Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sans marqueurs'
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Calais-Desserée, Elodie. "Analyse de la marche humaine sans marqueurs." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOMU02.
Full textChaumeil, Anaïs. "Evaluation et développement de méthodes d'analyse du mouvement sans marqueurs à partir de vidéos." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10209.
Full textVideo-based markerless motion capture has benefitted, in the last few years, from the development of automatic point estimation methods, which are based on deep learning techniques. For motion analysis in biomechanics, these methods have numerous advantages, such as the possibility to analyse the movement without participant-worn equipment or outside of the laboratory. The goal of this thesis is thus to contribute to the evaluation and development of video-based markerless motion capture methods for applications in biomechanics. First, an existing video-based markerless motion capture method is evaluated for movements and kinematic parameters, rarely studied in the literature. Then, 2D keypoints estimated by automatic point estimation methods are characterized, and the influence of these characteristics on 3D point reconstruction is studied. Finally, a method using whole confidence heatmaps – which are obtained using automatic point estimation methods – to compute 3D kinematics is proposed and evaluated
Fromont-Hankard, Gaëlle. "Marqueurs tissulaires phénotypiques et moléculaires associés à la progression du cancer prostatique." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077140.
Full textA better knowledge of both the mechanisms underlying prostate cancer progression and the factors predictive of evolution is a key issue for the management of patients follow-up and treatment. We first tried to improve the analysis of commonly used histopronostic factors. We evaluated the impact of the positive surgical margin size after prostatectomy, and showed that the margin size is predictive of the incidence of residual tumor, therefore representing an additional phenotypic marker for the risk of progression. We then analyzed potentiel prognostic factors among the genomic alterations and gene expression dysregulations associated with prostate cancer progression. The incidence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 6 chromosomal regions of interest was determined in relation with histoprognostic factors and evolution. We observed that l)the overall rate of LOH increased with cancer progression, 2)LOH at 8p22 is specifiquely associated with perineural invasion, suggesting the presence on this region of a gene involved in epithelium/nerve interaction. At the end, 3)LOH at 16q23. 2 is associated with favorable histopronostic factors, and constitute an independant marker of good prognosis, suggesting that this chromosomal region may contain a gene involved in tumor progression. The expression of 300 genes was analyzed by quantitative RTPCR. We observed a differential gene expression between normal prostate tissue, prostate cancer, and benign proliferative disorders. A specific gene expression profile was also identified in advanced hormone-refractory cancers whe compared to localized tumors, which prompt to study the predictive and therapeutic value of these dysregulated gene
Stirnemann, Jérôme. "Maladie de gaucher : épidémiologie et modélisation de l'évolution des marqueurs biologiques et cliniques avec et sans traitement." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077051.
Full textGaucher disease (GD) is a rare genetic lysosmal disorder, which may be complicated by bone events [BE] (avascular necrosis, bone infarct, pathological fracture). Some biomarkers are modified (increased chitotriosidase, angiotensin converting enzyme, ferritin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and decreased platelets levels). GD has available specific treatments. An analysis of 62 patients showed that BE occurred before and during treatment; biomarkers have been modeled (using mixed models) and the impact of slope and values at treatment onset were tested on BE. A particular interest has been focused on the ferritin, showing that other iron parameters remained normal (in 72 patients) and describing glycosylated ferritin in 25 patients with GD (decreased) for the first time. Characteristics of two specific complications have been described: the characteristics of 10 patients with Parkinson's disease (and 49 patients in other publications); BE incidence in 42 children with GD was analyzed (6 had BE at diagnosis and 32 during follow-up). We developed and labeled the French GD Registry in 2009. Epidemiological analysis of ail cases of GD in France identified 562 patients registered, including 378 with follow-up (90 deaths, 46 monoclonal gammopathy) and 283 with current follow-up. BE occurred before (130 BE in 67 patients), but also during treatment (60 BE in 41 patients) with respective frequencies (95% CI) of 20. 3% (14. 1% - 26. 5%) and 19. 8% (13. 5% - 26. 1%) at 10 years, respectively. These studies should continue with use of biomarkers modeling on patient registry to try predict BE
Ajam, Marwan. "Évaluation de l'énergie métabolisable et de la digestibilité de l'azote chez le coq : comparaison des bilans avec ou sans marqueur : influence de la présence des caecums." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT003A.
Full textMatter, Sophie. "Reconnaissance d'émotions évoquées par les visages et la musique, en association avec ses marqueurs somatiques, chez les personnes âgées sans trouble cognitif." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/186.
Full textCampeotto, Florence. "Coprologie du nouveau-né prématuré : étude des marqueurs inflammatoires, du microbiote intestinal et de sa modulation par un lait fermenté sans bactéries vivantes." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P646.
Full textDue to the intestinal immaturity and to the delayed gut microbiota implantation, premature neonates are exposed to intestinal complications such as enteropathy or necrotizing enterocolitis with high morbidity and mortality. We focused our research on the preterm gut, developing the coprology analyses of the premature neonate in order to be the least invasive. We showed that faecal calprotectin is physiologically high in this population and defined cut-off values for the development of intestinal diseases according to their severity. We confirmed a delayed colonization of the normal microbiota and we showed that a threshold birth age of 33 weeks of gestation is a condition for colonization by bifidobacteria. For the first time we have tested a fermented preterm formula without live bacteria. This formula is safe and well tolerated and seems to reduce both abdominal distension and inflammation of the intestinal mucosa
Garbati, Marco. "Contribution au développement d’un lecteur RFID sans puce basé sur l’approche ultra large bande impulsionnelle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT034/document.
