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Academic literature on the topic 'Sapo's'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sapo's"

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Bhaumik, Prasenjit, and Paresh Laxmikant Dhepe. "Influence of properties of SAPO's on the one-pot conversion of mono-, di- and poly-saccharides into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural." RSC Advances 3, no. 38 (2013): 17156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ra43197e.

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Tomida, Taichiro, Mutsuhiro Takekawa, Pauline O'Grady, and Haruo Saito. "Stimulus-Specific Distinctions in Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinases Revealed by a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Biosensor." Molecular and Cellular Biology 29, no. 22 (September 8, 2009): 6117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00571-09.

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ABSTRACT The stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), namely, p38 and JNK, are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family and are important determinants of cell fate when cells are exposed to environmental stresses such as UV and osmostress. SAPKs are activated by SAPK kinases (SAP2Ks), which are in turn activated by various SAP2K kinases (SAP3Ks). Because conventional methods, such as immunoblotting using phospho-specific antibodies, measure the average activity of SAP3Ks in a cell population, the intracellular dynamics of SAP3K activity are largely unknown. Here, we developed a reporter of SAP3K activity toward the MKK6 SAP2K, based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer, that can uncover the dynamic behavior of SAP3K activation in cells. Using this reporter, we demonstrated that SAP3K activation occurs either synchronously or asynchronously among a cell population and in different cellular compartments in single cells, depending on the type of stress applied. In particular, SAP3Ks are activated by epidermal growth factor and osmostress on the plasma membrane, by anisomycin and UV in the cytoplasm, and by etoposide in the nucleus. These observations revealed previously unknown heterogeneity in SAPK responses and supplied answers to the question of the cellular location in which various stresses induce stimulus-specific SAPK responses.
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Diaz-Perez, Juan C., Silvia Bautista, and Ramon Villanueva. "397 Simple Ripening Model of Sapote Mamey (Pouteria sapota) Fruit." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 512C—512. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.512c.

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Sapote mamey is a sweet and aromatic tropical fruit that is very perishable. It is a climacteric fruit and has high rates of respiration and ethylene production. Maturity indices for this commodity are difficult to define because fruit show few changes in external appearance as they ripen. The fruit flesh, however, shows large changes in color, firmness, and sugar content measured as soluble solids content (SSC). The objective was to model fruit ripeness from measurements of SSC. We selected SSC because it is easy to measure and because sweetness is an important quality attribute in sapote mamey. Typical values of SSC range from 12% (immediately after harvest) to 30% to 35% (ripe fruit). A linear-plateau model was used to describe the changes in SSC over time of ripening fruit kept at different temperatures. The model assumed that, as fruit ripened, SSC increased at a linear rate reaching a maximum of 30% SSC at the ripe stage after which SSC changed little. From the model we calculated the rate of fruit ripening and the time to reach the ripening stage (30% SSC). The rate of ripening showed a quadratic relationship with storage temperature. Fruit kept at 27, 25, or 20 °C ripened 3.5, 5, or 7 days after harvest. The model can be used to estimate when fruit will reach the ripe stage, as long as we know the initial SSC and storage temperature. This model was constructed from data obtained over 2 years from fruit grown in the state of Morelos, Mexico. It is still to be tested for its applicability on fruit from other growing regions.
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Gaona-García, A., I. Alia-Tejacal, V. López-Martínez, M. Andrade-Rodríguez, M. T. Colinas-León, and O. Villegas-Torres. "CARACTERIZACIÓN DE FRUTOS DE ZAPOTE MAMEY (Pouteria sapota), EN EL SUROESTE DEL ESTADO DE MORELOS." Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 14, no. 1 (April 2008): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2006.02.013.

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Diaz-Perez, Juan C., S. Bautista, and R. Villanueva. "Response of the Mamey Sapote (Pouteria sapota L.) Fruit to Storage." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 457a—457. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.457a.

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The mamey sapote is a fruit highly appreciated by its sweet flavor. Although this crop has been cultivated in tropical America for several centuries, there is still little horticultural information about it. The fruit is very perishable and postharvest losses are usually large. The objective was to evaluate the postharvest changes in fruit quality under storage conditions. Fruit grown in Morelos, Mexico, were harvested when there was a color change from green to pink in the tissue just below the fruit cortex. Fruit were stored at 10 °C or kept at 20 °C (65% RH) or ambient temperature (Mean daily temperature = 27 °C) for 24 days or until fruit deteriorated. After storage at 10 °C, fruit were kept at 20 °C to allow for fruit ripening. Fruit kept at 27 °C ripened 3 days after harvest, while those at 20 °C ripened 5 days after harvest. Fruit at 10 °C showed little physical or chemical changes over the storage period. Ripening included fruit softening, a change in pulp color from a yellow or pale pink to an intense pink color, and an increase in SSC. No change in fruit cortex color was detected as ripening progressed. Ripe fruit showed a 30% to 35% of SSC, and a firmness (resistance to penetration) of 7 N. In overripe fruit, pulp color turned brown. Fruit stored at 10 °C and then ripened at 20 °C showed an irregular ripening, with portions of the fruit with a high firmness and others with a low firmness. This irregular ripening was more severe on fruit stored at 10 °C for 14 days than those stored for 7 days. This disorder was probably a result of chilling injury.
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Solís-Fuentes, J. A., R. C. Ayala-Tirado, A. D. Fernández-Suárez, and M. C. Durán-de-Bazúa. "Mamey sapote seed oil (Pouteria sapota). Potential, composition, fractionation and thermal behavior." Grasas y Aceites 66, no. 1 (January 21, 2015): e056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0691141.

