Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Santé de la vigne'
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El, khawand Toni. "Extraction et hémisynthèse de stilbènes de la vigne et du vin pour une application en santé humaine et végétale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0402.
Full textStilbenes are a group of defence molecules produced by grapevine to fight against pathogens. They are consequently found in wine, where they acquire an added value through their proven positive effects on human health. Knowing that the efficacy of stilbenes against some oomycetes and fungus pathogens that attack grapevine increases with their oligomerization degree, the first objective of this thesis was to optimize and proceed to oxidative coupling reactions of resveratrol and ɛ-viniférine extracted from grapevine canes, in the presence of metal salts, in order to produce stilbene oligomers. On the one hand, these hemisynthesis reactions led to the formation of stilbenes with high molecular weight, and to the production of extracts with high antifungal activity against two major grapevine pathogens, Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea. On the other hand, these oxidative coupling reactions carried out on wine helped study the mechanisms of the oxidative transformation of resveratrol in wine, identify the resulting oligomers and determine the conditions conducive to their formation. Finally, the potential effects of these oligomers on human health were studied, by evaluating the level of their anti-inflammatory activity
Amarouchi, Zakaria. "Impact du réchauffement climatique sur l’interaction vigne/micro-organismes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REIMS055.
Full textThe gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea has a devastating impact on various economically important crops, including grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), with annual economic losses exceeding10 to 100 billion dollars worldwide. Currently, pesticides remain the main method used to reduce the incidence of this phytopathogenic fungus. However, in addition to emergence of multidrug resistance, chemicals must be increasingly restricted in order to limit their impact on the environment and human health. Thus, in recent years, biological protection is gaining renewed interest. Therefore, the aim of our project is the development of new biotechnologies allowing the grapevine to better resist pathogenic pressures, through the use of beneficial microorganisms. The rhizosphere is a rich source of microorganisms with strong abilities in the biocontrol of plant diseases. In the present study, isolation of plant beneficial microorganisms was carried out on healthy plants. A total of 42 micro-organisms were isolated from different rhizospheric semi-arid soils collected in vineyards of Meknes in Morocco (Latitude 33.75989, Longitude -5.43909). The in vitro antagonism test of the various isolates towards B. cinerea evealed that among all the isolates tested the strains S3, S4, S5 and S6 showed a positive result. These isolates inhibit the growth of B. cinerea. The four strains were identified by the study of biochemical characters and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The results of the analyzes showed that the bacterial strains retained were related to the following species, of the Bacillus genus: S3: B. velezensis; S4: B. velezensis; and S5: B. halotollerans. Isolate S6 was classified in the genus Enterobacter and identified as E. cloacae. The antagonism test carried out in planta on vine vitroplants indicates that the four rhizobacteria reduce significantly (59%, 39%, 55%, and 17%, respectively), the symptoms of the disease and reduce damage to photosynthetic activity (PSII) due to attack by B. cinerea. This study revealed that strains of the genus Bacillus and Enterobacter isolated from the rhizosphere of the vine could be used as biological control agents in the protection of the vine
Koledenkova, Kseniia. "Développement de solutions de lutte biologique dans la vigne (Vitis vinifera L.) pour augmenter sa résistance naturelle au mildiou (Plasmopara viticola)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS033.
Full textGrapevine cultivation, spanning 45 countries, plays a vital role in global viticulture, with France making significant contribution. However, French vineyards are challenged by biotic and abiotic stresses and rely heavily on chemical pesticides. Plasmopara viticola, the pathogen responsible of grapevine downy mildew, poses a serious threat to viticulture worldwide. Although chemical fungicides have traditionally been the primary method of control, their misuse has led to environmental issues and the development of resistant strains. As a result, alternative strategies like breeding resistant cultivar, using biocontrol agents, and applying resistance inducers have gained importance.Our study explores enhancing breeding programs with the use of beneficial bacteria. We characterized downy mildew resistance in different grapevine cultivars, investigated the underlying resistance mechanisms, and examined plant responses to infection. We also assessed the impact of a biocontrol agent on downy mildew across grapevine cultivars with varying resistance levels. Phenotyping and transcriptomic analyses revealed diverse defense pathways and varying levels of basal immunity. While a modest effect of bacterial priming was observed in susceptible cultivars, the resistance levels in resistant cultivars remained unaltered.In regions prone to high humidity and moderate temperatures, we investigated whether downey mildew-resistant cultivars also exhibited resistance to Botrytis cinerea. The study highlighted the ongoing need for plant-protection products, as the acquisition of downy mildew resistance maybe associated with a loss of genes involved in gray mold resistance. After biotests and molecular analyses, we proposed the use of the beneficial bacterium Burkholderia vietnamiensis as a biocontrol agent, offering a promising alternative to chemical products
Benharbit, El Alami Naïma. "Recherches sur le développement normal et anormal du gynécée de vitis vinifera L. Du bouton floral à la fleur fécondée : importance des tanins vacuolaires et relation avec la coulure." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR22007.