Full textThe RFID technology is in full development, and is intended to substitute barcode in the next future. Between all the RFID families, the UWB chipless RFID technology is a major topic nowadays. With this thesis we focus on development of UWB chipless RFID readers, based on IR-UWB approach.The international regulations that limit the UWB emission are taken into consideration, and two reader prototypes developed. The first was as a concept car, and therefore used as proof of concept. The second version represents a full optimized reader in all the key aspects. Between them, the reading precision, through sampling noise reduction, the reading time, and cost effectiveness. As part of reader development, a low noise and low cost UWB pulse generator prototype was realized, along with UWB antennas, and RF front-end boards. As prospective, a reading technique based on polarization diversity is shown, with the aim of reading cross-polarized tags independently from their orientation. This approach is valuable because does not give any constraint at the tag design level
He, Lijie. "Elaboration et évaluation d'une nouvelle hétérostructure Ag°/TIO2 destinée à la détection par effet SERS sans marquage d'ADN." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENI004/document.
Full textSERS substrates, elaborated through a simple and low-cost procedure, have been studied forthe label-free detection of DNA in the view of applications in the medical diagnostic field. A chemicallyassisted photocatalytic reduction protocol leading to an Ag°/TiO2 heterostructure has been optimized.We have shown how the use of an encapsulating agent and a nucleation-growth procedure enable tocontrol the formation and aggregation of Ag° NPs at the surface of TiO2 thin films. The controlledaggregation of NPs leads to hot points inducing a very strong amplification of the SERS effect.Performances of the SERS substrate have first been evaluated through the Raman detection of the R6Gmodel molecule. Thorough studies dealing with the detection of polybases derived from the fournucleobases constituting the DNA structure, adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, have then beenconducted. The detection potential of the Ag°/TiO2 heterostructure enabled a nearly exhaustiveindexation of the Raman bands for the four studied polybases, modified or not with NH2 groups, and todiscuss on binding, orientation, and ordering effects of the DNA molecules on the SERS substrate.Complementary studies finally enabled us to confirm the potential of our heterostructure by providingdifferent insights on the polybase hybridization and the association of different polybases on a sameSERS substrate
Liamini, Redouane. "Nouveau concept de fluoroscopie virtuelle." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1460.
Full textTran, Viet Dung. "Reconstruction et segmentation d'image 3D de tomographie électronique par approche "problème inverse"." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056695.
Full textZendjebil, Imane. "Localisation 3D basée sur une approche de suppléance multi-capteurs pour la Réalité Augmentée Mobile en Milieu Extérieur." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tell-00541366.
Full textMarzani, Franck. "Contribution à l'analyse et au suivi du mouvement humain sans marqueur." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS008.
Full textCrehange, Gilles. "Evaluation de la spectroscopie du proton par RMN à 3 Tesla sans antenne endorectale chez les patients présentant un cancer de prostate localisé traité par radiothérapie exclusive." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS097/document.
Full textProstate cancer is the most frequent tumour affecting the male population. When the prostate is not removed and is treated with radiation therapy, PSA slowly decreases over time to reach its nadir, even sometimes 18 to 24 months after the completion of radiation therapy without combined androgen suppression therapy. When combined with hormones, PSA falls abruptely with no possibility to perceive the impact of either hormones or radiation effects on PSA.The optimal value of PSA that should be reached after radiation therapy (nadir) and time to this nadir are still unclear.Even when a satisfactory value of the PSA nadir is reached, on-going variations of the PSA and its “bounce” effects, which occurs in 20% to 40% of the cases.Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows one to assess the relative concentration of Choline and Citrate. Choline is a metabolite of whose concentration is often increased in the presence of a tumour, whereas the synthesis and the oxidation of Citrate are two decisive elements of the normal metabolism, functional abilities, growth, reproduction and survival of prostatic cells. This MR technique can be performed in combination with diffusion-weighted MRI and DCE-MRI (multiparametric MRI).The goal of our study was to evaluate the feasibility of a 3D CSI proton MR spectroscopy of the entire prostate gland at 3.0 Tesla without an endorectal coil among patients with a localised prostate cancer treated with radiation therapy, with or without hormones. We first have classified spectra in a 5-point scale (from benign : class I, to malign : class V) based on a control group with radical prostatectomy as the standard of reference. This classification enabled us to establish a strong correlation between malignant spectra or the metabolic tumor volume and clinically validated prognostic factors.In parallel, a prospective clinical trial of which the aim is to Evaluate the Response to Irradiation with proton MR Spectroscopy (ERIS trial) has been set up to follow patients with serial multiparametric MRI over 2 years after radiation therapy. Sextant-biopsies of the prostate were performed at 6 months and 12 months. Preliminary results after one year of follow-up showed a correlation between the Choline value measured in the whole prostate and the PSA value reached one year after radiation therapy. With a longer follow-up, we have performed a new analysis to evaluate the benefit of multiparametric MRI and the place of each sequence to evaluate the radiation response. We found a strong correlation between the PSA value observed at 1 year and the Choline and Citrate values measured as early as 3 months after the completion of radiotherapy, whereas ADC value from diffusion-weighted MRI and the slope of the contrast uptake from DCE-MRI, were not correlated with PSA. All our results confirm that the Choline concentration seems to be a more relevant biomarker to predict an early radiation response. The decrease of the Citrate metabolism could become a new biomarker of individual radiosensitivity among patients with a localized prostate cancer
Rancourt, Caroline. "Validation de marqueurs génétiques de la prééclampsie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23335/23335.pdf.
