Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Santé de la reproduction – Aspect politique'
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Anton, Elena Lorena. "La mémoire de l'avortement en Roumanie communiste : une ethnographie des formes de la mémoire du pronatalisme roumain." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21716/document.
Full textTaking the pronatalism of Ceausescu’s regime as a case study, this thesis is an an ethnography of the memory-formes of a recent delicat past, such as the banning of abortion in a totalitarist regime. From 1966 to 1989, the communist regime imposed extreme policies of controlled demography in Romania, as it was imputed, for ‘the good of the socialist nation’. A construction of maternity as ‘Romanian tradition’ was developed in parallel to the banning of abortion on request and the making of contraception almost inaccessible. The social remembering of such a difficult past is still a taboo in contemporary Romanian society. This law-remembering, which is maybe playing an important role in the current situation of Romania’s reproductive health, is influenced by the intersubjectivities devellopped between the different forms of pronatalist memory, i.e. its official memory, its cultural memory and its social memory. The analysis of those memory-formes and their intersubjectivities is based on an anthropological fieldwork (2004-2009) on the memory of abortion in Communist Romania, and is theoretically informed by the interdisciplinary field of Memory Studies
Guyavarch, Emmanuelle. "Démographie et santé de la reproduction en Afrique sub-saharienne. Analyse des évolutions en cours : Une étude de cas : l'observatoire de population de Bandafassi (Sénégal)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MNHN0038.
Full textLocated in a rural area particularly disadvantaged in Senegal, the population of Bandafassi has experienced a very high level of mortality documented from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s and evidence indicates that infant and child mortality has began to decline at the end of the 1980s, due in particular to vaccinations. Fertility remains stable at the high level. Changes will be conditioned on the spread of voluntary birth control, a process which is still in its very early stages of initiation and susceptible to reversal as indicated by the result of an in-depth survey of contraceptive knowledge and practice
Lequien, Laurent. "Essais d'évaluation de politique publique dans les champs de l'éducation, de la santé et des politiques d'emploi." Phd thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00705944.
Full textJourdan, Didier. "Paternalisme et visée émancipatrice : politiques et pratiques de santé publique à l'épreuve du discernement éthique." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA1036.
Full textHealth education and in general public health policies and practices raise crucial questions but, in comparison to the practice of medicine, little attention was given to the question of the ethics of public health. This PhD thesis is focused on ethical issues in public health: issues of freedom of individuals, paternalism of the state, who defines the “new secular morality” defining the “good” (the healthy) and the “bad” (risk behaviors), whether there is any legitimacy in promoting tips for healthy life, how they can be considered compatible with individual’s freedom of choice? The first section of the thesis is devoted to a systematic analysis of the ethical problems that arise in public health. The different available frameworks for ethical decision are described in the second section. The last one is focused on the application of relevant principles and values to public health decision making
El, Yousri Laaziza. "Essai d'approche socio-économique du système de santé au Maroc." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1D309.
Full textIn morocco, the health policy enforced since the independence has been based essentially on the curative hospital sector, the preven tive policy having been complety neglected. However, two fondamental reasons allow us to affirm that such a strategy is not viable in long run. First of all, the small proportion of the population cared for du to the concentration of hospitals in few urban center their failur to adjust to the prevailing pathology. Secondly the incapacity of the state to cover the running costs of modern hospitals. In order ro remedy this situation the plan (1981-1985) provides for a cut in hospital building and the adoption of a policy based on a broad definition of health ( the primary health care). Taken this way, the health system would lead to a better adjustment to supply and demand of health care. Howewer the ambitions ojectives of the plan (1981-1985) have not yet given rise to measu-rable complete results. It is therefore advisable to look at matterns relatively and not to pass hasty judment on a system which will have measurable effects only in few years
Krief, Nathalie. "Les pratiques stratégiques des organisations sanitaires et sociales de service public." Lyon 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO20052.
Full textAngers, Daniel. "La promotion de l'hygiène privée, les autorités sanitaires de la province de Québec et la propagande hygiéniste en territoire québécois, 1908-1936." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0026/MQ35656.pdf.
Full textJeouabi, Habib. "La médecine sportive et le statut du médecin du sport : les activités physiques et sportives, instrument de politique de santé publique : nécessité d'une reconnaissance officielle, légitime, de la médecine sportive et du statut du médecin du sport." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA083644.
Full textRhenter, Pauline. "De l'institutionnel au contractuel : psychiatrie publique et politiques de santé mentale en France (1945-2003)." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/rhenter_p.
Full textThe Thesis deals with the link of mental health Policies with public psychiatry since 1945. More specifically, it questions about laws which are adopted in order to transform french public psychiatric organization and culture. On that assumption, the study focuses on the dialogue, more or less successfull, between social values, which are integrated into laws and political decisions and a local professional culture. Since 1945, the french psychiatric culture has fed on a demand for a common law and place for patients and nursing staffs. Since 1990, new rules have enforced a new model. One the one hand, this model makes of the relationship between patients and psychiatrists an "unspecified" relationship of service; on the other hand, it advocates a mental health horizontal organization between health and social actors. This new political model, whose key words are "contract", "réseau" and "evaluation", causes resistances and inventions from psychiatric professionals who are determined to maintain their specific values. Moreover, its material and symbolic effects show the characteristics of a law which forgets social and historical dimensions of its object. Lastly, such evolutions emphasize the way how psychiatric knowledge alters because of growing professional identity changes
Gandreau, Stéphanie. "Les droits de l'être humain face aux enjeux de la biomédecine." Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21027.
Full textEboko, Fred. "Pouvoirs, jeunesses et sida au Cameroun : politique publique, dynamiques sociales et contructions des sujets." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40039.