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Alía-Tejacal, I., C. Saucedo-Veloz, Ma T. Martínez-Damián, and Ma T. Colinas-León. "TEMPERATURAS DE ALMACENAMIENTO Y MADURACIÓN EN FRUTOS DE-MAMEY (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn)." Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura VI, no. 01 (June 2000): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.11.075.

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Perez-Tell, Guillermo O., Miguel Angel Martinez-T, Irasema Vargas-Ari, and Gustavo A. Gonzalez-A. "Chilling Injury in Mamey Sapote Fruit (Pouteria sapota): Biochemical and Physiological Responses." American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 4, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2009.137.145.

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Diaz-Perez, Juan C., S. Bautista, M. Arenas, S. Evangelista, and R. Arce. "Response of Mamey Sapote (Pouteria sapota) Fruits to Postharvest Exogenous Ethylene Applications." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 497A—497. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.497a.

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There are very few postharvest studies about the mamey sapote fruits. The lack of appropriate harvest indexes for this crop result in fruits having a wide variability in maturity after harvest. Fruit skin shows no apparent changes in color as maturity progresses. Another complication results from harvesting the fruit with long poles, which restricts the harvester from touching the fruit to evaluate fruit softening. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous ethylene applications to fruits on increasing the uniformity of fruit maturity. Fruits were harvested every 2 weeks over a 4-month period. Fruit harvest was initiated 8 weeks before the estimated ripening day. Fruits were treated by immersion for 1 min in an ethephon solution at 0, 500, or 1000 mg·liter–1 and stored at 20°C (65% RH) for 4 or 8 days. After the storage period, fruits were analyzed for fruit firmness, color (external and internal), pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, ascorbic acid, and starch. Postharvest exogenous applications of ethylene stimulated postharvest ripening of the mamey sapote fruits. Ripening was associated to fruit softening, a change in pulp color from a pale pink to an intense pink color, and an increase in SSC. Fruit response to exogenous ethylene applications was small in immature fruits and increased as fruits approached the ripe stage, and decreased again in over-ripe fruits. In conclusion, postharvest applications of ethylene increased both fruit earliness and maturity uniformity in fruits.
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Davenport, Thomas L., and James T. O'Neal. "319 Flowering Phenology of Mamey Sapote [Calocarpum sapota (Jacq.) Merr.] in Florida." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 497F—498. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.497f.

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Flowering and fruit set characteristics were examined in the popular commercial cultivar Magaoa in an effort to elucidate the reproductive phenology of mamey sapote, Calocarpum sapota (Jacq.) Merr. [syn. Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore and Stearn]. Flowers opened during the night with anthesis beginning around sunset. The length of floral opening varied according to season, ranging from 6 days in winter to a single day in summer. Bursts of new flowers generally appeared in cycles of about 7 days in declining numbers of flowers per burst until all the floral buds of a particular floral bud flush had flowered. Floral buds flowered randomly along a branch with only a few flowers open at any one time. Flower position around the branch was a factor in fruit set. Flowers and small fruitlets encircled horizontal branches in great numbers, but immature fruit most often developed from flowers located on the upper branch quadrant. The lower quadrant contained the fewest immature fruit. As fruit matured, however, more upper quadrant fruit abscised until by harvest, most mature fruit were found on the lower quadrant. The observations provide new insights into the reproductive phenology of mamey sapote.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sapo's"

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Pina, Maria Lucia Mascarenhas Roriz e. "CONCERTO DOS SAPOS: UM PATRIMÔNIO MUSICAL GOIANO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2005. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3689.

