Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Santé publique – Aspect politique'
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Lequien, Laurent. "Essais d'évaluation de politique publique dans les champs de l'éducation, de la santé et des politiques d'emploi." Phd thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00705944.
Full textAndreetti, Katia. "A la croisée de l'anthropologie de la santé publique et des politiques publiques de la recherche : étude de cas des biotechnologies de la reproduction et de la bioéthique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0002.
Full textThis research provides a holistic overview of human reproduction, using a comparative approach in which the genetic and the social interpenetrate. We highlight the ways in which socio-cultural, political and biological conditions shape bioethics and the possibilities offered to reproductive health research. Using a transdisciplinary methodology, we incorporate this abject of study into the construction of public policies on population health and research. We demonstrate that human reproduction, and biotechnologies in particular, embody the paradoxes most intrinsic to our species, where tradition and modernity merge. Technologies and scientific progress have metamorphosed the quality of life and perfected the medical management of reproductive health. Research and reproduction are political issues, reflecting the social representations of each culture and the way in which power relations are governed from national to international levels. Our research lays the foundations for a global approach to bioethics and health
Jourdan, Didier. "Paternalisme et visée émancipatrice : politiques et pratiques de santé publique à l'épreuve du discernement éthique." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA1036.
Full textHealth education and in general public health policies and practices raise crucial questions but, in comparison to the practice of medicine, little attention was given to the question of the ethics of public health. This PhD thesis is focused on ethical issues in public health: issues of freedom of individuals, paternalism of the state, who defines the “new secular morality” defining the “good” (the healthy) and the “bad” (risk behaviors), whether there is any legitimacy in promoting tips for healthy life, how they can be considered compatible with individual’s freedom of choice? The first section of the thesis is devoted to a systematic analysis of the ethical problems that arise in public health. The different available frameworks for ethical decision are described in the second section. The last one is focused on the application of relevant principles and values to public health decision making
Eboko, Fred. "Pouvoirs, jeunesses et sida au Cameroun : politique publique, dynamiques sociales et contructions des sujets." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40039.
Full textChenard, Kina. "Regards croisés sur les déterminants des choix de politiques publiques : applications à trois secteurs d'intervention gouvernementale : la politique de santé, la politique de stabilisation financière et la politique d'assainissement budgétaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23542.
Full textRhenter, Pauline. "De l'institutionnel au contractuel : psychiatrie publique et politiques de santé mentale en France (1945-2003)." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/rhenter_p.
Full textThe Thesis deals with the link of mental health Policies with public psychiatry since 1945. More specifically, it questions about laws which are adopted in order to transform french public psychiatric organization and culture. On that assumption, the study focuses on the dialogue, more or less successfull, between social values, which are integrated into laws and political decisions and a local professional culture. Since 1945, the french psychiatric culture has fed on a demand for a common law and place for patients and nursing staffs. Since 1990, new rules have enforced a new model. One the one hand, this model makes of the relationship between patients and psychiatrists an "unspecified" relationship of service; on the other hand, it advocates a mental health horizontal organization between health and social actors. This new political model, whose key words are "contract", "réseau" and "evaluation", causes resistances and inventions from psychiatric professionals who are determined to maintain their specific values. Moreover, its material and symbolic effects show the characteristics of a law which forgets social and historical dimensions of its object. Lastly, such evolutions emphasize the way how psychiatric knowledge alters because of growing professional identity changes
Gandreau, Stéphanie. "Les droits de l'être humain face aux enjeux de la biomédecine." Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21027.
Full textKezirian, Emmanuelle. "Limites des outils descriptifs du marché des médicaments : exemple des antidépresseurs." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P033.
Full textPagani, Victoria. "La fabrique des comportements : analyse du processus de normativité et prise en compte de l'éthique en santé publique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0275.
Full textContext - There is growing interest in ethics in the health world. If the questions of medical ethics (end of life, doctor / patient relationship ...) and research ethics (Helsinki declaration ...) focus our attention, is it about ethics in health? public health and more specifically the ethics of prevention policies? While the rationale for prevention seems obvious: to promote healthy behaviors, this evidence is only apparent. The prevention at stake of many personal, cultural, societal and collective values: the definition of "good health", the freedom, the justification of the intervention of the authorities in the private life, the equity, the social justice ... As many questions as the essential ethical reflection. Thus, prevention policies and tools can not overcome ethical questioning when we are interested in the subject of health behaviors, we seek to change the "habitus" of individuals, seats of their values and their cultures. These questions are necessary and can orient strategies more precisely and contribute to their acceptability and effectiveness among the populations. Or, this ethical reflection in the field is undeveloped in France, even though it has helped research and public action. Objective - The objective of this study was to characterize the consideration of an ethical reflection during the creation of the norm in public health through a study on preventive nutritional policies. Methods - To meet this objective, in three steps: 1) Analysis of the literature on normativity, 2) analysis of the literature on tools of ethical analysis in public health Nutrition policies: the texts relative to the PNNS 3 were analyzed and Stakeholders were interviewed to reconstruct the process of developing a public health policy and price analysis of ethics and human rights. Results-This multidisciplinary research has made it possible to highlight the different definitions and types of norms as well as the interest and opportunities of ethical questioning both in the normative process in prevention and in the process of health policy development public. Perspectives- The perspectives of this study are conceptual and practical: to illustrate the relationship between norms and values, and to develop a tool for analyzing ethical issues in public health plans
Jeouabi, Habib. "La médecine sportive et le statut du médecin du sport : les activités physiques et sportives, instrument de politique de santé publique : nécessité d'une reconnaissance officielle, légitime, de la médecine sportive et du statut du médecin du sport." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA083644.