Full textGuers-Guilhot, Joe͏̈lle. "Alternatives en psychiatrie : de l'histoire à l'évaluation : six "secteurs" dans la Loire." Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO33005.
Full textDurif, Christine. "Rupture et convergence des savoirs sur le corps et la maladie." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H070.
Full textWidart, Frédéric. "Le travail, voie royale vers la santé mentale ?" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC013.
Full textOur era is characterised by a generalisation of managerial rationale to all areas of human activity. Deemed too passive and ineffective, the protective and compensatory mindset of the welfare state is changing towards activation and accountability policies. Following the corporate example, the latter aim to make an individual the entrepreneur of their life, the manager of their re-integration into the workplace as well as their care path and their recovery. The model currently dominating the organisation of mental health care is psychosocial rehabilitation. Its principles can be found at the heart of national policies, via WHO, notably in Belgium and France. This approach clearly puts the accent on working life by preferably being involved at a behavioural level (skills training) while leaving therapeutic approaches based on words essentially to one side. However, within the current socio-economic context (globalization, productivity, burn-out, unemployment), can work truly be the royal way to mental health? By committing to the entrepreneur ideal, can the new mental health care policies promote subjective (re-)modelling with regard to "work" (ordinary and psychic) so as to restart the identificatory quest, to go beyond the restrictions of psychopathology or identity crisis? If it is considered that sublimation work is not for general use and is only accessible to a few people, is this imperative appropriate to everyone and transferable by everyone?
Ndiaye, Ahmeth. "La santé au Sénégal entre médecine curative et médecine préventive : 1895-1945." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30042.
Full textHaving defined the subjects and his objectives, the author exposes the debuts of the sanitary action over a period going from 1895 till 1914, by presenting the environment and the people, as well as the search for a medical policy by France. The reorientations of the medical policy: the remedial medicine and the medicine of mass (1914-1934) constitutes the second part of this work clarifying the colonial boom and the first results. The development of the health service: 1935-1945, concerning the News deal and the activity of the health service constitutes the conclusion of this work
Chenard, Kina. "Regards croisés sur les déterminants des choix de politiques publiques : applications à trois secteurs d'intervention gouvernementale : la politique de santé, la politique de stabilisation financière et la politique d'assainissement budgétaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23542.
Full textLaurent, Ludivine. "Les mobilisations collectives des professionnels de santé." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20014.
Full textThe health sector is in crisis. Over the past two decades, all health professionals regularly show their discontent. The strike of internal consultations with wild private practice doctors, all professions in this sector have experienced a collective mobilization. The research work was conducted to analyze the collective action of these practitioners. Thus both the transition to the action that developments of social movements are the heart of our reflections. It is clear that the analysis of collective mobilization of health professionals includes both a dimension macrosociological (structures, organizations) and dimension microsociologique (beliefs, identities, corporativism). The common link between these two spheres is that all elements are related resources of the social movement, which will permit the establishment of a structure and coherence of the mobilization in order to win the government. This research thus highlight the denominators that explain both the shift to collective action (dynamic mobilisers moving), and developments of these mobilizations (expressiveness mobilizations)
Ozorio, Lucia. "Les politiques participatives de santé : une analyse institutionnelle du Parque royal." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081961.
Full textBili, Anne-Briac. "La place de la télémédecine à domicile dans lʼorganisation du système de santé en France." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00663358.
Full textKezirian, Emmanuelle. "Limites des outils descriptifs du marché des médicaments : exemple des antidépresseurs." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P033.
Full textLagasnerie, Grégoire de. "Trois essais en économie de la santé sur la régulation de la demande de soins de ville s'appuyant sur la méthode de micro-simulation." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0093.
Full textThis thesis sheds light on various issues in health economics (reimbursement system of care, sensitivity of the demand for health care prices , prediction of the dynamics of care expenses ) through the technique of micro -simulation. This thesis is composed of three articles. The first two articles of this thesis contribute to improved understanding of the mechanism related to the regulation of health care demand through the reimbursement system. The last article analyzes the evolution of the demand for care in the medium and long term. The first article focuses on the analysis in term of equity and hedging of reform of the reimbursement system of healthcare services in France. The second article examines the implications for health insurance and the insured of changes in consumption behavior of insured following a reform of the reimbursement system of cafe in France. The third article, from the study of different methods of projections in the economic literature analyzes the dynamic of outpatient healthcare expenditure related to the ageing population
Pagani, Victoria. "La fabrique des comportements : analyse du processus de normativité et prise en compte de l'éthique en santé publique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0275.
Full textContext - There is growing interest in ethics in the health world. If the questions of medical ethics (end of life, doctor / patient relationship ...) and research ethics (Helsinki declaration ...) focus our attention, is it about ethics in health? public health and more specifically the ethics of prevention policies? While the rationale for prevention seems obvious: to promote healthy behaviors, this evidence is only apparent. The prevention at stake of many personal, cultural, societal and collective values: the definition of "good health", the freedom, the justification of the intervention of the authorities in the private life, the equity, the social justice ... As many questions as the essential ethical reflection. Thus, prevention policies and tools can not overcome ethical questioning when we are interested in the subject of health behaviors, we seek to change the "habitus" of individuals, seats of their values and their cultures. These questions are necessary and can orient strategies more precisely and contribute to their acceptability and effectiveness among the populations. Or, this ethical reflection in the field is undeveloped in France, even though it has helped research and public action. Objective - The objective of this study was to characterize the consideration of an ethical reflection during the creation of the norm in public health through a study on preventive nutritional policies. Methods - To meet this objective, in three steps: 1) Analysis of the literature on normativity, 2) analysis of the literature on tools of ethical analysis in public health Nutrition policies: the texts relative to the PNNS 3 were analyzed and Stakeholders were interviewed to reconstruct the process of developing a public health policy and price analysis of ethics and human rights. Results-This multidisciplinary research has made it possible to highlight the different definitions and types of norms as well as the interest and opportunities of ethical questioning both in the normative process in prevention and in the process of health policy development public. Perspectives- The perspectives of this study are conceptual and practical: to illustrate the relationship between norms and values, and to develop a tool for analyzing ethical issues in public health plans
Nsarhaza, Bishikwabo Kizito. "La restructuration du secteur de santé et le marché informel: cas de la République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212128.