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This work realizes a morphological, critical, and stylistic musical analysis of the piece “Concerto dos Sapos”, from Antônio da Costa Nascimento, composer born in Pirenópolis in the nineteenth century. For all, analyses the first cultural expressions in the State of Goiás; the coming of the music and pioneer musicians to the town of Meia Ponte; the history behind Musical Bands of the town: three decisive factors for the creation of a rich musical collection in Pirenópolis. Among local artists, we selected the abovementioned composer Antônio da Costa Nascimento for the prominence of its work in the historical and cultural context of a Brazilian province in the nineteenth century, giving a special emphasis to the piece “Concerto dos Sapos”, a true gift to the Community of the State of Goiás that needs to be divulged and preserved.
Este trabalho realiza a análise musical morfológica, crítica e estilística da peça “Concerto dos Sapos”, de Antônio da Costa Nascimento, compositor pirenopolino do século XIX. Para tanto, avalia as primeiras manifestações culturais em solo goiano; a instalação da música e os seus pioneiros em Meia Ponte; o histórico das Bandas de Música da cidade: três fatores decisivos para a formação de um importante acervo musical em Pirenópolis. Desse acervo, destaca o compositor Antônio da Costa Nascimento pela importância e atualidade do conjunto de sua obra no contexto histórico cultural de uma província brasileira do século XIX e a peça “Concerto dos Sapos” como um bem a ser preservado, divulgado e acessível à comunidade goiana no exercício de seu direito ao patrimônio .
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Leichsenring, Alexandre Ribeiro. "Não monotonicidade do parâmetro crítico no modelo dos sapos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-06042013-173920/.

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Estudamos um modelo de passeios aleatórios simples em grafos, conhecido como modelo dos sapos. Esse modelo pode ser descrito de maneira geral da seguinte forma: existem partículas ativas e partículas desativadas num grafo G. Cada partícula ativa desempenha um passeio aleatório simples a tempo discreto e a cada momento ela pode morrer com probabilidade 1-p. Quando uma partícula ativa entra em contato com uma partícula desativada, esta é ativada e também passa a realizar, de maneira independente, um passeio aleatório pelo grafo. Apresentamos limites superior e inferior para o parâmetro crítico de sobrevivência do modelo dos sapos na árvore, e demonstramos que este parâmetro crítico não é uma função monótona do grafo em que está definido.
We study a system of simple random walks on graphs, known as frog model. This model can be described generally speaking as follows: there are active and sleeping particles living on some graph G. Each particle performs a simple random walk with discrete time and at each moment it may disappear with probability 1 - p. When an active particle hits a sleeping particle, the latter becomes active and starts to perform, independently, a simple random walk on the graph. We present lower and upper bounds for the surviving critical parameter on the tree, and we show that this parameter is not a monotonic function of the graph it is defined on.
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Delfini, Oriana. "NETTO - dispenser di sapone solido." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Quando ho iniziato a pensare al tema della tesi, ho capito ben presto che l’unico percorso per me possibile e necessario avrebbe dovuto riguardare il tema ambientale; avevo solo bisogno di uno stimolo. Un giorno, pulendo il mio bagno, la solita operazione di buttare i tanti flaconi vuoti di shampoo, balsamo, e sapone accumulati maldestramente da me e i miei coinquilini, ha avuto una luce diversa. Perché tutta quella plastica monouso quando esiste la saponetta? Il mio coinquilino la pensava diversamente: “la saponetta? Ma è piena di batteri.. la toccano tutti!”. La mia risposta fu che sì, la toccano tutti, ma tra noi in casa sarebbe stato passabile, non siamo mica in un aeroporto. E’ in questo momento che nasce l’idea: sapone solido negli spazi pubblici. Ho parlato in primis con gli utilizzatori, attraverso sondaggi e interviste dirette. Ho poi verificato l'effettivo vantaggio ecologico del sapone solido rispetto al liquido, scoprendo che va ben oltre il packaging. Ho cercato i pareri degli esperti, per chiarificare la somma di tutte le mie intuizioni. Il risultato è Netto, una soluzione progettuale che si propone come l'anello di congiunzione tra i bisogni dell’utenza e i bisogni dell’ecosistema.
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Plaza, Bobadilla María Alicia. "Umbrales de respuestas auditivas en sapos fosoriales del género eupsophus." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/136277.

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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario
Los sistemas de comunicación animal requieren ser caracterizados en sus diversos componentes: los organismos emisores y las señales que producen, el medio ambiente a través del cual éstas se propagan y las capacidades sensoriales de los organismos receptores. Eupsophus calcaratus es un anuro del bosque templado austral que se comunica mediante señales acústicas que resultan considerablemente atenuadas al propagarse en estos ambientes. Con el objeto de determinar de qué manera la sensibilidad auditiva contribuye a una comunicación eficiente durante la actividad reproductiva de este anuro, se midieron los umbrales auditivos de respuestas neuronales del mesencéfalo de E. calcaratus a tonos de diferentes frecuencias y a cantos naturales coespecíficos. Los resultados muestran que los umbrales de respuesta a frecuencias en el rango de las vocalizaciones de la especie son de alrededor de 58 dB SPL y los audiogramas están centrados a alrededor de 1700 Hz. En tanto que, los umbrales de respuesta a los cantos de advertencia son de alrededor de 67 dB SPL. Estos umbrales son altos en relación a los encontrados en otros anuros, y analizados en conjunto con mediciones de la intensidad de los cantos y la atenuación que experimentan estas señales al propagarse en condiciones naturales, indican que E. calcaratus se comunicaría en un rango limitado a distancias inferiores a 2 m. Diversos mecanismos conductuales permitirían compensar parcialmente las desventajas de un sistema de comunicación con señales de baja intensidad y alta atenuación, que son procesadas por un sistema auditivo de baja sensibilidad.
Fondecyt 1110939
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Chacón, Ordóñez Tania [Verfasser]. "Bioaccessibility and bioavailability of keto-carotenoids from mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn) fruit as influenced by matrix microstructure and food processing / Tania Chacón Ordóñez." Düren : Shaker, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190525925/34.