Full textAfifi, Maha. "Métabolisation de l'eutypine chez la vigne : Effet sur la biosynthèse des anthocyanes." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT013A.
Full textDoriguzzi, Agnès. "La feuille de vigne rouge (Vitis vinifera L. Var. "Tinctioria") mise au point bibliographique et contribution analytique." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P141.
Full textZhang, Dapeng. "Conséquences physiologiques de la taille de la vigne : structure conductrice du vieux bois : autorégulation de croissance et régime hydrique selon divers types de taille mécanisables." Bordeaux 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR20032.
Full textAllegre, Mathilde. "Etude du rôle des stomates dans l’interaction vigne – Plasmopara viticola, agent du mildiou." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS002.
Full textPlasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew enters through the uses stomata to enter the plant and to sporulate. It was observed that the infected plants wilted more rapidly than healthy ones when subjected to water starvation. Complimentary approaches were used to investigate stomatal opening/closure during infection. We have shown that the oomycete deregulates guard cell functioning, causing significant water losses during the night, from 3 days post-inoculation, before appearance of the first symptom. The second objective of this study was firstly, to determine whether stomatal closure could reduce infection and secondly, to determine if stomatal complex is the site of defence reactions associated with a reduction of the infection by Plasmopara viticola
Bortolami, Giovanni. "Impact des agents pathogènes sur le bilan hydrique et carboné de la vigne : conséquences pour le dépérissement de la vigne." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0114.
Full textPerennial plant dieback is an increasing and complex phenomenon. Perennial plants experience many interacting stressing events leading to final plant mortality. These interactions, and how they may change regarding climatic conditions and plant physiological status, are key in understanding the dieback process. Although dieback events are increasing worldwide, the knowledge on the dieback mechanisms are scarce, given the many technical challenges in studying complex interactions. In this thesis, we studied the interaction between two stresses frequently experienced by grapevines, one of the most important perennial crops: drought and esca (a vascular disease). Esca is a disease in which there are many competing hypotheses regarding its pathogenesis. One of the main hypothesis is that leaf symptoms and plant death are caused by hydraulic failure in xylem vessels. For this reason, drought is thought to contribute synergistically with esca to grapevine dieback. In this context, this thesis has primarily explored the hydraulic failure hypothesis during esca pathogenesis. We found that during leaf symptom expression both leaves and stems suffer from hydraulic failure causing (on average) 69% loss of hydraulic conductance in midribs, 55% in petioles, and 30% in stems. Differing from classical air embolism during drought, we observed that hydraulic failure during esca was caused by the presence of plant-derived vascular occlusions (i.e. tyloses and gels) produced at a distance from the pathogen niche in the trunk. After this discovering, we explored the interaction between esca and drought, subjecting naturally infected plants to drought. We found that drought totally inhibits esca leaf symptoms, as none of the plants under water deficit (at ΨPD ≈ -1MPa for three months) expressed leaf symptoms in two consecutive seasons. At the same time, in order to understand the interaction between esca and drought, we recorded the whole-plant water relations and carbon economy of grapevine under both stresses. We highlight the distinct physiology behind these two stresses, indicating that esca and drought present different underlying mechanisms, and induce different plant responses and physiological consequences. Esca (and subsequent stomatal conductance decline) does not result from decreases in water potential, and generates different gas exchange and non-structural carbohydrate seasonal dynamics compared to drought. Finally, we observed that esca affected the recorded plant physiology only seasonally, and not over the long-term. This thesis highlights the importance in finding the physiological thresholds triggering the different interactions during plant dieback. Together, the results open new scientific and agronomical perspectives on plant-pathogen-environment interactions and vineyard sustainability
Joly, Delphine. "Génétique moléculaire de la floraison de la vigne." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/JOLY_Delphine_2005.pdf.
