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1
Quéméner, Audrey. "Étude des populations de cellules souches adultes dans le tissu adipeux et le muscle chez le porc en croissance en réponse à un facteur environnemental." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NSARI083.
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Les travaux menés au cours de ma thèse ont permis de mettre en évidence que l’inflammation modérée, induite par six semaines d’exposition à un stress sanitaire chez le porc en croissance, impacte différemment les caractéristiques moléculaires et cellulaires des tissus adipeux et musculaires. Ainsi, malgré l’absence de détection d’un état inflammatoire dans les tissus adipeux, nous avons démontré que le tissu adipeux périrénal (PRAT) était plus sensible au stress sanitaire que le tissu adipeux sous-cutané (TASC). En effet, la diminution du poids relatif du PRAT a été associée à une baisse d’expression des gènes impliqués dans la synthèse des acides gras chez les porcs logés dans de mauvaises conditions d’hygiène comparés aux porcs logés dans de bonnes conditions d’hygiène. Côté tissu musculaire squelettique, l’augmentation des cellules hématopoïétiques en réponse au stress sanitaire suggère la présence d’un état inflammatoire dans ce tissu. Avec la stratégie de phénotypage que nous avons choisie, nous avons montré que le muscle longissimus dorsi, comparé au TASC, abrite une plus grande diversité de populations de cellules souches adultes mésenchymateuses. Parmi elles, la quantité de PICs (CD45-CD56+CD34+CD140a+) putatives, est augmentée suite à une exposition à un stress sanitaire. La prolifération de cette population cellulaire contribuerait à la régénération musculaire, induite par l'état inflammatoire dû au stress sanitaire. Au final, la modulation des cellules souches adultes ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour modifier la composition des tissus maigres et gras chez les animaux en croissanceThe work carried out during this PhD thesis made it possible to demonstrate that moderate inflammation, induced by a six-week exposure to sanitary stress in growing pigs, has a different impact on the molecular and cellular features of adipose and muscle tissues. Thus, despite the lack of detection of an inflammatory state in adipose tissue, we demonstrated that perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) was more sensitive to sanitary stress than subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT). Indeed, the decrease in the relative weight of PRAT was associate with a decrease in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis in pigs housed in poor hygiene conditions compared with pigs housed in good hygiene conditions. With respect to skeletal muscle tissue, the increase in hematopoietic cells in response to sanitary stress suggests the presence of an inflammatory state in this tissue. With the phenotyping strategy we have chosen, we have shown that the longissimus dorsi muscle, compared to SCAT, exhibited a greater diversity of populations of adult mesenchymal stem cells. Among them, the quantity of putative PICs (CD45-CD56+CD34+CD140a+) was increased following an exposure to sanitary stress. The proliferation of this cell population could contribute to muscle regeneration, induced by the inflammatory state due to sanitary stress. In the end, the modulation of adult stem cells opens up new perspectives for modifying the composition of lean and fat tissues in growing animals
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Hunter, Colin. "The input of sanitary bacteria to an upland stream channel in the Yorkshire Dales." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329442.
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Danion, Morgane. "Impact de pollutions chimiques chroniques (hydrocarbures, pesticides) sur l'état sanitaire et le système immunitaire du poisson." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S174.
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L'écotoxicité des hydrocarbures et des pesticides, a été recherchée chez le poisson adulte à des concentrations d'exposition in vivo correspondant à celles retrouvées chroniquement in situ. Le statut sanitaire et l'état de santé ont été évalués chez le bar commun, Dicentrarchus labrax exposés à un mélange d'hydrocarbures via la fraction soluble d'un pétrole brut et chez la truite arc‑en‑ciel, Oncorhynchus mykiss contaminée à une substance active de pesticide, la pendiméthaline. Les molécules polluantes ont été quantifiées à la fois dans l'eau d'exposition et les poissons (muscles et bile), confirmant l'efficacité des systèmes expérimentaux utilisés. L'exposition chronique à ces polluants dégrade l'état sanitaire du poisson, augmentant le risque potentiel pour la santé du consommateur. De plus, l'état de santé du poisson évalué via le suivi de plusieurs paramètres physiologiques, biochimiques et immunologiques est perturbé. En effet, une leucopénie expliquée par une lymphopénie, ainsi qu'une diminution de l'activité phagocytaire sont systématiquement observées chez les poissons exposés aux xénobiotiques, affectant l'immunité adaptative et innée. Lors d'une épreuve infectieuse au virus de la septicémie hémorragique virale, la pendiméthaline entraîne une mortalité plus précoce des individus et un nombre de poissons séropositifs supérieur. Enfin, les impacts observés à des concentrations d'exposition inférieures aux concentrations sans effet prévisible (PNEC) estimées actuellement, soulignent l'intérêt de prendre en compte l'état sanitaire et les composants du système immunitaire des organismes aquatiques dans l'établissement de seuils de qualité environnementaleThe ecotoxicity of hydrocarbons and pesticides, was investigated in adult fish at in vivo exposure concentrations similar to those found chronically in the natural environment. The sanitary status, i. E. The health status of fish, with regard to chemical pollution and physiological status, was evaluated in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax exposed to a mixture of hydrocarbons using the water soluble fraction of crude oil and in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, contaminated by an active substance present in pesticide, pendimethalin. The pollutant molecules were quantified both in the exposure water and the fish (muscle and bile), confirming the efficiency of the experimental systems used. Chronic exposure to these pollutants deteriorates sanitary status in fish, increasing the potential risk for the health of human consumers. In addition, the health of fish assessed by monitoring several physiological, biochemical and immunological parameters was shown to be disturbed. Indeed, leucopenia due to lymphopenia and a decrease in phagocytic activity were observed in fish whatever the experimental exposure conditions, affecting innate and adaptive immunity. Following the infectious challenge with the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, pendimethalin seemed to accelerate fish mortality and a high number of seropositive fish was recorded compared to the group of control fish. Finally, these effects were observed at exposure levels below the currently estimated predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC), highlighting the importance of taking into account sanitary status and the components of the immune system in aquatic organisms when establishing environmental quality thresholds
4
Borsetti, Simone. "Dallo stress lavoro correlato al burnout negli operatori sanitari: studio pilota per la valutazione di un protocollo di ricerca." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/243055.
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DALLO STRESS LAVORO CORRELATO AL BURNOUT NEGLI OPERATORI SANITARI: STUDIO PILOTA PER LA VALUTAZIONE DI UN PROTOCOLLO DI RICERCA
Dr. Simone Borsetti*
* Psicologo – Psicoterapeuta, Clinica di Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Italia
PAROLE CHIAVE: Stress lavoro-correlato; burnout; caratteristiche di personalità; operatori sanitari
RIASSUNTO
“Dallo stress lavoro correlato al burnout negli operatori sanitari: studio pilota per la valutazione di un protocollo di ricerca”. Introduzione: Numerosi sono gli studi sullo stress e sul burnout ed altrettanto diffuse sono ormai le ricerche sullo stress lavoro correlato in vari ambiti occupazionali. Anche le ricerche più accreditate non permettono però di valutare quanto la personalità influisca positivamente o negativamente nella percezione dello stress, collegando i tratti personologici agli effetti dell’esposizione allo stress. Né spesso si è preso in adeguata considerazione il fattore extra-lavorativo che può affiancarsi ai fattori di stress occupazionali, diventando un moltiplicatore od, al contrario, un fattore di protezione. Gli studi finora effettuati si sono limitati a valutare segmenti separati del fenomeno (lo stress lavoro- correlato, il burnout di certi operatori ecc.) che è invece multidimensionale ed ciascun elemento è strettamente collegato all’altro in un equilibrio dinamico.
Manca in letteratura una ricerca che si estenda contemporaneamente in più direzioni e che permetta di esaminare le possibili correlazioni di fattori lavorativi, extra-lavorativi, ambientali, relazionali e psicologici.
Obiettivi e Metodi: In assenza di lavori che permettano di effettuare un’adeguata sintesi ed analisi delle correlazioni dei fattori succitati, l’obiettivo di questo studio pilota è di valutare quantomeno l’efficacia di una metodologia e l’adeguatezza degli strumenti di rilevazione per raggiungere tale obiettivo.
Risultati: Dare un contributo alla soluzione di alcuni interrogativi che ruotano intorno allo stress lavoro-correlato, quali il peso e l’interazione dei diversi fattori nel determinismo del disagio dell’operatore fino alla comparsa di quadri clinici o di burnout.
Conclusioni: Dallo studio emerge la molteplicità dei fattori implicati nello stress lavoro-correlato e nel fenomeno del burnout e l’utilità di uno strumento d’indagine multidimensionale per la loro diagnosi e per la successiva programmazione d’interventi di gestione dei disagi dei lavoratori.From work-repeated stress to burnout in health operators: a pilot study evaluating a research protocol Dr. Simone Borsetti* * Psychologist-Psychotherapist, Clinic of Occupational Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy KEYWORDS: Work-related stress; burnout; personality characteristics; health operators Background: There are numerous studies on stress, burnout, and on the link of stress with a variety of job sectors. However, existing work does not explore how strongly personality may positively or negatively affect the perception of stress, linking personological traits to the effect of exposure to stress. Likewise, factors outside the work sphere, that may combine with work-related factors to either increase or decrease stress, have not been adequately taken into account. Research to date has been limited to the independent analysis of individual aspects (e.g. work-related stress, the burnout of certain operators, etc.) of a phenomenon which is, instead, multidimensional with components tightly coupled in a dynamical equilibrium. In particular, no study has yet looked at multiple factors simultaneously examining the possible correlations between work-related, work-exogenous, environmental, relational, and psychological factors. Objectives and Methods: Given the lack of research investigating and analysing the correlation between the aforementioned factors, the objective of this pilot study is to propose and evaluate the effectiveness of a methodology and corresponding detection tools to do so. Results: Answers to certain questions about work-related stress, such as the importance and interaction of different factors in causing the discomfort of operators up to the appearance of clinical disorders or burnout. Conclusions: This study reveals the diversity of factors involved in work-related stress and burnout and demonstrates the usefulness of a tool for multidimensional investigation in their diagnosis and in the subsequent planning for the management of problems faced by workers.
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Ho, Yuh-Shan. "Absorption of heavy metals from waste streams by peat." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1995. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8742/.
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Adsorption of heavy metal ions (e.g. copper, nickel and lead) onto sphagnum moss peat was investigated. The influence of pH, concentration, temperature, nature of solute, number of solutes simultaneously present, peat dose and reaction time on batch adsorption equilibria and kinetics tests were examined. Batch adsorption of copper and nickel onto peat was pH dependent, the optimum range being 4.0 to 5.0 for copper and 4.0 to 7.0 for nickel. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms showed a single relationship between initial metal concentration, metal removal, and initial pH. The latter was found to control efficiency of metal removal. The use of peat in removal of lead from aqueous solution was studied in batch experiments. Investigations included the effect of pH and temperature of adsorption. The adsorption equilibria data followed Langmuir and Freundlich models. Efficiency of lead removal depended very little on the reaction temperatures (12 to 37°C) and initial pH values (4.0 to 6.0). The results suggested that the adsorption process is endothermic for lead-peat adsorption. Kinetic data suggested involvement of a chemical rate-limiting step, and a predictive relationship was derived relating metal removal to peat dose. In comparison with other metals, nickel removal is poor, and possible reasons are discussed. Kinetic results also indicated that pore diffusion is not the only rate determining step in peat metal adsorption. A rate equation is described for the study of the kinetics of adsorption of aqueous divalent metal ions onto sphagnum moss peat for a range of conditions. An empirical model was devised for predicting percentage metal ion adsorbed. The model showed a high coefficient of correlation, indicating its reasonableness. The last section describes the results of an examination into the simultaneous adsorption by peat of several metals. Initially copper and nickel from both single- and bi-solute systems were tested. In general, pore diffusion appeared to be the rate-controlling step. The effects of competitive adsorption in batch systems for copper and nickel system was also studied in various ratios of metal concentration. A mathematical model was used successfully and shown to be predictive for various ratio of metal ions concentration in competitive adsorption. The dose effect on the uptake of metals on moss peat was also studied for bi-solute adsorption systems. The best interpretation which could be placed on the data was that the behaviour of nickel was unusual. The results also showed that the kinetics of adsorption were best described by a second-order expression rather than a first-order model. For metal ions which are of different size but are divalent metal ions, we used lead(II) and copper(II) as well as lead(II) and nickel(II) systems. The effects of competitive adsorption in batch systems indicated that copper had a greater effect on lead adsorption than did nickel. However, lead had a greater effect on nickel than copper. A copper, lead and nickel triple-solute system was also tested. The adsorption of any single metal such as copper, lead and nickel was hindered by the presence of the other metals. The competitive effect appears to have affected the three ions in the order nickel > lead > copper with nickel affected most; the adsorption capacity for each solute from the mixed solution was 15.9, 57.4 and 71.5% of that of a single-solute system for copper, lead and nickel, respectively. The kinetic results showed that the heavy metals are adsorbed fairly rapidly, and that there is a relatively good fit between experimental data and the second order model for copper, lead and nickel.
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Cabral, Mathilde. "Étude pilote de l'impact sanitaire des émissions de la décharge de Mbeubeuss (Dakar, Sénégal) sur la population riveraine." Thesis, Littoral, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DUNK0520.
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Cette enquête épidémiologique porte sur l'impact sanitaire de la décharge de Mbeubeuss, réceptacle de l'ensemble des déchets ménagers et industriels de Dakar (Sénégal), sur la population résidant à proximité. Les déchets, stockés sans être recouverts, sont source de pollution atmosphérique et des sols, notamment par le plomb et le cadmium. Les répercussions sanitaires sont d'autant plus préoccupantes que de nombreux riverains de cette décharge sont directement ou indirectement exposés. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer, après caractérisation chimique des échantillons de sol et de particules atmosphériques, l'imprégnation de la population (enfants et adultes) à ces deux métaux et de rechercher leur éventuel impact sur la fonction rénale. Nos résultats ont mis en évidence des teneurs atmosphériques et telluriques en plomb et en cadmium plus élevées sur le site de la décharge (teneurs 20 à 80 fois plus élevées que celles de la zone témoin). L'imprégnation saturnine, déterminée au travers des plombémies, plomburies et des marqueurs biologiques d'effet (PPZ, AlaU), de même que les teneurs sanguines et urinaires en cadmium étaient significativement plus importantes chez les individus résidant au voisinage de la décharge. La production excessive d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène induite par cette imprégnation s'est traduit par une diminution du système de défenses antioxydantes (SOD, GPx, Sélénium, GSH) et une peroxydation lipidique (MDA) accrue chez les sujets exposés. En outre, les variations de certains des marqueurs sensibles et spécifiques de néphrotoxicité (concentrations urinaires élevées en protéines totales, en RBP et en CC16 ; et augmentation des activités GSTα et LDH) suggèrent l'apparition de signes discrets et précoces d'altération de la fonction rénale chez les individus résidant à proximité de la décharge. L'exposition aux émissions de la décharge de Mbeubeuss constitue donc une véritable source de risques pour l'environnement et la santé des populations environnantes. Cette étude pourrait sans doute contribuer à conscientiser les acteurs de la santé sur les risques liés à cette décharge et à placer ces problèmes environnementaux, qui constituent un nouveau défi pour les pays pauvres, au cœur des futurs programmes de développementThis case-control study dealt with adverse health effects on the population living near Mbeubeuss landfill in Dakar (Senegal). All household and industrial waste arising from Dakar are stored in this open landfill without being covered and are therefore possible sources of air pollution and soil contamination by heavy metals, especially Pb and Cd. Health impacts are of particular concern since many of the neighboring residents of this discharge are directly or indirectly exposed. The objective of this study was to determine Pb and Cd concentrations in both environment and humans, and to evaluate possible renal function alteration within the adult and child populations. Our results showed that lead and cadmium concentrations of soils and atmosphere were higher in the landfill (20 to 80 times) than those of the control area. The lead impregnation, evaluated through the blood and urine lead levals, and the biomarkers of exposure (PPZ, ALAU) as well as blood and urine cadmiums levels, were significantly higher in the subjects neighboring the landfill. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species induced by the metal impregnation conducted in exposed subjects to a decrease in antioxidant defense system (SOD, GPx, Selenium, GSH) and an increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA). Moreover, changes in several sensitive and specific markers of nephrotoxicity (high urinary concentrations of total protein, RBP and CC16, as well as GSTα and increased activities) suggested the occurence of discrete and early signs of impaired renal function for the landfill neighboring population. Exposure to emissions from the Mbeubeuss landfill is therefore a source of risk for the environment and the health of people who live and/or work within it. This study could undoubtedly help to raise awareness of landfill-related health risks amoung stakeholders, and to place these environmental problems, wich constitute a new challenge for poor countries, at the heart of future development programs
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Woodhead, Loo Wing-ping Marina. "Environmental health policy implementation in Hong Kong : a study of cleansing services in the Urban Services Department /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12323391.