Full textLaurent, Ludivine. "Les mobilisations collectives des professionnels de santé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20014.
Full textThe health sector is in crisis. Over the past two decades, all health professionals regularly show their discontent. The strike of internal consultations with wild private practice doctors, all professions in this sector have experienced a collective mobilization. The research work was conducted to analyze the collective action of these practitioners. Thus both the transition to the action that developments of social movements are the heart of our reflections. It is clear that the analysis of collective mobilization of health professionals includes both a dimension macrosociological (structures, organizations) and dimension microsociologique (beliefs, identities, corporativism). The common link between these two spheres is that all elements are related resources of the social movement, which will permit the establishment of a structure and coherence of the mobilization in order to win the government. This research thus highlight the denominators that explain both the shift to collective action (dynamic mobilisers moving), and developments of these mobilizations (expressiveness mobilizations)
Ndiaye, Ahmeth. "La santé au Sénégal entre médecine curative et médecine préventive : 1895-1945." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30042.
Full textHaving defined the subjects and his objectives, the author exposes the debuts of the sanitary action over a period going from 1895 till 1914, by presenting the environment and the people, as well as the search for a medical policy by France. The reorientations of the medical policy: the remedial medicine and the medicine of mass (1914-1934) constitutes the second part of this work clarifying the colonial boom and the first results. The development of the health service: 1935-1945, concerning the News deal and the activity of the health service constitutes the conclusion of this work
Laurent, Ludivine. "Les mobilisations collectives des professionnels de santé." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20014.
Full textThe health sector is in crisis. Over the past two decades, all health professionals regularly show their discontent. The strike of internal consultations with wild private practice doctors, all professions in this sector have experienced a collective mobilization. The research work was conducted to analyze the collective action of these practitioners. Thus both the transition to the action that developments of social movements are the heart of our reflections. It is clear that the analysis of collective mobilization of health professionals includes both a dimension macrosociological (structures, organizations) and dimension microsociologique (beliefs, identities, corporativism). The common link between these two spheres is that all elements are related resources of the social movement, which will permit the establishment of a structure and coherence of the mobilization in order to win the government. This research thus highlight the denominators that explain both the shift to collective action (dynamic mobilisers moving), and developments of these mobilizations (expressiveness mobilizations)
Leprêtre, Pascal. "Principe de précaution et droit sanitaire : cas français." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131028.
Full textIn termes of the french law of 2 february 1995, the precautionary principle is that "according to wether the absence of certainty, considering technical and scientific knowledge of the moment, does not have to delay the effective and proportioned measure adoption, aiming to warn a serious and irreversible damage risk to the environment, to an economically acceptable cost". The thesis has for object to evaluate in the sector of the health, modes of application and the function of the principle of precaution, especially in its reports with the right of the health and more generally with the sanitary democracy. Become judicial principle of constitutional value, it contributes to delimit a new field of the right of the responsibility. The thesis tends to justify that the principal of precaution addresses to the collective and individual mastery of risks. Making this, this new forms responsibility will have to possess a conceived particular regime on the basis of a prejudice and causality risk, and will make place to a new makes justificatory, the social risk acceptability
Chekou, Koré El Hadji Mohamoud. "Le fleuve Niger : impacts du barrage de Kandadji : Aspects écologiques, socio-économiques et culturels." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA131053.
Full textHunsmann, Moritz. "Depoliticising an epidemic : international AIDS control and the politics of health in Tanzania." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0021.
Full textAlDS-control strategies in sub-Saharan Africa involve crucial national political compromises. Yet, they are frequently formulated in heteronymous settings dominated by Western donor agencies. Drawing on a case study of Tanzania, a country whose response to the epidemic is 97% donor-funded, this thesis develops a political economy of international AIDS control. It explores some of the specifically political aspects of the struggle against HIV/AIDS in Tanzania by analysing the formulation of national 1-llV-prévention and treatment policies, and confronting these policies with a critical review of their biological and epidemiological foundations. The fieldwork combines a series of 92 in-depth interviews with key policymakers at the national level with the observation of AIDS-related decision processes in donor-government meetings. In this way, this \l1ésis analyses the unequal political attention given to different causal stories of the spread of HIV, and their impact on the use of evidence in the formulation of prevention policies. Moreover, it describes how AIDS policymakers adopt non-decision strategies when faced with the intricate trade-offs imposed by the inescapable prioritization of HIV-prevention and -treatment interventions in a context of insufficient resources. Finally, developing upon an analysis of the controversy among players about the effects of international AIDS control on the overall coherence of national health policies, the thesis explores the contradictions of a vertical AIDS response in a context of dysfunctional health systems and poor general population health. On this basis, it examines the possibilities to elaborate an emancipatory critique
Dourgnon, Paul. "Evaluation des politiques publiques et inégalités sociales d'accès aux services de santé." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912417.
Full textHenry, Emmanuel. "Un scandale improbable : Amiante, d'une maladie professionnelle à une "crise de santé publique"." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00093189.