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Zena, Lucas Aparecido. "Efeito da temperatura sobre as interações cardiorrespiratórias em sapos Rhinella schneideri." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8493.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
For adequate blood supply to match metabolic demand, vertebrates regulate blood pressure (BP) in order to maintain adequate perfusion of target organs avoiding ischemia and tissue damage like edema. Effective short-term BP regulation in anuran amphibians occurs through adjustments in heart rate (HR), peripheral vascular resistance, and changing pulsatile frequency of lymph hearts. In addition, pulmonary ventilation in anurans is directly linked to blood volume homeostasis by facilitating lymph fluid movement back into the cardiovascular system which takes place by changing pressure and volume within anurans' lymphatic sacs. It is apparent that an interaction between baroreflex regulation and breathing control exists in anuran amphibians. In the present study I used pharmacological methods (phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside; infusion ramp and in bolus methods) to investigate baroreflex sensitivity at different temperatures in the cururu toad Rhinella schneideri. I evaluated the degree to which arterial baroreflex plays a role in pulmonary ventilation in the cururu toad. Baroreflex regulation in the toad R. schneideri was temperature dependent and influenced the toad’s ventilation. Hypotension and hypertension resulted in increases and decreases in HR, respectively, as well as increases and decreases in pulmonary ventilation mainly through adjustments in breathing frequency. In contrast to data from the literature, anuran amphibians seem to defend lower BP events primarily rather than hypertension independent of temperature. Anurans exhibit higher rates of transcapillary fluid filtration which means during hypertension fluid filtration is increased and excess interstitial fluid formation will be reclaimed by an efficient lymphatic system. Therefore, besides pulmonary ventilation's role in matching O2 delivery to demand (e.g. temperatures) in anurans, it also plays a role in BP regulation possibly owing to an interaction between baroreflex control and respiratory areas in the brain.
Para um adequado suprimento sanguíneo de modo a atender as diferentes demandas metabólicas, os vertebrados regulam a pressão arterial (PA) mantendo adequada perfusão dos órgãos evitando assim eventos isquêmicos ou outros danos teciduais, como edema. O controle efetivo da PA a curto prazo em anfíbios anuros se dá por ajustes da frequência cardíaca (FC), resistência vascular periférica e também por ajustes da frequência de pulsação dos corações linfáticos. Além disso, a ventilação pulmonar nos anuros está diretamente associada à homeostase do volume sanguíneo por meio da facilitação do transporte de fluído linfático de volta ao sistema cardiovascular, que se dá por meio da alteração de pressão e volume dos sacos linfáticos. Isso parece sugerir a existência de uma possível interação entre a regulação barorreflexa e o controle da respiração nos anfíbios anuros, como já observado para os mamíferos. No presente estudo utilizamos de um método farmacológico (fenilefrina e nitroprussiato de sódio: infusão em rampa e injeção in bolus) para investigar a sensibilidade barorreflexa em diferentes temperaturas no sapo cururu Rhinella schneideri. Também avaliamos o papel do barorreflexo arterial na modulação da ventilação pulmonar nesta mesma espécie. A regulação barorreflexa no sapo R. schneideri apresentou dependência térmica, além de afetar consideravelmente a ventilação dos sapos. A hipotensão e hipertensão resultaram em aumentos e reduções da FC, respectivamente, bem como na ventilação pulmonar, que se deu prioritariamente por meio de ajustes na frequência respiratória. Ao contrário dos dados da literatura, os anfíbios anuros parecem defender prioritariamente eventos de hipotensão ao invés da hipertensão, independente da temperatura testada. É importante salientar que os anuros apresentam alta taxa de filtração transcapilar, e que durante eventos de PA elevada, um aumento na formação de fluido transcapilar pulmonar seria recrutado por um eficiente sistema linfático, característico dos anuros. Portanto, apesar da função da ventilação pulmonar em corresponder à disponibilidade de O2 em diferentes demandas metabólicas (e.g. temperatura), também parece apresentar participação na regulação da PA, possivelmente devido a uma interação entre o barorreflexo e as áreas respiratórias no sistema nervoso central.
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Madelaire, Carla Bonetti. "Relação sazonal entre reprodução, energética e imunocompetência em sapos da Caatinga." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-16042018-133637/.