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Ferrentino, Roberta. "Anaerobic side-stream reactor: a sustainable solution for sewage sludge reduction." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367687.
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Over the last two decades, the production of excess sludge has increased rapidly due to a more
stringent legislation on effluent quality and a growing number of new plants, becoming an
economic and an environmental critical issue. Processing excess sludge could account for half up
to 65% of the total operation costs of a wastewater treatment plant. Technologies to reduce the
excess sludge had been widely studied. Several studies reported that the technologies integrated in
the wastewater handling units should be cost effective and preferable rather than the techniques
integrated in the sludge handling units, as they allow to reduce the sludge production rather than
treat it. Thus, the development and the optimization of a technology able to reduce the sludge
production in the water line is now challenging. A lot of technique have been developed such as
biological, thermal, high temperature oxidation, mechanical treatments, ultrasonication, ozonation
or by using chemical compounds. Some of these have been proven not energy saving, while others
can negatively affect the effluent quality of the process due to the formation of by-products.
Among others, biological treatments are a challenging strategy for sludge reduction. In recent
years, several studies showed that including an anaerobic bioreactor in the returned activated
sludge line of a conventional activated process could significantly enhance the sludge reduction
without causing negative effects on operational performances. Today, this configuration is known
as anaerobic side-stream reactor (ASSR) process. Several laboratory applications highlighted that
the sludge yield of the ASSR process could be reduced up to 60% compared to a conventional
activated process. Despite the highest percentage of sludge reduction achieved, the process is still
little applied to real scale because its main operating parameters and sludge reduction mechanisms
are still unclear.
This study focused on the verification of ASSR process, the mechanisms of sludge reduction
and the microbial structure of the process. During the first part of the research, a laboratory
experimental system was designed and implemented. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR), to
simulate the water line of a real wastewater treatment plant, and an ASSR as a sludge treatment
unit composed the system. Unlike most of the previous studies, the system was fed with real urban
wastewater in order to obtain results that reflect as much as possible what can really happen to a
municipal WWTP. Through a critical analysis of the literature, the influence of two important
operating parameters, such as the solid retention time (SRT) of the ASSR and the interchange rate
(IR), which means the percentage of biomass cycled into the ASSR, had been uncovered
Given this, the experimental system was started up and reached a stable condition after 60 days.
The research was developed in three different phases that lasted for about 90 days each. The
experimental lab system was tested under three configurations: i) 10% sludge interchange rate and
SRT in the ASSR of 10 days; ii) 20% sludge interchange rate and SRT in the ASSR of 5 days and
iii) 40% sludge interchange rate and SRT in the ASSR of 2.5 days. The observed sludge yield
(Yobs) of each phase was evaluated and was equal 0.21 g TSS/g COD, 0.14 g TSS/g COD and
0.12 g TSS/g COD in Phase I, II and III, respectively. These results confirmed that the process
could significantly decrease the sludge production and a reduction up to 62% could be achieved.
To explain the results obtained in terms of sludge reduction, different tests and analysis were
performed. The release of soluble COD and ammonia in the ASSR have highlighted that the
endogenous decay and cell lysis mechanism occur in the ASSR. Extraction of EPS, with CER and
BASE methods, showed a release of protein and polysaccharides in the bulk solution that
increased passing between Phase I and III. At the end of each experimental phase, batch tests were
carried out to evaluate the activity of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO) and denitrifying
phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAO).
Recirculation in SBR-ASSR selects DPAO microorganisms. This was a result of great interest
because DPAO could enhance the biological nutrient removal since nitrogen and phosphorus can
be simultaneously removed. Furthermore, DPAO has lower cell yield than PAO resulting in lower
sludge production. Results showed an activity of PAO, DPAO and other slow growers such as
sulfate reducing bacteria. All these results suggested that the high percentage of sludge reduction
could be explained as a combination of aspects, such as the cell lysis, the cryptic growth, the
selection of slowing microorganisms and EPS destructuration. The SRT and the IR could be
considered as main parameters and their variation could significantly affect the performance of the
process. Microbial analyses were carried out to investigate the bacterial and archaeal structure of
the ASSR sludge during each phase.The results confirmed the presence of several bacteria that
are typically heterotrophic responsible of hydrolysis and fermentative process of organic matter.
Several slow growers bacteria were also detected. Moreover, according to the batch tests on PAO
and DPAO activity, a relevant increase in Phase III of some genera able to enhance the biological
phosphorous removal has been observed.
In summary, the research found that the ASSR process is a sustainable solution for the sewage
sludge reduction due to an efficient and a low sludge production, able to ensure both carbon,
nutrients and phosphorous removal applying an extremely simple technology, easy to realize both
in new and in existing wastewater treatment plants.
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ELOH, KODJO. "Exploration of New Oxidative Stress Nematicidal Compounds and Valorization of Satureja montana L. Essential Oils and Hydrolates as Plant Biopesticides." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/260403.
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Plant diseases cause economic challenges because they are responsible for estimated pre- and
postharvest losses of 16–28% of crops yearly. Control is aimed at the use of chemical
protectants, which reduce or retard the growth of the pathogen population. Another option is
the use of resistant varieties, which reduce the pest population or increase recovery from injury
caused by the enemies. However, resistant varieties become susceptible after few years of
cultivation due to pathogen adaptation and evolution to cultivated varieties.
Research of new environmentally benign products active against pests and diseases are
required that control target organisms without harming the environment. In this thesis, I
evaluated for the first time the nematicidal activity of new synthesized maleimide derivatives
by structure-activity relationship (SAR), some selected haloacetophenones and transition metal
ions. I also developed a new method to assess the metabolome alteration induced by these
products on nematodes. Finally, I valorized a carvacrol chemotype domesticated plant of S.
montana by evaluating its activity on insects, Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae and
Rhopalosiphum padi; and on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica.
The maleimide derivatives were easily synthesized in a one pot reaction; haloacetophenones
were commercially available and metal ions present as sulphate or nitrate salts. The tested
compounds showed strong nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita, X. index and
G. pallida with EC50 values lower than 5 mg/L. I also found a synergism action between
maleimide and copper ion on one hand and between copper ions and tannins on the other hand.
A GC-MS metabolomics analysis showed that these compounds might induce oxidative stress
in nematodes by modifying the levels of fatty acids and acylglycerols. After a field experiment
and phytotoxicity assays, these first reported nematicidal compounds could be used in crop protection against nematodes.
S. montana essential oil (EO) chemical composition was influenced by the fertilizers applied
and the EO extraction method. Hence, the conventional agriculture plants showed a lower level
of p-cymene with a higher level of carvacrol while more than 20 compounds showed
significantly difference levels according to the method of extraction, laboratory or semiindustrial. The EOs and the organic phase of hydrolates with LC50 values of 20-65 µg/cm2
modified the feeding behavior of Spodoptera. littoralis. S. montana EOs repel Rhopalosiphon.
padi and Myzus. persicae with settlement inhibition LC50 values estimated at 25-60 µg/cm2.
The plant also inhibited the germination and growth of Lolium perenne at 10 mg/mL.
Furthermore, ethanol extracts of S. montana did not show any activity on the pests. However,
we successfully valorized the EO by product hydrolates on the insects and nematode.
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Grandi, Stefano <1966>. "Salute e sicurezza sul lavoro: significati e problemi della valutazione dei rischi da stress lavoro-correlato nelle aziende sanitarie." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3469/1/grandi_stefano_tesi.pdf.
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Work environment changes bring new risks, in particular an increase in certain diseases and illnesses caused by stress. The European Agreement of October 2004 defines stress as “a state accompanied by physical, psychological or social dysfunctions, due to the fact that people do not feel able to overcome the gap in relation to requests or expectations for them”. A new strategy aims to reduce accidents and occupational illnesses through a series of actions at European level. The approaches to prevent work related stress must specifically aim to face up organizational and social aspects, to provide training to managers and employees on management of stress, to reduce the impact and to develop suitable systems for rehabilitation and return to work for those who suffered health problems.
The enterprises will have to carry out the obligations laid down by legislation, adopting detection systems customised on their size and on their specific interests.
Currently manifold tools and methodologies are proposed from different subjects as employer associations, advisors for safety, psychologists etc., but none of these has been identified as a model to follow.
After the reconstruction of the theoretical framework where the theme is placed in, the thesis, through a background analysis done by collecting the comments of experts who are involved in the management of occupational safety and the examination of a concrete assessment of work-related stress risk, carried out at a local health authority of Emilia-Romagna region, aims to highlight the main sociological implications related to the emergence of these new risks.
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Grandi, Stefano <1966>. "Salute e sicurezza sul lavoro: significati e problemi della valutazione dei rischi da stress lavoro-correlato nelle aziende sanitarie." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3469/.
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Work environment changes bring new risks, in particular an increase in certain diseases and illnesses caused by stress. The European Agreement of October 2004 defines stress as “a state accompanied by physical, psychological or social dysfunctions, due to the fact that people do not feel able to overcome the gap in relation to requests or expectations for them”. A new strategy aims to reduce accidents and occupational illnesses through a series of actions at European level. The approaches to prevent work related stress must specifically aim to face up organizational and social aspects, to provide training to managers and employees on management of stress, to reduce the impact and to develop suitable systems for rehabilitation and return to work for those who suffered health problems.
The enterprises will have to carry out the obligations laid down by legislation, adopting detection systems customised on their size and on their specific interests.
Currently manifold tools and methodologies are proposed from different subjects as employer associations, advisors for safety, psychologists etc., but none of these has been identified as a model to follow.
After the reconstruction of the theoretical framework where the theme is placed in, the thesis, through a background analysis done by collecting the comments of experts who are involved in the management of occupational safety and the examination of a concrete assessment of work-related stress risk, carried out at a local health authority of Emilia-Romagna region, aims to highlight the main sociological implications related to the emergence of these new risks.
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Harries, Tom. "Physical testing and numerical modelling of a novel vertical-axis tidal stream turbine." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/66145/.
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A combination of climate change, due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions and concerns over energy security, due to fluctuating fuel prices, has led to the UK pushing to increase its renewable energy production. Harnessing tidal stream energy is an infant sector in the UK’s renewable energy portfolio, despite the UK’s large tidal stream resource, and is harnessed through deploying tidal stream energy converters. This thesis focuses on the design of a novel vertical axis tidal turbine (VATT) called CarBine which is driven by drag force and therefore has several unique advantages, including slow rotational speed, omni-directionality and a simple design. This research focused on the optimisation of the CarBine design and was split into two areas: physical testing and numerical modelling. A conventional Savonius was also analysed in both of these respects and this enabled a direct comparison of CarBine to a competing drag force driven VATT. Physical testing measured the power of the turbines and was conducted in hydraulic flumes at both Cardiff University (CU) and IFREMER in Northern France for a range of flow conditions. Testing at IFREMER enabled the quantification of the blockage effect in the CU experiments. Physical testing resulted in the optimised design of CarBine being one with a four arm configuration. From physical testing at CU, CarBine showed inferior efficiency performance to that of the conventional Savonius, a Cp of 0.117 compared to 0.225 at U∞=0.72 m/s. As a result a hybrid of both the Savonius and CarBine was tested, namely a Savonius with flaps. However, results from physical testing showed the Savonius with flaps to have inferior performance to both CarBine and the conventional Savonius, with a Cp of 0.103 at U∞=0.72 m/s at CU. Numerical modelling was conducted using the commercial CFD software package, Ansys CFX. Both transient and steady state simulations along with 2D and 3D models were used to model both CarBine and the Savonius. Both the k-ε and SST turbulence models were used for comparison. The two degrees of rotational freedom present in the CarBine design resulted in CarBine being difficult to model precisely. The numerical modelling results were validated against the physical testing results and where available, 3D results showed closer validation than the 2D results.
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Notarfrancesco, Sarah <1991>. "Purple bacteria for the biotechnological valorisation of agro-industrial streams." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10386/1/PhD%20thesis_Sarah%20Notarfrancesco.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Waste management worldwide has received increasing attention from global policies in recent years. In particular, agro-industrial streams represent a global concern due to the huge volumes generated and a high number of residues, which produce an environmental and economic impact on the ecosystem. The use of biotechnological approaches to treat these streams could allow the production of desirable by-products to be reinjected into the production cycle through sustainable processes.
Purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) are targeted as microorganisms capable to reduce the pressure of agro-industrial streams on environmental issues, due to their metabolic versatility (autotrophic and/or heterotrophic growth under different conditions). This Ph.D. research project aims to assess the effectiveness of PPB cultivation for industrial streams valorisation in the applications of biogas desulfurization and microbial protein production.
For these purposes, the first part of the present work is dedicated to the cultivation of purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) for biogas streams upgrading, cleaning biogas from sulfur compounds (H2S), and producing elemental sulfur (S0), potentially suitable as a slow-release fertilizer. The second part of the thesis, instead, sees the application of purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) on streams rich in organics, such as molasses, generating biomass with high content of proteins and pigments, useful as supplements in animal feed.
The assessment of the main metabolic mechanisms involved in the two processes is evaluated at a laboratory scale using flasks and a photobioreactor, to define the consumption of substrates and the accumulation of products both in the autotrophic (on biogas) and in heterotrophic grow (on molasses).
In conclusion, the effectiveness of processes employing PPB for a sustainable valorisation of several agro-industrial streams has been proved promising, using actual residues, and coupling their treatments with the production of added-value by-products.