Full textLe problème des expositions à l'amiante est un terrain d'observation privilégié puisqu'il est le seul exemple contemporain de crise publique constituée à partir de pathologies principalement professionnelles. Après l'analyse de la façon dont, de 1980 à 1994, sont normalisées les conséquences d'expositions à l'amiante par un double mécanisme de confinement social des souffrances et de localisation des savoirs, ce travail rend compte de l'histoire du développement de la crise publique autour de ce problème sur la période 1994-1996. L'objectif est d'éviter deux types d'explication ayant souvent cours pour analyser l'émergence de crises publiques : l'octroi d'un rôle central au groupe des journalistes présenté comme construisant de manière autonome les discours sur un problème et le recours à une théorie du complot expliquant les périodes de silence et de forte publicité par l'influence occulte de groupes de pression.
Pour éviter ces modèles explicatifs, il faut privilégier l'analyse des interactions régulières entre les journalistes et les groupes sociaux mobilisés ou concernés par un problème, montrer la dépendance du groupe des journalistes vis-à-vis de leurs sources et replacer la question de la publicisation ou de la non-publicisation dans des jeux de connaissance/méconnaissance et d'intérêt/désintérêt impliquant des secteurs très vastes de la société. Enfin, cette thèse réexamine la question de la mise sur agenda et réévalue les conséquences de la publicisation d'un problème sur sa prise en charge par les acteurs politiques et administratifs.
Quesne, Lionel. "De l'insalubrité à l'hygiénisme, émergence politique d'une problématique environnementale : L'exemple du Mans." Le Mans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LEMA0004.
Full textIn the last 20 th century, the advanced industrial societies seem to discover that the environnemental degradations caused by their diverse rejections could compromise the health and even the population's survival. The aim of this thesis is to make the archeology of this environnemental problematic, to excavate the conditions of its possibility and recognition. The corpses were the very first remnants to be thaught as a problem. Especially from the second part of the 18 th century, the smell of their decay was suspected to bring death. By a play of analogies, doctors and chimists set an identity among all the stinks and mortal power of the corpses was extended to human concentration, excrements and all the refuses which overflowed the town. The doctors established not only a diagnosis but also they suggested some cures. The evacuation of all springs of miasmas and the improvement of the circulation of air composed the two main poles of their urban therapy. However, at the end of the 18 th century, their wide programm of reform would have been applied by very little, which would attest the weak impact of their discourse with the political power. From that moment, conquering this power mattered. The strategy mainly consisted in translating the sanitary discourse into a language of order. But yet, the economical stakes composed an obstacle to the recognition of this new hygienic discourse. The intervention of the cholera, unexpoected ally, would have to be waited for, to begin imposing itself.
Hohmann, Sophie. "Santé et changement social en Ouzbékistan : recours thérapeutiques et politiques sanitaires." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0074.
Full textThis work aims at displaying continuities and discontinuities in terms of public health occuring in Uzbekistan, before and after the soviet period. A first link is established with ancestral health systems (Greek, Persian and Chinese) in the pre-colonial period. Modern medecine in brought in with the Russian colonization at the end of the 19th century. Then the creation of the Soviet Union brings a uniform system of public health, wich however will reveal its limits. The analysis of the contemporary period focuses on the relationships between traditional and modern medecine, using both in-depth knowledge and interviews of health actors and quantitative data. It shows the complex evolutions occuring in this period of intense social and political changes, symbolized by the recent legitimization of the physicians-tabibs
Nkwenkeu, Sylvain F. "Evaluation des politiques publiques de santé : une analyse économique appliquée au Cameroun." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENE006/document.
Full textIn Cameroon, the sequence of reforms in the health sector has reinforced an ideological wavering between two opposing currents: a socio-universal that promotes equity, and a neoliberal, which militates for greater economic efficiency of existing systems. Articulating two concerns which are, the worsening of health inequalities as consequence of policy choices made on the efficacy of services without taking into account factors that support the demand, and the form of organization of the health system arising from an imperfect translation of major international principles, this thesis aims to contributing to a critical reflection on the process, the implementation and the results produced by these health policies. To determine Cameroonian specificity, we inscribe them in a triple theoretical field. The neo-institutionalist approach, mobilize to grasp the importance of the economic history and its influence on the evolution of the health system, which allows understanding the conditions for policy change. The “referentials” approach to policy analysis in order to apprehend the foundations of the new public policy, including the understanding of how interests and ideas are formatted by institutions. An effort to illuminate the policy game is undertaken to appraise the mediation of political entrepreneurs, thereby testing empirically the “top-down hypothesis”. Finally, the theories of justice help to argue for the existence of an imbalance between health supply and demand which undermines health outcomes, and reinforces the conflict efficacy versus equity. Indeed, our work aims to provide some answers to three main questions: (i) Why (triggers) and how (dynamic) health public policies are influenced in their construction and implementation by economic policies? (ii) What are the outcomes of induced changes by the global referential (macroeconomic framework) on sectoral referential that requires a more equitable distribution and access to health services? (iii) What lessons can we learn from the knowledge of the interrelationships between the dynamics of poverty reduction and the persistence of inaccessibility to health care in order to improve the evaluation of public policies? From a number of quantitative and qualitative indicators, the robustness of the new policy is questioned following prospects regarding health distribution and accessibility. Therefore, we emphasize the difficulty of the public policy to achieve satisfactory results both in terms of efficacy or equity due to the institutional and organizational system in which it is designed and implemented. Three epistemic communities acting on a nonstructural basis are identified and analyzed through a robust qualitative material that enables us to grasp the existence of a paradigmatic conflict emerged from how different groups are positioning themselves and interpret reality in order to put in coherence the sectorial referential and the global market-based one which appears to be rather spontaneous and mandatory. Statistical and econometric works to measure more precisely the inequalities and determinants of access and use of health services by the population supports the idea of a widening of inequalities by the health policies maintained by strong regressive mechanisms. The analysis of the determinants of occurrence of catastrophic health expenditures also confirms this. We mobilize thereafter an additional material to assess the allocative efficiency and efficacy of public spending on health as well as their impact on the use of services and benefits revealed from their use
Abba, Seidik. "Contribution à l'étude des freins à la publicisation du SIDA en Afrique : le cas du Niger." Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/78dc0c08-ac16-4176-b1f8-3d028cb64f6a.