Full textPreeclampsia, a common pregnancy complication, is the leading cause of maternal death in Canada. Normal pregnancy is associated with a physiologic increase in coagulation activities. In preeclamptic women, this change is further exaggerated and may lead to thrombotic complications. We attempted to validate published associations with SNPs in genes for coagulation factors II, V and VII in a large sample of French-Canadian pregnant nulliparous women (307 cases were matched with two controls for BMI and maternal age). All genotypes were obtained by a PCR-ASO method combined to a fluorimetric detection. Power was 80 % (α = 0,05) to detect association if differences between rare allele frequencies had been superior to 3 % between groups. We observed no such difference. Genotypes distribution followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all SNPs studied. Thus, our results do not support a role for those SNPs in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia in the French Canadian population.
Garcia, del Rio Diego Fernando. "Studying protein complexes for assessing the function of ghost proteins (Ghost in the Cell)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS115.pdf.
Full textOvarian cancer (OvCa) has the highest mortality rate among female reproductive cancers worldwide. OvCa is often referred to as a stealth killer because it is commonly diagnosed late or misdiagnosed. Once diagnosed, OvCa treatment options include surgery or chemotherapy. However, chemotherapy resistance is a significant obstacle. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new targets and develop novel therapeutic strategies to overcome therapy resistance.In this context the ghost proteome is a potentially rich source of biomarkers. The ghost proteome, also known as the alternative proteome, consists of proteins translated from alternative open reading frames (AltORFs). These AltORFs originate from different start codons within mRNA molecules, such as the coding DNA sequence (CDS) in frameshifts (+1, +2), the 5'-UTR, 3'-UTR, and possible translation products from non-coding RNAs (ncRNA).Studies on alternative proteins (AltProts) are often limited due to their case-by-case occurrence and complexity. Obtaining functional protein information for AltProts requires complex and costly biomolecular studies. However, their functions can be inferred by profiling their interaction partners, known as "guilty by association" approaches. Indeed, assessing AltProts' protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with reference proteins (RefProts) can help identify their function and set them as research targets. Since there is a lack of antibodies against AltProts, crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) is an appropriate tool for this task. Additionally, bioinformatic tools that link protein functional information through networks and gene ontology (GO) analysis are also powerful. These tools enable the visualization of signaling pathways and the grouping of RefProts based on their biological process, molecular function, or cellular localization, thus enhancing our understanding of cellular mechanisms.In this work, we developed a methodology that combines XL-MS and subcellular fractionation. The key step of subcellular fractionation allowed us to reduce the complexity of the samples analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To assess the validity of crosslinked interactions, we performed molecular modeling of the 3D structures of the AltProts, followed by docking studies and measurement of the corresponding crosslink distances. Network analysis indicated potential roles for AltProts in biological functions and processes. The advantages of this workflow include non-targeted AltProt identification and subcellular identification.Additionally, a proteogenomic analysis was performed to investigate the proteomes of two ovarian cancer cell lines (PEO-4 and SKOV-3 cells) in comparison to a normal ovarian epithelial cell line (T1074 cell). Using RNA-seq data, customized protein databases for each cell line were generated. Differential expression of several proteins, including AltProts, was identified between the cancer and normal cell lines. The expression of some RefProts and their transcripts were associated with cancer-related pathways. Moreover, the XL-MS methodology described above was used to identify PPIs in the cancerous cell lines.This work highlights the significant potential of proteogenomics in uncovering new aspects of ovarian cancer biology. It enables us to identify previously unknown proteins and variants that may have functional significance. The use of customized protein databases and the crosslinking approach have shed light on the "ghost proteome," an area that has remained unexplored until now
Muller, Leslie. "Développements de méthodes de préparation d’échantillons pour l’analyse protéomique quantitative : application à la recherche de biomarqueurs de pathologies." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAF067/document.
Full textLabel-free quantitative proteomics strategies are very attractive for diseases biomarkers researches. These approaches require the full control and the repeatability of the analytical workflow. In particular, the sample preparation has to be repeatable enough to ensure the quality and reliability of the results. Objectives of this work were to optimize and develop analytical methods for quantitative proteomics, with a special focus on the sample preparation step. Thus, an innovative, easy and fast protocol allowing the analysis of high sample numbers with high repeatability was developed and further optimized: the “Tube-Gel” protocol. Besides,sample preparations adapted to a variety of biological matrices were developed for the search of biomarkers. The developed methods and their application allowed the identification of potential biomarkers for a variety of diseases: glioblastoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and renal transplants failures
Begueret, Hugues. "Mise au point et application d'un test de détection de cellules exprimant des marqueurs neuroendocrines dans le sang de 36 patients atteints de carcinomes neuroendocrines pulmonaires." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR23059.
Full textGohard, Philippe-Antoine. "De la réalité augmentée sans marqueur pour l'aménagement d'intérieur à la réalité diminuée sur plateforme mobile." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30344.
Full textAugmented reality in computer vision means the systems allowing inlay/incrustation of virtual objects inside a sequence of images in real time. Applications of this technology are multiple and affect more and more field, but the massive spread of mobile phone equipped with camera allowed the deployment of first public services exploiting Augmented Reality. The context of this thesis frames the use of these systems on mobile phone for the fitting of virtual furniture in an indoor environment. Augmented reality involves the location of the camera as well as a partial reconstruction of the observed scene in order to be able to arrange the piece of furniture in a manner that is physically consistent with the environment : our contributions concern first visual odometry for a rolling shutter camera, then simple methods for the 3D reconstruction of indoor environments
Michoud, Brice. "Reconstruction 3D à partir de séquences vidéo pour l'acquisition du mouvement de personnages en temps réel et sans marqueur." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603786.
Full textMichoud, Brice. "Reconstruction 3D à partir de séquences vidéo pour l’acquisition du mouvement de personnages en temps réel et sans marqueur." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10156/document.