Full textDiop, Aladji Madior. "Éducation à la vie familiale et en matière de population : santé de la reproduction et enjeux démographiques à Saint-Louis du Sénégal." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28730/28730.pdf.
Full textProult, David. "L'évaluation des coûts externes sanitaires : le cas de la production d'électricité." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010010.
Full textRational management of the environment requires knowledge of the costs of environmental impacts. This thesis seeks to define methods for assessing the health costs of atmospheric pollution in order to apply them to the valuation of damages induced by the fossil fuel-based electricity generation. The multifacetted aspects of health maintenance and the principle of sovereignty of individuals' preferences require to look beyond the mere market prices of health expenses. They call for the measurement of the loss of wellbeing resulting from health degradation or the increase in death risk. Theoritical answers to measurement problem of environmental damages have been provided by methods developed in the field of envirommental economics. Indirect market methods used to reveal individuals'preferences in the field of morbidity and mortality have proved to lack efficacy. The examination of health-related contingent valuations shows that individuals make hypothetical trade-offs between money and changes in their wellbeing. This evidence weakens the theory set forth by Kahneman and Knetsch (1992) developed around the existence of embedding effects. Although monetary measurements of variations in satisfaction are undeniably a function of the change in security that individuals are proposed with, their elasticity seems particularly low. This characteristic is observed in both areas of morbidity and mortality. The relative imprecision of contigent valuations in these areas leads to the problem of individuals' capacity to make clear-cut trade-offs between their income and their security. Such an issue calls for cautious utilization of contigent valuations in health damages assessments, in particular as this applies directly to the setting of an optimal pollution level in the framework of public health policies
Billemont, Hubert. "L'écologie politique : une idéologie de classes moyennes." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122490.
Full textPalacio, Sañudo Jorge. "Impact psychologique de la violence politique sur les jeunes et la famille : comparaison de familles déplacées et de familles pauvres en Colombie." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100091.
Full textHunsmann, Moritz. "Depoliticising an epidemic : international AIDS control and the politics of health in Tanzania." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0021.
Full textAlDS-control strategies in sub-Saharan Africa involve crucial national political compromises. Yet, they are frequently formulated in heteronymous settings dominated by Western donor agencies. Drawing on a case study of Tanzania, a country whose response to the epidemic is 97% donor-funded, this thesis develops a political economy of international AIDS control. It explores some of the specifically political aspects of the struggle against HIV/AIDS in Tanzania by analysing the formulation of national 1-llV-prévention and treatment policies, and confronting these policies with a critical review of their biological and epidemiological foundations. The fieldwork combines a series of 92 in-depth interviews with key policymakers at the national level with the observation of AIDS-related decision processes in donor-government meetings. In this way, this \l1ésis analyses the unequal political attention given to different causal stories of the spread of HIV, and their impact on the use of evidence in the formulation of prevention policies. Moreover, it describes how AIDS policymakers adopt non-decision strategies when faced with the intricate trade-offs imposed by the inescapable prioritization of HIV-prevention and -treatment interventions in a context of insufficient resources. Finally, developing upon an analysis of the controversy among players about the effects of international AIDS control on the overall coherence of national health policies, the thesis explores the contradictions of a vertical AIDS response in a context of dysfunctional health systems and poor general population health. On this basis, it examines the possibilities to elaborate an emancipatory critique
Guidou, Nadège. "La qualité, l'innovation et la créativité du travail au sein des organisations : vers une politique globale de prévention de la souffrance psychique au travail." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2089/document.
Full textThis research work deals with the intervention in prevention of occupational psychological health problems. It highlights the difficulties between knowing and doing: the biggest difficulties occur after diagnosis, when work situations and the organisation have to be substantially and permanently transformed. To reach this goal, a great deal of theoretical work has been carried out in order to identify in literature and analyse significant models of intervention for their coordination between a sound theoretical framework around the dynamics of occupational health (knowing) and a methodological framework of intervention (doing). We propose thus, through a literature review, three dimensions able to theorize the transition from knowledge to action, a transition which is understood as a social process as such and not as a methodological consequence. Those 3 dimensions, namely the object of the intervention, the level of involvement and the cognitive prevention process implemented with the actors, are at the heart of our work. Thanks to this theoretical and epistemological work, the designed methodological framework aims at developing scientifically this process, seeking its comprehensibility and the beginning of a work of predictability, and enabling reproducibility by other actors in the future. To that end, we present 3 studies, each firmly rooted in practice, within occupational health departments, and thus in the field. They study the effects of different linkages between the object of intervention, the level of involvement and the cognitive prevention process. The whole process fits into fundamental applied research and results in the proposal and the testing of a new model of prevention, which enables to go beyond the limits observed in literature. This new approach is characterised by this specific coordination and also by an innovative methodology that puts the intervention within a process of organisational innovation. Based on the implementation of a proximal zone of development, it allows the actors to develop transitional activities and is helpful in the difficulties they face in any prevention system. Eventually, this work opens new practical and scientific orientations, questions the stance of the occupational health professionals as well as the framework of practice of occupational psychologists
Sy, Zeyni El Abidine. "Assainissement, salubrité et santé en milieu urbain : le cas de Saint-Louis du Sénégal." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30069.