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Ferrentino, Roberta. "Anaerobic side-stream reactor: a sustainable solution for sewage sludge reduction." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1746/2/PhD_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last two decades, the production of excess sludge has increased rapidly due to a more
stringent legislation on effluent quality and a growing number of new plants, becoming an
economic and an environmental critical issue. Processing excess sludge could account for half up
to 65% of the total operation costs of a wastewater treatment plant. Technologies to reduce the
excess sludge had been widely studied. Several studies reported that the technologies integrated in
the wastewater handling units should be cost effective and preferable rather than the techniques
integrated in the sludge handling units, as they allow to reduce the sludge production rather than
treat it. Thus, the development and the optimization of a technology able to reduce the sludge
production in the water line is now challenging. A lot of technique have been developed such as
biological, thermal, high temperature oxidation, mechanical treatments, ultrasonication, ozonation
or by using chemical compounds. Some of these have been proven not energy saving, while others
can negatively affect the effluent quality of the process due to the formation of by-products.
Among others, biological treatments are a challenging strategy for sludge reduction. In recent
years, several studies showed that including an anaerobic bioreactor in the returned activated
sludge line of a conventional activated process could significantly enhance the sludge reduction
without causing negative effects on operational performances. Today, this configuration is known
as anaerobic side-stream reactor (ASSR) process. Several laboratory applications highlighted that
the sludge yield of the ASSR process could be reduced up to 60% compared to a conventional
activated process. Despite the highest percentage of sludge reduction achieved, the process is still
little applied to real scale because its main operating parameters and sludge reduction mechanisms
are still unclear.
This study focused on the verification of ASSR process, the mechanisms of sludge reduction
and the microbial structure of the process. During the first part of the research, a laboratory
experimental system was designed and implemented. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR), to
simulate the water line of a real wastewater treatment plant, and an ASSR as a sludge treatment
unit composed the system. Unlike most of the previous studies, the system was fed with real urban
wastewater in order to obtain results that reflect as much as possible what can really happen to a
municipal WWTP. Through a critical analysis of the literature, the influence of two important
operating parameters, such as the solid retention time (SRT) of the ASSR and the interchange rate
(IR), which means the percentage of biomass cycled into the ASSR, had been uncovered
Given this, the experimental system was started up and reached a stable condition after 60 days.
The research was developed in three different phases that lasted for about 90 days each. The
experimental lab system was tested under three configurations: i) 10% sludge interchange rate and
SRT in the ASSR of 10 days; ii) 20% sludge interchange rate and SRT in the ASSR of 5 days and
iii) 40% sludge interchange rate and SRT in the ASSR of 2.5 days. The observed sludge yield
(Yobs) of each phase was evaluated and was equal 0.21 g TSS/g COD, 0.14 g TSS/g COD and
0.12 g TSS/g COD in Phase I, II and III, respectively. These results confirmed that the process
could significantly decrease the sludge production and a reduction up to 62% could be achieved.
To explain the results obtained in terms of sludge reduction, different tests and analysis were
performed. The release of soluble COD and ammonia in the ASSR have highlighted that the
endogenous decay and cell lysis mechanism occur in the ASSR. Extraction of EPS, with CER and
BASE methods, showed a release of protein and polysaccharides in the bulk solution that
increased passing between Phase I and III. At the end of each experimental phase, batch tests were
carried out to evaluate the activity of phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO) and denitrifying
phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAO).
Recirculation in SBR-ASSR selects DPAO microorganisms. This was a result of great interest
because DPAO could enhance the biological nutrient removal since nitrogen and phosphorus can
be simultaneously removed. Furthermore, DPAO has lower cell yield than PAO resulting in lower
sludge production. Results showed an activity of PAO, DPAO and other slow growers such as
sulfate reducing bacteria. All these results suggested that the high percentage of sludge reduction
could be explained as a combination of aspects, such as the cell lysis, the cryptic growth, the
selection of slowing microorganisms and EPS destructuration. The SRT and the IR could be
considered as main parameters and their variation could significantly affect the performance of the
process. Microbial analyses were carried out to investigate the bacterial and archaeal structure of
the ASSR sludge during each phase.The results confirmed the presence of several bacteria that
are typically heterotrophic responsible of hydrolysis and fermentative process of organic matter.
Several slow growers bacteria were also detected. Moreover, according to the batch tests on PAO
and DPAO activity, a relevant increase in Phase III of some genera able to enhance the biological
phosphorous removal has been observed.
In summary, the research found that the ASSR process is a sustainable solution for the sewage
sludge reduction due to an efficient and a low sludge production, able to ensure both carbon,
nutrients and phosphorous removal applying an extremely simple technology, easy to realize both
in new and in existing wastewater treatment plants.
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Perrin, Marie Xuan Tien. "État sanitaire entre Ancien régime et Révolution industrielle : étude paléoépidemiologique de deux populations provençales, interactions bio-culturelles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191205_PERRIN_631yct895nh922qpd869gmylgf_TH.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
En France, les périodes moderne et contemporaine sont en marge des problématiques archéologiques. En Provence, les fouilles récentes de deux ensembles funéraires offrent l’opportunité d’analyser l’état sanitaire de la population provençale à une époque charnière : la transition entre Ancien Régime et révolution industrielle. Il s'agit de déterminer si les mutations qui se déroulent entre le XVIe et le XXe siècle ont entraîné des modifications de l’état sanitaire. Notre échantillon réunit 1289 individus issus des cimetières Saint-Jacques à La Ciotat et des Crottes à Marseille. Notre approche mêle une démarche paléoépidémiologique et biocutlurelle, dans laquelle les données biologiques sont confrontées aux nombreuses sources historiques disponibles. L’examen des pathologies dentaires, marqueurs de stress et maladies métaboliques montre de nombreuses similarités entre nos deux échantillons. Les différences sont bien plus subtiles que présupposées et s’illustrent surtout par une augmentation des caries et des hypoplasies de l’émail dentaire. Les premières semblent d’abord indiquer des changements d’ordre alimentaire avec l’introduction de nouveaux aliments et procédés de fabrication qui accompagne la révolution industrielle. Les secondes pourraient témoigner de l’accentuation des stress précoces, peut-être en raison de nouvelles pratiques alimentaires autour du sevrage et de l’allaitement, ou d’une alimentation générale toujours peu diversifiée. Enfin, les périodes de stress, de plus en plus nombreuses, pourraient suggérer un environnement infectieux délétère malgré les nombreuses découvertes scientifiques et médicales, qui n’auront un réel impact qu’à partir du XXe siècleIn France, modern and contemporary societies have for long been set aside from bioarchaeological concerns. Recently, the excavations of two large cemeteries in Provence have provided the opportunity to analyze health status during a critical period : the transition between the Ancien Régime and the Industrial Revolution. This study aims to determine whether these changes occuring between the 16th and the 20th century, led to significant changes in health status. Our osteoarchaeological sample includes 1289 individuals from two complementary series : Saint-Jacques cemetery in La Ciotat and the cemetery Les Crottes in Marseille. The approach adopted combines a paleoepidemiological and biocutural approach, in which biological data are contextualised through numerous historical sources available for these recent periods. The examination of dental pathologies, stress markers and metabolic diseases showed many similarities between our two samples. The differences do exist, but they are much more subtle than assumed and mainly illustrated the increase of carious lesions and dental enamel hypoplasia. The former seem to indicate changes in diet with the introduction of new foodstuffs and manufacturing processes that accompanied the Industrial Revolution. The latter could reflect the increase in early stress, perhaps due to new feeding practices surrounding weaning and breastfeeding, or a general poorly diversified diet. Finally, the increasing number of periods of stress could suggest a noxious sanitary and infectious environment, despite scientific and medical advancements, which would have a real impact from the 20th century onwards
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Antonio, Fiorentino. "Antibiotic resistance in stream: monitoring, modeling and effluent control by photocatalytic disinfection." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1874.
Full textAbstract:
2013-2014Since the 1940s, the ever-increasing use of antibiotics for human, veterinary and agricultural purposes, contributes to their continuous release into the environment due to incomplete metabolism or due to disposal of unused antibiotics. The concern for the release of antibiotics into the environment isrelated to the development of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacteria (ARB), which reduce the therapeutic potential against human and animal pathogens. Urban wastewater treatment plant (UWWTP) effluents, hospital discharges, livestock farms represent today the major contamination sources of surface water from antibiotics and ARB. The consequence is that antibiotics, exerting selective pressure, may facilitate the selection of ARB or the acquisition of resistance genes by horizontal transfer. The aim of this work was to investigate the spread of ARB in the environment, particularly in water system, as well as to minimize the related risk through the investigation of effective wastewater disinfection methods. Accordingly, experimental activity was addressed to (i) the monitoring of ARB in river, (ii) modelling ARB fate in river and (iii) minimize ARB release in river through effective wastewater disinfection. [edited by author]
XIII n.s.
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Andrade, Janaína Freitas de. "Caracterização do vendedor e do consumidor de churrasquinho de rua no município de Maceió, AL." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/644.
Full textAbstract:
O comércio de alimentos por vendedores ambulantes vem crescendo ano após ano em todas as cidades do Brasil, isso se deve principalmente ao desemprego que atinge a população brasileira. Alimentos comercializados por ambulantes têm custo acessível à maioria da população, por isso a procura é grande. Devido à falta de conhecimento os vendedores ambulantes não têm noções de práticas higiênico-sanitárias com os alimentos, tornando-os fontes de toxinfecções alimentares. Um exemplo de alimento de rua que vem crescendo muito no comércio informal de Maceió é o churrasquinho. Os pontos de venda de churrasquinhos vêem atraindo muitos consumidores, onde passam a ser uma opção barata de lazer para essas pessoas. A fiscalização para o controle sanitário dos alimentos vendidos nas ruas é bastante precária devido o número crescente de vendedores ambulantes. Em Maceió-AL, são poucas as informações sobre a qualidade dos alimentos comercializados na rua, por isso, esse trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar os vendedores e consumidores de churrasquinho de rua, quanto aos hábitos, conhecimentos e percepção de risco da comida de rua e qualidade dos alimentos. Os dados foram coletados em 100 pontos de venda de churrasquinho e com 75 consumidores, e realizados análises microbiológicas de 20 amostras de churrasquinho. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos vendedores possui nível médio de escolaridade. Para 75 vendedores, essa é a única fonte de renda da família e que 67 vendedores escolheram essa opção de trabalho devido ao desemprego. Setenta e sete pontos apresentavam condições insatisfatórias de funcionamento, por não apresentam água corrente, instalações sanitárias e lixeiras. A estrutura da maior parte, 50 barracas, é desprovida de qualquer tipo de proteção, sendo o churrasquinho preparado e vendido ao ar livre. Os vendedores são responsáveis pela compra das carnes, onde 47 adquirem a carne no mercado público municipal. Cinqüenta e três vendedores nunca fizeram curso de capacitação para manipulação de alimentos. Trinta e cinco (47%) consumidores têm nível médio de ensino e 52 (70%) têm renda familiar de até cinco salários-mínimos. Em relação ao consumo semanal, 25 (33%) consumidores relataram consumo de comida de rua mais de cinco vezes por semana. Trinta e um (41%) consumidores disseram que apresentaram quadro de diarréia e/ou vômitos após consumir comida de rua, onde 16 (52%) deles tiveram que se ausentar de suas obrigações (trabalho e/ou escola). Em relação aos parâmetros microbiológicos, a contagem de coliformes a 45ºC e S. aureus ficaram dentro dos padrões exigidos pelo Ministério da Saúde, porém em uma (10%) amostra foi encontrada a presença de Salmonella, condenado o produto para consumo. Os resultados desta pesquisa reforçam a necessidade do desenvolvimento de um programa pela Vigilância Sanitária municipal que vise capacitar os vendedores, orientando-os para a implantação de Boas Práticas nos seus pontos de venda, além de conscientização dos consumidores em relação ao consumo de comida de rua.
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Redaelli, V. "UTILIZZO DELLA TECNICA TERMOGRAFICA COME SISTEMA NON INVASIVO PER LO STUDIO DEL BENESSERE E DELLO STATO SANITARIO NELLE SPECIE ANIMALI DI INTERESSE ZOOTECNICO E DA AFFEZIONE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150116.
Full textAbstract:
Using infrared thermography as a innovative and non-invasive system for the study of well-being and health status in farm animals and pet. The particular interest existing about the development in livestock of a system for measuring temperatures at a distance, is witnessed by several articles in international journals, both on laboratory animals, both on rabbit, sheep and horses (Goodwin 1998 ). In fact stress could induce physiological and behavioral changes, as well as vascular changes in different parts of the body that are reflected in changes in body and skin temperatures. In previous studies, physiological reactions in response to acute stress stimuli were found on tail of rats and in ear of rabbit: there was a decrease in temperature at the level of the tail and paws; on the contrary, the temperature of the eye, head and back is increased.
The main problems in measurement of temperatures with current methods, are associated with the difficulty of recording the data without causing additional stress due to the handling of animals by man. The thermographic technique can remotely monitor the temperature distribution of a body and its variations, without interacting with it.
In fact, thermography is a telemetric technique, non-invasive, able to determine from a distance the temperature of any surface with high spatial resolution (1 cm to 7 meters) and high thermal sensitivity (0 , 08 ° C), taking advantage of that all objects emit infrared radiation in proportion to its temperature. At now thermography has been applied in the animal field just to assess stress response in some research on rabbits, it is currently used for diagnosis of inflammation in the limbs of horses and seems to be of fundamental importance for the early diagnosis of mastitis. The purpose of this thesis research was the development of a system to check temperature of pet and livestock at distance using the thermographic technique, in order to verify the possibility of obtaining an objective assessment of any conditions of stress and / or discomfort.
In the “Centro di Allevamento e Addestramento della Guardia di Finanza, temperatures of 20 dogs were taken at a distance, while behavioral tests were carried out by a team independent from the thermographic technician and according to their defined sequences. We obtained thermographic videos that, in addition to the behavior of the subjects, provides information on the variation in skin temperature during test, in the same dog, and between different subjects. The most suitable areas to detect the temperature changing were defined as the area around the eyes and the inner of ears. These videos are the beginning of the database for the canine species and represent the material of two theses currently in progress at the Department of Animal Sciences - Milan. The availability baseline data on various species is a key to refer to in order to successfully apply this non-invasive technique to assess animal’s well being.
No interaction is needed between the operator and thermographic animals, thus confirm the non-invasiveness of the developed system. For the analysis of thermal images obtained, it is still developing, in collaboration with the Physics Department of Milan, a software that can automatically extract the array of temperatures of interested areas identified.
Regarding the syndrome of poor performance in sport horses, 9 thermography videos were made during exercise on high-speed treadmill, which made possible to record the heating of the different muscle areas of the body and to verify the proper vascularization of tissue, in addition to identifying abnormal responses caused by diseases and stress. Such studies have been conducted at the Hospital for Large Animals of Lodi and allow to test and enhance the training of sport horses. As far as dairy cows, the thermographic technique is proved particularly useful in the early detection of podalic diseases, allowing early intervention and improving animal welfare; different experimental sessions were conducted at the farm Angelo Menozzi Landriano, in collaboration with DIPAV of University of Milan. Values of sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 63% were obtained using the clinical evaluation as a reference.
In collaboration with the Department of Agro-Food Protection and Enhancement of Bologna, 2 long transports of pigs were carried out in north-central Italy to determine whether thermography can be used in the assessment of environmental stress on pigs in the truck during transportations. Thermographic skin temperature measurements were performed for the first time during a transport by a camera placed inside the vehicle. The contemporary environmental conditions checking allowed the determination of a relationship between these two quantities in accordance with the present literature about.