Full textThe control of grapevine yield is a major element for viticulture. A decrease of yield would resolve the world wine overproduction, while increasing the quality of the harvest and the wines. The making of grapevine yield is primarily based on the number of inflorescences (bud fertility) and on the flower number produced by the vine. The whole stages leading to flowering was the subject of many researches since more than one century, but the molecular "keys" of grapevine flowering remained unknown until 2001. Many genes involved in the floral development of Arabidopsis thaliana, in particular the AtLEAFY gene, major actor, were characterized during last fifteen years, thus opening a new field of research on the developmental biology of the plants, and in particular on floral initiation. Based on this knowledge, we could clone VvLEAFY gene. The expression analysis of VvLEAFY, and other flowering genes VvTFL1, VvAP1, VvSEP3 and VvAG gave us the first molecular elements of the floral development in grapevine. From a Riesling clones collection showing a different fertility, a study was carried out to verify if the character "fertility" could be expressed by the transcripts level of VvLEAFY or VvTFL1 genes. A clone with strong fertility and one with weak fertility were studied. The analysis by quantitative RT PCR showed that the ratio of VvTFL1 and VvLEAFY transcripts were different between the two clones. Our results suggest that the transcripts level of VvLEAFY and VvTFL1 are associated to the numbers of inflorescences and flowers. Our work shows that a gene expression analysis could explain the phenotype differences in for the fertility. These approaches suggest that inter-clonale variability, appeared during the vegetative multiplication as a result of genetic evolutions. This work could be continued by the search of the origins of this expression variation. In addition, an application of these results could be to develop a tool for characterization of the clone yield (bud fertility and a number of berries per bunch) at the molecular level, which would facilitate the clonale selection for the yield
Ferras, Catherine. "Châteaux de la vigne en Biterrois et Narbonnais /." Montpellier : Université Paul Valéry, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35091240z.
Full textThèse soutenue sous le titre : "Architecture privée au XIXe siècle, les châteaux du vignoble en Bas-Languedoc occidental" Bibliogr. p. 135-153.
Bonnardot, Valérie. "Le climat et la vigne en Bourgogne orientale : climatologie appliquée et recherches d'indices climatiques pour la vigne en Côte de Beaune." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOL031.
Full textThis thesis deals with climate and vineyard in burgundy. Climatic resources and risks results for burgundy winegrowing area has been established. The great lines of the climate, which depend on the geographical situation, where the oceanic, continental and mediterranean influences are meeting, has been displayed using a comparison with other great winegrowing areas in France. But the real climatic advantages for the vineyard is realised in the inferior scale, the cote, between plateau and the eastern plain of Saône. Some main topoclimatic elements are given. The second point of the research is orientated towards the determination of climatic indices for pinot noir grape in the cote de Beaune. Phenological dates (of budding, flowering, ripening and harvest) are estimated using correlations, composite analysis and linear regression methods. Results show that differences between real and estimated dates are small by 3 or 6 days
Lespy-Labaylette, Philippe. "Recherches sur les polyamines des baies de raisin au cours de leur développement et des pépins au cours de leur germination." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR20242.
Full textFournioux, Jean-Claude. "Facteurs de l'édification de la tige de Vitis vinifera L. Dans différentes conditions de culture." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOS015.
Full textLeterrier, Marina. "Régulation et rôle physiologique du gène VvHT1 (Vitis vinifera hexose transporter 1) exprimé durant la maturation de la baie de raisin." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2270.
Full textWine quality strongly depends on the ratio acid/sugar of the grape berries at harvest. Grapevine berries (Vitis vinifera) mainly store hexoses. This accumulation which starts suddenly at the ripening stage named vraison, involves hexoses transporters. A complete clone (VvHT1: Vitis vinifera hexose transporter 1) was previously isolated in the laboratory. Its expression increases around vraison, suggesting that VvHT1 could be involved in hexose accumulation during berry ripening. The work presented here deals with the regulation of VvHT1promoter, using the GUS reporter gene, and with its physiological role, using a sense/antisense strategy in tobacco plants. The data provide the first example of a putative hexose transporter induced by sugars in higher plants and demonstrate an original sugar sensing phenomenon. Some of the plants transformed with VvHT1 cDNA show a marked phenotype and are clearly affected in source/sink partitioning, glucose uptake and sugar metabolism in leaves
Larignon, Philippe. "Contribution à l'identification et au mode d'action des champignons associés au syndrome de l'esca de la vigne." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR22015.