Full textWe aim at automatically capturing 3D motion of persons without markers. To make it flexible, and to consider interactive applications, we address real-time solution, without specialized instrumentation. Real-time body estimation and shape analyze lead to home motion capture application. We begin by addressing the problem of 3D real-time reconstruction of moving objects from multiple views. Existing approaches often involve complex computation methods, making them incompatible with real-time constraints. Shape-From-Silhouette (SFS) approaches provide interesting compromise between algorithm efficiency and accuracy. They estimate 3D objects from their silhouettes in each camera. However they require constrained environments and cameras placement. The works presented in this document generalize the use of SFS approaches to uncontrolled environments. The main methods of marker-less motion capture, are based on parametric modeling of the human body. The acquisition of movement goal is to determine the parameters that provide the best correlation between the model and the 3D reconstruction.The following approaches, more robust, use natural markings of the body extremities: the skin. Coupled with a temporal Kalman filter, a registration of simple geometric objects, or an ellipsoids' decomposition, we have proposed two real-time approaches, providing a mean error of 6%. Thanks to the approach robustness, it allows the simultaneous monitoring of several people even in contacts. The results obtained open up prospects for a transfer to home applications
Martinez, Xavier. "Tracking sans marqueur de modèles physiques modulaires et articulés : vers une interface tangible pour la manipulation de simulations moléculaires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS231/document.
Full textPhysical molecular models have long been used in the structural biology and chemistry fields. Despite the emergence of numerical representations offering various and dynamic molecular visualizations to analyze the simulation results, molecular physical models are still being used. Direct manipulation and assembly of physical models ease to create and memorize a mental representation of 3D molecular structures. Interaction techniques to manipulate virtual 3D objects are not reaching the fineness and the benefits of the perceptual cues and manipulation skills of physical models. Moreover, interacting with virtual molecular representations remains a hard task because of the complexity of molecular structures, their size, their flexibility and the various data that define them. In this thesis, we address this issue by designing a molecular tangible interface combining the perks of physical and virtual representations. To match the flexibility and modularity of biomolecules to manipulate, this work met challenges in different scientific fields with the constraint to not use a tracker based system. The first step was to choose, conceive and build a physical model to handle the manifold degrees of freedom of molecules. The second step consisted in creating a numerical representation of mechanical properties of the physical model. Lastly, we needed to develop tracking methods using real-time image processing algorithms in order to control the virtual representation by coupling it to the physical one. New image processing methods have been implemented and evaluated to identify and track atoms in the image space. A Structure from Motion method was designed and adapted to reconstruct in 3D the atom positions by using a small amount of points and by including biochemical knowledge to guide the reconstruction. At last, we address the visualization of physical and dynamic virtual representations, sometimes co-localized in an Augmented Reality context. High performance visualization methods adapted to this context have been developed to enhance shape and cavity perception, two major specifics of biological molecules. For instance, ambient occlusion or sphere raycasting with dynamic shadows can augment a physical object taking the real illumination of the scene for a better insertion in an Augmented Reality context. The impact of this work targets both the education in molecular biology and the research field: the rational drug design field could benefit from the expertise of the user to optimize the design of drugs by manipulating biomolecule's numerous degrees of freedom using a tangible interface. Just like Fold'It is contributing to solve the folding problem, a similar approach could be used to solve the molecular docking problem using advanced manipulation interfaces
Marcoux, Geneviève. "Étude du potentiel inflammatoire et immunitaire des vésicules extracellulaires dérivées des plaquettes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69305.
Full textPlatelets are very abundant in the blood where they play a role in hemostasis, inflammation and immunity. Activated, platelets will undergo a change of conformation which allows the release of numerous effector molecules as well as the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are formed by the budding of the platelet and bring some of its contents, including nucleic acids, surface proteins and organelles. Heterogeneous, the diverse content of platelet EVs suggests that they can perform many functions. As part of this thesis, we first looked at the use of the SPADE algorithm coupled with flow cytometry to improve the detection of EVs and allow a better appreciation of their heterogeneity in platelet concentrates (PC) used for transfusion. We also evaluated the use of this approach for the development of biomarkers in the analysis of EVs in the synovial fluid of arthritis patients. This study revealed that the use of algorithms such as SPADE coupled with flow cytometry could facilitate the understanding of the functions of EVs and the development of their studies as biomarkers. We then looked at a first subcategory of platelet EV, those that contain mitochondria (mito+EVs). We hypothesized that these mito+EVs represent a reservoir of mitochondrial DNA, a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) recognized and present in many inflammatory conditions, and that they could be involved in transfusion reactions. We observed that mito+EVs were more abundant in PCs involved in transfusion reactions and that they correlate significantly with mitochondrial DNA. As the majority of mitochondrial DNA is encapsulated in EVs, this study suggests that EVs may be a useful biomarker for predicting the potential risk of transfusion reactions, although further investigation is needed to determine if there is a pathogenic role of mitochondrial DAMP encapsulated in EVs as opposed to mitochondrial DNA in solution. We finally focused on a second subcategory of platelet EVs, those that contain proteasome. Platelets contain an active proteasome and present antigens through the major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I), which gives them an important function in adaptive immunity. Whether the proteasome is also transferred into the v platelet EVs has never been examined. We hypothesized that a functioning machinery for the processing and presentation of the antigen is transferred to the platelet EVs. Using a combination of molecular and functional assays, we have demonstrated the presence of an active 20 S proteasome under various conditions where platelets are activated, as well as MHC I and lymphocyte coactivation molecules. Demonstrated by activation and proliferation of ovalbumin (OVA) antigen specific CD8 + T lymphocytes, EVs from platelets incubated with OVA can efficiently prepare and present antigen. These results suggest that platelet EVs contribute to adaptive immunity. Overall, we have shown that platelet EVs have a role in inflammation and immunity with their mitochondria and proteasome content. They are heterogeneous and can be used as biomarkers in different contexts.