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Nesta tese de doutorado foram investigados parâmetros imunológicos de 3 espécies de anuros ao longo de diferentes estágios de história de vida, bem como a relação dos níveis plasmáticos de hormônios esteroides com as variáveis imunológicas (Capítulo 1). O capítulo 2 aborda os ajustes sazonais de reguladores metabólicos em diferentes músculos relacionados a reprodução e locomoção no período reprodutivo e de seca em três espécies de anuros. O capítulo 3 aborda a relação causal entre o aumento dos níveis plasmáticos de hormônios esteroides e a imunomodulação da resposta inflamatória e da resposta mediada por proteínas do sistema complemento na espécie R. jimi. Adicionalmente, foram investigados possíveis ajustes anuais do custo energético da resposta inflamatória, da taxa metabólica padrão, e a relação dessas variáveis com os níveis plasmáticos de hormônios esteroides na espécie R. jimi (Capítulo 4). O conjunto de dados dos capítulos 1 e 4 apontam na direção contrária da hipótese de imunossupressão durante a temporada reprodutiva, altos níveis de hormônios esteroides (testosterona e corticosterona) aumentam os paramêtros imunitários, bem como a resposta imune. Os resultados apresentados no capítulo 3 corroboram os efeitos imunomodulatórios do tratamento agudo de testosterona e corticosterona em anfíbios anuros. Por fim, o capítulo 2 mostra a variação sazonal de expressão de proteínas que agem como reguladores metabólicos. Essas reguladores, mediam a manutenção de células e tecidos durante a seca, fazendo com que os músculos associados a reprodução e locomoção não degradem durante este período. Adicionamente, a espécie estivadora ativa vias que diminuem o consumo de ATP, fazendo que com que haja economia de reservas energéticas durante a estivação
We investigated the correlation between imunological parameters, steroid plasma levels in 3 anuran species during different life history stages (Chapter1). Chapter 2 explore the seasonal adjusments of metabolic regulators for 3 anuran species. In the 3th chapter, we studied the casual relationship between increase of steroid plasma levels and immunomodulation in males of Rhinella jimi. Additionally, w e investigated the metabolic cost of the immune response, standard metabolic rate, and steroid plasma levels of R. jimi (Chapter 4). Our results point to an opposite direction of the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (Chapter 1 and 4), high steroid plasma levels are associated to higher immune response. The results found in the chapter 3 corroborates the immunomodulatory effects of testosterone and corticosterone. Chapter 2 shows the seasonal variation of metabolic regulators, which guarantee muscle and cellular maintenance during the dry period for all three species. The aestivating species activates pathways that shut down ATP consumption saving energy during the drought
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Fonseca, Elisa Maioqui. "Participação da neurotransmissão orexinérgica nas respostas respiratórias à hipercarbia e hipóxia em sapos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1375.

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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
The hypocretin or orexin A plays an important role in the modulation of respiratory control in mammals, but there are no data available for the role of Orexins in the peripheral and central chemoreception of non-mammalian vertebrates. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the location of orexinergic neurons in toads (Rhinella schneideri). In addition, we investigate if the orexinergic system of this species is important to hypoxic (5% O2 and N2 for balance) and hypercarbic (5% CO2, 21% O2 and N2 for balance) drive to breath. We assessed the role of the orexinergic system on respiratory responses by using intracerebroventricular injection of SB-334867 (orexin A receptor antagonist) during the light and the dark phase. Our results demonstrated that orexinergic neurons of Rhinella schneideri are located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of diencephalon. Additionally, the injection of the orexin antagonist attenuated the ventilatory response to hypercarbia during the dark phase by acting on tidal volume and breathing frequency, while in the light phase, there was an attenuation in the ventilatory response to hypoxia by acting just in the tidal volume. We conclude that central orexin A contributes to hypercarbic and to hypoxic chemoreflex in toads Rhinella schneideri.
A orexina ou hipocretina exerce uma importante modulação no controle respiratório em mamíferos, mas nenhum estudo verificou a participação das orexinas na quimiorrecepção central e periférica em vertebrados não-mamíferos. Em vista disso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a imunorreatividade para orexina para localização dos neurônios orexinérgicos no encéfalo de sapos (Rhinella schneideri) e investigar se o sistema orexinérgico desta espécie participa nas respostas respiratórias à hipóxia (5% O2 e N2 balanço) e à hipercarbia (5% CO2, 21%O2 e N2 balanço). A participação da neurotransmissão orexinérgica na regulação respiratória em sapos (Rhinella schneideri) foi avaliada por meio de microinjeções intracerebroventriculares (i.c.v.) de SB-334867 (antagonista de receptores OX1R) em duas doses (5 mM e 10mM) no ventrículo lateral durante as fases clara e escura desses animais. Nossos resultados mostram que os neurônios orixinérgicos de sapos Rhinella schneideri estão localizados no núcleo supraquiasmático no diencéfalo. Adicionalmente, a injeção do antagonista orexinérgico atenua a resposta ventilatória à hipercarbia na fase escura, devido tanto à diminuição do volume corrente quanto da frequência respiratória, enquanto, na fase clara, atenua a resposta ventilatória à hipóxia devido a uma redução no volume corrente. Concluímos, portanto, que a Orexina A participa na modulação dos quimiorreflexos central e periférico em sapos Rhinella schneideri.
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Lebensztayn, Élcio. "Um limitante superior para a probabilidade crítica do modelo dos sapos em árvores homogêneas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-24052013-125727/.