Full textThe consequencies of the deficit of the urban area management about the sanitary aspect of the populations are not only tragic but often unknowed. It's through the city of Saint-Louis example that we have studied children health aged 0 to 14 years. It was factors analysis (urban environment, sanitation of the districts, supply health care, risk behavior) that determines most the health in urban area. It result that Saint-Louis is a morbid city. The high morbidity confirms the state of general unhealth urban environment and the bad health state of the whole population. The main part of the pathologies comes from a lack hygiene. We remark that the high prevalences of the hygienic pathologies and the level intra-urban community facilities are note connected. The study reveal that, probably, it was the living conditions that determines mostly the level of the sanitary risk. The deseases affects all districts. The inter-district difference is situated only on the nature of the pathology. The morbidity seasonality is well distingued: a summer high-morbidity against a winter low-morbidity. Our conclusion shows that the deficit of sanitation is a political choice question, but the urban pathology development will be rather connected to the way of life population and not to the deficit of supply health care. The study reveal also the necessity of a urban health policy where the medical geography, by his systemic approch, will can contributed efficiently
Quesne, Lionel. "De l'insalubrité à l'hygiénisme, émergence politique d'une problématique environnementale : L'exemple du Mans." Le Mans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LEMA0004.
Full textIn the last 20 th century, the advanced industrial societies seem to discover that the environnemental degradations caused by their diverse rejections could compromise the health and even the population's survival. The aim of this thesis is to make the archeology of this environnemental problematic, to excavate the conditions of its possibility and recognition. The corpses were the very first remnants to be thaught as a problem. Especially from the second part of the 18 th century, the smell of their decay was suspected to bring death. By a play of analogies, doctors and chimists set an identity among all the stinks and mortal power of the corpses was extended to human concentration, excrements and all the refuses which overflowed the town. The doctors established not only a diagnosis but also they suggested some cures. The evacuation of all springs of miasmas and the improvement of the circulation of air composed the two main poles of their urban therapy. However, at the end of the 18 th century, their wide programm of reform would have been applied by very little, which would attest the weak impact of their discourse with the political power. From that moment, conquering this power mattered. The strategy mainly consisted in translating the sanitary discourse into a language of order. But yet, the economical stakes composed an obstacle to the recognition of this new hygienic discourse. The intervention of the cholera, unexpoected ally, would have to be waited for, to begin imposing itself.
Blake, Hélène. "Les risques du métier : emploi des séniors, santé et anticipations." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0074.
Full textThis thesis is a compilation of empirical works on seniors' behaviors. It is set in the context of reforms of retirement pension systems in develop countries which leads to a growing individualization of retirement choices. The first two chapters focus on how work impacts health using reforms of the French main pension system as exogenous shocks. Two different criteria are used to measure health: subjective well-being and mortality. It appears that work has a negative impact on physical health and increases morbidity for almost everybody. However the size and nature of effects are heterogeneous according to gender, education or income. I find that lower educated people are more impacted physically by work and that pension improves social life, especially women's. Men getting the lowest pensions (less than 954 euros a month) are more affected by the length of working life than by their retirement age, contrarily to other income groups. The third chapter is an analysis of the rigidity of seniors' employment rates in OECD countries facing a reform of their pension systems. Results show that seniors' employment reacts much more to work incentives in a context of good and homogeneous labor relations. The sources of heterogeneity of behaviors thus need to be studied. The fourth chapter analyzes one of them which is the differences in the experience of economic shocks for seniors. I find that for given individual situations with respect to income, employment and marital situation, people who grew up in a context of growth are more optimist concerning the American economy's future and children of unemployment men are more pessimistic concerning their own future on the labor market, which is not justified by facts (they have a lower propensity to be fired). Unemployment benefits are found to have a strong influence that mitigates or even cancels out this effects
Abba, Seidik. "Contribution à l'étude des freins à la publicisation du SIDA en Afrique : le cas du Niger." Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/78dc0c08-ac16-4176-b1f8-3d028cb64f6a.
Full textBeing at the cross-roads of the information and communication sciences, anthropology, sociology and political sciences, this thesis examines the mechanisms of sensitizing a new disease which is progressively becoming a worldwide pandemic; AIDS. The work aims to analyse in detail the various obstacles hampering the sensitization of the disease within the context of Niger, with emphasis on the problem raised by the issue in terms of the process. After having analysed the socio-economic and cultural context of the research framework, the study focuses on the various parties involved in the sensitization and in the modes of mobilization that they have chosen. We can therefore reveal why AIDS does not appear at the top of the political agenda and why it does not rally Niger media as much as it should. The thesis defended here pushes aside the idea of a “tacit agreement” or a “guilty lack of concern” in order to deal with the issue of sensitization as the result of interactions between the several parties involved: politicians, the media, associations, experts and even AIDS sufferers. Finally the study demonstrates how each of these groups realities (politicians, the media, as well as associative or scientific groups) influence either directly or indirectly the sensitization or not of both scientific and sociological facts of great importance such as the spreading of AIDS
Sow, Khoudia. "De l'exception à la "normalisation" : Anthropologie de la santé reproductive confrontée au VIH au Sénégal." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3048.
