando el sensor radar terrestre de corto alcance (gbSAR) desarrollado por la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunyua (UPC). El trabajo constará de dos bloques principales.
El primer bloque describirá las técnicas que se han desarrollado para convertir el sistema UPC gbSAR en un instrumento operativo y simplificar la utilización de sus adquisiciones, incluyendo la formulación matemática de los principios de funcionamiento del sistema, la cadena de procesado de los raw data y su calibración polarimétrica, los procedimientos de georeferenciación, y las técnicas de compensación de los artefactos atmosféricos presentes en sus medidas diferenciales.
La segunda parte se ocupará de demostrar los beneficios que los datos SAR polarimétricos ofrecen respecto a la medición de un único canal polarimétrico para aplicaciones diferenciales. A fin de llevar a cabo esta tarea, se analizarán los datos gbSAR adquiridos durante una campaña de medidas de un año realizada en el pueblo de Sallent, en Cataluña, afectado por un fenómeno de subsidencia. En esta parte se analizarán tres temas principales. El primero es el comportamiento no estacionario en tiempo del entorno urbano bajo la geometría de observación del sensor terrestre. Se estudiarán en detalle los efectos de su inestabilidad y se propondrá una técnica de filtrado novedosa entallada a las propiedades de los blancos deterministas con el fin de preservar la información de la fase diferencial. El segundo tema abarca el problema de los efectos de troposfera en datos diferenciales con separación temporal superior al mes y de su separación de las variaciones de fase inducidas por el proceso de deformación. El tercer tema es la utilización de toda la información polarimétrica diferencial. Con fin de superar las limitaciones propias de las técnicas DInSAR clásicas, se propondrá un nuevo modelo polarimétrico de dispersión y se demostrarán las ventajas de la nueva formulación enseñando la mejor estimación del proceso de subsidencia en Sallent. En la parte final de este apartado se explorará también el potencial de las técnicas polarimétricas de optimización de la coherencia para aplicaciones diferenciales.
Differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) deals with the combination of multi-temporal SAR images for the estimation of the linear and non-linear components of the deformation process within an area of interest during the whole observation period. A high stability of the platform is required for a reliable estimation of the geodetic phenomena. Accordingly, space-borne SAR images are operatively employed for DInSAR estimation, air-borne DInSAR still constituting a challenging research issue. SAR
Polarimetry aims at charactering the illuminated area through the analysis of its response under different combinations of transmitting and receiving antennas polarization, called polarimetric channels. The Polarimetric SAR Interferometry joins the capability of Polarimetry to separate independent scattering mechanisms and the sensitivity of Interferometry to the corresponding phase centers' elevation, making it possible to describe the volumetric distribution of the scatterers within the observed area. Owing to the lack of long-time collections of polarimetric space-borne SAR data, the studies carried out in this research field have been mainly based on air-borne acquisitions. Yet, there is a great expectation for the improvements that polarimetry may bring to assessed single-polarization techniques such as the DinSAR.
The research described in this PhD dissertation fills for the first time the gap between SAR Polarimetry and SAR Differential Interferometry through the employment of an X-band ground-based SAR (gbSAR) sensor developed by the Remote Sensing Lab of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC).
The work is divided into two main blocks. The first part deals with the algorithms that have been developed to make the UPC system operative and its acquisitions easy to use. Summarily, they include the mathematical formulation of the sensor's working principles, the raw data processing chain and the polarimetric calibration method, the geocoding procedures, and the techniques compensating for the atmospheric artefacts affecting gbSAR zero-baseline acquisitions.
The second part is concerned with demonstrating the benefits that polarimetric SAR measurements provide with respect to single-polarization data for differential applications. In order to cope with this task, the data sets acquired during a one-year measurement campaign carried out in the village of Sallent, northeastern Spain, are analyzed. The experiment was focused on monitoring the subsidence phenomenon affecting a district of the village with the UPC gbSAR sensor. Three main issues are here argued. The first one is the time non-stationary behaviors characterizing the urban environment at X-band in the gbSAR observation geometry. Their effects are analyzed in detail and a novel non-stationary filtering technique tailored to deterministic scatterers' properties is introduced to preserve the differential phase information. The second one is the compensation of the troposphere changes in long-time span gbSAR differential interferograms. A new technique is worked out to effectively separate the differential phase variations due to the atmospheric artefacts from the deformation components. The third one is the use of the whole polarimetric differential information. A novel polarimetric differential scattering model is put forward to relax the constraints of an advanced DInSAR technique, the Coherent Pixel Technique, and to propose an innovative polarimetric approach. The advantages offered by Polarimetric DInSAR are demonstrated in terms of quality of the deformation-rate map describing the subsidence phenomenon in Sallent. In the end, the potentials of coherence-optimization techniques for the further improvement of the deformation process estimation are stressed.
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Algafsh, Abdullah. "A comprehensive literature review of SAR polarimetric calibration for Waseda SAR Sensor." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13645.