Zhang, Qian. "Etude des corrélations entre les marqueurs de l'hôte et les marqueurs virologiques du virus de l'hépatite B en fonction de la réponse aux traitements par interféron." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077006.
Full textHepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection remains a serious global public health problem with 350 million people infected. The major aim of my thesis is to study the association between the response to treatment of interferon (IFN) and host and virolgic markers in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In the first part of our work, we have assessed the impact of IFNL3 polymorphism (rs12979860) on response to IFN in 97 patients with HBeAg positive CHB. No significant relationship was observed between IFNL3 and response to IFN therapy. The second part of our work forked on indentifying the S gene variability of patients at baseline of Pegylated interferon (PegIFN) plus tenofoviron (TDF) combination therapy in order to determine the role of HBsAg variants on response to treatment. A SVR was observed in 22% of patients and HBsAg loss in 12% patients. N-SVR patients showed more variability along the S protein. The Accumulation of residue substitutions in and around the "a" determinant at baseline should be a sensitive predictor of response to combination of PegIFN and TDF therapy in CHB patients. In vitro analysis showed less HBsAg secretion in N-SVR group accompanying with similar viral replication to wild type HBV. In conclusion, my thesis work led to a better understanding of the role of IFNL3 and HBsAg in the mechanism of response to IFN treatment. These researches aimed to optimize the use of these markers to improve the clinical management of CHB patients
Anzai, Yuki. "Quelques considérations sur l'ajustement intersubjectif et informationnel dans les dialogues spontanés : A travers l'analyse de deux marqueurs "tu vois", "tu sais" en français et de quelques marqueurs correspondants en japonais." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030162.
Full textThis thesis rests on the combination of three main areas of research : the analysis of the oral, the operation of intersubjective adjustment and the comparison of modes and modalities of this operation in French and Japanese. Through these three study plans, and by analysing extracts of spontaneous dialogue, we try to determine how utterers adjust the informational relation, on the one hand as regards their reflections on the relevance of their utterances (metadiscourse dimension), on the other as regards the level of understanding they assign to their co-utterer (intersubjective dimension). This operation enables the co-construction of a dialogue through the connecting of words to follow the partner's productions, sometimes with mutual interventions. We examine this operation between the two utterers through the types of occurrences of the two French markers "tu vois" and "tu sais", and of corresponding markers in Japanese, at morphosyntactic and intonational levels. Finally, from the interactive situations in which they appear and the linguistic phenomena around these markers, we can deduce that it is the elements which appear with the markers which contribute the adjustments necessary to communication. These markers, then, are there to "signal" to the co-utterer the necessity to conduct an adjustment operation, or for the utterer to "announce" to the co-utterer that he or she is adjusting the informational relation
Aleil, Boris. "La glycoprotéine V soluble, marqueur d'activation spécifique des plaquettes par la thrombine. : Intérêt dans les thromboses et en transfusion." Strasbourg 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13210.
Full textStoitchkov, Konstantin J. "Détection moléculaire des marqueurs biologiques de progression dans le sang périphérique des sujets atteints de mélanome : intérêt diagnostique et pronostique." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077238.
Full textWiesinger, Evelyn. "Le syntagme nominal en créole guyanais. : Une étude synchronique et diachronique du marqueur LA." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3039.
Full textDie vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich dem Element LA (< fr. là) im Guayanakreol, einer französischen Kreolsprache für die bisher kaum Untersuchungen vorliegen. Unsere Arbeit legt ein neues Korpus vor, das sich aus Texten von 1799-1893 sowie aus eigenen Sprachaufnahmen zusammensetzt. Das Hauptaugenmerk der Untersuchung liegt auf einer detaillierten synchronen und diachronen Beschreibung der Verwendungskontexte des im Guayanakreol stark polyfunktionalen LAs. Hierfür nehmen wir zunächst eine Abgrenzung zwischen LA als Adverb/Diskursmarker, LA als Teil des Demonstrativpronomens, LA am Ende von Neben- oder Fragesätzen sowie dem postnominalen Marker LA vor. Für die Analyse des postnominalen LAs entwickeln wir anschließend einen umfangreichen theoretischen Unterbau zur Nominalreferenz, wobei ein semantisch-pragmatischer und kognitiver Ansatz verfolgt wird. Die Korpusanalyse zeigt schließlich, dass das postnominale LA allenfalls als definiter Marker auf einer niedrigen Grammatikalisierungsstufe eingeordnet werden kann, dessen Auftreten durch ein komplexes Zusammenspiel semantisch-pragmatischer, ontologisch-kognitiver sowie informationell-syntaktischer Faktoren bestimmt wird. Unsere diachrone Analyse zeigt zudem, dass in unserem Korpus der Gebrauch von LA weitgehend stabil bleibt, dass aber eine gewisse graduelle Variation je nach Diskurstradition und Kommunikationsintentionen vorliegt. Die Funktionalität von LA zeugt außerdem bis heute von einer gewissen Verankerung in der Deixis und in der Nähesprache, die auch in anderen Frankokreols sowie in gesprochenen Varietäten des Französischen, wie etwa in Afrika oder Kanada, zutage tritt
Mohamed, Fauzia. "Etude multicentrique de nouveaux marqueurs tumoraux moléculaires dans les épanchements péritonéaux et le sang : analyse par PCR quantitative en temps réel." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00672144.
Full textChabbert, Elisabeth. "Marqueurs de la réaction inflammatoire au cours de la circulation extra-corporelle : étude en chirurgie cardiaque avec cardioplégie au sang chaud." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P190.