Full textSince the last decade has seen a transition from treating childbearing in the context of HIV as an “exception” to a discourse of “normalization,” this dissertation aims to understand the conditions and effects of this change. This ethnographic survey was conducted over a period of ten years among people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy, women living with HIV who experienced childbearing and healthcare professionals working in PMTCT in two reproductive health facilities in Senegal. This study sheds lights on a “moral system” for HIV prevention, contradictory in some respects, that provides women few socially acceptable means to protect themselves from the risk of HIV. Childbearing may be perceived as a strategy to reaffirm female identity, test the capacity of a body made “normal” by ARVs to give birth without transmitting HIV, strengthening strained marital bonds, and reducing the risk of social stigmatization. Men living with HIV appear isolated, fragile, unsupported, and even “forgotten” relative to childbearing while they themselves are suffering or are affected by the situations of their wives or families. Health professionals now integrate HIV counseling and testing in their practices but continue to project attitudes of “exception” about treating PLHIV and pregnant HIV-Positive women. This study shows the various social uses of childbearing : a subject leading to emulation, resistance, suffering, and rivalry for women living with HIV and their spouses. Alongside the normalization “decreed” by public health officials, women living with HIV have reclaimed the possibility to procreate
Bourrelly, Stéphane. "Modélisation et identification de facteurs environnementaux géographiques liés à des risques morbides : Application aux séquelles développées après le traitement d'une leucémie : Cohorte LEA." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2026/document.
Full textThis thesis is an interdisciplinary approach combining Geography, Epidemiology and Statistics. It is a methodological thesis applying to a public health issue. The concept consist in developing a dialectical adapted to the geographic health and proposing or transposing probabilistic methods, geostatistical and datamining instruments, to model and to identify geographic environmental factors related to morbid risks. In this research the environment is considered in its integrity. It is described by spatiotemporal indicators: physicochemical, health and socioeconomic. The geographical environment of the individual and medical characteristics of targeted populations is also taken into account. Heuristic proposals aim to identify environmental health determinants, or contributing risk factors. The methods have been implemented or adapted to the issue. They are applicable and reproducible in all diseases studied in Geographic Health. In order, to illustrate these proposals, they are applied to squeals observed following the treatment of childhood leukemia - Cohort LEA. In developed countries, access to effective treatments leads to an increase of squeals incidence. Those have an impact on the quality of life. Therefore, post-cancer and children's health have positioned themselves at the core of social concerns in Europe and in France. Beyond the scientific goals, contributions in public health are expected. The idea is to provide operational space indicators to politicians in order to help them to take collective health measures. And for health professionals to be able to offer individual medical solutions, devoted to reduce the risk of exposure to environmental factors of the populations due to their geographical location. In consequence, to improve access to a good environmental health
Leprêtre, Pascal. "Principe de précaution et droit sanitaire : cas français." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131028.
Full textIn termes of the french law of 2 february 1995, the precautionary principle is that "according to wether the absence of certainty, considering technical and scientific knowledge of the moment, does not have to delay the effective and proportioned measure adoption, aiming to warn a serious and irreversible damage risk to the environment, to an economically acceptable cost". The thesis has for object to evaluate in the sector of the health, modes of application and the function of the principle of precaution, especially in its reports with the right of the health and more generally with the sanitary democracy. Become judicial principle of constitutional value, it contributes to delimit a new field of the right of the responsibility. The thesis tends to justify that the principal of precaution addresses to the collective and individual mastery of risks. Making this, this new forms responsibility will have to possess a conceived particular regime on the basis of a prejudice and causality risk, and will make place to a new makes justificatory, the social risk acceptability
Fuentes, Belgrave Laura. "L'autonomie reproductive au Costa Rica et au Nicaragua : un talon d’Achille dans le processus de laïcisation." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0008.
Full textHow to explain the continued restrictions on women's reproductive autonomy which prevails in Costa Rica and Nicaragua? To answer this question, which remains more than ever, this thesis interrogates the consequences of the influence of the Catholic Church on the establishment of symbolic boundaries inside of which were built the Nations-States of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The maintenance until today of the elective affinity between political and religious authorities has hampered attempts to secularization of these countries: each crossed threshold of secularization was succeeded by a threshold of confessionalization which has taken issue extensively for women's rights. If these rights are ultimately passed from religious control to state control, the secularization process remains incomplete, preventing the emergence of a recognized status of women's freedom to dispose of themselves. States take possession of Christian morality to confiscate their body, even if Nicaragua became secular while Costa Rica remains confessional. This lawlessness is reinforced by the appearance and rapid growth of Evangelical Churches that are supporting the Catholic Church in the political arena with the electoral participation of Pentecostals parties. These religious communities find a common goal about the defense of the "right to life of the unborn" with the emergence of sexual and reproductive rights. They join forces to fight against the access to therapeutic abortion, morning-after pill and in vitro fertilization. This alliance is bearing fruit: therapeutic abortion in Nicaragua is prohibited while the morning-after pill and in vitro fertilization are condemned in Costa Rica
Pourraz, Jessica. "Réguler et produire les médicaments contre le paludisme au Ghana et au Bénin : une affaire d’Etat ? Politiques pharmaceutiques, normes de qualité et marchés de médicaments." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0014.
Full textDespite the fact that Benin and Ghana are facing the same public health challenges with regards to malaria control, they do not deploy the same kind of drug policies to guarantee access to quality and affordable medicines for the population. Their national drug regulation authorities and local production capacities are different. These differences stem from their colonial heritage and their divergent historical, political and economic paths. Since 2004, Benin and Ghana have adopted Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) to replace the old pharmaceuticals deemed ineffective for the treatment of malaria. The challenge for the two countries is the high cost of these new drugs. The WHO guidelines and international funding for the purchase of ACTs are stimulating pharmaceutical innovation and production in Europe, North America and Asia. In Benin and Ghana, an arena of transnational actors is gradually being set up to supply ACTs. They generate new supply networks that compete with existing ones in the two countries. Financial aid is conditional on the purchase of WHO prequalified ACTs, certification that the Ghanaian pharmaceutical industries do not enjoy, leaving them on the sidelines of this market. Faced with the demands and conditions imposed by transnational actors, countries have little room for maneuver in the conduct of their public policies. Based on archives, interviews and ethnographic surveys carried out with national actors in pharmaceutical regulation, Ghanaian pharmaceutical companies and transnational actors financing ACTs, this work investigates the institutional mechanisms on which the states of Benin and Ghana rely to deploy their national drug policy and build their pharmaceutical sovereignty
Nkwenkeu, Sylvain F. "Evaluation des politiques publiques de santé : une analyse économique appliquée au Cameroun." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENE006/document.