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Estudamos o modelo dos sapos na árvore homogênea, um sistema de partículas a tempo discreto cuja dinâmica é sintetizada a seguir. No instante inicial, existe em cada vértice da árvore um número aleatório independente e identicamente distribuído de partículas; aquelas posicionadas em um vértice fixado estão ativas, as demais inativas. Partículas ativas realizam passeios aleatórios simples, independentes, a tempo discreto, com probabilidade de desaparecimento (1 - p) em cada instante. Uma partícula inativa torna-se ativa assim que seu vértice é visitado por uma partícula ativa. Consideramos nesta tese o valor crítico p_c que separa a fase em que o processo se extingue quase certamente da fase em que existem partículas ativas em todos os instantes com probabilidade positiva. Provamos um limitante superior para a probabilidade crítica p_c, o qual melhora o resultado anteriormente conhecido para o caso de configuração inicial de uma partícula por vértice. O argumento utilizado consiste na descrição do modelo dos sapos como um modelo de percolação orientada que domina processos de ramificação convenientemente definidos. Obtemos também o valor assintótico do limitante superior estabelecido, mostrando ser igual ao valor assintótico da probabilidade crítica.
We study the frog model on the homogeneous tree, a discrete-time particle system whose dynamics is summarized next. Initially there is an independent and identically distributed random number of particles at each vertex of the tree; those placed at a fixed vertex are active, the others being inactive. Active particles perform independent discrete-time simple random walks, with probability of disappearance (1 - p) at each instant. An inactive particle becomes active once its vertex is hit by an active particle. We consider in this thesis the critical value p_c that separates the phase in which the process dies out almost surely from the phase in which there exist active particles at all times with positive probability. We prove an upper bound for the critical probability p_c, which improves the formerly known result for the case of one particle per vertex initial configuration. The employed argument builds on the description of the frog model as an oriented percolation model which dominates suitably defined branching processes. We also obtain the asymptotic value of the stated upper bound, showing that it equals the asymptotic value of the critical probability.
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Souza, Carolina Ribeiro Noronha de. "Participação dos núcleos da rafe nas respostas cardiorespiratórias à hipóxia e hipercarbia em sapos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-23042010-160002/.

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Os núcleos da rafe são agrupamentos celulares cujo principal tipo é o serotoninérgico. Em anuros adultos a estimulação elétrica e química da rafe bulbar não causa alteração na ventilação, enquanto que em mamíferos, dependendo da localização exata desta estimulação, a ventilação pode ser inibida ou estimulada. Ainda em mamíferos, os núcleos bulbares da rafe participam da resposta cardiorrespiratória à hipóxia (5% O2) e hipercarbia (5% CO2), enquanto que em anfíbios isto ainda não foi investigado. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar a participação dos núcleos da rafe nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias à hipóxia e hipercarbia em sapos (Rhinella schneideri). Para isso, primeiramente os núcleos da rafe foram localizados e identificados na espécie estudada. Imunorreatividade para proteínas Fosrelacionadas foi utilizada para verificar se estes núcleos são ativados ou inibidos durante o estímulo hipóxico e hipercárbico, e, adicionalmente, o papel dos núcleos magno e pontino da rafe nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias à hipóxia e hipercarbia foi investigado por meio da lesão nãoseletiva com ácido ibotênico. A ventilação pulmonar foi medida diretamente pelo método pneumotacográfico e a pressão arterial por canulação da artéria femoral. Os resultados demonstram que os núcleos bulbares da rafe são inibidos após o estímulo hipóxico e hipercárbico. A hipóxia causou aumento da ventilação pulmonar e da frequência cardíaca nos grupos veículo e lesado. A hipercarbia causou aumento da ventilação pulmonar em ambos os grupos. A lesão nãoseletiva dos núcleos magno e pontino da rafe não teve efeito na ventilação basal (durante normóxia normocárbica) e nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias à hipóxia e hipercarbia, sugerindo que estes núcleos não participam do controle da ventilação em condições basais ou durante a hipóxia e hipercarbia em sapos.
The raphe nuclei are brainstem cell groups and the main cell type is serotonergic. In adult anurans electrical or chemical stimulation of the medullary raphe has no effect on ventilation, whereas in mammals depending on the specific site of stimulation, an excitatory or inhibitory response is elicited. In mammals the medullary raphe participate in the ventilatory and cardiovascular response to hypoxia and hipercarbia while in amphibians there are no data available. Thus the present study was designed to investigate whether the raphe nuclei of toads (Rhinella schneideri) participate in the ventilatory and cardiovascular response to hypoxia (5% O2) and hipercarbia (5% CO2). First the raphe nuclei were located and identified. Fosrelated immunoreactivity was used to verify whether the raphe nuclei are activated or inhibited by hypoxia or hypercarbia. In addition, the role of raphe magnus and pontis in the respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hypoxia and hypercarbia were investigated by nonselective lesioning with ibotenic acid. Pulmonary ventilation was directly measured by pneumotachographic method and the arterial pressure by a femoral catheter. The results indicate that the medullary raphe nuclei are inhibited after hypoxic and hypercarbic stimulus (2,5h). Hypoxia caused hyperventilation and increase in the cardiac frequency in the vehicle and lesioned groups. Hypercarbia caused hyperventilation in both groups. Chemical lesions in the raphe magnus and pontis did not affect ventilatory or cardiovascular variables under resting conditions (normoxic normocárbica) or during the response to hypoxia or hipercarbia.
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Books on the topic "Sapo's"