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Includes bibliography.
This dissertation deals with a comprehensive literature review on SAR polarimetric calibration, as well as developing a polarimetric calibration procedure to be used for calibrating the sensor for the Waseda SAR project. The complete work is presented in six chapters. The dissertation starts by introducing Synthetic Aperture Radar Polarimetry (SAR polarimetry) by identifying the research objectives, and explains Waseda SAR project between King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology and the University of Cape Town. A comprehensive literature review on SAR polarimetric calibration is introduced in the dissertation. The literature review explains the developments in calibration methods from the early 1960’s to recent years, including passive and active reflector advantages as well as the limitations for both reflectors. Also, displaying the received power as a function of polarization in a graphic way is presented in the dissertation known as the ‘polarization signature’. Two examples are used which are: the trihedral corner reflector and the dihedral corner reflector. The two examples are the theoretical reference for the calibration procedure for Waseda SAR sensor. The calibrated data set collected from NASA’s Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) over California is analyzed. The data is contaminated with an unrealistically high amount of coupling (-5 dB) to show the coupling effect on the data and then remove the amount of coupling to return the data to its original form. The dissertation concludes with a calibration procedure to be used for calibrating Waseda SAR sensor using the presented methods of SAR polarimetric calibration. The procedure involves using external devices such as: trihedral corner reflectors and dihedral corner reflectors as well as calculating the sizes of the reflectors and how the calibration flights are to be coordinated and instrumented with the reflectors.
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Wuyts, Shirley Lynne. "SAR processing using PVM." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21763.

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Bibliography: pages 120-121.
This thesis explores various methods of using PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) to improve the speed of processing a SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image. A network of heterogeneous machines were set up as the basis of the parallel virtual machine. SAR processing software was written for testing the PVM. The software performed simplified range and azimuth compression on simulated SAR images of a point target The theory and results were examined as part of the thesis. Complications such as range curvature, range migration and range dependent focusing were not addressed.
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Manohar, Madhura. "Sigma receptor ligands: a systematic approach in the design and synthesis." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15788.

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The sigma (σ) receptor is a neuromodulatory protein, widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and to a lesser extent, the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Currently, two sigma receptor subtypes are known; sigma-1 receptors (S1R) and sigma-2-receptors (S2R), differing in molecular weight, pharmacological profile, distribution and function. The S1R has been implicated in depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, drug abuse and more recently for its involvement in analgesia. The design of highly subtype-selective ligands is limited by a lack of information regarding the S1R/S2R binding site, a lack of crystal structure data on S1R until 2016, as well as a large structurally-diverse collection of known ligands. The currently accepted pharmacophore arising from this extensive ligand library proposes an alkylamine core tethered by two hydrophobic groups. Several highly subtype-selective S1R ligands fitting this pharmacophore have been previously synthesised in the Kassiou laboratory. This project investigates the optimisation of the lead 1-(benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)-4-(4-methoxybenzyl)piperazine with considerable focus on the flexibility and basicity of the piperazine core. Furthermore, bioisosteres of piperazine, phenyl, and the size tolerance of the hydrophobic sites of the S1R are also investigated. Binding affinities and sub-type selectivities were determined by in vitro binding assays of both S1R and S2R, with structure-activity relationships drawn from these modifications. This work aims at refining the S1R pharmacophore and to create S1R-selective ligands that can be used as probes to further understand the physiological role, as well as the morphology, of the S1R receptor. Ultimately, they may lead to remedies to treat the CNS diseases associated with this receptor.
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Homann, Hanno [Verfasser], and O. [Akademischer Betreuer] Dössel. "SAR Prediction and SAR Management for Parallel Transmit MRI / Hanno Homann ; Betreuer: O. Dössel." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1184493987/34.