Full textIn Cameroon, the sequence of reforms in the health sector has reinforced an ideological wavering between two opposing currents: a socio-universal that promotes equity, and a neoliberal, which militates for greater economic efficiency of existing systems. Articulating two concerns which are, the worsening of health inequalities as consequence of policy choices made on the efficacy of services without taking into account factors that support the demand, and the form of organization of the health system arising from an imperfect translation of major international principles, this thesis aims to contributing to a critical reflection on the process, the implementation and the results produced by these health policies. To determine Cameroonian specificity, we inscribe them in a triple theoretical field. The neo-institutionalist approach, mobilize to grasp the importance of the economic history and its influence on the evolution of the health system, which allows understanding the conditions for policy change. The “referentials” approach to policy analysis in order to apprehend the foundations of the new public policy, including the understanding of how interests and ideas are formatted by institutions. An effort to illuminate the policy game is undertaken to appraise the mediation of political entrepreneurs, thereby testing empirically the “top-down hypothesis”. Finally, the theories of justice help to argue for the existence of an imbalance between health supply and demand which undermines health outcomes, and reinforces the conflict efficacy versus equity. Indeed, our work aims to provide some answers to three main questions: (i) Why (triggers) and how (dynamic) health public policies are influenced in their construction and implementation by economic policies? (ii) What are the outcomes of induced changes by the global referential (macroeconomic framework) on sectoral referential that requires a more equitable distribution and access to health services? (iii) What lessons can we learn from the knowledge of the interrelationships between the dynamics of poverty reduction and the persistence of inaccessibility to health care in order to improve the evaluation of public policies? From a number of quantitative and qualitative indicators, the robustness of the new policy is questioned following prospects regarding health distribution and accessibility. Therefore, we emphasize the difficulty of the public policy to achieve satisfactory results both in terms of efficacy or equity due to the institutional and organizational system in which it is designed and implemented. Three epistemic communities acting on a nonstructural basis are identified and analyzed through a robust qualitative material that enables us to grasp the existence of a paradigmatic conflict emerged from how different groups are positioning themselves and interpret reality in order to put in coherence the sectorial referential and the global market-based one which appears to be rather spontaneous and mandatory. Statistical and econometric works to measure more precisely the inequalities and determinants of access and use of health services by the population supports the idea of a widening of inequalities by the health policies maintained by strong regressive mechanisms. The analysis of the determinants of occurrence of catastrophic health expenditures also confirms this. We mobilize thereafter an additional material to assess the allocative efficiency and efficacy of public spending on health as well as their impact on the use of services and benefits revealed from their use
Del, Re Alisa. "Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente : Etat et rapports sociaux de sexe." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080745.
Full textSome laws brought into force in france in the thirties were designed to establish guarantees regarding reproduction (social insurances, family allowances, 1936 laws, code de la famille). The state penetrated the daily life of the urban working class to ensure that reproduction followed a certain pattern. This system of control called for investment in women, a social subject wich became a political subject because of its historically determined link with reproduction
Dourgnon, Paul. "Evaluation des politiques publiques et inégalités sociales d'accès aux services de santé." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912417.
Full textCamiolo, Marc. "Production et reproduction d'une culture du risque : le cas de l'éducation routière." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985288.
Full textBertier, Gabrielle. "Implémentation clinique du séquençage de nouvelle génération en France et au Québec : une analyse multidisciplinaire des implications pour les politiques publiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30166.
Full textThe decreasing cost of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has resulted in their increased use in research, and in the clinical context. Indeed, the correct interpretation of a human genome can enable better prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. Significant public investments in NGS have been made in various developed nations to realise the promise of personalized medicine. Yet, today the sequencing and analysis of a patient’s exome or genome is only offered as a clinical test in a limited number of clinics around the world. France and Quebec have made sizable investments in genomics research, and France announced the launch of a genomic medicine plan in 2016. However, policy decisions still have to be made on the nation-wide clinical implementation of NGS technologies in both jurisdictions. Therefore, this project’s objective was to contribute to the body of evidence available to policymakers in France and Quebec on the clinical implementation of NGS technologies. We focused our attention on two specific NGS technologies, namely Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), and Whole Exome Sequencing (WES). We specifically aimed to assess if the responsible and efficient use of WES/WGS data in the context of clinical care could be impeded by policy gaps. Currently, the clinical interpretation of a patient’s genome sequence data is done through the intervention of many stakeholders including basic science researchers. These researchers use bioinformatics tools, processes and norms developed for research to filter and analyse patients NGS data. In parallel, existing regulatory and normative frameworks have been developed for the use of genetic data, and include no clear definition of genomic data or genomic technologies. We hypothesised that these elements create a strong need for standardization of practices, and may require adaptations of current regulatory and normative frameworks to the context of NGS. We therefore aimed to answer three research questions: (1) What issues do technology users experience and foresee when using WES data to inform patient care? To answer this, we performed a systematic review of the literature. (2) How are patients’ NGS data currently managed (produced, analysed, interpreted and shared) in clinical institutions in Quebec and in France? We answered this by performing a case studies analysis, interrogating key stakeholders directly involved in managing patients’ NGS data in France and Quebec. (3) Are there gaps in the current regulatory and normative frameworks which should be addressed to enable a responsible and efficient standardized use of NGS data in the clinic? [...]