About swine, some experimental tests were performed to evaluate the best conditions for breeding and reproduction in collaboration with the Scottish Agricultural College, Edinburgh. Studying on thermoregulation phenomena of nude mice, some experiments were carried out in collaboration with Siena Biotech. Thermography has allowed the identification of an "hot" area in the dorsal area of animals, which coincides with so called “brown fat tissue” and is involved for rodents in thermogenesis. The measurements taken at different days have proved consistent and repeatable, it was possible to define the thermal behavior of brown tissue even under conditions of hypothermia and hyperthermia. Finally, for a better and more automated analysis of thermal images obtained, it is still developing a software specifically for the treatment of the thermal images of moving subjects, in collaboration with Department of Physics - University of Milan.
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Kacki, Sacha. "Influence de l’état sanitaire des populations anciennes sur la mortalité en temps de peste : contribution à la paléoépidémiologie." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0058/document.
Full textAbstract:
Génératrice depuis le VIe siècle de notre ère de crises épidémiques récurrentes en Occident, la peste a profondémentmarqué l’histoire des sociétés européennes, tant sur le plan biologique que culturel, économique et politique. Sil’histoire des épidémies qu’elle a engendrées est aujourd’hui relativement bien connue, un certain nombre de questionssur ses caractéristiques épidémiologiques passées demeurent pour partie irrésolues. En particulier, le caractère sélectifou non de la mortalité par peste à l’égard de l’âge, du sexe et de l’état de santé préexistant des individus faitactuellement débat. À partir d’une approche anthropobiologique, le présent travail se propose de contribuer à cettediscussion. Il livre les résultats de l’étude d’un corpus de 1090 squelettes provenant, d’une part, de quatre sitesd’inhumation de pestiférés de la fin du Moyen Âge et du début de l’époque moderne et, d’autre part, de deuxcimetières paroissiaux médiévaux utilisés hors contexte épidémique. Cette étude révèle en premier lieu l’existenced’une signature démographique commune aux séries en lien avec la peste. Leur composition par âge et par sexe,distincte de celle caractérisant la mortalité naturelle, est au contraire en adéquation avec la structure théorique d’unepopulation vivante préindustrielle. L’examen de divers indicateurs de stress suggèrent par ailleurs que les victimes dela peste jouissaient, à la veille de leur décès, d’un meilleur état de santé que les individus morts en temps normal. Lesrésultats obtenus concourent à démontrer que les facteurs causals de ces lésions squelettiques, d’accoutuméresponsables d’une diminution des chances de survie, n’eurent au contraire qu’une influence mineure, si ce n’est nulle,sur le risque de mourir de l’infection à Yersinia pestis. Ce travail livre in fine un faisceau d’arguments convergents quitendent à prouver que les épidémies de peste anciennes furent à l’origine d’une mortalité non sélective, la maladiefrappant indistinctement les individus des deux sexes, de tous âges et de toutes conditions sanitairesFrom the 6th century onwards, plague caused recurring mortality crises in the Western world. Such epidemics hadprofound biological, cultural, economic and political impacts on European societies. Some aspects of the history ofplague epidemics are currently well known, but many questions remain unanswered, such as the preciseepidemiological pattern of the disease in ancient times. It is unclear whether plague killed people indiscriminately orwhether this disease was selective with respect to age, sex and health. This research contributes to this debate.It consists of an anthropological and paleopathological study of skeletal remains of 1090 individuals, including plaguevictims from four medieval and post-medieval burial grounds, and individuals from two parochial cemeteries in useduring periods of normal mortality. Results from the four plague-related assemblages reveal a peculiar demographicsignature. Age and sex distribution differs clearly from what is expected in non-epidemic periods, when it is shown tocorrespond closely to the demographic structure of the living population. Moreover, the study of various non-specificskeletal stress markers shows that plague victims were in a better health before they passed away than people who diedin non-epidemic periods. The results demonstrate that individuals who suffered stress and disease had a reducedchance of survival in non-epidemic periods, whereas they were not at a higher risk to die during plague epidemics.This study provides evidence that plague was not selective, and that it killed regardless of sex, age, and pre-existing health
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Keller, Patrícia Pereira Ribeiro. "Diagnóstico do estresse hídrico na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão João Leite." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5164.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The survey was developed with the objective of diagnosis of water stress in the catchment area of the hydrografic basin João Leite River, whereas seasonal aspects and the water regime (lotic system and still water system). Historic survey was conducted of the anthropogenic activities (industry, commerce, farmers, vegetable and mineral extraction) inserted into the catchment area of João Leite River. Following, he proceeded historical survey (2012 and 2013) of physico-chemical parameters (ambientte temperature, water temperature, turbidity, pH, nitrogen series, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen - OD, biochemical demand of oxigênico - DBO, total dissolved solids - STD) and bacterial (Escherichia coli), resulting in the calculation of the Water Quality Index (IQA) in eleven (11) sampling points (Reservoir João Leite River, João Leite River, Bandeira Stream, Jenipapo Stream, Jurubatuba Stream, Rosa Stream, Descoberto Stream, Maria Paula Stream, Posse Stream, Mata Pasto Stream, Pedras Stream). It was found that five (5) sampling points highlighted by the lower IQA (Jurubatuba Stream - IQA 58.81; João Leite River - IQA 61.50; Bandeira Stream - IQA 63.41; Jenipapo Stream - IQA 65.22 ) or environmental significance in the Reservoir João Leite River - IQA 75.12 Subsequently, these five (5) points were monitored every two months in 2014 (3 collections in rainy season and 3 collections in dry season) analyzing 100 ( one hundred) parameters: 6 physical parameter (water temperature, transparency, quota, turbidity, apparent color and true), 89 chemical parameter (43 Organic 23 metals, caffeine, total solids, total nitrogen, pH, conductivity, STD, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, sulphate, total organic carbon, alkalinity, hardness, consumed oxygen, OD, DBO, chemical oxygen demand, surfactant, total iron and carbon dioxide) and 5 biological parameter (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, clorophyll- a, pheophytin and phytoplankton). The annual average of the data obtained showed the Water Quality Index 65.80 (good), Trophic State Index 52.93 (mesotrophic) and Community Index Phytoplankton 2.20 (good). Caffeine was quantified (0.315 mg L-1 to 1.512 mg L -1) at all sampling sites in the basin indicating contamination by domestic sewage. The present study demonstrated a resilient bowl with the presence of stress factors: micropollutants (demeton, atrazine, glyphosate, malathion, metolachlor, carbon tetrachloride, xylene, dichloromethane, dichloroethene, toluene), trace elements (As, Hg, Sb, Se, Cu , Fe, Al, Cr, Zn, In, Cd, Co, B, Mn, Li, Ag, Be, V, Ni, U, Ba, Pb), pathogenic organisms (Escherichia coli, Microcystis sp.) and first-order impacts (deforestation, presence of effluents and solid wastes) related to anthropogenic activities developed in the watershed region of João Leite River.
A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com objetivo de realizar o diagnóstico do estresse hídrico na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão João Leite, considerando aspectos sazonais e o regime hídrico (sistema lótico e sistema lêntico). Foi realizado levantamento histórico das atividades antrópicas (indústria, comércio, produtor rural, extração vegetal e mineral) inseridas na área da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão João Leite. Seguindo, procedeu-se levantamento histórico (2012 e 2013) de parâmetros físico-químicos (temperatura ambientte, temperatura da água, turbidez, pH, série nitrogenada, fósforo total, oxigênio dissolvido – OD, demanda bioquímica de oxigênico – DBO, sólidos totais dissolvidos – STD) e bacteriológico (Escherichia coli), resultando no cálculo do Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA) em onze (11) pontos de amostragem (Barramento do Reservatório do Ribeirão João Leite, Ribeirão João Leite, Córrego Bandeira, Córrego Jenipapo, Córrego Jurubatuba, Córrego Rosa, Córrego Descoberto, Córrego Maria Paula, Córrego Posse, Córrego Mata Pasto, Córrego Pedras) . Verificou-se que cinco (5) pontos de amostragem destacaram-se pelo menor IQA (Córrego Jurubatuba – IQA 58,81; Ribeirão João Leite – IQA 61,50; Córrego Bandeira – IQA 63,41; Córrego Jenipapo – IQA 65,22) ou pela significância ambiental ( Barramento no Reservatório do Ribeirão João Leite – IQA 75,12. Posteriormente, estes cinco (5) pontos foram monitorados bimestralmente em 2014 (3 coletas em período de chuva e 3 coletas em período de seca) analisando 100 (cem) parâmetros: 6 físicos (temperatura da água; transparência; cota; turbidez; cor aparente e verdadeira); 89 químicos (43 orgânicos, 23 metais, cafeína, sólidos totais, nitrogênio total, pH, condutividade, STD, cálcio, magnésio, cloreto, nitrato, nitrito, amônia, sulfato, carbono orgânico total, alcalinidade, dureza, oxigênio consumido, OD, DBO, demanda química de oxigênio, surfactante, ferro total e gás carbônico) e 5 biológicos (coliformes totais, Escherichia coli, clorofila-a, feofitina e fitoplâncton). A média anual dos dados obtidos evidenciou Índice de Qualidade da Água 65,80 (bom), Índice do Estado Trófico 52,93 (mesotrófico) e Índice de Comunidade Fitoplanctônica 2,20 (bom). Foi quantificada cafeína (0,315 mg.L-1 a 1,512 mg.L-1) em todos os pontos amostrados indicando contaminação na bacia por efluentes domésticos. O presente estudo demonstrou uma bacia resiliente com presença de fatores estressantes: micropoluentes (demeton, atrazina, glifosato, malation, metolacloro, tetracloreto de carbono, xileno, diclorometano, dicloroeteno, tolueno), elementos traços (As, Hg, Sb, Se, Cu, Fe, Al, Cr, Zn, Na, Cd, Co, B, Mn, Li, Ag, Be, V, Ni, U, Ba, Pb), organismos patogênicos (Escherichia coli, Microcystis sp.) e impactos de primeira ordem (desmatamento, presença de efluentes e resíduos sólidos) relacionados às atividades antrópicas desenvolvidas na região da bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão João Leite.
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Woodhead, Loo Wing-ping Marina, and 盧永平. "Environmental health policy implementation in Hong Kong: a study of cleansing services in the Urban ServicesDepartment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197496X.
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Robitaille, Cynthia. "Contraintes psychosociales au travail, responsabilités familiales et tension artérielle : une étude sur la double exposition." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25101/25101.pdf.
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Mopin, Clemence. "Stabilité du développement et stress environnemental : analyse morphométrique du fémur de l’homme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0068.
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Parmi les approches employées pour caractériser l’état sanitaire des populations antérieures, l’utilisation de l’asymétrie fluctuante (AF) pour rendre compte de la stabilité de développement (DS) du squelette est rare. Après plus d’un demi-siècle de recherches, la DS reste assez méconnue chez l’Homme. Aujourd’hui, les techniques de morphométrie géométrique permettent de quantifier plus finement les variations en analysant de nouveaux aspects morphologiques en 3D.Les objectifs de ce travail étaient:1-Déterminer si l’analyse morpho-géométrique de l’AF chez l’Homme permet de distinguer deux populations.2-Établir si cette distinction peut être attribuée à une différence d’état sanitaire.Les données de deux populations caractérisées par des contextes sanitaires distincts ont été confrontées. Deux échantillons de 70 paires de fémurs adultes d'âge et de sexe comparables ont été sélectionnés. Vingt-sept points-repères ont été positionnés sur chaque surface osseuse reconstruite en 3D. L’AF a été analysée en termes d’amplitude et de localisation sur le fémur.Finalement, cette analyse morpho-géométrique a permis de distinguer deux populations au contextes sanitaires distincts. La population la moins favorisée a exprimé un degré d’AF plus élevé. Considérant l’impact des facteurs potentiels de variation, le stress sanitaire explique le mieux les perturbations de la DS. Au vu de la localisation de l’AF sur le fémur, le facteur biomécanique semble aussi jouer un rôle relatif. Chez l’Homme, la localisation de l’asymétrie fluctuante peut donc être dirigée en partie par les contraintes biomécaniques, cependant son amplitude est principalement influencée par le stress sanitaireAmong the approaches used to characterize the health status in past populations, the use of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) to evaluate developmental stability (DS) in bone is rare. After more than half a century of research, DS remains relatively unknown in humans. Today, geometric morphometrics techniques offer new perspectives. It is now possible to quantify variations more precisely and approach them by analyzing a new morphological element: shape.The aim of this work was twofold:1-Determine whether the geometric morphometrics analysis of FA in humans can distinguish two populations.2-Determine whether this distinction can be attributed to a difference in health status.The data of two populations of known and distinct health statuses and environmental contexts were compared. Two samples of 70 pairs of adult femurs of comparable age and sex were selected. Two sets of 27 landmarks were placed on the 3D isosurfaces of each femur. FA was analyzed and characterized in terms of range of magnitude and pattern of expression in the femur.Finally, this geometric morphometrics analysis allowed to distinguish two populations that have developed under distinct environmental conditions. The population that experienced higher levels of stress expressed a higher degree of FA. After considering the impact of potential factors of variation, the health stress seems to best explain disturbances of DS. However, given its pattern of expression on the femur, the biomechanical factor seems to play also a relative role. Therefore, in humans, the pattern of expression of FA is directed in part by biomechanical constraints but its magnitude remains mostly influenced by health stress
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Roy, Véronique. "Le rôle atténuateur du soutien social dans l’effet du stress sur le fonctionnement immunitaire et les infections chez des femmes traitées en chimiothérapie pour un cancer du sein." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69243.
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Le présent mémoire doctoral visait à investiguer, en contexte naturel et chez des femmes atteintes d’un cancer du sein, l’effet d’atténuation du stress par le soutien social dans la relation entre le stress, le fonctionnement immunitaire et les infections pendant et après la chimiothérapie. Plus précisément, l’étude a d’abord examiné la relation entre les stresseurs liés au cancer mesurés avant la chimiothérapie et les infections évaluées pendant et après celle-ci. Par la suite, elle a évalué l’effet modérateur du soutien social dans la relation entre le stress et les infections pendant la chimiothérapie, puis l’effet de médiation du fonctionnement immunitaire de cette même relation. Enfin, l’effet de modération par le soutien social de la relation de médiation entre le stress, le fonctionnement immunitaire et les infections a été exploré. Le mémoire est une analyse secondaire d’une étude prospective et longitudinale menée auprès de 50 patientes sur le point de recevoir des traitements de chimiothérapie pour un cancer du sein. Le projet actuel analyse des données récoltées à trois temps de mesure de cette étude soit : 1) le prétraitement (T1), qui avait lieu au moins une semaine avant le début de la chimiothérapie; 2) le suivi post-traitement (T2), qui avait lieu de 10 à 14 jours après le dernier traitement de chimiothérapie; et 3) le suivi trois mois (T3). La perception de soutien social fonctionnel, le statut matrimonial et les stresseurs liés au cancer ont été évalués par questionnaire au T1. Pour évaluer les paramètres immunitaires, un prélèvement sanguin a été effectué au T2 et au T3. Enfin, les épisodes et les symptômes infectieux survenus depuis le dernier temps de mesure ont aussi été évalués au T2 et au T3. Des analyses de régression linéaire, ainsi que des modèles de modération, de médiation et de médiation modérée ont été réalisés pour tester les hypothèses. Il a été observé qu’un niveau de stress plus élevé avant la chimiothérapie était associé à une occurrence d'infections plus élevée pendant la chimiothérapie, mais pas trois mois plus tard. La relation entre le stress et les infections n'était pas significativement expliquée par les marqueurs immunitaires analysés (nombre absolu et pourcentage de neutrophiles, nombre et ratio de lymphocytes NK CD16+, CD56+ et CD16+/56+, nombre et ratio de lymphocytes T CD3 +). Un effet atténuateur modéré du soutien social (mesuré par le statut matrimonial seul et par une combinaison du statut matrimonial et du soutien perçu de la part des amis) de la relation entre le stress et le risque infectieux a été obtenu. La plus forte relation entre le stress et les infections a été observée chez les patientes célibataires qui rapportaient un soutien des amis plus faible, alors que la iii plus faible relation a été obtenue chez les patientes en couple rapportant un soutien plus élevé de la part des amis. Les résultats de l’étude suggèrent que les femmes qui vivent davantage de stress lié à leur cancer avant de recevoir les traitements de chimiothérapie sont plus à risque de développer des infections pendant ceux-ci. Le fait d’être en couple et de percevoir un soutien plus élevé de la part des amis auraient un effet atténuateur de l’impact délétère du stress sur le risque infectieux.