Full textBeing at the cross-roads of the information and communication sciences, anthropology, sociology and political sciences, this thesis examines the mechanisms of sensitizing a new disease which is progressively becoming a worldwide pandemic; AIDS. The work aims to analyse in detail the various obstacles hampering the sensitization of the disease within the context of Niger, with emphasis on the problem raised by the issue in terms of the process. After having analysed the socio-economic and cultural context of the research framework, the study focuses on the various parties involved in the sensitization and in the modes of mobilization that they have chosen. We can therefore reveal why AIDS does not appear at the top of the political agenda and why it does not rally Niger media as much as it should. The thesis defended here pushes aside the idea of a “tacit agreement” or a “guilty lack of concern” in order to deal with the issue of sensitization as the result of interactions between the several parties involved: politicians, the media, associations, experts and even AIDS sufferers. Finally the study demonstrates how each of these groups realities (politicians, the media, as well as associative or scientific groups) influence either directly or indirectly the sensitization or not of both scientific and sociological facts of great importance such as the spreading of AIDS
Lagasnerie, Grégoire de. "Trois essais en économie de la santé sur la régulation de la demande de soins de ville s'appuyant sur la méthode de micro-simulation." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0093.
Full textThis thesis sheds light on various issues in health economics (reimbursement system of care, sensitivity of the demand for health care prices , prediction of the dynamics of care expenses ) through the technique of micro -simulation. This thesis is composed of three articles. The first two articles of this thesis contribute to improved understanding of the mechanism related to the regulation of health care demand through the reimbursement system. The last article analyzes the evolution of the demand for care in the medium and long term. The first article focuses on the analysis in term of equity and hedging of reform of the reimbursement system of healthcare services in France. The second article examines the implications for health insurance and the insured of changes in consumption behavior of insured following a reform of the reimbursement system of cafe in France. The third article, from the study of different methods of projections in the economic literature analyzes the dynamic of outpatient healthcare expenditure related to the ageing population
Blake, Hélène. "Les risques du métier : emploi des séniors, santé et anticipations." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0074.
Full textThis thesis is a compilation of empirical works on seniors' behaviors. It is set in the context of reforms of retirement pension systems in develop countries which leads to a growing individualization of retirement choices. The first two chapters focus on how work impacts health using reforms of the French main pension system as exogenous shocks. Two different criteria are used to measure health: subjective well-being and mortality. It appears that work has a negative impact on physical health and increases morbidity for almost everybody. However the size and nature of effects are heterogeneous according to gender, education or income. I find that lower educated people are more impacted physically by work and that pension improves social life, especially women's. Men getting the lowest pensions (less than 954 euros a month) are more affected by the length of working life than by their retirement age, contrarily to other income groups. The third chapter is an analysis of the rigidity of seniors' employment rates in OECD countries facing a reform of their pension systems. Results show that seniors' employment reacts much more to work incentives in a context of good and homogeneous labor relations. The sources of heterogeneity of behaviors thus need to be studied. The fourth chapter analyzes one of them which is the differences in the experience of economic shocks for seniors. I find that for given individual situations with respect to income, employment and marital situation, people who grew up in a context of growth are more optimist concerning the American economy's future and children of unemployment men are more pessimistic concerning their own future on the labor market, which is not justified by facts (they have a lower propensity to be fired). Unemployment benefits are found to have a strong influence that mitigates or even cancels out this effects
Nollet, Jérémie. "Des décisions publiques « médiatiques » ? : sociologie de l’emprise du journalisme sur les politiques de sécurité sanitaire des aliments." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL20013/document.