Roussary, Aurélie. "Vers une recomposition de la gouvernance de la qualité de l'eau potable en France : de la conformité sanitaire à l'exigence de qualité environnementale." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00494624.
Full textLapierre, Vincent. "L'accès à la santé dans un cadre de pauvreté extrême : le cas de la Colombie et du Vénézuela." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870575.
Full textGreco, Cinzia. "La reconstruction du sein en cancérologie et en chirurgie esthétique : une analyse sociologique comparée." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0052.
Full textAbout 30% of the women touched by breast cancer need to undergo a mastectomy, that is, a complete ablation of the breast. The mastectomy can be followed by a reconstructive surgery. The latter shares several characteristics with the cosmetic surgery of the breast: many surgeons perform the two kinds of operations, often using the same surgical techniques, and present them as a way to make a body conform to the hegemonic canons of beauty. What place does post-mastectomy reconstruction have in the therapeutic trajectories of breast cancer patients? What are the difficulties met by women undergoing reconstruction? What do they expect when undergoing the operation? And what about those who deck to live in an asymmetric body or without breasts? This thesis tries to answer these questions by offering a double comparative approach. On the one hand, reconstructive surgery is compared with aesthetic surgery; on the other, the work draws upon fieldwork conducted in France and in Italy, during which I conducted 119 interviews with patients and media professionals and several episodes of participant observation. The thesis is divided into 7 chapters, plus introduction and conclusion. Chapter 2 introduces readers the French and Italian health system contexts in which the practices analyzed are located. Chapter 3 explores how conservative surgery and mastectomy differentiate the experience of the disease. Chapter 4 explores the role of the different surgical techniques, whereas Chapter 5 and 6 examine the similarities between reconstructive surgery and aesthetic surgery. If part of the medical establishment tries to strengthen the links between reconstructive and aesthetic surgery to legitimize their work ii both the branches, patients' view of the practice is shaped by a different set of needs. Patients' main aim is a body in whicl they can feel comfortable and that can allow them to live a life as close as possible to their pre-diagnosis one. Moreover, they are conscious that this can be achieved even by an aesthetically imperfect surgical result. Chapter 7 investigates the economic issues linked to breast reconstruction: in France many women are denied state-covered reconstruction despite being entitled to it at least in principle; in addition, the 2010 scandal surrounding PIP adulterated breast implants demonstrates how too often profit comes before women's health. Chapter 8 focuses on women who did not undergo breas reconstruction and live in an asymmetric body, highlighting how the concept of reconstruction goes beyond surgical practice and includes the acceptance of a different body as well as of a different life, modified by the experience of illness
Panidi, Ksenia. "Essays to the application of behavioral economic concepts to the analysis of health behavior." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209674.
Full textUnderstanding psychological factors behind the reluctance to use preventive testing is a significant step towards a more efficient health care policy. Some people visit doctors very rarely because of a fear to receive negative results of medical inspection, others prefer to resort to medical services in order to prevent any diseases. Recent research in the field of Behavioral Economics suggests that human's preferences may be significantly influenced by the choice of a reference point. In the first chapter I study the link between loss aversion and the frequently observed tendency to avoid useful but negative information (the ostrich effect) in the context of preventive health care choices. I consider a model with reference-dependent utility that allows to characterize how people choose their health care strategy, namely, the frequency of preventive checkups. In this model an individual lives for two periods and faces a trade-off. She makes a choice between delaying testing until the second period with the risk of a more costly treatment in the future, or learning a possibly unpleasant diagnosis today, that implies an emotional loss but prevents an illness from further development. The model shows that high loss aversion decreases the frequency of preventive testing due to the fear of a bad diagnosis. Moreover, I show that under certain conditions increasing risk of illness discourages testing.
In the second chapter I provide empirical support for the model predictions. I use a questionnaire study of a representative sample of the Dutch population to measure variables such as loss aversion, testing frequency and subjective risk. I consider the undiagnosed non-symptomatic population and concentrate on medical tests for four illnesses that include hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease and cancer. To measure loss aversion I employ a sequence of lottery questions formulated in terms of gains and losses of life years with respect to the current subjective life expectancy. To relate this measure of loss aversion to the testing frequency I use a two-part modeling approach. This approach distinguishes between the likelihood of participation in testing and the frequency of tests for those who decided to participate. The main findings confirm that loss aversion, as measured by lottery choices in terms of life expectancy, is significantly and negatively associated with the decision to participate in preventive testing for hypertension, diabetes and lung disease. Higher loss aversion also leads to lower frequency of self-tests for cancer among women. The effect is more pronounced in magnitude for people with higher subjective risk of illness.
In the third chapter I explore the phenomena of crowding-out and crowding-in of motivation to exercise self-control. Various health care choices, such as keeping a diet, reducing sugar consumption (e.g. in case of diabetes) or abstaining from smoking, require costly self-control efforts. I study the long-run and short-run influence of external and self-rewards offered to stimulate self-control. In particular, I develop a theoretical model based on the combination of the dual-self approach to the analysis of the time-inconsistency problem with the principal-agent framework. I show that the psychological property of disappointment aversion (represented as loss aversion with respect to the expected outcome) helps to explain the differences in the effects of rewards when a person does not perfectly know her self-control costs. The model is based on two main assumptions. First, a person learns her abstention costs only if she exerts effort. Second, observing high abstention costs brings disutility due to disappointment (loss) aversion. The model shows that in the absence of external reward an individual will exercise self-control only when her confidence in successful abstention is high enough. However, observing high abstention costs will discourage the individual from exerting effort in the second period, i.e. will lead to the crowding-out of motivation. On the contrary, choosing zero effort in period 1 does not reveal the self-control costs. Hence, this preserves the person's self-confidence helping her to abstain in the second period. Such crowding-in of motivation is observed for the intermediate level of self-confidence. I compare this situation to the case when an external reward is offered in the first period. The model shows that given a sufficiently low self-confidence external reward may lead to abstention in both periods. At the same time, without it a person would not abstain in any period. However, for an intermediate self-confidence, external reward may lead to the crowding-out of motivation. For the same level of self-confidence, the absence of such reward may cause crowding-in. Overall, the model generates testable predictions and helps to explain contradictory empirical findings on the motivational effects of different types of rewards.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Abdalla, Khaled. "Le potentiel de développement durable du tourisme de santé en Libye : son influence sur l'attraction des touristes européens : étude en géographie touristique." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH010/document.