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Roy, Véronique. "Le rôle atténuateur du soutien social dans l'effet du stress sur le fonctionnement immunitaire et les infections chez des femmes traitées en chimiothérapie pour un cancer du sein." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69243.
Full textAbstract:
Le présent mémoire doctoral visait à investiguer, en contexte naturel et chez des femmes atteintes d'un cancer du sein, l'effet d'atténuation du stress par le soutien social dans la relation entre le stress, le fonctionnement immunitaire et les infections pendant et après la chimiothérapie. Plus précisément, l'étude a d'abord examiné la relation entre les stresseurs liés au cancer mesurés avant la chimiothérapie et les infections évaluées pendant et après celle-ci. Par la suite, elle a évalué l'effet modérateur du soutien social dans la relation entre le stress et les infections pendant la chimiothérapie, puis l'effet de médiation du fonctionnement immunitaire de cette même relation. Enfin, l'effet de modération par le soutien social de la relation de médiation entre le stress, le fonctionnement immunitaire et les infections a été exploré. Le mémoire est une analyse secondaire d'une étude prospective et longitudinale menée auprès de 50 patientes sur le point de recevoir des traitements de chimiothérapie pour un cancer du sein. Le projet actuel analyse des données récoltées à trois temps de mesure de cette étude soit : 1) le prétraitement (T1), qui avait lieu au moins une semaine avant le début de la chimiothérapie; 2) le suivi post-traitement (T2), qui avait lieu de 10 à 14 jours après le dernier traitement de chimiothérapie; et 3) le suivi trois mois (T3). La perception de soutien social fonctionnel, le statut matrimonial et les stresseurs liés au cancer ont été évalués par questionnaire au T1. Pour évaluer les paramètres immunitaires, un prélèvement sanguin a été effectué au T2 et au T3. Enfin, les épisodes et les symptômes infectieux survenus depuis le dernier temps de mesure ont aussi été évalués au T2 et au T3. Des analyses de régression linéaire, ainsi que des modèles de modération, de médiation et de médiation modérée ont été réalisés pour tester les hypothèses. Il a été observé qu'un niveau de stress plus élevé avant la chimiothérapie était associé à une occurrence d'infections plus élevée pendant la chimiothérapie, mais pas trois mois plus tard. La relation entre le stress et les infections n'était pas significativement expliquée par les marqueurs immunitaires analysés (nombre absolu et pourcentage de neutrophiles, nombre et ratio de lymphocytes NK CD16+, CD56+ et CD16+/56+, nombre et ratio de lymphocytes T CD3 +). Un effet atténuateur modéré du soutien social (mesuré par le statut matrimonial seul et par une combinaison du statut matrimonial et du soutien perçu de la part des amis) de la relation entre le stress et le risque infectieux a été obtenu. La plus forte relation entre le stress et les infections a été observée chez les patientes célibataires qui rapportaient un soutien des amis plus faible, alors que la iii plus faible relation a été obtenue chez les patientes en couple rapportant un soutien plus élevé de la part des amis. Les résultats de l'étude suggèrent que les femmes qui vivent davantage de stress lié à leur cancer avant de recevoir les traitements de chimiothérapie sont plus à risque de développer des infections pendant ceux-ci. Le fait d'être en couple et de percevoir un soutien plus élevé de la part des amis auraient un effet atténuateur de l'impact délétère du stress sur le risque infectieux.
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Lapointe, Julie. "Effet d'interaction entre les facteurs de risque posturaux et psychosociaux de l'environnement de travail sur la survenue des symptômes musculosquelettiques chez les utilisateurs de poste informatique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25661/25661.pdf.
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OBJECTIF : Évaluer la présence d’un effet d’interaction entre les facteurs de risque posturaux et psychosociaux de l’environnement de travail sur la proportion d’incidence des troubles musculosquelettiques (TMS) au cou et aux épaules, au bas du dos, et aux membres supérieurs, selon le genre. MÉTHODES : Les participants, composant une cohorte de 2 431 cols blancs, ont répondu à un questionnaire auto-administré. Les facteurs de risque posturaux du travail au poste informatique, les facteurs de risque psychosociaux de l’environnement de travail ainsi que plusieurs facteurs socio-démographiques et individuels ont été mesurés par ce questionnaire. Les modèles de la tension au travail de Karasek et du déséquilibre efforts-reconnaissance de Siegrist ont été utilisés pour caractériser l’environnement psychosocial du travail. Après un suivi de trois ans, la proportion d’incidence des TMS a été évaluée pour chacun des trois sites anatomiques étudiés. La fraction étiologique due à l’interaction et son intervalle de confiance à 95% ont été utilisés comme indicateurs de la présence d’interaction dans le modèle additif. RÉSULTATS : Une interaction significative entre les facteurs de risque posturaux et psychosociaux selon le modèle de la tension au travail a été observée chez les hommes pour les TMS au bas du dos. Deux interactions significatives entre les facteurs de risque posturaux et psychosociaux selon le modèle du déséquilibre efforts-reconnaissance ont été observées chez les femmes pour les TMS aux sites du cou et des épaules et des membres supérieurs. Plusieurs indications (non significatives) de la présence d’interaction ont également été observées. CONCLUSION : Ces résultats suggèrent que la présence simultanée des facteurs de risque posturaux et psychosociaux étudiés accroît l’effet pathogène individuel de chacun de ces facteurs. Ces résultats sont des plus encourageants pour le domaine de la santé et sécurité au travail puisque cela implique que le fait de retirer un de ces deux facteurs de risque, selon ce qui est possible de modifier pour un poste de travail, aura l’effet bénéfique additionnel d’éliminer la proportion d’incidence des TMS due à l’interaction.OBJECTIVE: To investigate interaction between psychosocial and postural work factors on the incidence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among a group of white-collar workers. METHODS: Psychosocial and postural work factors were assessed in a cohort of 2,431 white-collar workers (baseline participation: 76%, follow up participation: 91%). The job strain (Karasek’s) model and the effort-reward (Siegrist’s) model were used to characterize the psychosocial work environment. Postural factors related to Visual Display Unit work were assessed using a self-report questionnaire. Three years later, the incidence proportion of musculoskeletal symptoms at three different anatomical sites (shoulder-neck, lower back, and upper limbs) was estimated with a modified version of the Nordic questionnaire. Analyses were stratified for gender. Interaction was defined as a departure from the addition of individual risk factors and its importance was estimated with the attributable proportion due to interaction and its 95% interval. RESULTS: A significant interaction between job strain and postural factors was observed for men for the lower back. Two significant interactions between effort-reward and postural factors were observed for women in the shoulder-neck and the upper limbs regions. Several indications of interaction between psychosocial and postural work factors were observed. CONCLUSION: The simultaneous presence of postural and psychosocial risk factors seems to increase the individual pathogenic effect of each risk factor on the incidence of musculoskeletal symptoms. This interaction effect is of primary importance for work intervention practices as it means that succeeding to reduce anyone of these two risk factors will likely have the additional benefit to reduce the interaction effect of the incidence proportion of musculoskeletal symptoms.
Inscrite au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
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Bellezoni, Rodrigo Augusto [UNESP]. "Caracterização de impacto ambiental no solo em um aterro de pequeno porte." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98292.
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bellezoni_ra_me_bauru.pdf: 3031269 bytes, checksum: fb9929ec904e2ea3a2320a92f75db9df (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A disposição de resíduos sólidos no solo gera frequentes preocupações ambientais, sociais e de saúde pública. Os aterros sanitários de pequeno porte são uma alternativa sugerida por órgãos ambientais no Estado de SP para que pequenos municípios possam destinar seus resíduos de forma ambientalmente segura, a custos reduzidos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar, sob a análise de aspectos físicos e geofísicos, se este mecanismo possui capacidade em conter os líquidos percolados das colunas de resíduos, evitando riscos de contaminação no solo e águas subterrâneas. Para tanto, características físicas da área de influência do aterro foram determinadas com auxílio de mapas, assim como as características físicas foram determinadas através de ensaios padrão. O método da Eletrorresistividade foi empregado para caracterizar o solo em subsuperfície e estimar sua capacidade na atenuação de contaminantes. Os resultados mostraram o potencial de aplicação deste método, através da relação entre elevada carga iônica e baixa resistividade elétrica, definindo com clareza o limite das plumas de contaminantes. O chorume ocorre em grande parte das valas mais recentes, devido à etapa de decomposição. Valas antigas apresentaram tendência de aumento na resistividade, significando queda na geração de chorume, concomitante ao aumento do tempo de resistividade dos resíduos. Assim, a zona de influência dos resíduos limitou-se à 20 m da área de disposição no plano horizontal e até 8,5 em profundidade. As propriedades físico-químicas do solo argiloso local influenciaram o comportamento da pluma de contaminantes, visto a redução destas ao longo do tempo. Destacam-se o mineral de argila e a granulometria como os possíveis principais responsáveis pela atenuação natural dos contaminantes. Em alguns...
The disposal of solid waste in the soil often creates environmental, social and public health concerns. Small landfills are an alternative suggestion by environmental agencies in the State of São Paulo so small cities direct their waste in an environmentally safe manner, at costs. This research is aimed to evaluate, under the analysis of physical and geophysical concepts, if this mechanism has the capacity to contain lanchated liquid from the columns of waste, avoiding risks of contamination in soil and groundwater. Thus, physical characteristics of landfill catchment area were determined with the aid of maps, as well as the physical characteristics of the local soil were determined by standard assays. The Electrical Resistivity method was employed to characterize the subsoil and to estimate its ability to attenuate contaminants. The results showed the potential application of this method through the relationship between hhigh ionic charge and low resistivity, defining clearly the limits of contaminant plumes. Leachate occurs largely in the more recent dithes, due to the decomposition phase. Older ditches tended to increase in resistivity; it means decrease of leachate generation, as well the increase of waste time residence. Thus, the waste influence zone was limited to 10 m of the disposal area in the horizontal plane and up to 8.5 m in depth. The physicochemical properties of the clay soil spot have influenced the contaminants plume behavior, to reduce it along the time. Emphasizing this are the clay mineral and grain size held as possible primary accountable for natural attenuation of contaminants. At some ponts, it is estimated that the layer of unsaturated soil under the ditches be less that one meter, it does not comply the criteria for exemption of additional waterproofing, established in NBR 15.849:2010 Municipal solid waste... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Bellezoni, Rodrigo Augusto. "Caracterização de impacto ambiental no solo em um aterro de pequeno porte /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98292.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Jorge HamadaBanca: Ana Silvia Palcheco Peixoto
Banca: Vagner Roberto Elis
Resumo: A disposição de resíduos sólidos no solo gera frequentes preocupações ambientais, sociais e de saúde pública. Os aterros sanitários de pequeno porte são uma alternativa sugerida por órgãos ambientais no Estado de SP para que pequenos municípios possam destinar seus resíduos de forma ambientalmente segura, a custos reduzidos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar, sob a análise de aspectos físicos e geofísicos, se este mecanismo possui capacidade em conter os líquidos percolados das colunas de resíduos, evitando riscos de contaminação no solo e águas subterrâneas. Para tanto, características físicas da área de influência do aterro foram determinadas com auxílio de mapas, assim como as características físicas foram determinadas através de ensaios padrão. O método da Eletrorresistividade foi empregado para caracterizar o solo em subsuperfície e estimar sua capacidade na atenuação de contaminantes. Os resultados mostraram o potencial de aplicação deste método, através da relação entre elevada carga iônica e baixa resistividade elétrica, definindo com clareza o limite das plumas de contaminantes. O chorume ocorre em grande parte das valas mais recentes, devido à etapa de decomposição. Valas antigas apresentaram tendência de aumento na resistividade, significando queda na geração de chorume, concomitante ao aumento do tempo de resistividade dos resíduos. Assim, a zona de influência dos resíduos limitou-se à 20 m da área de disposição no plano horizontal e até 8,5 em profundidade. As propriedades físico-químicas do solo argiloso local influenciaram o comportamento da pluma de contaminantes, visto a redução destas ao longo do tempo. Destacam-se o mineral de argila e a granulometria como os possíveis principais responsáveis pela atenuação natural dos contaminantes. Em alguns... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The disposal of solid waste in the soil often creates environmental, social and public health concerns. Small landfills are an alternative suggestion by environmental agencies in the State of São Paulo so small cities direct their waste in an environmentally safe manner, at costs. This research is aimed to evaluate, under the analysis of physical and geophysical concepts, if this mechanism has the capacity to contain lanchated liquid from the columns of waste, avoiding risks of contamination in soil and groundwater. Thus, physical characteristics of landfill catchment area were determined with the aid of maps, as well as the physical characteristics of the local soil were determined by standard assays. The Electrical Resistivity method was employed to characterize the subsoil and to estimate its ability to attenuate contaminants. The results showed the potential application of this method through the relationship between hhigh ionic charge and low resistivity, defining clearly the limits of contaminant plumes. Leachate occurs largely in the more recent dithes, due to the decomposition phase. Older ditches tended to increase in resistivity; it means decrease of leachate generation, as well the increase of waste time residence. Thus, the waste influence zone was limited to 10 m of the disposal area in the horizontal plane and up to 8.5 m in depth. The physicochemical properties of the clay soil spot have influenced the contaminants plume behavior, to reduce it along the time. Emphasizing this are the clay mineral and grain size held as possible primary accountable for natural attenuation of contaminants. At some ponts, it is estimated that the layer of unsaturated soil under the ditches be less that one meter, it does not comply the criteria for exemption of additional waterproofing, established in NBR 15.849:2010 Municipal solid waste... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Curi, Jacqueline Duarte do Pateo. "Condições microbiológicas de lanches (cachorro quente) adquiridos de vendedores ambulantes, localizados na parte central da cidade de Limeira - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-16012007-153830/.