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Margarit, Martín Gerard. "Marine applications of SAR polarimetry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6944.

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Els oceans mantenen una fràgil i complexa cadena que enllaça un alt nombre de factors biològics, sociològics i econòmics. Actualment, aquest ecosistema està amenaçat per l'activitat humana i uns dels punts més crítics és la sobreexplotació pesquera. Això ha despertat la consciencia de les autoritats d'arreu per a protegir l'entorn marí i assegurar, així, la seguretat i supervivència dels éssers humans. Tal objectiu demana el desenvolupament de polítiques de control que monitorin l'activitat dels vaixells.

Fins l'actualitat, diferents propostes s'han estudiat per monitorar vaixells, com per exemple transpondedors, teledetecció òptica i sensors acústics passius. L'experiència en entorns reals ha demostrat que cap d'aquestes solucions és eficient. Una alternativa poden ser els Radars d'Obertura Sintètica (SAR). Aquests sistemes utilitzen les propietats de reflectivitat i dispersió dels vaixells per identificar-los amb independència de qualsevol fenomen atmosfèric i del cicle dia/nit. El sensors SAR sintetitzen una obertura més gran que la real permetent l'obtenció d'imatges de reflectivitat d'uns quants kilòmetres d'amplada amb una resolució de pocs metres.

En la monitorització de vaixells, la tecnologia SAR ha demostrat unes bones prestacions per la detecció. Treu profit del fet que els vaixells dispersen més energia que el mar i, així, apareixen en les imatges com punts molt brillants. Però, la seva utilitat en la identificació de vaixells encara no està clara. Hi ha dues limitacions importants: 1) les resolucions dels sistemes actuals no semblen suficients per aïllar característiques geomètriques a partir de la informació de reflectivitat i 2) les distorsions que les signatures dels vaixells experimenten en entorns marins. Aquests problemes es poden resoldre parcialment si s'utilitzen dades SAR multidimensional. Aquest concepte es refereix al fet d'adquirir imatges SAR modificant un o més paràmetres del sistema. En la classificació de vaixells, hi ha dues opcions clares: 1) Polarimetria SAR (PolSAR) que utilitza les dues components polarimètriques de l'ona EM i 2) la Interferometria SAR que s'obté per la combinació de dues imatges SAR adquirides des de posicions molt properes. Per a una banda, la polarització de l'ona EM és una propietat intrínseca de l'ona que ajuda a aïllar estructures geomètriques particulars per mitjà de la teoria de descomposició de blancs (TD). Per l'altra, la interferometria treu profit de la diferencia de fase entre les dues imatges SAR per obtenir la tercera dimensió de l'escena.

PolSAR and InSAR presenten grans possibilitats per la monitorització de vaixells ja que poden solucionar algunes de les limitacions dels mètodes clàssics. Desafortunadament, encara no han estat profundament estudiades a causa de les dificultats en obtenir dades reals validades. Això ha limitat el nombre d'estudis en aquesta temàtica. En aquest entorn, la tesi està orientada a avaluar fins a quin punt les tècniques PolSAR i InSAR poden ser útils per la monitorització de vaixells. Per a tal propòsit, s'han fixat quatre objectius importants:
1. El desenvolupament d'un simulador SAR eficient que doni imatges realistes de vaixells i que solucioni el dèficit de dades reals en entorns marins.
2. L'estudi de la dispersió dels vaixells que fixi els principals mecanismes de dispersió observats en imatges SAR i com es relacionen amb la geometria dels vaixells.
3. Un estudi de les prestacions de les tècniques actuals d'anàlisis de dades PolSAR en la classificació de vaixells.
4. El desenvolupament d'un mètode nou i eficient per la identificació de vaixells.