Full textAre public policies made by the media? This would-be influence of journalists over public decisions is common place among “decision-makers”. It is also assumed by Agenda-setting as well as social problems theorists. Yet, the real nature of the phenomenon is more complex: it follows different paths along several directions. It rests on the active and variable engagement of the politicians and high civil servants who produce decisions. Thus, the question needs to be rephrased: to what extent does the production of public decisions depend on the journalistic field? In order to elucidate this question, this doctoral thesis offers a sociological analysis of the specific logics which lead decision-makers (i.e. ministers’ personal staff, and representatives aswell as high civil servants,) to pay attention to media coverage in decision-making processes. The elaboration of this theoretical framework, at the crossroads of the sociologies of journalism and public action, is based on ananalysis of the handling of the mad cow disease by French officials during the 1990s. The ambition is to account for the very attention the holders of the executive power (namely, the Ministers of Agriculture, Consumption,Health, but also the Prime Minister and the President), the members of Parliament and high civil servants paid to media-related challenges within the practice of decision-making. Thus, it appears that the most “media dependent”decisions are the result of the handling of the most symbolic issues according to the logics of action of the most dependent agents on legitimization stakes in the journalistic field: the principal ministers and their advisers
Bertier, Gabrielle. "Implémentation clinique du séquençage de nouvelle génération en France et au Québec : une analyse multidisciplinaire des implications pour les politiques publiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30166.
Full textThe decreasing cost of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has resulted in their increased use in research, and in the clinical context. Indeed, the correct interpretation of a human genome can enable better prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. Significant public investments in NGS have been made in various developed nations to realise the promise of personalized medicine. Yet, today the sequencing and analysis of a patient’s exome or genome is only offered as a clinical test in a limited number of clinics around the world. France and Quebec have made sizable investments in genomics research, and France announced the launch of a genomic medicine plan in 2016. However, policy decisions still have to be made on the nation-wide clinical implementation of NGS technologies in both jurisdictions. Therefore, this project’s objective was to contribute to the body of evidence available to policymakers in France and Quebec on the clinical implementation of NGS technologies. We focused our attention on two specific NGS technologies, namely Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). We specifically aimed to assess if the responsible and efficient use of WES/WGS data in the context of clinical care could be impeded by policy gaps. Currently, the clinical interpretation of a patient’s genome sequence data is done through the intervention of many stakeholders including basic science researchers. These researchers use bioinformatics tools, processes and norms developed for research to filter and analyse patients NGS data. In parallel, existing regulatory and normative frameworks have been developed for the use of genetic data, and include no clear definition of genomic data or genomic technologies. We hypothesised that these elements create a strong need for standardization of practices, and may require adaptations of current regulatory and normative frameworks to the context of NGS. We therefore aimed to answer three research questions: (1) What issues do technology users experience and foresee when using WES data to inform patient care? To answer this, we performed a systematic review of the literature. (2) How are patients’ NGS data currently managed (produced, analysed, interpreted and shared) in clinical institutions in Quebec and in France? We answered this by performing a case studies analysis, interrogating key stakeholders directly involved in managing patients’ NGS data in France and Quebec. (3) Are there gaps in the current regulatory and normative frameworks which should be addressed to enable a responsible and efficient standardized use of NGS data in the clinic? [...]
Roussary, Aurélie. "Vers une recomposition de la gouvernance de la qualité de l'eau potable en France : de la conformité sanitaire à l'exigence de qualité environnementale." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494624.
Full textLe, Provost Luc. "L’hébergement des personnes âgées dépendantes : capacité d'accueil et perspectives économiques à l'horizon 2040 : exemple dans les territoires de proximité de l'ARS Bretagne." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC018.
Full textThe aging of the population is de facto causing a disruption in the care of the elderly. With aging comes dependence, and the question arises of the supply and demand for accommodation for the elderly. The aim of this work is to make an estimate of accommodation consumption by including the geographic origin of nursing home users and to analyze it by 2040. Brittany, the heart of our demonstration, is particularly affected by this aging phenomenon : the lack ofaccommodation has already been noted there since 2020 and this trend is likely to intensify inthe following years. Therefore it seems essential to build gerontological basins with objectivedata, allowing public authorities to better understand gerontological planning for the years to come
Bouille, Benoit. "Etudes pharmacoéconomiques : présentation et analyse comparative de six lignes." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P130.
Full textRauly, Amandine. "Gouverner la télémédecine. Analyse institutionnaliste d’une nouvelle pratique médicale." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIME004/document.
Full textTelemedicine has been practiced in France since the 1980s. In 2009, the HPST law proposes a legal definition: Telemedicine is “a form of medical practice remotely using ICT”. From this date, the practice has been institutionalized, a national development strategy has been implemented and a sectoral public policy is applied. The objective is to remove regulatory and organizational barriers to the practice of telemedicine. Telemedicine is also becoming a tool for the renewal of public action. However, public policies are unsuccessful. Telemedicine is not developing as the public authorities have desired. The general hypothesis of our research is that instead of removing barriers to the development of telemedicine, public policies dedicated to its practice are actually impeding it. That is why we analyze power relations among stakeholders of regulation. To do this we adopt an institutionalist approach. We question the relevance of the governance model used for for deployment of telemedicine. We highlight that the solutions provided by the institutions in charge of the development of telemedicine can be improductive
Ambonguilat, Colette-Lydie. "Santé publique et problèmes sanitaires au Gabon." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL12006.