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O comércio de alimentos prontos para o consumo por vendedores ambulantes pode se constituir num alto risco para a saúde dos consumidores, visto que as pessoas envolvidas nesta atividade geralmente não têm preparo para a manipulação correta de alimentos. Neste trabalho foram investigadas as condições de preparo e a qualidade higiênico-sanitária de lanches (cachorro-quente) comercializados por vendedores ambulantes de Limeira-SP. Foram colhidas 5 amostras de 10 estabelecimentos centrais cadastrados na Vigilância Sanitária, coletadas em dias diferentes. Nos cachorros-quentes foram realizadas contagens de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, Coliformes totais, Coliformes a 45°C, Clostridium sulfito-redutor, Bacillus cereus e investigada a presença de Salmonella spp. Entre as 50 amostras de cachorros-quentes analisadas, 34% estavam fora do padrão para Staphylococcus coagulase positiva. Em nenhuma amostra foi detectada a presença de Salmonella spp. e de Clostridium sulfitoredutor. As contagens de Coliformes totais, Coliformes a 45°C e Bacillus cereus estavam dentro dos valores permitidos. Os resultados obtidos através de uma Ficha de Inspeção de Estabelecimento não foram muito satisfatórios, o que pode ter contribuído para a presença de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva em números acima dos tolerados em aproximadamente 1/3 das amostras analisadas, bem como para a presença de Coliformes fecais. Recomenda-se regulamentar a atividade de ambulantes e investir em educação e melhoria da infra-estrutura para se evitar ou minimizar riscos de toxinfecções alimentares através do consumo de alimentos comercializados em vias públicas.The commercialization of ready-made food by street vendors can constitute a high risk to consumer?s health, as the people involved in this kind of activity, generally, have no training in correct food handling. In this paper, preparation conditions and sanitaryhygienic quality of sandwiches (hot dogs) sold by street vendors in Limeira/SP were analyzed. Five samples were taken from 10 vending carts registered at Sanitary Vigilance in the central area of the town and they were collected in different days. Counts were made on hot dog samples for Staphylococcus coagulase positive, total Coliforms, Coliforms at 45ºC, Clostridium sulfite reducers, Bacillus cereus, and it was analyzed the presence of Salmonella spp. From the 50 samples of hot dogs tested, 34% did not reach the standard for Staphylococcus coagulase positive. In none of the samples was detected the presence of Salmonella spp. and Clostridium sulfite reducers. The counts on total Coliforms, Coliforms at 45ºC and Bacillus cereus were within permitted values. The results obtained through the Inspection Form were not very satisfactory, which could have contributed to the high percentage of contaminated samples with Staphylococcus coagulase positive in numbers above of the tolerated ones showed in approximately 1/3 of the analyzed samples, besides the presence of fecal Coliforms. It is recommended to regulate the street food vending activities, invest in training and improve infrastructure to avoid or minimize risks of alimentary toxinfection in the commercialized food in public streets.
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Esbell, Diane Macedo. "Influência do deságue do sistema de lagoas de estabilização na quantidade de nutrientes no Igarapé Grande, Boa Vista, Roraima." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2006. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=27.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe Igrarapé (small streams) Grande, in Boa Vista, Roraima, is the receiving body of the wasterwater generated starting from the waste stabilization ponds, system of treatment of the sanitary sewers of part of the city. By the hypothesis that the spilling of those wasterwater in referred him body of water contributes so that the same presents physiochemical characteristics that you/they implicate in her degradation, lasting long in a similar way for good part of the course of water, mainly in the mount of nutrients, a manegament hydric resouses the behavior of physiochemical parameters was accomplished in that hydric body by the whole year 2005
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Huyghebaert, Tiphaine. "Déterminants organisationnels de la santé psychologique, d'attitudes et de comportements critiques des professionnels du secteur sanitaire, social, et médico-social : les besoins psychologiques comme mécanismes explicatifs." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2008/document.
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L’objectif général de ce travail doctoral était d’identifier des leviers d’action permettant de préserver la santé psychologique des travailleurs, de réduire certaines de leurs attitudes et comportements néfastes pour les organisations de santé, et de comprendre les mécanismes explicatifs de ces relations. La première étude a démontré que le climat de sécurité psychosociale (i.e., PSC) était négativement associé au conflit travail-famille (i.e., WFC) et aux intentions de turnover des soignants via la frustration des besoins psychologiques. La seconde étude a mis en évidence que le PSC, via son influence sur la frustration des besoins, était associé à une réduction du burnout des soignants trois mois plus tard qui expliquait à son tour une augmentation du WFC et des intentions de turnover. La troisième étude a démontré que la dissonance émotionnelle et les ressources organisationnelles influençaient le manque de détachement psychologique et l’engagement au travail des professionnels d’encadrement au terme d’une période de trois mois, via leurs effets sur la frustration et la satisfaction des besoins. Ces trois études enrichissent la littérature scientifique sur la théorie de l’autodétermination en contexte de travail et alimentent la réflexion sur les pratiques organisationnelles susceptibles de modifier durablement l’expérience professionnelle des salariés du secteurThe general purpose of this doctoral dissertation was to contribute to identify triggers to preserve workers’ psychological health and reduce some of their negative attitudes and behaviors which appear to be harmful to healthcare organizations. Moreover, we aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying such effects. Study 1 used a cross-sectional design to demonstrate that psychosocial safety climate (i.e., PSC) was negatively related to nursing staff’s work-family conflict (i.e., WFC) and turnover intentions, through the mediation of psychological need thwarting. Study 2 developed these results by showing how PSC, through its influence on psychological need thwarting, related to a decrease in burnout three months later. Burnout itself explained an increase in WFC and turnover intentions. Study 3 focused on managers’ psychological health and found that emotional dissonance and organizational resources influenced managers lack of psychological detachment and work engagement three months later, through psychological need thwarting and satisfaction. Altogether, these studies contribute to self-determination theory in the work setting and offer some perspectives on organizational practices that could lastingly alter healthcare employees’ professional experience
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Satelles, José Lopes. "Influência do lançamento do efluente da estação de tratamento de esgoto doméstico no igarapé Grande em Boa Vista/RR." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2011. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=59.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorO corpo hídrico, objeto deste estudo, o igarapé Grande, localiza-se no Município de Boa Vista, Estado de Roraima, na região Norte do Brasil. O igarapé Grande possui como afluente à sua margem direita, o igarapé da Paca, tendo sua foz no rio Branco. O presente estudo visa avaliar, através da determinação de parâmetros físico-químicos e biológico (clorofila-a) o nível de contaminação do Igarapé Grande após receber efluente da ETE/Boa Vista-RR e o impacto ambiental causado pelo aporte de substâncias no igarapé e possivelmente no rio Branco. Na realização deste estudo foram selecionados seis pontos de coletas considerados estratégicos para o alcance dos objetivos propostos. Foram analisados os parâmetros: cor, turbidez, condutividade, pH, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, nitrito, amônia, fósforo total, cloreto, DBO5, DQO, clorofila-a, cobre, manganês, zinco, ferro e níquel. As técnicas de coleta, transporte e preservação e análises das amostras obedeceram às recomendações da NBR n 9898 de junho de 1987 e os métodos padrões descritos no Standart Methods for Examination of Water and Wasterwater. Através das observações realizadas pode-se verificar que o igarapé sofre o impacto humano através da retirada da cobertura vegetal, impermeabilização do solo pela ocupação das imediações e lançamentos de agentes poluidores. Através dos resultados, com exceção das espécies metálicas, foi possível confirmar o impacto do lançamento do efluente sobre igarapé Grande. Parâmetros como fósforo, amônia, nitrito e clorofila-a demonstraram que o igarapé Grande não possui capacidade de assimilação, em especial nos períodos de seca, dos nutrientes e espécies contaminantes durante o percurso até a sua foz no rio Branco.
The water body, the object of this study, the creek Grande, located in the city of Boa Vista, Roraima, in northern Brazil. The river has as large tributary to the right bank of the creek Paca, and his mouth in the rio Branco. This study aims to evaluate, through the determination of physico-chemical and biological (chlorophyll-a) the level of contamination of the igarapé Grande after receiving STP effluent/Boa Vista-RR and the environmental impact caused by the injection of substances into the creek and possibly in rio Branco. In this study we selected six collection points considered strategic to the achievement of objectives. Parameters were assessed: color, turbidity, conductivity, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite, ammonia, total phosphorus, chloride, BOD5, COD, chlorophyll-a, copper, manganese, zinc, iron and nickel. The techniques of collection, transportation and preservation of samples and analysis followed the recommendations of the NBR N. 9898 of June 1987 and the standard methods described in Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wasterwater. Through the observations can be verified that the stream is impacted by human removal of vegetation, soil sealing by the occupation of the surroundings and releases of pollutants. Through the results, with the exception of metal species, it was possible to confirm the impact of effluent discharge on igarapé Grande. Parameters such as phosphorus, ammonia, nitrite and chlorophyll-a showed that the creek does not have great capacity to assimilate, especially in periods of drought, nutrient and contaminant species en route to its mouth on the rio Branco.
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Oliveira, Thaís Helena Nishikata de. "Diferentes olhares sobre o comércio de alimentos na Universidade de São Paulo/Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-13012015-094458/.
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A presente dissertação, apresentada em dois estudos, buscou verificar as condições de boas práticas de higiene e manipulação (BPHM) e de infraestrutura (IE) de oito restaurantes/lanchonetes e de sete pontos de comércio ambulante localizados na Cidade Universitária Armando de Salles Oliveira (CUASO-USP) e a qualidade higiênico-sanitária de 45 amostras de alimentos prontos para o consumo colhidas nos mesmos. O primeiro estudo traz uma abordagem exploratória e qualitativa através da aplicação de listas de verificação; o segundo analisa laboratorialmente aspectos higiênico-sanitários dos alimentos comercializados pelos estabelecimentos alvo do estudo anterior. Concluiu-se que 1) os estabelecimentos de comércio alimentício da CUASO-USP apresentaram índices regulares de cumprimento de BPHM e adequação de IE, sendo que o eixo de higiene e manipulação de alimentos mostrou-se em melhor situação quando comparado ao de infraestrutura; 2) os ambulantes analisados apresentaram melhores resultados no cumprimento das normas de BPHM e IE e na avaliação das condições higiênico-sanitárias quando comparados aos estabelecimentos fixos de comércio alimentício. Constatou-se que é possível a prática do comércio de alimentos de rua com qualidade higiênico-sanitária, sem caracterizar uma ameaça à saúde publica, desde que o empreendedor conheça e aplique os procedimentos necessários e críticos à obtenção da garantia dos produtos comercializados, assumindo responsabilidade social ao realizar o seu modo de produção mercantil simples, porém comprometido moralmente com a sociedade.This investigate, presented in two studies, examined the good hygiene practices and handling (GHPH) and the infrastructure (IS) conditions from eight restaurants and seven street vendors located in University City Armando de Salles Oliveira (UCASO-USP) and the sanitary conditions of 45 samples of ready to eat food harvested in them. The first study provides an exploratory and qualitative approach through the application of checklists; the second laboratory analyzes the hygienic and sanitary aspects of the food sold by the previously discussed establishments. We concluded that 1) the UCASO-USP food trade establishments showed regular compliance rates of GHPH and appropriateness of IS, and the axis of hygiene and food handling proved to be better off compared to the infrastructure; 2) the street vendors analyzed showed better results in meeting the GHPH and IS standards and in the evaluation of sanitary conditions when compared to fixed establishments of food trade. It was found that it is possible to practice the street foods trade in sanitary conditions, without characterizing a public health threat, provided that the enterprising know and apply the necessary and critical procedures to obtaining the products marketed assurance, with social responsibility while make their commodity production simple mode.
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Bélanger, Marie-Claire. "Statut redox, inflammatoire et métabolique chez une population inuit : effets d'une alimentation traditionnelle riche en acides gras omega-3 et en sélénium, mais contaminée par du mercure et des biphényles polychlorés." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24288/24288.pdf.
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Une étude épidémiologique menée en 1992 chez les Inuit du Nunavik rapportait une faible prévalence des maladies coronariennes et du diabète de type 2, probablement grâce à la consommation d’acides gras oméga-3, dont les apports sont élevés dans l’alimentation traditionnelle. Par ailleurs, cette même alimentation est source d’exposition aux contaminants environnementaux comme les biphényles polychlorés (BPC) et le méthyle mercure (MeHg). La première hypothèse de l’étude était que ces contaminants environnementaux pourraient induire un stress oxydant et ainsi contribuer au risque de maladies cardiovasculaires. Par ailleurs, la seconde hypothèse de l’étude suggère que la consommation de cette alimentation traditionnelle pourrait avoir des effets bénéfiques pour la santé malgré tout, grâce aux acides gras oméga-3 et au sélénium, également contenus dans l’alimentation traditionnelle. L’initiation de la recherche sur les contaminants environnementaux chez la population Inuit a mis en lumière une autre variable pouvant affecter la santé des Inuit : la prévalence élevée de l’obésité. En effet, suite à l’observation que plusieurs participants souffraient d’obésité, il a été suggéré d’effectuer certaines mesures afin de caractériser le syndrome métabolique, le statut inflammatoire et la fonction endothéliale chez cette population afin de discriminer les effets potentiellement délétères des contaminants des effets reliés à l’obésité. De la même manière, les effets des acides gras oméga-3 sur les composantes du syndrome métabolique ont été investigués. Les résultats obtenus rapportent, d’abord, que les contaminants n’ont pas un impact direct sur le stress oxydant tel que mesuré dans cette population, malgré que les BPC étaient associés à la lipoprotéine de faible densité (LDL) oxydée. En effet, les contaminants stimuleraient plutôt la défense antioxydante. Par ailleurs, une association positive entre les acides gras oméga-3 et la glycémie à jeun suggère que l’introduction d’une alimentation occidentale riche en sucre raffiné pourrait induire l’expression d’une hyperglycémie et d’une hyperinsulinémie sans la dyslipidémie habituellement rapportée chez les Caucasiens. En effet, le profil lipidique des Inuit restait favorable avec des triglycérides et des acides gras libres faibles et une concentration de cholestérol de haute densité (HDL) élevée. De plus, près de la moitié des sujets étudiés présentaient une hyperinsulinémie à jeun, sans toutefois démontrer une inflammation périphérique et une dysfonction endothéliale, conditions habituellement rencontrées lors de l’hyperinsulinémie.The Inuit of Nunavik are exposed by their traditional diet to environmental contaminants including methylmercury (MeHg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), at levels potentially noxious for health. Nevertheless, this diet is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and selenium. We formulated the hypothesis that these dietary factors could have beneficial effects counteracting the potentially pro-oxidant effects of contaminants. An epidemiological study conducted in 1992 retrieved a relatively low prevalence of ischemic heart diseases and type 2 diabetes in these Inuit, maybe because of their high consumption of omega-3 fatty acids. The initiation of research on the Inuit and environmental contaminants to which they are exposed to revealed another factor that might affect their health: a high prevalence of obesity. In fact, the observation that several participants suffered from obesity lead us to carry out relevant measurements in order to assess metabolic syndrome components, the inflammatory status and endothelial function in this population, in an attempt to distinguish the potentially harmful effects linked to obesity from those linked to contaminants. The potential effects of omega-3 fatty acids on the components of the metabolic syndrome have therefore also been investigated. Our results indicate, firstly, that the observed levels of contaminants had no evident oxidant effect detectable at the level of the redox couples of vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 in these Inuit. The contaminants were nevertheless associated with an increase of low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and a stimulation of the antioxidant defenses. Besides, a positive association between omega-3 fatty acids and fasting blood glucose suggests that the introduction of a western diet rich in refined sugars could induce the expression of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia phenotypes without concomitant dyslipidemia usually reported for Caucasians. In fact, the lipid profile of the Inuit remained favourable, characterized by low levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids, and high levels of HDL cholesterol. Moreover, close to half of the studied subjects presented a fasting hyperinsulinemia, without evidence of peripheral inflammation or endothelial dysfunction, which are conditions usually met in hyperinsulinemic and obese Caucasians.