Full textOprea, Laura Montreuil Jean Artenie Vlad. "Recherche de nouveaux marqueurs de mort programmée (apoptose) dans les membranes des hématies humaines sénescentes impact en transfusion sanguine /." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1018.
Full textThèse soutenue en cotutelle. N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3930. Résumé en français. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. f. 163-187. Liste des publications et des communications.
Iltis, Isabelle. "Imagerie par résonance magnétique de perfusion myocardique in vivo chez le rat : applications au coeur sain et pathologique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20657.
Full textMyocardial blood flow is an important factor of tissue viability and function. Diffuse changes in microcirculation preceding heart failure are likely to be related to cardiomyopathies associated with pathologies such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension. For the study of these subtle defects in myocardial blood flow regulation, the development of methods allowing quantitative and non invasive perfusion assessment is of main interest. To this end, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence adapted to in vivo small animal cardiac studies (quantitative, featuring high heart rates) was implemented in the laboratory, based on the "arterial spin labeling" principle. This sequence allowed myocardial blood flow maps acquisition in in vivo rats with an excellent spatial resolution. Functional data of the left ventricle were acquired during the same experiment using cine-MRI. A first part of this thesis was dedicated to the validation of these methods on the rat heart. These techniques were then applied to the study of the effects of anesthesia and of diabetes and hypertension on cardiac physiology. We have shown that myocardial blood flow was higher under isoflurane than under pentobarbital. Optimal anesthesia conditions available in the laboratory as well as their principal effects on cardiac physiology in vivo were determined. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a non obese model of type 2 diabetes. An altered myocardial blood flow regulation was evidenced in these rats, along with a decreased ejection fraction in vivo. Effects of type 1 diabetes and/or hypertension on myocardial blood flow were also studied. A defective myocardial blood flow was observed exclusively when both pathologies were associated, whereas morphological alterations were identified in all pathological groups in absence of functional defect. In this work, an original arterial spin labeling method dedicated to small animal studies was implemented and allowed to characterize in vivo myocardial blood flow alterations in diabetic and hypertensive rat models. These models offer interesting perspectives for the study of the biological processes associated with these alterations
Hénaff, Séverine Kevorkian Jean-Philippe. "Cinétique des D-dimères au cours de la maladie thromboembolique veineuse implication dans la stratification du risque de récidive /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2006. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0243609.pdf.
Full textAjam, Marwan. "Evaluation de l'énergie métabolisable et de la digestibilité de l'azote chez le Coq comparaison des bilans avec ou sans marqueur, influence de la présence des caecums /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602161b.
Full textFest, Thierry. "Etude des marqueurs des virus B et C de l'hépatite chez une population de donneurs de sang en Guadeloupe : résultats d'un travail prospectif portant sur 2368 personnes avec recherche de facteurs de risque par analyse statistique multivariée." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA3042.
Full textOprea, Laura. "Recherche de nouveaux marqueurs de mort programmée (apoptose) dans les membranes des hématies humaines sénescentes : impact en transfusion sanguine." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Oprea.pdf.
Full textVololona, Marie Fidèle. "Urbanisme et disparités sociales à Fianarantsoa. Contribution à l'étude de l'espace urbain à Madagascar." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0025.
Full textThe urban area of Fianarantsoa, on South Central Highland of Madagascar, has been shaped in a physical space that is contrasted by a ragged relief, an altitude tropical climate, a quite abundant hydrography. Geosymbols change according to period, but those having a connotation of social disparities are omnipresent. During Malagasy Kingdom, period where that city was born (1830), its founders wanted to replicate the city of Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa has been built in accordance with altitudinal stratification as per the social hierarchy or functions. During colonisation, the new city, attributed to Europeans, is characterized by a geometric plan, airy space, while Malagasy people live in indigenous city. Currently, Fianarantsoa becomes a multifunctional city in which prevail religious buildings, rice fields, shallow farming and tanety farming; some neighborhoods with geometric plan, however deorganized ones, predominate. Geosymbols indicate predominance of christian religion, rural activities in the city, in addition social differences prevail
El, Balkhi Souleiman. "Métabolisme du cuivre et maladie de Wilson : approche bioanalytique réalisée chez les sujets sains et chez des patients atteints de la pathologie : recherche de marqueurs biologiques de suivi et de diagnostic." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05P633.
Full textWilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in which copper accumulates in tissues and leads to irreversible damages. The diagnosis of the disease is still difficult to establish and the biological markers used for therapeutic monitoring lake of sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the mechanisms of copper toxicity are still a matter of debate and the biological effects of treatments used in WD are not well understood. This study focused on the separation and the determination of copper molecules in human plasma and the possible link between these and the copper toxicity in WD. Direct and indirect ultrafiltration as well as the speciation of copper in the plasma (by HPLC-ICP-MS) were the major analytical approaches used. On the other hand, the copper toxicity mechanisms were explored by exposing HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells to high concentrations of copper. The effect of trientine, one of the chelator treatments used in WD, on the exposed cells was also studied. Our results allowed us to evaluate the interest of the determination of exchangeable copper in the diagnosis and the monitoring of WD. Additionally, the speciation studies allowed us to determine the origin of this fraction. The ultrafiltable copper demonstrated the effect of the chelator treatments on short term. Finally, copper toxicity mechanisms were explored on the exposed cells and a protective effect of trientien on these cells was observed
Denarier, Eric. "Isolement et étude de l'expression d'un gène marqueur du mégacaryocyte : le gène de la glycoprotéine plaquettaire IIb humaine." Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10158.