Full textDai, Zhan Wu. "Analyse et modélisation de la croissance et de la composition biochimique des baies de raisin (Vitis vinifera L. ) en réponse à la disponibilité carbonée et hydrique." Avignon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AVIG0612.
Full textThe responses of berry growth and composition (sugars and acids) to intrinsic properties (seed and berry position within a cluster) and exterior factors (assimilate supply and water availability) were studied using both ecophysiological and modelling approaches. During two successive growth seasons, experiments were conducted on two red wine grape (Vitis vinifera L. ) cultivars, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, which grew in greenhouse and/or vineyard. Leaf removing together with berry thinning and shoot girdling were applied to obtain different levels of assimilate supply. In addition, water supply was controlled to provide two level of water availability in one year. With the assistance of a mathematical growth function, seed effect on the final berry size was identified to control berry growth during the first rapid growth phase, while its effect on berry composition is indirect. In addition, number of seeds per berry was a major reason causing intra-cluster variation in berry size and malic acid concentration but not for concentrations of sugars and tartaric acid. Increasing assimilate supply resulted in increases in the average berry fresh weight and sugar concentration, decreases in acid concentration, and decline in the degree of variability in berry traits. Position effect on berry fresh weight, sugars and acid only occurred under assimilate limited conditions. This position effect was not due to differences in seed distribution or berry potential sink size between positions, but was likely ascribed to the relative position of a berry to the assimilate source. A refined SUGAR model (Génard and Souty, 1996) was adopted to grape berry and correctly simulated the negative effect of lowered leaf-to-fruit ratio and the positive effect of water shortage on sugar concentration. Model simulation further indicated that the decreasing leaf-to-fruit ratio reduced sugar import more than sugar metabolism and water dilution, causing a net decrease in sugar concentration. In contrast, the water shortage decreased sugar import less than sugar metabolism and water dilution, resulting in a net increase in sugar concentration. Similarly, berry fresh and dry mass was well reproduced by adopting the Fishman and Génard's (1998) growth model, accurately simulating the reduced berry fresh and dry mass caused by the low leaf-to-fruit ratio. Furthermore, model simulation of the intra-cluster variation in berry fresh and dry
Arnold, Claire. "Ecologie de la vigne sauvage, Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, dans les forêts alluviales et colluviales d'Europe /." Zürich : Vdf, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39974811f.
Full textKoussa, Tayeb. "Recherches sur l'acide abscissique et l'abscissate de ß-D-glucopyranose des feuilles et des bourgeons de vigne." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR20186.
Full textGLAD, CHRISTINE. "Origine gestion et transport des assimilats chez la vigne." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066696.
Full textMarković, Zvjezdana. "Cryoconservation et cryothérapie de la vigne (Vitis vinifera L.)." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NSAM0026/document.
Full textThis study aimed at establishing a cryopreservation protocol for grapevine shoot tips and at testing the efficiency of cryopreservation in eliminating selected grapevine viruses. In vitro cultures of healthy genotypes of eight Croatian autochthonous grapevine cultivars Plavac mali, Maraština, Pošip, Debit, Grk, Lasina, Plavina and Vugava and of virus-infected genotypes of Plavac mali were successfully established. Differences in survival, regrowth and growth parameters were genotype-specific. Infected cultivars were less reactive compared to healthy ones. A PVS2-based cryopreservation protocol was successfully established. Modifications in sucrose preculture conditions and use of PVS2-derived alternative vitrification solutions did not improve growth recovery. By contrast, the physiological state of the plant material played a critical role in cryopreservation. Actively growing buds sampled from single-node microcuttings displayed higher regrowth compared to buds sampled directly on in vitro plantlets. The position of buds on the stem of in vitro mother-plants affected regrowth after cryopreservation. The addition benzylaminopurine in the shooting medium had a positive effect on regrowth after liquid nitrogen exposure, while no such positive effect was observed with zeatine riboside or proline. The cryopreservation protocol established led to approximately 50% recovery with cultivar Portan and three of the four international cultivars tested. By contrast, no or very low recovery was noted with the Croatian cultivars tested. Based on ELISA tests, the GFLV virus was eliminated from 82.4% of non-cryopreserved samples and from 77.78% of cryopreserved samples in cultivar Chardonnay and the GLRaV-3 virus was eliminated from 100% of both non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved samples in cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon. These results may be related with our immunolocalisation studies, which showed that GFLV was found in the apical dome and meristematic tissues in cultivar Pinot Noir and GLRaV-3 in sieve elements of cultivar Merlot. Genetic stability of plants regenerated from cryopreserved shoot tips was studied using AFLP markers. With the eight AFLP primer combinations employed on the 43 plants tested, no polymorphism was observed after sucrose preculture, treatment with the loading solution and half-strengthPVS2. However, polymorphic fragments were observed in non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved samples treated with PVS2 solution, the number of which increased with increasing durations of exposure to PVS2 solution
REDON, CHRISTOPHE ELIAN. "Identification-caracterisation des histones de la vigne (vitis vinifera l. ). Mise en evidence d'une relation entre histone linker et developpement de la vigne." Reims, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REIMS030.