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Deslauriers, Jean-Simon. "Action en santé mentale au travail et syndicalisme québécois : l'expérience de représentants syndicaux." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27171.
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Dans certains milieux syndicaux québécois, des initiatives porteuses destinées à prévenir les problèmes de santé mentale au travail ont vu le jour. Des représentants syndicaux pionniers ont mis en place des structures d’entraide opérantes, obtenu des jurisprudences importantes et développé des approches innovantes pour corriger ou bonifier l’organisation du travail, et ce depuis plus de trois décennies. Alors que la montée de l’idéologie néolibérale et les principes d’organisation du travail qu’elle sous-tend engendrent une intensification du travail qui fragilise la psyché des travailleurs et que le rapport de force des syndicats s’effrite, il apparaît porteur d’interroger l’expérience de ces représentants syndicaux pour mieux comprendre comment se structure l’action syndicale en santé mentale au travail. Cette thèse fait l’étude de réalisations syndicales québécoises en matière de santé mentale au travail visant à prévenir et à corriger les problèmes de détresse psychologique, d’épuisement professionnel, de harcèlement, de dépression, de violence, de suicides reliés au travail, etc. Pour ce faire, un cadre théorique mixte a été utilisé. D’une part, une perspective large a été adoptée pour comprendre les enjeux entourant les rapports humains au travail et l’action. Pour ce faire, quatre auteurs influents de la philosophie des Lumières et de la philosophie contemporaine ont été sélectionnés, soit Thomas Hobbes, Adam Smith, Karl Marx et Hannah Arendt. Dégager ces différentes perspectives du monde, de l’action et du lien social avait pour objectif de mettre en place une grille d’analyse susceptible de relier l’expérience de représentants syndicaux à ces visions du monde. Il est apparu essentiel de mieux saisir les bases idéologiques sur lesquelles ces derniers ont construit leur action pour comprendre comment elles ont influencé leur démarche singulière et collective. D’autre part, la théorie de l’expérience sociale a été retenue (Dubet, 2009; 1994) pour analyser plus finement le travail des représentant syndicaux. Celle-ci distingue trois logiques d’action complémentaires et en tension avec lesquelles doivent composer les acteurs sociaux : une logique d’intégration, une logique stratégique et logique appuyée sur la subjectivation. La coexistence de ces trois logiques signifie que l’expérience que les individus font du monde n’est pas une simple reproduction de déterminismes qui les précèdent. Les acteurs sont aussi sujets de leur expérience et capables de prendre une distance du social pour comprendre les significations de leur agir; ils s’inscrivent dans le monde dans une dialectique critique. Cette théorie apporte un éclairage permettant de dégager à la fois ce qui freine et ce qui facilite l’action individuelle et collective en matière de santé mentale au travail et de décrire comment des représentants syndicaux se mobilisent pour répondre aux nombreuses attentes des membres. Cette recherche qualitative s’est appuyée sur une méthodologie de récit de vie (Rhéaume 2008; Bertaux 2006). Vingt représentants syndicaux ont témoigné de la souffrance au travail (Dejours, 2008) vécue par leurs membres et ont présenté des actions déployées pour leur venir en aide. Les réalités décrites par les participants montrent comment certains éléments de l'organisation du travail sont associés à des expériences de domination (Martuccelli, 2004): les méfaits du productivisme et de l’hyperflexibilité, les accidents de travail, les maladies professionnelles et les situations d’horreur au travail, les rapports sociaux au travail devenus délétères et les utilisations abusives de l’appareil judiciaire. L’étude démontre aussi à quel point des initiatives portées par des représentants syndicaux contribuent à une résolution de problèmes dans une perspective d’interdépendance, de développement du pouvoir d'agir, de justice sociale et de lutte pour la dignité. Quatre catégories d’initiatives ont été retenues : l’entretien du lien social dans l’entraide au quotidien, la défense juridique et légale des membres, les clauses de convention collective et les actions sur l’organisation du travail. Enfin, la recherche dégage trois profils de représentants syndicaux : la militance qui tente de former un nous, la professionnalisation qui tente de faire reconnaitre son utilité et sa compétence, et l’entraide qui cherche à développer une action engageant le Je. Leur rencontre laisse entrevoir le développement d’une praxis syndicale qui vise à promouvoir et protéger la dignité du travail et des travailleurs.In some of Quebec’s unionized sectors, important initiatives have been deployed in order to prevent mental health problems in the workplace. For over three decades, visionary union representatives have built working peer assistance structures, won important legal struggles and have developed innovative approaches aiming to correct or improve work organization. As the neoliberal ideology and its related work organization principles contribute to intensify work, leading to a weakening of the workers psyche, and as the balance of power favors employers more and more, it seems like an opportune time to survey the experience of those visionary union representatives in order to get a better understanding of union actions regarding mental health in the workplace and its structuring process. This thesis studies Quebec’s union initiatives concerning mental health in the workplace and aiming to prevent and correct problems like psychological distress, burnout, harassment, depression, violence, work related suicide, etc. In order to achieve this objective, a mixed theoretical approach is used. On the one hand, a large philosophical perspective is adopted. Authors Thomas Hobbes, Adam Smith, Karl Marx and Hannah Arendt are referred to in order to forge a better understanding of human interactions and action. By extracting their respective views of the world, of action and of social link, an analytic model is built, which could tie the life experience of union representatives to these different views, therefore achieving a better understanding of the ideological basis on which they built up their action and how it had influenced their individual and collective history. On the other hand, the social experience theory (Dubet, 2009; 1994) is selected as a way to analyze more precisely the work of union representatives. This theory identifies three logics of action, all complementary and in tension with one another, with which all social actors must deal with: integration, strategy and subjectivation. The coexistence of these three logics means that the actor’s experience of the living world is not a simple reproduction mechanism, applying social determination learned from their predecessors. Actors are also subjects of their own experiences and capable of distancing themselves from their own socialization in order to understand their act; they take place in the world in a critic dialectic. This theory sheds a light on what eases or restrains individual and collective action in regard to mental health in the workplace and describes how union representatives mobilize themselves in order to respond to the many needs of their members. This qualitative research uses a life trajectory methodology (Rhéaume 2008; Bertaux 2006). Twenty union representatives describe the suffering work experiences (Dejours, 2008) lived by workers and present initiatives they deployed in order to help them. The situations described by the participants show how some work organization elements are linked to domination experiences (Martuccelli, 2004) and have impacts on mental health in the workplace: the collateral damage of productivism and hyperflexibility, occupational injuries, occupational diseases and horror situations in the workplace, pernicious workplace social dynamics and abusive uses of the judicial system. The study also demonstrates the extent to which union initiatives contribute to solve these problems and the key factors in that regard: interdependence, empowerment, social justice and struggle for dignity. Four categories have been forged to describe those initiatives: social link care with peer assistance, legal defense, collective agreement clauses and actions targeting the work organization. Finally, the thesis presents three union representative profiles: militance which tries to build an us in the workplace, professionalization which tries to have its utility and competence recognized, and the peer assistants which aims to develop an action centered on the self. Their meeting shows the development of a union praxis which promotes and protects dignity of work and workers.
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Silva, Maria Madalena Alves de Oliveira. "Simulação da cobrança pelo uso da água subterrânea." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/426.
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The search for groundwater for different uses has been increasing especially in urban centers, highlighting the need for an efficient and sustainable management. The charge for the use of water, established by Law 9.433/97, is an important management tool, which aims at providing economic value to water and in doing so, stimulate the rational use and generate financial resources for investment in the recovery and preservation of the watershed. Therefore, this study has as a main objective the simulation of charging for the use of groundwater, according to the collection of taxes and economic perspectives in Maceió/AL-Brazil, based on the identification of users, criteria selection for charging, simulation of collection potential, impact assessment and acceptability of charging. In order to achieve this objective, the research broached existing laws related to the topic, national and international experiences of charging for the use of water and the main methods of price fixing. The basin studied was Reginaldo stream basin, which is completely inserted in the urban area of the city of Maceió, with an area of 26.86 square kilometers. The results showed that the application of different methods for setting prices for the collection of groundwater in the studied area presented quite different values. The different simulations indicated that the charging in Reginaldo stream basin is feasible from a financial perspective. In general, most interviewees are willing to pay to have water continuously and good for several uses.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas
A busca pelas águas subterrâneas para os mais diversos usos vem aumentando a cada dia, principalmente nos centros urbanos, evidenciando a necessidade de uma gestão eficiente e sustentável. A cobrança pelo uso da água, instituída pela Lei 9.433/97, é um importante instrumento de gestão, que tem como meta dotar a água de valor econômico e assim estimular o seu uso racional, além de gerar recursos financeiros para investimentos na recuperação e preservação da bacia hidrográfica. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral a simulação da cobrança pelo uso da água subterrânea, segundo as óticas arrecadatória e econômica, na cidade de Maceió/AL-Brasil, a partir da identificação dos usuários, seleção de critérios para a cobrança, simulação do potencial de arrecadação, avaliação dos impactos e aceitabilidade da cobrança. Para tanto, a pesquisa abordou as legislações vigentes relacionadas ao tema, algumas experiências nacionais e internacionais de cobrança pelo uso da água e os principais métodos de precificação. A bacia de estudo foi a bacia do Riacho Reginaldo, que se encontra totalmente inserida na área urbana da cidade de Maceió/AL, com uma área de 26,86 km². Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a aplicação dos diferentes métodos para definição de preços para a cobrança da água subterrânea na área em estudo, apresentou valores bastante diferenciados. As diferentes simulações realizadas mostraram que a cobrança na bacia do Riacho Reginaldo é viável do ponto de vista financeiro. De um modo geral, a maioria dos entrevistados está disposta a pagar para ter água continuamente e de boa qualidade para as utilidades diversas.
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Barausse, Alberto. "The integrated functioning of marine ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421989.
Full textAbstract:
An ecosystem-based approach to the management of marine ecosystems is the goal of the recent European Integrated Maritime Policy, known as the Blue Book (2007), shortly followed by the new Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC). It is recognized that management should take into account the processes taking place within, and the interactions between ecological, social and economic systems to be effective and sustainable. Yet a quantitative knowledge about such processes and the interactions between marine ecosystems and socio-economic systems is often weak or lacking.
The goal of this thesis is to explore how pressures exerted on large-scale marine ecosystems translate into state changes. The focus is on multiple pressures, and on both populations and ecosystems, i.e. on the integrated functioning of marine ecosystems. Both anthropogenic pressures, such as fishing or nutrient enrichment, and natural ones, such as climate and environmental variability, are taken into account, mainly based on the Northern Adriatic Sea case study. The Northern Adriatic Sea is a data-rich Mediterranean basin, eutrophic, heavily fished, strongly influenced by climate, and with a long history of human pressures acting on it.
Different methodologies are used in a complementary manner, such as conceptual models, ecological network analysis applied to a static trophic network model, timeseries analysis, population models, review of historical data, and meta-analysis of macroecological patterns. Case studies include species of commercial importance such as small pelagics or crabs, or charismatic predators such as sharks and skates.
Based on the study of the functioning of marine ecosystems from many different points of view, the main conclusion of this work is that an ecosystem-based approach is indeed necessary to manage marine ecosystems. The reason is that multiple interacting factors, including but not limited to external pressures, can and do influence ecosystem functioning “bottom up”, “top down”, as well as from the middle of the system.Un approccio ecosistemico alla gestione degli ecosistemi marini è l’obiettivo della recente Politica Marittima Integrata per l’Unione Europea, nota come Blue Book (2007), seguita a breve dalla nuova Direttiva Quadro sulla Strategia per l’Ambiente Marino (2008/56/EC). Vi si riconosce che, per esercitare una gestione efficace e sostenibile, si devono considerare i processi che si svolgono all’interno dei sistemi ecologici, sociali ed economici, e le interazioni fra tali sistemi. Tuttavia, una conoscenza quantitativa di tali processi e delle interazioni fra gli ecosistemi marini e i sistemi socio-economici è spesso scarsa, se non del tutto mancante. Lo scopo di questa tesi è comprendere meglio come le pressioni agenti su ecosistemi marini a larga scala portino a cambiamenti di stato. Ci si è concentrati su pressioni multiple, e sia su popolazioni che ecosistemi, ovvero sul funzionamento integrato degli ecosistemi marini. Sono state considerate sia pressioni di origine antropica come pesca ed apporti di nutrienti, che naturali come la variabilità climatica ed ambientale, basandosi principalmente sul caso di studio dell’Adriatico Settentrionale. L’Adriatico Settentrionale è un bacino del Mar Mediterraneo caratterizzato da abbondanza di dati utilizzabili a scopo scientifico, ed è un ecosistema eutrofico, intensamente sfruttato dalla pesca, fortemente influenzato dal clima, ed è sottoposto a pressioni antropiche da lungo tempo. Si sono utilizzate in maniera complementare differenti metodiche, fra cui modelli concettuali, l’analisi di reti ecologiche (Ecological Network Analysis) applicata ad un modello statico di rete trofica, l’analisi di serie temporali, modelli di popolazione, rassegna di dati storici, e meta-analisi di regolarità macro-ecologiche. I casi di studio includono specie di importanza commerciale come pesce azzurro o granchi, e predatori famosi come squali e razze. La principale conclusione di questo lavoro, basata sullo studio del funzionamento degli ecosistemi marini da molti punti di vista diversi, è che un approccio ecosistemico è realmente necessario nella gestione degli ecosistemi marini. Il motivo è che il funzionamento degli ecosistemi può essere ed è effettivamente influenzato da fattori multipli interagenti fra di loro, che includono (senza essere limitati ad esse) le pressioni esterne, e che agiscono sia dal basso (cioè dai livelli gerarchici inferiori) verso l’alto, che dall’alto (cioè dai livelli gerarchici superiori) verso il basso, ed a partire dall’interno (ovvero, dalle gerarchie intermedie) del sistema.
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Tarhouny, Nina. "Les risques psychosociaux au travail : Droit et prévention d’une problématique de santé publique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD067.