Full textThis study focuses on sustainable development potential in the health tourism industry in Libya. It attempts to explain the difference between medical tourism and health tourism, for which the country’s natural and human resources are a veritable wealth. Our research begins with the realisation that health tourism in Libya may contribute to the economic development of the country and participate in long-term sustainable development inasmuch as it has fewer negative effects on the environment and the population. Indeed, for the last 54 years the Libyan economy has been dependent on oil. For this reason and others, we believe that sustainable development in the health tourism field is one of the important alternatives available to diversify financial resources in the short and medium terms and for a progressive long-term replacement of petroleum resources as a source of it come for the country. The challenge in our research is found in three axes: ecological, economic and social. Our objective is to identify the country’s natural and human resources so as to sustainably develop health tourism in such a way that it is not only economically profitable, but that its ecological impact remains within tolerable limits. Development must take place with reciprocal respect between the tourist and the host society and not in contradiction with Libyan society. Our research is also aimed at lifting the veil from the obstacles which confront tourism in Libya today and to draw the attention of Libyan authorities to the country’s touristic resources and to the means necessary to exploit them. Finally, we hope to enrich the French language bibliographic corpus on this subject as few geographical studies are available in French pertaining to Libya in general, and pertaining to health tourism in Libya in particular. To examine this area of problems, we ask six questions : - Does Libya dispose of sufficient touristic resources? - Does the country have sufficient resources for health tourism? - What indicates that Europeans are looking for treatment via natural methods? - What do they hope to find in Libya? - To what extent would visitors from the European Union accept the conditions imposed by Libyan society? - Is the Libyan state sufficiently credible in its quest to develop tourism? The objective of our study is to identify the components of tourism and of health tourism in Libya. In order to meet this challenge, we propose a methodology that includes two approaches, deductive and inductive. The first allowed us to establish relationships between different variables and to use them in the study of certain observations. With the second approach, we generalised our findings and applied them to the five countries of our research sampling: France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, an approach that could be applied to the rest of the European Union. Now, at the end of this investigation, the preliminary results obtained so far are being finalised and appear to be satisfactory with respect to the initial area of study. Indeed, our research could be the first of its kind in Libya. The existence of a touristic potential based on natural resources and the importance of sustainable development in Libya constitute the primary elements of this research. The seriousness of Libya in its development of tourism is yet another parameter that could be just as promising
Chehih-Ramdani, Fatma. "La position américaine lors des conférences onusiennes sur les femmes : 1975-1995." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030062.
Full textUsing the four United Nations conferences organized between 1975 and 1995, the purpose of this dissertation is to analyse US and UN relations from a population and development perspective, and more specifically women’s issues. At the intersection of domestic policy and foreign policy, this study covers an interesting period. In the national arena, the time frame opposes the feminist movement and the Christian Right. The Equal Right Amendment vote by the Congress and the legalisation of abortion helped the feminist movement to change the social order and thus galvanized the Christian Right, making them determined to impose their values. In the international arena, the G77 new political authority challenged American supremacy. The feminist organizations then used the United Nations as an alternative claim arena and progressively succeeded in imposing their agenda. By focusing on the evolution of the specific role American feminist organizations played in the framing of the “reproductive right” concept at the core of the population discourse in the United Nations, this empirical study sheds some light on both American democracy at work at the United Nations and its broader social dimension. This new paradigm in the population discourse illustrates how civil society has become an important component in international policy framing
Nollet, Jérémie. "Des décisions publiques « médiatiques » ? : sociologie de l’emprise du journalisme sur les politiques de sécurité sanitaire des aliments." Thesis, Lille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL20013/document.
Full textAre public policies made by the media? This would-be influence of journalists over public decisions is common place among “decision-makers”. It is also assumed by Agenda-setting as well as social problems theorists. Yet, the real nature of the phenomenon is more complex: it follows different paths along several directions. It rests on the active and variable engagement of the politicians and high civil servants who produce decisions. Thus, the question needs to be rephrased: to what extent does the production of public decisions depend on the journalistic field? In order to elucidate this question, this doctoral thesis offers a sociological analysis of the specific logics which lead decision-makers (i.e. ministers’ personal staff, and representatives aswell as high civil servants,) to pay attention to media coverage in decision-making processes. The elaboration of this theoretical framework, at the crossroads of the sociologies of journalism and public action, is based on ananalysis of the handling of the mad cow disease by French officials during the 1990s. The ambition is to account for the very attention the holders of the executive power (namely, the Ministers of Agriculture, Consumption,Health, but also the Prime Minister and the President), the members of Parliament and high civil servants paid to media-related challenges within the practice of decision-making. Thus, it appears that the most “media dependent”decisions are the result of the handling of the most symbolic issues according to the logics of action of the most dependent agents on legitimization stakes in the journalistic field: the principal ministers and their advisers