Al llarg de la tesis, els diferents punts seran estudiats i resolts. El desenvolupament de GRECOSAR, un simulador SAR de blancs complexes que dóna imatges de vaixells similars a les adquirides en entorns reals, ha estat essencial per estudiar les propietats de dispersió dels vaixells. Ha permès demostrar que els vaixells es poden distingir a partir del seu patró dispersiu, el qual és senzill i dominat per alguns dispersors guia que presenten una marcada estabilitat i potència de dispersió. Amb aquests resultats ha estat possible desenvolupar un nou mètode que pot identificar vaixells sota condicions d'observació adverses. Combina característiques polarimètriques i interferomètriques SAR (PolInSAR) per inferir estimacions 3D de la geometria dels vaixells. Diferents tests han demostrat que aquest mètode dóna una millor fiabilitat en la identificació que altres mètodes actualment disponibles. Malgrat tot, fixa uns requeriments tecnològics més elevats, sobretot en la resolució de les imatges i en les característiques PolInSAR. La nova generació de sensors SAR els poden cobrir.
Oceans support a complex and fragile chain that links a high number of biological, sociological and economical factors. In these days, this ecosystem is endangered by human activity and one of the main hot spots is overfishing. As a result, authorities worldwide have become aware about the necessity to law-protect the marine environment in order to assure the safety and sustenance of human beings. This demands the development of fisheries policy to monitor the activities of ships.

Up to now, different vessel monitoring proposals have been considered, for instance transponders, optical remote sensing or passive acoustic sensors. The lessons learnt in real scenarios have shown that none of these solutions is efficient. A feasible option may be the so-called active Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology. It uses the reflectivity/scattering properties of vessels for basing the identification process with independence of any atmospheric phenomena and day/night cycle. SAR sensors synthesize an antenna aperture larger than the real one and this allows to acquire reflectivity images of some tens of kilometers wide with a resolution of few meters.

In vessel monitoring, SAR imagery has proven good performance for vessel detection. They take profit of the fact that vessels normally backscatter more power than the sea and, hence, they appear in the images as bright spots. But their usefulness in vessel identification has not been established yet. There are two main limitations, namely: 1) the resolution of current systems that appears to be not enough for isolating geometrical features from the reflectivity information of SAR images and 2) the distortions that vessel' signatures experiment within sea scenarios. Such problems can be solved up to certain extend if multidimensional SAR data is used. This concept refers to the possibility to acquire different SAR images by modifying one or more imaging parameters. In the scope of vessel classification, there are two main options, namely: 1) SAR polarimetry (PolSAR) that refers to the usage of the two polarimetric components of the EM wave and 2) SAR interferometry (InSAR) derived by combining two SAR images acquired from slightly different positions. On the one hand, the polarization of an EM wave is an intrinsic wave property that helps on identifying specific geometrical structures via Target Decomposition (TD) theory. On the other hand, Interferometry takes profit of the phase difference between the two SAR images to retrieve the third dimension of the scene.

PolSAR and InSAR have great potentialities for supporting vessel monitoring as they can overcome some of the limitations of classical methods. Unfortunately, they have not been exploited yet due to the difficulties on having at one's disposal real data with reliable ground-truth. This has limited the number of works tackling such issue. In this framework, the current thesis is focused to evaluate up to which extend PolSAR and InSAR imagery are reliable for vessel monitoring. For such purpose, four main goals are proposed, namely:
1. The development of an efficient SAR simulation environment that provides realistic vessel SAR images and overcomes the current data deficiency related to marine scenarios.
2. The study of vessel scattering to fix the main polarimetric scattering mechanisms observed in vessel SAR images and how they are related with the geometries of vessels.
3. A performance study of current analysis tools of PolSAR data in vessel classification.
4. The development of a novel and efficient methodology for vessel identification.