Full textBarbier, Hugues. "Recherche de marqueurs associés à la contrainte en azote et en carbone chez la vigne (vitis vinifera var. Cabernet Sauvignon)." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21095.
Full textThe stake of the vine growing, is to produce fruits of quality suitable for the manufacture of wine. For that, the growing methods related to the control of the nitrogen contribution (nitrate fertilizers and the availability of carbon (limitation of leaf aera). This thesis work concerned the search for biochemical and molecular markers on grape (Vitis vinifera var Cabernet Sauvignon) associated with nitrogen and carbon constraints. He biochemical (sugar concentration, free amino acids, and ecophysiologic (growth of the vegetative parts) studies of fruit-bearing cuttings showed that the growth (size if the plants and leaf aera) is the more discriminating character between the plants under constraint and control conditions. But they did not allow to disciminate the nitrogen and the carbon constraint. A molecular study was thus undertaken by realization of SSH libraries (Subtractive Suppressive Hybridization) for the plants placed in nitrogenized constraint vs control plants. The screening of these libraries by microarrays highlighted 137 clones induced or repressed by the nitrogen constraint
Jreij, Rana. "Incidence des itinéraires culturaux : fertilisation foliaire azotée, irrigation et hauteur de haie végétale, sur la composition azotée des baies de Vitis vinifera en climat méditerranéen." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON13517.
Full textValtaud, Christophe. "Biologie des agents de l'esca et impacts sur la vigne (Vitis vinefera L. Cv Ugni blanc)." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2315.
Full textEsca disease is a grapevine damage induced by pathogenic fungi localized in the xylem especially Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum. We evaluated the effect of various environmental factors, such as temperature and pH on the development of these two fungal pathogens and determined the corresponding cyto-physiological criteria leading to their in vitro characterization. In selectively infected cuttings we observed that these agents invaded different areas: P. Chlamydospora developed mainly in vessels and fibres whereas P. Aleophilum was detected predominantly in protoxylem and pith areas. Our data also highlighted P. Aleophilum capacity to degrade lignified wall layers whereas P. Chlamydospora only disorganized pectocellulose walls. In addition, co-inoculations of the two fungi showed the synergistic capacity of these two fungi to invade wood and cause cell wall damage. In canes and leaves of Vitis vinifera cv Ugni blanc we determined specific phenotypic and structural features of the esca disease and compared this to those of black dead arm and eutypa dieback. We observed the impact of esca on glutathione in leaves, focusing on gene expression corresponding to enzymes involved in its metabolism, as well as glutathione S-transferases. Apart from an initial perturbation in primary metabolism, levels and redox state of glutathione and expression of glutathione S-transferases can be considered as stress markers in vine: their detection might constitute an early indicator for infection of grapevine by esca disease in the field
Deswarte, Corine. "L'eutypiose de la vigne : mode d'action et détoxication de l'eutypine, toxine produite par Eutypa lata." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT017A.
Full textLe, Clech Bernard. "Fonctionnement hydrique de la vigne, de l'échelle de la journée à celle de l'année : étude de quelques conséquences en viticulture." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR20436.
Full textColrat, Ségolène. "L'eutypiose de la vigne : caractérisation d'un mécanisme de l'eutypine, toxine produite par Eutypa lata." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT006A.
Full textBoukharta, Mohamed. "Étude des flavanoïdes [i. E. Flavonoïdes] de Vitis vinifera : structure des proanthocyanidines des pépins de raisin, de sarments et de feuilles de vigne." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10022.