Full textAbstract:
Les mal-nommés risques psychosociaux au travail traduisent l’expression du mépris de la norme fondamentale absolue et matrice des droits de l’Homme : la dignité de l’être humain. Figure de la souffrance au travail, les conditions et les organisations du travail indécentes (au sens de l’ONU) conduisent à la réification du genre humain considéré comme un moyen de production au détriment de ses droits fondamentaux, tels que le droit à la santé au travail. Menaces à la santé publique s’affranchissant des règles de droit fondant l’ordre social,les risques psychosociaux au travail, dont les conséquences des atteintes à la santé physique et mentale des travailleurs se répercutent sur la société tout entière, brisent le contrat social liant les individus à l’État. Les obligations juridiques posées par les textes internationaux, européens et français, imposent à l’État et aux entreprises d’exercer une prévention active et pas seulement réactive. L’État, garant et protecteur du respect de la dignité et des droits humains, peut utiliser ses prérogatives de puissance publique pour mieux protéger la santé des travailleurs.La sociovigilance s’impose alors comme une nouvelle vigilance issue de la sécurité sanitaire du travail. Conjuguée à la création d’une autorité indépendante en charge des questions de santé au travail, la sociovigilance s’accompagne d’une nouvelle proposition d’organisation de la prévention des risques professionnels en FranceThe misnamed psychosocial risks at work reflect the expression of contempt for the absolute fundamental norm and matrix of human rights : the dignity of the human being. As a manifestation of suffering at work, indecent working conditions and organizations (as defined by the UN) lead to the commodification of humankind as a means of productionat the expense of worker’s fundamental rights, such as the right to health at work. Psychosocial risks at work, which are threats to public health, exempting them from the rule of law on which social order is based, and whose consequences of damage to the physical and mental health of workers affect society as a whole, break the social contract between individuals and the State. The legal obligations laid down by international, European and French texts, require the State and companies to exercise active and not only reactive prevention. The State, as guarantor and protector of respect for dignity and human rights, can use its prerogatives as a public authority to better protect workers’ health.Sociovigilance is then required as a new vigilance resulting from occupational health safety. Combined with the creation of an independent authority in charge of occupational health issues, sociovigilance is accompanied by a new proposal for the organisation of occupational risk prevention in France
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Pi, Chen, and 陳必. "The Research of Job Stress and Job Satisfactiion of Chiefs of Sanitary Section at High School in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64389504103830070565.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北教育大學
教育政策與管理研究所
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The Research of the Job Stress and Job Satisfaction of Chiefs of Sanitary Secton at High School in Taiwan Abstract The purpose of this research was to explore between the job stress and job satisfaction about the chief of sanitary sectiion of senior high schoool in Taiwan. According to the research results, suggestion is given to enhance how to diminish the job stress and to raise the job satisfaction of the chief of sanitary section. The research describes and discusses in questionaire and semi-interview.The questionnaire,”Investigation of job stress and job satisfactiion of th chief of sanitary section in senior high school.”was designed and produced referring to the literature review with testifying its reliablity and validity. This research regads all the chiefs of sanitary section,numbered 476 in Taiwan as population. There are valid questionnaires of 362 out of the returning 367 copies from the delivered 428 copies of the questionnarie.The empirical quantify data of this study was analyzed with t-test,one-way ANOVA analysis of variance and Scheffe’ method (post- comparison method),Pearson’s product-monent correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis in statiscs,SPSS 10.0 for windows In this research, the conclusions are as follws: 1. The level of job stress of the chief of sanitary section in senior high school is above average in Taiwan,and “work burden”was the highest among six facets. 2. The level of job satisfaction of the chief of sanitary section in senior high school is above average in Taiwan,and The feeling of job satisfction of “superintendent’s leadership”and”interpersonal relationship ”were the highest ones among five facets. 3. There are signicant differences in the variances of martial status and of the location of the school. The chiefs of sanitary section who married have more job stress than those,not married. And the chiefs of sanitary section who have taught in metropolis area have more job stress than those teaching in villages,towns or islands 4. Among nine background variances in this research,there are remarkable differences in the variances of age,the period of teaching and the period of serving as the chief of sanitary section.And the results of analysis are that the chiefs of sanitary section who are over 50 of age have more job satisfaction than those,below 30 of age,the chiefs of sanitary section who have taught over 15 years have more job satisfaction than those,teaching below 5 years,and the persons who have served as the chiefs of sanitary section over 6 years have more job satisfactiion than those serving below 3 years. 5. Job stress and job satisfaction of the chiefs of sanitary section in this research reveal conspicuous “negative correlation.” 6. Job stress in this research can predict 20% of the whole job satisfactio. According to the results of this reserch,suggestions are proposed as follows: 1. Special seminar and professional training need holding regularly.Non-periodical trainings or seminars had better be held with the educational policy to strengthen knowledge and ability for the chiefs of sanitary section. 2. The health and the general affairs work are inseparable. Suggest to share the partial hygienic work with general affairs department, or may transform in the system to promotes the efficiency. 3. There are a lot of business to settle in Sanitation section, and the principal and the director had better provide the chief of sanitary section with more multi-encouragement and supports. 4. Everybody has the responsibility to maintain campus environmental sanitation work. Enhance teacher and student’s participation to build a fine learning environment together. 5. The sanitary afffair is beneficial to both oneself and others. Just dare to join the service ranks bravely. 6. Learn merits and experiences from other chiefs of sanitary section and promote your ability how to deal with the sanitary affairs. 7. In this research analysis concerning nine background variances to the variances of job stress and the job satisfaction,revealing the remarkable correlation is few. Wait for the following research to confirm it again. 8. Specialized knowledge and ability in job stress facets presenting the positive correlation with whole job satisfaction is different from the results from the other facets,which reveals negative correlation. Wait for following research to verify it again. Keywords:high school,the chief of sanitary section,job stress,job satisfactiion
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Bracken, Caragwen L. "Evaluation of bacterial community indicators of stream sanitary and ecological condition." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30572.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of this research was to develop bacterial community indicators of
stream sanitary and ecological condition. The first study compared substrate utilization
patterns between centrifuged and uncentrifuged split samples. We found a shift in the
relative proportion of each group of bacteria following centrifugation, with a marked
increased in the fecal coliform group and relatively fewer heterotrophic and total coliform
bacteria. Centrifuged samples consistently responded faster and oxidized more substrate
than did their uncentrifuged counterparts. Substrate utilization patterns of centrifuged
sub-samples from 19 sites showed better separation between Willamette Valley and
Cascade ecoregions than did the uncentrifuged sub-samples in ordination space. We
recommend developing microtiter plates with substrates specific types of environmental
stress. The second study determined the minimum volume of water needed and the
maximum time and temperature that bacteriological water samples captured on a
membrane filter can be held in guanidine isothiocyanate buffer (GITC) prior to DNA
extraction for community fingerprint analysis. We found 100 ml water samples yielded
more information than the 50 ml or the 250 ml water samples and observed a marked
decrease in information for samples that were held at room temperature for more than 24
hours. We concluded that 100 ml samples were optimal for bacterial community DNA
fingerprint analysis. Furthermore, we recommended transporting filtered water samples
held in GITC on ice and keeping the samples frozen until DNA is extracted for further
analysis. The third study addressed questions of sampling error and response variability
of two PCR-based indicators, bacterial community-level Terminal-Restriction Fragment
Length Polymorphisms and Bacteroidetes ruminant and human specific fecal source
tracking markers. We found the T-RPLP and Bacteroidetes markers to show very little
sampling error, and suggested collecting a single 1-liter water sample. A high turbidity
scenario resulting in higher fecal pollution and lower bacterial species richness explained
why decreased TRF richness was strongly associated with high fecal coliform density,
turbidity, and human Bacteroidetes detection. We propose that in times of increased
turbidity, a disturbance in the bacterial community occurs, reducing bacterial richness
and increasing a few types of stress-resistant fecal bacteria.Graduation date: 2004
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Nkosi, Nelly Virginia. "The food safety knowledge of street food vendors and the sanitary conditions of their street food vending environment, Zululand District, South Africa." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26627.
Full textAbstract:
Street-vended foods are convenient and cheap meals, but their contamination can lead to
foodborne illness. This study aimed to evaluate food safety knowledge of street food vendors in
Ulundi and AbaQulusi local municipalities of Zululand District, South Africa and compliance of
their street food vending environment to sanitary requirements. A cross sectional survey design
was utilised to gather data from 400 street food vendors using interviews. A piloted checklist was
used to collect data on the sanitary characteristics from 200 randomly selected street food
vending facilities. Most of the street food vendors were black (99%), females (73%), and above
35 years (55%). Only the minority of street food vendors had attended a high school (47%) and
the vast majority (77%) of them had not attended any food safety training course. The majority
(64.7%) of respondents knew that food should not be handled when they have diarrhoea, even if
their hands were washed regularly, neither when they have flu, colds, cough, or catarrh. The
minority (43%) of street food vendors knew that the use of separate cutting boards for meat and
salad, and washing them between uses are the safest ways to avoid cross-contamination. The
majority (79.4%) of street food vendors were aware that microorganisms could cause foodborne
diseases that may lead to death. The vast majority (76%) of street food vendors had low food
safety knowledge and only 14% of the street food vending sites had high compliance with
sanitary conditions. In conclusion, most street food vendors possessed inadequate food safety
knowledge in key food safety parameters and most of the street food vending facilities were noncompliant.
Furthermore, most of them operate under poor sanitary conditions. Street food
vendors should be provided with compliant waste disposal and standard kitchen facilities with
water resources to ensure hygienic preparation and serving of food.Life and Consumer Sciences
M. Cons. Sci.
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Mopin, Clémence. "Stabilité du développement et stress environnemental : analyse morphométrique du fémur de l’homme." Thesis, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0068.
Full textAbstract:
Parmi les approches employées pour caractériser l’état sanitaire des populations antérieures, l’utilisation de l’asymétrie fluctuante (AF) pour rendre compte de la stabilité de développement (DS) du squelette est rare. Après plus d’un demi-siècle de recherches, la DS reste assez méconnue chez l’Homme. Aujourd’hui, les techniques de morphométrie géométrique permettent de quantifier plus finement les variations en analysant de nouveaux aspects morphologiques en 3D.Les objectifs de ce travail étaient:1-Déterminer si l’analyse morpho-géométrique de l’AF chez l’Homme permet de distinguer deux populations.2-Établir si cette distinction peut être attribuée à une différence d’état sanitaire.Les données de deux populations caractérisées par des contextes sanitaires distincts ont été confrontées. Deux échantillons de 70 paires de fémurs adultes d'âge et de sexe comparables ont été sélectionnés. Vingt-sept points-repères ont été positionnés sur chaque surface osseuse reconstruite en 3D. L’AF a été analysée en termes d’amplitude et de localisation sur le fémur.Finalement, cette analyse morpho-géométrique a permis de distinguer deux populations au contextes sanitaires distincts. La population la moins favorisée a exprimé un degré d’AF plus élevé. Considérant l’impact des facteurs potentiels de variation, le stress sanitaire explique le mieux les perturbations de la DS. Au vu de la localisation de l’AF sur le fémur, le facteur biomécanique semble aussi jouer un rôle relatif. Chez l’Homme, la localisation de l’asymétrie fluctuante peut donc être dirigée en partie par les contraintes biomécaniques, cependant son amplitude est principalement influencée par le stress sanitaireAmong the approaches used to characterize the health status in past populations, the use of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) to evaluate developmental stability (DS) in bone is rare. After more than half a century of research, DS remains relatively unknown in humans. Today, geometric morphometrics techniques offer new perspectives. It is now possible to quantify variations more precisely and approach them by analyzing a new morphological element: shape.The aim of this work was twofold:1-Determine whether the geometric morphometrics analysis of FA in humans can distinguish two populations.2-Determine whether this distinction can be attributed to a difference in health status.The data of two populations of known and distinct health statuses and environmental contexts were compared. Two samples of 70 pairs of adult femurs of comparable age and sex were selected. Two sets of 27 landmarks were placed on the 3D isosurfaces of each femur. FA was analyzed and characterized in terms of range of magnitude and pattern of expression in the femur.Finally, this geometric morphometrics analysis allowed to distinguish two populations that have developed under distinct environmental conditions. The population that experienced higher levels of stress expressed a higher degree of FA. After considering the impact of potential factors of variation, the health stress seems to best explain disturbances of DS. However, given its pattern of expression on the femur, the biomechanical factor seems to play also a relative role. Therefore, in humans, the pattern of expression of FA is directed in part by biomechanical constraints but its magnitude remains mostly influenced by health stress
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PARISI, Grazia. "Burnout, stress del personale e soddisfazione lavorativa in ambito sanitario: le ripercussioni sulla qualità della vita. Un'indagine sulla relazione tra dimensione intrapersonale e interpersonale di medici e infermieri." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/337502.
Full textAbstract:
Il conflitto in ambito lavorativo ha delle ripercussioni notevoli sul servizio prestato e diviene perciò un elemento cruciale da analizzare e comprendere. Si pone come un tema di grande interesse, nel nostro tempo, dal momento che non sono rari, sui luoghi di lavoro, fenomeni quali il burnout, l’assenteismo o il mobbing. Nello specifico, il progetto di ricerca mira alla questione generale di come migliorare la qualità di vita professionale e privata degli operatori sanitari e di conseguenza dei pazienti assistiti, attraverso lo studio dei loro rapporti interpersonali e delle dinamiche soggettive e interpersonali che si instaurano all’interno del reparto, elementi di importanza fondamentale per la comprensione delle relazioni umane. Molto spesso lavorare in un contesto lavorativo non piacevole e, al tempo stesso, vivere una vita privata non appagante si ripercuotono sulla sfera professionale, prendendo la forma di un vero e proprio rifiuto del proprio ruolo e della propria identità lavorativa. La ricerca ha fotografato la realtà dell’Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova. Il primo capitolo delinea il campo di indagine seguito da un approfondimento sulle nuove patologie che sorgono tra gli operatori all’interno delle organizzazioni; nel secondo capitolo vengono illustrati i principali costrutti oggetto della ricerca, il burnout e lo stress. Il terzo e il quarto capitolo insistono nell’approfondire la matrice teorica alla base della ricerca. Nel quinto capitolo vengono fotografate da vicino le principali vittime del burnout: le figure professionali del medico e dell’infermiere. Nel sesto capitolo vengono illustrate le ipotesi alla base della ricerca e la metodologia. Il settimo capitolo racchiude le elaborazioni statistiche e i risultati della ricerca ottenuti con una metodologia di analisi che è stata sia quantitativa che qualitativa ed infine il capitolo successivo è conclusivo e riassume il percorso seguito offrendo un quadro dei risultati più significativi e dei nessi causali tra le variabili osservate. Di rilevanza notevole è stata la dimostrazione di quanto la rete sociale costituisca un fattore protettivo dalle situazioni di stress lavorativo.The conflict, in a work context, has significant consequences on the job and therefore, for this reason, it becomes an important element to analyze and understand. At the moment, this is a very interesting argument, since in working environment there are frequently phenomena like burnout, absenteeism and mobbing. Specifically, this research project aims to answer the general question about how to improve quality of professional and private life of health workers and consequently of inmates, through the study of their interpersonal relationships and through the study of subjective and interpersonal dynamics that are created in the hospital ward, elements with a great importance to the comprehension of human relations. Very often to work in a working environment not so sound and, at the same time, to live a private life not satisfying affect the professional life becoming a real refusal of one’s own role and professional identity. The research has analyzed the context of Padua Hospital. The first chapter outlines the aim of the study and it deepens about new pathologies that are developing among health workers in the organizations. In the second chapter the main research constructs are illustrated: burnout and stress. The third and fourth chapters underline the theoretical basis of the research. In the fifth chapter the focus is on the principal burnout victims: the professional figures of doctor and nurse. In the sixth chapter the assumptions and the methodology of research are illustrated. The seventh chapter contains the statistics and the results that are obtained with an analysis methodology that was both quantitative and qualitative and, finally, the following concluding chapter summarizes the steps providing an overview of the most significant results and causal links among variables. It was very important to discover and to demonstrate how social network is relevant because it is a kind of protective factor from the situations of working stress.
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Jakubowska, Agata. "Ocena toksyczności wybranych cieczy jonowych." Rozprawa doktorska, 2016. https://repolis.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=36322.
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Jakubowska, Agata. "Ocena toksyczności wybranych cieczy jonowych." Rozprawa doktorska, 2016. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=36322.
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