Along the thesis, the different points are studied and solved. The development of GRECOSAR, a SAR simulator of complex targets able to provide vessel images similar to those obtained in real scenarios, has been essential for studying the scattering properties of vessels. It has allowed to show that vessels can be distinguished by means of their scattering pattern, which appear to be not so complex and dominated by some guide scatters that present a marked reflectivity stability and scattered power. With these results, a new approach able to identify vessels even under adverse observation conditions has been developed. It combines polarimetric and interferometric SAR (PolInSAR) capabilities to retrieve 3D estimates of the geometry of ships. Different tests have shown that the proposed method provides better identification confidence than other available methods. However, it demands higher technological requirements in terms of image resolution and PolInSAR features. The new generation of SAR sensors may fulfill them.
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Darling, Paul Simon. "SAR modelling for ecological applications." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297315.

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Sandys-Renton, Jane Belinda Elizabeth. "Segmentation techniques for SAR imagery." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317224.

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Beckett, Keith. "Real-time parallel SAR processing." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309878.

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Books on the topic "SAR"

1

Abidîn, Zeynel. Sar. Berlin: Soran, 2012.

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Azad, Humayun. Pak sar jamin sad bad. Dhaka: Agami, 2004.

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Azad, Humayun. Pak sar jamin sad bad. Dhaka: Agami, 2003.

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(Noshkī), Balūcī Ikaiḍamī, ed. Sar bāz. Noshakī: Balūcī Ikaiḍamī Noshkī, 2007.

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Shawq, Nawaz ʻAli. Sar dehar. Hyderabad: Shah ʻAbdul LatifBhit Shah Saqafati Markaz, n.d.

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Duggal, Kartar Singh. Saver sar. Delhi, India: Navyug, 1989.

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Disānāyaka, Saman Mahānāma. Pun̄ci sar. Koḷamba: Dayāvaṃśa Jayakoḍi saha Samāgama, 2003.

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1947-, Clancy Tom, Pocket Books, and Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), eds. North SAR. New York: Pocket Books, 1991.

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Constant, Gotengaye. Dictionnaire sar. Cuenca [Spain?]: Morkeg Books, 2016.

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Puṭṭappa, Pāṭīla. Sar Sāhēbaru: Sar Siddappa Kambaḷi avara jīvana sādhane. Hubbaḷḷi: Sāhitya Prakāśana, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "SAR"

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Barreiros, Ana Paula, and Klaus Böhler. "SAE/SAR/Qualitätssicherung." In Repetitorium Transplantationsbeauftragte, 215–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62614-6_21.

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Kendall, Stephen H., and John R. Dale. "Sar." In The Short Works of John Habraken, 329–35. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003011385-49.

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Furuya, Masato. "Sar Interferometry." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_97-1.

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Furuya, Masato. "SAR Interferometry." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10475-7_97-2.

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Capece, Pasquale, and Andrea Torre. "SAR Antennas." In Space Antenna Handbook, 511–47. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119945147.ch13.

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Furuya, Masato. "SAR Interferometry." In Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics, 1041–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8702-7_97.

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Putz, Mihai V., Ana-Maria Putz, Corina Duda-Seiman, and Daniel Duda-Seiman. "Spectral-SAR." In New Frontiers in Nanochemistry, 419–29. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. | Contents: Volume 1. Structural nanochemistry – Volume 2. Topological nanochemistry – Volume 3. Sustainable nanochemistry.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429022951-29.

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Shimada, Masanobu. "SAR Interferometry." In Imaging from Spaceborne and Airborne SARs, Calibration, and Applications, 251–302. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21909-12.

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Hein, Achim. "SAR basics." In Processing of SAR Data, 17–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09457-0_2.

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Gupta, Ravi Prakash. "SAR Interferometry." In Remote Sensing Geology, 367–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05283-9_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "SAR"

1

Jarrahi, Mojtaba, Jean-Pierre Thermeau, and Hassan Peerhossaini. "Heat Transfer Enhancement in Split and Recombine Flow Configurations: A Numerical and Experimental Study." In ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2016-7119.