Full textRoche-Rajot, Hélène. "Réponses des paramètres sanguins d'un poisson marin, le loup (Dicentrarchus labrax), à l'évolution des conditions environnementales : effets des modifications de nature physique (salinité et température) et chimique (xénobiotiques)." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10069.
Full textChaouni, Samia. "Effets secondaires de la radiothérapie conventionnelle et de la protonthérapie sur les tissus sains : biomarqueurs sanguins et tissulaires The possibility of using genotoxicity, oxidative stress and inflammation blood biomarkers to predict the occurrence of late cutaneous side effects after radiotherapy Side effects of scattered versus scanned proton beamson normal tissues in total body irradiated mice: survival, genotoxicity, oxydative stress and inflammation Differential normal skin transcriptiomic response in total body irradiated mice exposed to scattered versus scanned proton beams." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC416.
Full textDespite the improvements made, conventional radiotherapy and protontherapy continue to cause toxicities in healthy tissues. We sought here to evaluate the effects of irradiation on healthy tissues through blood and tissue biomarkers in patients treated with conventional radiotherapy as well as in mouse models exposed to scattered proton beams, a technique for passive delivery of the beam, or scanned proton beams, a new technique leading to a completely different dose delivery. We were able to demonstrate differences in biological response in the blood of the most radiosensitive patients with a decrease in apoptosis, genotoxicity and antioxidant capacity and an increase in inflammation. In mouse models, irradiation by scanned proton beams generally leads to increased genotoxicity, antioxidant capacity, protein carbonylation, and inflammation. A great disparity is observed according to the tissues. The transcriptomic study (mRNA and ncRNA) of the skin highlights the pathway of keratinization which seems to be dominant after scanned proton beams. It therefore appears essential to take into account the specificity of each tissue and the mode of delivery of the proton beams. The prospects are to be able to measure the biomarkers highlighted in this work in patients treated with protontherapy and to use this knowledge to predict side effects and improve treatments by conventional radiotherapy and protontherapy
Carbonnel, Marie. "Enjeux immunologiques liés à la grossesse, à propos de deux modèles : la transplantation utérine et l’infection à SARS-CoV-2." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS521.pdf.
Full textUterine transplantation is a new treatment enabling women with uterine infertility to become pregnant. This organ transplant is unique in that its aim is to have a healthy child, and the graft is transient. Nevertheless, it requires immunosuppressive treatment like other organ transplants. The aim of my phd was to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in uterine graft rejection and the impact of immunological alterations on the maternal-fetal interface. Based on a retrospective series of cervical biopsies analyzed by RNA seq and imaging mass cytometry, I was able to identify some mechanisms, including 2 novel ones: the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures associated with chronic, humoral rejection, and granzyme B secreting macrophages associated with severe rejection and definitive alteration of the uterus, making it unfit to carry a pregnancy to term. I set up a prospective cohort (MARNI) to take a longitudinal and more precise look at these mechanisms. Based on the analysis of the first patient, I confirmed some retrospective results and highlighted two potential biomarkers of blood rejection (granzyme B and IL1β). I observed a particular immunomodulation linked to immunosuppressive therapy and pregnancy. My work showed a link between alterations in the microbiota, infection, modulation of innate immunity and rejection. In parallel, to better understand the materno-foetal interface I conducted a study on SARS-CoV-2 and pregnancy (MATERCOV). I found that in the majority of cases, the placenta barrier role was fulfilled by modulation of the innate immune cells NK and macrophages, as well as the protective role of estrogens. Abnormalities in NK cells were responsible for pathologies involving the placenta, such as fetal death in MATERCOV and preeclampsia in uterine transplantation. I have shown an immune imprinting of the newborn in MATERCOV. In uterine transplantation, this remains to be assessed, although we can already mention an alteration in the microbiota. Further work on a larger series, as well as medium- and long-term follow-up of the children, will be necessary to substantiate my hypotheses
Batxelli, Isabelle. "Recherche d'un profil protéique corrélé aux encéphalopathies spongiformes subaigües transmissibles (ESST) : analyses en spectrométrie de masse SELDI-TOF." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20127.
Full textTransmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are fatal neurodegenerative diseasesoccurring in animals and humans for which no ante-mortem diagnostic test in biological fluidsis available. In such pathologies, detection of the pathological form of the prion protein (i.e.,the causative factor) in blood is difficult. Identification of new biomarkers implicated in thepathway of prion infection is relevant. In this context, our objective was to find a proteicprofile correlated to TSEs. We used a well-known TSE model: scrapie in sheep breeding, amass spectrometry technology easy-to-use for proteic profiling: SELDI-TOF MS and abiological fluid: serum. First, experimental tools have been developed and optimized. Thesetools were evaluated for their discriminating potential of control sheep and animals with earlyor late phase scrapie using a large number of serum samples (fractionated or not). Then, usingthe SAM statistical method, potential low molecular weight biomarkers were selected. Amongthese biomarkers, a protein signature pattern was identified; it can discriminate between earlyphase scrapie and control sera (sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 90%). One of theseproteins was identified as a fragment of transthyretin and evaluated as a biomarker using aSELDI-TOF MS kinetic study of sera from scrapie infected Syrian hamsters. This biomarkerwas also confirmed by western blot analysis and ELISA quantitation. Finally, a cohort of freescrapiesheep permits to validate the diagnostic potential of the candidate biomarkers
Geffré, Anne. "Nouvelles approches de la production d'intervalles de référence de populations." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1433/.