Full textGabon, a thirld-world country, is in second position behind lybia in the field of wealthiness, but enjoys the leading position among black africa countries. It has an area of 267,667 km2 (almost the half of france). It has about one million inhabitants and its density is 3. 8 inhabitants per km2 with ten inhabitants km2 in the capital city, a population which is inequally spread. Situated in central africa, gabon has got many trumps : oil, mining and forested resources with a good sanitary an social cover. This privileged situation, however, experiences a few handicaps such as : a bad distribution on of medical staff and equipment availabe for the provinces, a high level of infant mortality and many endemic and epidemic diseases (malaria, liprosy. . . ). The shortage of infrastructures and lines of communication badly maintained lead to a sanitation which is only profitable to few city dwellers. As regards nutrition, it is little varied and ill-balanced ; this factor endangers the demography of the country. The sanitary education is also less developped and the national service responsible for the improving of the sanitation is more concentrated in urban areas. Through this study, one can notice the complexity of many dependent factors which only a clear and harmonized policy is likely to save from all present ills. As regards traditional medecine, its integration in health policy can being a considerable help, particulary in the psychologic and pharmaceutic fields
Khan, Shaghaghi Legrand Richard. "La régulation de l'accès aux médicaments (aspects de droit comparé)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB099.
Full textWhile the European countries face increasing spending regarding medicine, the coverage of a new product of health by the public financiers appears as an essential stake in the control of these spending. Most of the countries, as France, use then explicit lists defining products taken care or not taken care by means of public financing. The underlying idea of such a process is to concentrate the public coverage on "useful" said products, that is which not only participate in the treatment of pathologies considered important, but which show themselves also effective and, where necessary, the least expensive. If this idea is simple, the elaboration in practice of such lists remains complex. The definition of the criteria adopted to determine the outlines of a basket of refundable medicine as well as the methods used to estimate if a product answers these criteria, represent stakes important for the public decision-makers and can have direct repercussions on the quality and the costs of the medicinal prescriptions. Theoretically, the decision to take care of a medicine can lean on numerous criteria: efficiency, cost efficiency ratio, revolved by the pathology, the handled symptoms, the impact on the budgets dedicated to the health, etc. Furthermore, the evaluations present a whole series of methodological and technical difficulties to which come to add up the political context and the bargaining power of pharmaceutical companies, which also influence the decisions of care. The present study gets organized around the display of the notion of medicine, modalities of care of the latter and the procedure of their launch on the market under a compared angle enter the French and diverse law other legal systems being a matter of the community frame. Such an analysis lifts certain questioning of which the questioning of the current system of regulation of medicine. Through this research work, it is allowed to notice several failures not only in the mechanism of regulation of the spending, but also in the system of care itself. If the question of an adjustment of the policy of regulation of medicine is then at the heart of the debate, perspectives of evolution take shape nevertheless
Clavier, Carole. "Le politique et la santé publique : une comparaison transnationale de la territorialisation des politiques de la santé publique (France, Danemark." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1G004.
Full textThis research investigates the convergence of local public health in France and in Denmark, relying on case studies from, respectively, Nord Pas-de-Calais and Alsace regions and Nordjylland and Ringkjøbing counties. The central argument in this research is that the convergence of local public health policies in France and in Denmark results from the adequacy between, on the one side, local political issues and, on the other, internationally shared public health concepts and issues. Comparing policies in highly different contexts shows that convergence responds to two, inseparable though distinct, trends : on the one hand, converging processes enable the development of local public health policies and, on the other hand, those processes hybridize with highly contrasted political ans institutional contexts. As a conclusion, the development of local public health policies testifies to a local redefinition of public health issues
Tabuteau, Didier. "Sécurité sanitaire et droit de la santé." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D010.
Full textThe notion of sanitary safety appeared after major crisis in public health in the beggining of 1990. It soon became a public sanitary action methodology and a concept which has irragated most chapters of health laws. The spreading of an unprecedented sanitary risk reduction device was accompanied by making of sanitary policy functions a priority issue together with developping evaluation and precaution, identifying sanitary responsabilities by creating agencies and looking for impartial expertise. The notion has contributed to the recent bursting of health laws, accompanying the development of the health system users rights, favouring prevention devices resurgence, participating to an health policy elaboration procedure setting and questioning about the link between health laws and the right to health insurance
Moundaka, Iris ursula. "Obstacles à l'accès aux soins d'urgences suite aux complications des avortements non sécurisés dans la province du Moyen Ogooué au Gabon : aspects juridique, socioculturel et médical." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080040.
Full textThis dissertation begins with a broad overview of juridical and historical controversies surrounding abortion in the world followed by an analysis of attitudes and practices in diverse socio-cultural contexts linked to gender relations, unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion. We then examine articulations between traditional, colonial and modern medicine in Gabon. That panorama brings us to our study of the obstacles women with medical emergencies face in accessing modern health care.The objective of this doctoral research is to elaborate and apply a methodology for studying the network of actors involved in practices connected to abortion in order to better understand resistance to socio-clinical and juridical change. What is the formal and informal health care system of medical providers in matters related to abortion and what are the obstacles that providers and women must transverse to offer (providers) and obtain (women) this service? Specifically, an investigation of social and institutional interactions was conducted in urban hospital settings and in surrounding rural areas. That led us to detect different extra-medical and intra-medical barriers to emergency care access following unsafe abortion complications. In this way, we focused, on one side, upon the discourse, practices and medical contexts of health professionals while, on the other side, privileging the accounts women recited of their strategies for terminating pregnancies with or without medical help and for accessing modern care despite the obstacles.Content analysis of interviews revealed major barriers to emergency care access. Those difficulties start in the social environment with the search for abortion products and for initial treatments (self-medication and visits to the pharmacy or to traditional practitioners). In cases of advanced complications, extra-medical obstacles intensify with greater geographic distance, transportation problems and insufficient financial means. Moreover, once those obstacles are more or less overcome, women must then confront intra-medical obstacles within emergency care hospital units. Providing access to safe abortion for Gabonese women in current times is one of the great challenges we must confront. This dissertation contributes to a loud vocal denunciation of informal happenings in the society of Gabon. Women live tragic circumstances
Barumwete, Siméon. "Les politiques publiques de santé au Burundi." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU2004.