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Gómez, Lonnie Ruiz. Sapos. Managua, Nicaragua]: Fondo Editorial Libros Para Niños, 2010.

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Jacobs, Lee. Los sapos. San Diego [Calif.]: Blackbirch Press, 2004.

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Geerts, Leo. Sapfo's lief: Roman. Amsterdam: Bezige Bij, 1991.

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Kalitā, Arūpā Paṭaṃgīẏā. Kurośvowāra sapona, mora sapona, siham̐tara sapona. Guwāhāṭi: Banalatā, 2007.

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Caudhurī, Medinī. Sapona sapona lāge. Guwāhāṭī: Shṭuḍeṇṭac Shṭa'rac, 1998.

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Alvarez, Cecilia. Sapos y culebras. Montevideo, Uruguay: Ediciones de Uno, 1989.

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Llop, J. C. Champán y sapos. Palma de Mallorca: Edicions de Bitzoc, 1994.

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Clarke, Barry. Asombrosos sapos y ranas. Madrid: Bruño, 1991.

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Tolentino, Bruno. Os sapos de ontem. Rio de Janeiro: Diadorim, 1995.

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Lobato, Alberto Hidalgo. Los sapos y otras personas. Lima, Perú: Revuelta Editores, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sapo's"

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Jiménez, Víctor M., Tania Chacón-Ordóñez, and Patricia Esquivel. "Mamey Sapote ( Pouteria sapota Jacq.)." In Handbook of Phytonutrients in Indigenous Fruits and Vegetables, 455–69. GB: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248067.0031.

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Gautam, S. K., and B. S. Chundawat. "Effect of Prepacking Treatments on Storability and Quality of Sapota (Achras sapots L.)." In Horticulture — New Technologies and Applications, 371–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3176-6_59.

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Kaur, Jashandeep, Arashdeep Singh, Baljit Singh, and Savita Sharma. "Sapota." In Antioxidants in Fruits: Properties and Health Benefits, 181–99. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7285-2_10.

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Noack, Gerold. "Lage-, Höhen-, Schwerebezugssysteme, SAPOS." In Geodäsie für Bauingenieure und Architekten, 38–56. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446454385.003.

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Lim, T. K. "Pouteria sapota." In Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants, 138–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5628-1_24.

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Landar, Herbert. "Sapir's Style." In Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 293. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.41.12lan.

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Eschenauer, Hans A., Johannes Geilen, and Hans Jürgen Wahl. "SAPOP." In Software Systems for Structural Optimization, 207–27. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8553-9_11.

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Madani, Babak, Amin Mirshekari, Elhadi Yahia, and John B. Golding. "Sapota (Manilkara achrasForb.)." In Horticultural Reviews, 105–42. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119431077.ch4.

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Mani, M. "Fruit Crops: Sapota." In Mealybugs and their Management in Agricultural and Horticultural crops, 429–31. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2677-2_46.

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Broumas, Olga, and T. Begley. "17. Sappho's Gymnasium." In Dwelling in Possibility, edited by Yopie Prins and Maeera Shreiber, 252–60. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501718175-019.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sapo's"

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Majdouli, Mohamed Amine El. "SAPIAS concept." In GECCO '19: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3319619.3326881.

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Haeseker, Alexandra. "Burning Sappho's books." In the 5th conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1056224.1056279.

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Hawking, Paul, Brendan McCarthy, and Susan Foster. "Teaching eBusiness Concepts using SAP's OnLine Store." In 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2500.