Full textTelebak, Tripo. "Évaluation des rendements en fonction de différents moyens de protection de la vigne contre le gel hivernal au Québec." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Find full textAttia, Faouzi Garcia Marc Pierre Lamaze Thierry. "Effet du stress hydrique sur le comportement écophysiologique et la maturité phénolique de la vigne Vitis vinifera L. Etude de cinq cépages autochtones de Midi-Pyrénées /." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000654.
Full textZIRN, MYRIAM. "Panonuchus ulmi, l'araignee rouge de la vigne : pullulation et methodes de lutte." Strasbourg 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR15046.
Full textTisserant, Leo-Paul. "Développement de racines transformées de vigne pour l'étude des stilbènes." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS037/document.
Full textThis work aims at the setting up and the study of a new in vitro culture for a cost-effective production of highly pure resveratrol derivatives. To answer that need, hairy root lines of Vitis vinifera L. were established, stabilized and screened. Their low growth rate was improved by testing various culture media and different sucrose concentrations. The best growth rate was obtained with ½ SH medium with 2% (w/v) sucrose. The growth and stilbene production kinetics were assessed in these conditions. A constitutive production of stilbenes was observed in roots, though they showed a strong response to eliciting treatments such as methyl jasmonate and cyclodextrines. In these conditions, the hairy roots yielded high stilbene production in terms of concentrations as well as diversity. The diversity of the stilbenes obtained has been described by biochemical profiling of both root and their culture medium extracts using CPC-NMR and LC-MS. Together with the study of hairy roots, we used cell suspensions cultures as a simplified model to study the excretion of t-resveratrol. Candidate transporters have been screened for using a global plasma membrane proteomic approach based of iTRAQ. ABC G transporters were pointed out as promising candidates and were further characterized by studying their gene expression. Together, these results support the interest of grapevine hairy root cultures for the study of stilbenes metabolism and their bioproduction
Mohamed, Nwara. "Pythium et Pythines : rôle dans les relations vigne / Botrytis cinerea." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS059.
Full textForveille, Laurence. "Typage des clones de cépages de vigne par "cartographie RMN"." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28P01.
Full textDumont, Delphine. "Les proanthocyanidols de la vigne : intérêt pharmacologique et applications thérapeutiques." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P031.
Full textRudelle, Jérôme. "Etude de l'eutypiose de la vigne : aspects structuraux et phytosanitaires." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2307.
Full textRavolanirina, Florine. "L'endomycorhization VA des plantes ligneuses (vigne, pommier et poirier) micropropagées." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS030.
Full textHalgand, François Sallenave-Namont Claire. "Le court noué de la vigne état actuel des connaissances /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=57711.
Full textKitao, Yukio. "Etude par la culture associée in vitro de la variabilité de l'̈oïdium et de la sensibilité relative des cultivars de vigne." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR20101.
Full textBonomelli, Alexandra. "Amélioration de la tolérance de la vigne aux agents pathogènes : étude de deux approches : trasngénèse [i.e. Trangénèse] et simulation des défenses naturelles." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL034N.
Full textBelhadj, Assia. "Stimulation des défenses naturelles de la vigne par le méthyl jasmonate : impact sur la biosynthèse des polyphénols et sur la résistance aux champignons." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21272.
Full textPlant treatment with signaling molecules named elicitors leads to the stimulation of their natural defence mechanisms. In order to improve grapevine (Vitis vinifera) tolerance against fungal pathogens, this plant was treated with natural exogenous elicitors : methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and ethylene (ET). Gamay Fréaux cell suspensions, Cabernet Sauvignon foliar cuttings and grapevine plants (Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot) react to elicitation with an accumulation of transcripts coding pathogenesis-related proteins and with the production of phytoalexins (antimicrobial compounds). Protection tests on grapevine foliar cuttings and in vineyard confirm eliciting activity of these compounds by triggering enhanced plant tolerance against powdery and downy mildews. These experiments revealed that MeJA and ET act as efficient elicitors in a strategy of grapevine protection
Garreau, Olivier. "Droit de la santé, droit à la santé." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10038.
Full textTavernaraki, Niki. "Etude du système "sol-climat-vigne", pour l'appréciation du potentiel vitivinicole de différents terroirs, dans la région de Naoussa (Grèce, cépage Xynomavro)." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR20694.
Full textMas, Canals Víctor de. "A propòsit del «Cicle de Flo La Vigne», de Llorenç Villalonga." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/101463.