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Abstract:
Heat transfer enhancement in laminar regime by split and recombine (SAR) mechanism, based on the baker’s transformation, is investigated. Two different heat exchangers, called SAR1 and SAR2, are studied. Their geometries are inspired from the previous studies reported in the literature. The working fluid on both, shell and tube side, is water and the temperature on the shell side is kept constant. Experiments are carried out for the Reynolds number range 100<Re<3000 when the Prandtl number is between 4.5 and 7.5. The results show that the convective heat transfer coefficient in the first element of heat exchanger SAR1 is higher than that in the second one, i.e. SAR2. However, the variation in the convective heat transfer coefficient from the first to the third element along the heat exchanger SAR2 is less significant than that observed for SAR1. Moreover, SAR2 causes a higher pressure drop, especially when Re>1000, and provides a less uniform temperature field at the outlet.
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Liu, Zhe, Weijie Xia, and Yongzhen Lei. "SAR-GPA: SAR Generation Perturbation Algorithm." In AISS 2021: 2021 3rd International Conference on Advanced Information Science and System. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3503047.3503136.

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Werner, Marian U., and Josef Schandl. "X-SAR as high-performance interferometric SAR." In Satellite Remote Sensing II, edited by Giorgio Franceschetti, Christopher J. Oliver, James C. Shiue, and Shahram Tajbakhsh. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.227146.

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Doerry, Armin W., and Doug Bickel. "3D SAR approach to IF SAR processing." In AeroSense 2000, edited by Edmund G. Zelnio. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.396318.

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Anil Raj, J., Sumam Mary Idicula, and Binu Paul. "SAR target identification using SAR-COM technique." In 2019 9th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Communication (ICACC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacc48162.2019.8986210.

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Torre, Andrea. "Compact SAR: A flexible multimission SAR satellite." In 2015 IEEE 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsar.2015.7306162.

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Yasir, Muhammad, Wan Jianhua, Liu Shanwei, and Xu Mingming. "SAR Ship Target Detection Using SAR Images." In 2023 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (IPCCC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipccc59175.2023.10253843.

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Fujimura, Takashi, Kiyonobu Ono, Hidefumi Nagata, Norihiko Omuro, Tsunekazu Kimura, and Minoru Murata. "New small airborne SAR based on PI-SAR2." In IGARSS 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7325885.

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Hochwald, B. M., D. J. Love, Su Yan, and Jianming Jin. "SAR codes." In 2013 Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ita.2013.6502942.

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Shen, Qijie, Wanjie Tao, Jing Zhang, Hong Wen, Zulong Chen, and Quan Lu. "SAR-Net." In CIKM '21: The 30th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3459637.3481948.

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Reports on the topic "SAR"

1

Despain, A., P. Banks, M. Cornwall, W. Dally, and F. Dyson. SAR,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada295020.

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Doerry, Armin Walter. SAR ambiguous range suppression. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893128.

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Murphy, David Patrick, and Matthew Thomas Calef. Data Analytics for SAR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1396159.

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Barnes, Richard M., and Dennis J. Blejer. Polarimetric SAR Antenna Characterization. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada213438.

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Singhroy, V., K. Mattar, and A. L. Gray. Landslide Characterization in Canada Using Interferometric SAR and Combined SAR and TM Images. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219148.

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Steinbach, Ryan Matthew, Mark William Koch, Mary M. Moya, and Jeremy Goold. Building Detection in SAR Imagery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171460.

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Sweet, Nathan, Timothy P. Bielek, John D. Matthews, Henry John Coakley, and Len Pan. GFF Specification for SAR Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171563.

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Doerry, Armin W. SAR Image Complex Pixel Representations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1177594.

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DELAURENTIS, JOHN M., and FRED M. DICKEY. Regularization Analysis of SAR Superresolution. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/800817.

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Wackerman, Christopher. Estimating Surface Currents from SAR. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532192.

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