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Many universities around the world have formed strategic alliances with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems vendors to incorporate these types of systems into their curriculum. Over the past few years the sharing of curriculum resources between universities has facilitated this process. Universities are now struggling with the concept of how to develop e-business curriculum incorporating their existing ERP system. Universities are faced with firstly having to implement the available functionality and then develop the appropriate curriculum. This paper describes a student centric method to assist universities with this curriculum delivery. Students at Victoria University have implemented and documented the implementation process of SAP’s OnLine Store. This documentation will be freely distributed to other universities to assist them with their implementation. Staff at the University are in the process of developing ebusiness curriculum based on the OnLine Store which will also be distributed to other universities.
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Liu, Bang, Xuan Zeng, Yangfeng Su, Jun Tao, Zhaojun Bai, Charles Chiang, and Dian Zhou. "Block SAPOR." In the 2005 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1120725.1120815.

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Tajuddin, Siti Afiqah, Hasnida Saad, and Rafidah Rosman. "Sapota Sapodilla Smart Capacitive Sensing System." In 2021 IEEE Symposium on Computers & Informatics (ISCI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isci51925.2021.9633437.

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Dreossi, Tommaso. "Sapo." In HSCC '17: 20th International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3049797.3049824.

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Teich, M. C., K. Matsuo, and B. E. A. Saleh. "Excess noise factor and gain distributions for superlattice avalanche photodiodes." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.tub4.

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The objective of this presentation is to compare the noise properties of superlattice avalanche photodiodes (SAPDs) with those of conventional avalanche photodiodes (CAPDs). SAPDs are heterostructure devices constructed in such a way that principally one kind of carrier impact-ionizes. We restrict our study to SAPDs that operate by means of carrier transport perpendicular to the superlattice planes. In principle, the use of such devices promises a reduction in the feedback noise associated with conventional two-carrier avalanche photodiodes. We present expressions for the excess noise factor Fe for two-carrier SAPDs in the presence of residual hole ionization. It turns out that even a small amount of hole ionization can lead to a large excess noise factor, thereby limiting the usefulness of the device. A general formula is presented for the variance of the current at the output of an avalanche photodiode in terms of the quantum fluctuations of the incident light and the excess noise factor. An important special case provides direct proportionality if the number of photons at the input to the detector is Poisson. Theoretical results are also presented for the gain distributions and electron-counting distributions of single-carrier SAPDs (in the absence of residual hole ionization).
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"Message from the SAPAIS 2011 Workshop Organizers." In 2011 Sixth International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ares.2011.127.

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Jadhav, P., S. Ashokkumar, and N. Nagwekar. "Microbial load reduction using modified Solar Conduction Dryer with composite filters." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7728.

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The present work studies the microbial load reduction in sapota and beet root by three different drying methods i.e. Open Sun Drying (OSD), Solar Conduction Drying (SCD) and a modified SCD with filters (SCDF). Parameters analyzed were water activity, moisture content, drying kinetics, Total Viable Counts, Total Fungal Counts and ash content. It was found that the samples dried in SCDF showed least microbial counts, faster drying times and lower ash content as comparison to OSD. This study shows that SCD and its modification provide a better alternative for low cost drying of fruits and vegetables for quality retention. Keywords: Microbial reduction; SCD Filters; Sapota; Beetroot
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Silva, Nabson, Juan Colonna, and Marco Cristo. "Previsão de ocupação de anuros usando sensoriamento de variáveis ambientais e modelos Autocodificadores." In XI Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Ubíqua e Pervasiva. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcup.2019.6583.

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Neste trabalho apresentamos um modelo de previsão da distribuição geográfica de anuros baseado em uma Rede Neural Autocodificadora. O problema de previsão é tratado como uma tarefa de classificação One-Class, em que a localização conhecida dos indivı́duos é representada através de suas coordenadas espaciais, temporais e variáveis meteorológicas correlacionadas. O modelo mostrou alto grau de acuidade quando utilizado para prever a ocorrência de sapos da espécie Bufo Americanus no sul do Canadá. O método proposto é computacionalmente leve e pode ser acoplado a redes de sensores para monitoramento ambiental.
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Reports on the topic "Sapo's"

1

Beck, Steve, and Joe Reynolds. Sensor Agent Processing Software (SAPS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423980.

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Cline, Joseph I. Surface Absorption Polarization Sensors (SAPS), Final Technical Report, Laser Probing of Immobilized SAPS Actuators Component. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/977056.

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Gonzalez de Dios, O., S. Barguil, Q. Wu, and V. Lopez. A YANG Network Data Model for Service Attachment Points (SAPs). Edited by M. Boucadair. RFC Editor, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc9408.

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Bhave, Ramesh R., Robert Thomas Jubin, Barry B. Spencer, and Sankar Nair. Synthesis and Performance Evaluations of SAPO-34 Membranes- Milestone Report for FCRD-MRWFD-2016-000263. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1345777.

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