Full textIn connection with the novels that make up the so-called Villalonga Cicle de Flo la Vigne, this thesis characterizes the historical context, analyzes the novelistic concept of the author, makes a detailed analysis of each novel and stops in the contemporary critique re-conception that they had. The main results and conclusions obtained from the analysis of the data are the following ones. Although the syntagma is operating, there isn’t actually a Cicle de Flo la Vigne, but the novel Flo and the West decline cycle. In his novelistic practice, Villalonga did not fit to his theoretical proposals. Thematically, Villalonga is compulsive, his work revolves around the individual and collective death; all his creations are a pretext to talk about this issue, which adapt materials of many different origins, even if he has to distort them. So, aware of his own death, love to himself pushes him to achieve the immortality through the literature. Along this immortality search, Villalonga will become a journalist and a predictor, much more rationalist than retrograde, will become an ecology pioneer and will evolve to pancatalanism. As much as this latest relevance has been refused, has been suggested Villalonga homosexuality, however Villalonga was not gay but homophile. To finish, some obtained conclusions are momentous. Traditionally, Villalonga work has been considered divided between the works that make an elegy of the past and the ones that make a satire of the present. This division is operational, but has its limitations. There is indeed an elegy in Bearn, but there are also in Lulú regina, even if it’s located in the future. We affirm that there is a much more significant line that divides the work of Villalonga, which is always linked to the will to survive. On the one hand, the eschatological chronic, which connects with the literature survival. On the other hand, the memorialist literature, which allows him the personal survival; as he had a lack of biology, he had the literature: Les fures, El misantrop, L’àngel rebel, Falses memories de Salvador Orlan. In this context, L’àngel rebel is a doubly unique work. First, because it participates in both of the two mentioned productive points: the memorialist and the scatological. Secondly, because it takes the negative of Porcel, which is, in fact, the push to boost Villalonga to complete his great eschatological cycle: Don Toni de Bearn, Obdúlia de Montcada, Lilí, Lulús, Andrea Víctrix. So, use the syntagma “the autor of Bearn” as a synonymous phrase for Villalonga is correct, but if it is used as a descriptive synecdoche of his work is to fall into an unacceptable reductionism: when you have read Bearn, you have just started reading Villalonga.
Pérès, Stéphanie. "La vigne et la ville : forme urbaine et usage des sols." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448670.
Full textDupuy, Julien. "Simulation numérique de l'écoulement de pesticide dans un modèle de vigne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23330/23330.pdf.
Full textCoupel-Ledru, Aude. "Déterminisme physiologique et génétique de l'utilisation de l'eau chez la vigne." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NSAM0020.
Full textIn Mediterranean regions, water scarcity associated with climate change particularly threatens the sustainability of viticulture. Breeding grapevine for reduced water use and maintained production is therefore of major interest. This requires a comprehensive knowledge of the plant physiological responses to drought. In this study we focused on the determinism of transpiration rate as a key trait regulating water status in plant tissues, and on its relationship with water-use efficiency (WUE). We used a F1 progeny from a cross between cultivars Syrah and Grenache and combined powerful phenotyping tools on potted plants submitted to either well-watered or mild deficit conditions with quantitative genetics (for QTL detection) and physiological experiments. Analysis of the genetic control of water status maintenance in the plant, more or less efficient under soil water deficit (i.e. iso- or anisohydric), revealed a dual physiological determinism with a key role for plant hydraulic conductance beside that of stomatal control of transpiration. An indirect role of abscisic acid on stomatal conductance was also evidenced, mediated by the downregulation of leaf hydraulic conductance, with a genetic variability which correlated with genetic variation in iso- or aniso-hydric behaviour. We then revealed wide genetic variations in nocturnal transpiration, which correlated with variations in water use efficiency, and identified corresponding genetic and physiological determinants. In a final switch to the field, we showed consistency between QTLs detected for daytime WUE in pots and in the vineyard. Beyond the potential interest of the QTLs detected in this study for breeding prospects, this work demonstrated the benefits of quantitative genetics to shed light on ecophysiological and physiological processes
Chapuis, Laurence. "L'eutypiose de la vigne : contribution à l'étude des relations hôte-parasite." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR22002.
Full textYahyaoui, Tarek. "Etude de la morphogénèse in vitro des ébauches d'inflorescences de vigne." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS051.
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