Full textReference intervals describe the variations of biological markers and they are commonly used by clinicians to interpret test results. They are determined in healthy individuals and take into account variation factors such as age or sex. Groups of experts are regularly updating the recommendations on "how to determine reference intervals?" The aim of this work was to test the latest international recommendations using practical examples and to test new approaches by two different ways: firstly working on small reference sample groups (determining the reference interval de novo or transferring a pre-existing reference interval), and secondly working on reference sample groups that are "contaminated" by non healthy individuals' test results. An easy-to-use freeware has also been created
Péault, Bruno. "Identification et caractérisation d'antigènes marqueurs de différenciation des cellules hématopoiétiques et endothéliales de l'oiseau : utilisation de ces sondes dans l'étude de l'ontogènese des systèmes sanguin et lymphoïde." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA132015.
Full textBourdil, Sylvie. "La biologie délocalisée : applications en diabétologie, anesthésie-réanimation et cardiologie." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P050.
Full textLacombe, Jérôme. "Identification de biomarqueurs par approche protéomique : application au diagnostic des formes précoces de cancer du sein et à la réaction des tissus sains aux rayonnements ionisants." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T031.
Full textBreast cancer is a major public health problem. With 500,000 deaths every year around the world, it focuses on many efforts in the search for new therapies and for therapeutic monitoring, diagnosis or prognosis biomarkers. From a diagnostic point of view, mammography remains gold standard for breast cancer detection. However, it has many limitations, especially in women with significant breast density. The identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis or for prognosis of in situ tumors in this population at risk would be a valuable improvement in the breast cancer management. Considering treatment strategies, radiotherapy has become a major treatment against breast cancer. However, some patients can develop severe radiation-induced late side effects. Their prediction is a main challenge as clinicians will be able to identify patients at risk and develop individualized treatment. Despite all efforts, no biomarkers are validated and used in clinical routine for normal tissues outcomes after irradiation. The aim of my PhD work was to identify protein markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of early-stage breast cancers, and also for the prediction of radiation-induced severe late effects. With different proteomic approaches, I was able to identify three protein signatures: (1) a serum autoantibody signature for the diagnosis of DCIS and node negative early-stage breast cancers (GAL3, RACK1, PAK2, and PHB2 RUVBL1), (2) a serum autoantibody signature of ductal carcinoma in situ progression to invasive breast cancer (CIRBP, ECHDC1, HMGN1, PSRC1 and RBP-Jκ) and (3) five lymphocyte proteins (AK2, ANX1, APEX1, HSPA8 and IDH2 ) that could predict late radiation-induced toxicity. In addition, these signatures allowed to identify new molecular partners likely to be involved in the mechanisms of mammary carcinogenesis and in the late radio-induced toxicity
Deveaux, Ambre. "Supplémentation nutritionnelle en arginine chez des sujets sains présentant des facteurs de risque liés au syndrome métabolique : métabolisme de l'arginine alimentaire et impact sur la fonction endothéliale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA001/document.
Full textVascular endothelial dysfunction, the hallmark of early atherosclerosis, results from an impairment of the synthesis and/or bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), the precursor of which is arginine. Endothelial dysfunction is also known to be induced transiently by a high-fat meal. In subject with cardiometabolic risk factors, oral arginine supplementation has a beneficial effect on NO-related physiological functions. However, no data relates the availability of arginine to the synthesis of NO in normal or cardiometabolic risk condition. In addition, few studies only have investigated the effect of arginine supplementation in a nutritional context (low dose and slow release) in subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors. This work aims to evaluate the effect of a nutritional arginine supplementation, on the arginine metabolism and endothelial function in healthy subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors. In a first clinical study, we have compared the bioavailability of oral arginine and its utilization for NO synthesis, as a function of the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors, and as a function of the form of release (immediate release, IR, as free arginine, or sustained release, SR, which mimics the slow release of dietary arginine). Then, in a second clinical study, we studied the effect of SR-arginine supplementation on fasting endothelial function and its postprandial alteration in healthy subjects with cardiometabolic factors. A further aim was to investigate whether this effect may vary according to the baseline arginine status of subjects. This thesis work has demonstrated a higher utilization of oral arginine for NO synthesis in subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors, and a higher utilization with the SR form, particularly in these subjects at risk. As to the second study, it showed that the SRarginine supplementation effects largely varied with baseline fasting arginine concentration of subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors. In subjects with a relatively lower baseline arginine concentration, SR-arginine attenuated the decrease in postprandial endothelial function and led to a significantly higher endothelial function at the end of the postprandial period
Massard, Christophe. "Biomarqueurs cellulaires circulants dans les cancers avancés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015618.
Full textTravaillé-Aubert, Christelle. "Paludisme en zone d'hyperendémie : apport de la réponse cytokinique et transcriptomique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5022/document.
Full textAmong complications of the malaria access, mostly due to P. falciparum, the pulmonary injuries are often underestimated. Despite numerous studies trying to better understand the inflammatory mechanisms involved in disease worsening, they are still poorly understood. In view to study the host-parasite interactions and identify biomarkers according to severity of malaria, a prospective longitudinal cohort study was carried out in Monkole Hospital (Kinshasa) through a combined immunological and transcriptomic approach, with a follow up on 30 days. Initially, the study concerned the pulmonary injuries, but was focused on the the severity of malaria because of a weak patients number with lung damages.The immunological approach highlighted a moderate Th1 pro-inflammatory response at admission. The transcriptomic approach allowed to connect it with a moderate activation of monocytes/macrophages, mediated by IL-12 signaling pathway, higher in severe malaria. Malaria infection, particularly severe malaria, appears to be strongly dependent on Th17 response, especially to neutrophil activity. The establishment of a Th2 response is also observed in malaria patients. On day 7, Th2 response is predominant, associated with significant hematopoietic activity. On day 30, patients are cured and present a similar profile to healthy controls.These results have to be confirmed with an increased cohort