Full textBurundi is one of the poorest countries in the world and it depends to public aid for development to ensure public services missions. In the health sector, too many failures (financial, human resources, unequal distribution of health infrastructure and heath workers) make very difficult the elaboration and implementation of effective public policies. These policies emerge from recommendations issued by major health conferences (Alma-Ata, Bamako, Doha. . . ) or development conferences (millenium summit) and are locally implemented with the technical and financial support from international financial institutions (World Bank, IMF) or UN agencies (WHO, UNICEF). They reflect the internationalization phenomenon of some public health issues (AIDS/HIV, essentials drugs,. . . ) whose solutions require adherence to international standards, conventions and values which may be in conflict with local specificities (cultural, economic and political). Since 1986, the Bretton Woods Institutions have imposed liberal economic reforms which have replaced the previous policies of free health care by introducing new policies that require payment by patients. Yet more than 65% of the population lives below the poverty line. In addition, these public policies are implemented in a political context of loss of centrality of the state in public action and of emergence of multiplicity of actors with divergent interests (private sector, national associations, NGO, supranational organizations) acting on several levels (local, national and international) whereas institutional failures of the state do not allow for better coordination. All those factors mean that the implementation of the public health policies produces perverse effects of impoverishment of the population and the exclusion of the poor from health care
Guigner, Sébastien. "L'institutionnalisation d'un espace européen de la santé : entre intégration et européanisation." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1G013.
Full textThis PhD thesis investigates the role played by the European Union (EU) in the resetting of the political space of health. To do so, the study uses the institutionalisation of a European political space as the core analytical framework. It implies to point out and explain density, intensity and stability of interactions occuring in the health field at the European/Community level and between this level and other territorial levels. This analytical framework is valuable both for an empirical ant theoretical reasons. Firstly, it gives an opportunity to go beyond traditional views of the influence exerted by the EU in the health field -i. E. The Europe of health- and to assert that a European space of health does exist : directly and indirectly, European institutions impact on many decisions taken in the area of health at various territorial levels. Undoubtedly, the UE contributes to change the political space of health. Secondly, analysing the institutionalisation of a European political space allows decompartmentalising European studies. Indeed, it demands to bring into play classical concepts issued from sociology and political science, and it requires to mix the main approaches developed by analysts of the EU. In particular, thinking in terms of institutionalisation of European political spaces enables to transcend the dichotomy between European integration and europeanisation studies ; the health case demonstrates that the institutionalisation of European political spaces arises from the meeting of integration and europeanisation processes. Thus, while carried out without real plan or leader, the institutionalisation of a European space of health meets a specific order
Johnson, Mark Lawrence. "Contre-mesures médicales contre les risques NRBC : quelles solutions pour un développement facilité dans une économie de marché ?" Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020014/document.
Full textFor some diseases caused by chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents, innovative medical countermeasures (MedCMs) do not exist while many of those that do might not be readily available. In case of a CBRN event, inappropriate medical research and development (R&D) funding and government procurement efforts can result in adverse economic consequences (e.g. lost income) far exceeding the costs of strong and comprehensive preparedness initiatives. Given the budgetary constraints many governments face, priorities must be defined. Parallel to determining effective health decision metrics that identify and weigh the causal effects of negative health impact, decision making must also consider cost-effectiveness to make funding sustainable. Moreover, international cooperation is necessary since the risks increasingly transcend borders due to global travel and the global threat of terrorism. This dissertation ultimately seeks to define a path to public health economic policy to enhance the international availability of CBRN MedCMs. In Part I, the root causes of market failure are identified and depicted (i.e., where rewards for supply do not adequately compensate for the R&D effort). In Part II, case study examples illustrate the characteristics and economic consequences of CBRN incidents. Scenarios for each case are outlined to show where the availability of MedCMs in these situations could potentially be cost-effective. Finally, Part III construes more comprehensive approaches for gauging and offsetting the deterrence factors of market supply and demand by compiling and applying additional economic models and frameworks
Le, Loup Guillaume. "Les politiques publiques de contrôle du VIH/SIDA au Brésil." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066185.
Full textAncelin, Valérie. "Politique de santé publique vis-à-vis de l'hépatite B en France." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P008.
Full textMedina, Sylvia. "Pollutions atmosphériques urbaines : études épidémiologiques et impact en Santé Publique." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P602.
Full textBréchat, Pierre-Henri. "Sollicitations respiratoires et hémodynamiques lors de l'exercice immergé : implications en santé publique." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA3011.
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Salmon, Jean-Hugues. "La prise en charge de l'arthrose des membres inférieurs ; aspect de santé publique." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMM201.
Full textOsteoarthritis is the most common joint disease that can be responsible for a loss of autonomy and a major functional disability. With the aging of the population and the prevalence of obesity, the number of people with lower limb osteoarthritis will increase in the coming years and lead to an explosion of health spending. The "Knee and Hip OsteoArthritis Long-term Assessment" cohort (KHOALA) is a representative French multicenter cohort of patients with symptomatic hip and / or knee osteoarthritis.The aims of this thesis were to provide an overview of the economic consequences of hip and knee osteoarthritis worldwide. Then from the KHOALA cohort, we described health care resources use in the KHOALA cohort, we identified factors associated with trajectories of healthcare use and we estimated the annual total costs. Finally, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on the cost effectiveness of intra-articular hyaluronic acid and disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs used in the treatment of knee OA.The systematic review showed a heterogeneity of the total costs per patient (from 0.7 to 12 k € / year). KHOALA data showed that primary care physicians have a central role in osteoarthritis care, mental health state was the only independent predictive factor of healthcare professional consultations. The mean annual total cost per patient over 5 years was 2180 ± 5,305 €. In France, median annual total costs would be approximately 2 billion €/year (IQR 0.7-4.3)
Etchepare, Michel. "La définition d'une stratégie de santé publique dans les pays en développement : l'exemple du sida en Afrique." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090047.
Full textDue to its specificity to go beyond the mere medical field, aids acts now as an authentic revealer of various dysfunctions in the sanitary, socio-political and economical fields, and commands a pragmatic reflection on all these points. Thus, any comprehensive approach of the problem will require a multidisciplinary as well as a prospective analysis, which will allow an estimate of the human, social and econominal middle term stakes : this is the subject of the present study, limited here to the case of Africa
Bonastre, Julia. "La production de recherche dans les établissements publics de santé et son impact sur le coût des soins." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA111018.
Full textHeussner, Vincent. "La santé publique vétérinaire : étude de l'incidence des exigences sanitaires et économiques sur l'évolution des normes vétérinaires et alimentaires." Perpignan, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PERP0513.
Full textThe increase of food safety preoccupations resulted in national decisions, especially with the creation of the French national food safety agency (afssa). Strict rules have also been established to fight against bse and to prevent consumption of contaminated products. As far as Europe is concerned, the creation of a common food authority agency makes mutual consent. But with the increase of international food trade, french and european levels are not the only ones concerned by sanitary safety. In order to avoid European union to face a dilemma between its rules in food safety and international trade liberty, Europe has to persuade the word trade organisation (WTO) to take into account its sanitary preoccupations
Evans, David. "L'estimation des effets des interventions de santé publique à partir des données observationnelles." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066694.
Full textDans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la façon de mener une analyse épidémiologique afin de la rendre plus directement informative pour la prise de décision politique et pour la conceptualisation des interventions. Cette approche nous a amené à privilégier certains principes et approches méthodologiques qui ont connu des avancées conceptuelles et techniques récentes. Ces approches ont été explorées et développées dans les deux articles publiés dans le cadre de cette thèse. Dans le premier article, nous avons proposé une approche de sélection des variables d’ajustement dans une analyse épidémiologique qui combine les hypothèses a priori encodées dans un GAO avec une méthode de sélection de covariables, en l’occurrence la procédure dite de « changement de l’estimation d’effet ». Dans le deuxième article, nous avons estimé l’association entre le nombre de patients traités par la dialyse péritonéale dans un centre et les résultats du traitement, en utilisant les GAO pour présenter les hypothèses et pour justifier le choix de variables d’ajustement, une analyse de sensibilité probabiliste et une estimation des effets des interventions pour changer le nombre de patients traités dans les centres. Dans l’analyse standard, il y avait une association protectrice entre le nombre de patients traités et le risque de transfert en hémodialyse ; dans l’analyse centrée sur la politique, l’effet était toujours protecteur mais d’une moindre importance. Ce travail a soulevé plusieurs questions conceptuelles et techniques qui pourraient être le sujet des recherches futures
Gimbert, Virginie. "L'état sanitaire en question : les administrations à l'épreuve des risques." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DENSA004.
Full textAissa, Abdelmounim. "La santé publique au Maroc à l'époque coloniale : 1907-1956." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010613.
Full textFrom a colonial viewpoint, the sanitary work that was undertaken in Morocco by the French from 1907 to 1956 was conceived as a moral and civilizing duty, that the coloniser felt bound to provide to its colony. These works were one of the surest and most convenient means to pervade French influence over the moroccan people. It also happened to be the best policy that could have been applied to the Morocco at the time. In spite of the problems encountered, public health service efforts have brought important changes in the area of sanitary progress. It was through the colonial power's initiatives that important improvements in public medical aid were achieved and this in turn allowed the improvements in Moroccans' health standards. Public health as we know it today has steadly developed. It has been organised by an administrative corporation and ruled by laws that orientated certain actions as well as accomplished works in various areas. The Moroccan health plan was considerably modified by the colonial sanitary efforts. The country's sanitary level has greatly improved. The deadly epidemic diseases that were so devastating considerably regressed and in many cases were eradicated. Most endemics were greatly reduced. In a word, public health aims and measures have been successfully applied (both medically and socially) as far as the financial means of the public health and hygiene department would allow
Santos, Walter. "Les défectuosités de la santé dans leurs rapports avec la vie politique brésilienne." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10064.
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