Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sanitary engineering Developing countries'
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Gupta, Anika. "Design of an absorbent and comfortable sanitary napkin for applications in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89967.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis. "June 2014."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 38-39).
Menstrual hygiene is an often-ignored problem in international development: lack of access to sanitation keeps women out of schools and the labor force. Sanitary napkin solutions to this issue normally focus on supply chain and manufacturing. This study aims to look at solutions from a materials perspective, assessing available materials for the properties needed for a good napkin, and reviewing the literature for comparison between these and other materials. Tests for absorption, comfort, durability, and drying time are measured on materials ranging from foam to traditional cottons both individually and in combination. These tests include microscopy observations, retention and wicking rate, tensile resistance, stiffness, and roughness. Though no single design emerges as the most effective for this application, clear differences emerge across materials that narrow down the options for optimal design. This information, in conjunction with user testing, can be used to inform local designs for sanitary napkins across borders.
by Anika Gupta.
S.B.
Still, Gwilym T. "Methods for reducing the cost of cementitious building components in developing countries, with particular reference to rainwater harvesting." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2342/.
Full textJain, Neera S. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Somin Lee. "Peanut oil press for developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36750.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 34-35).
Despite the problems with obesity that the United States is facing today, malnutrition, caused in part by severely low dietary fat consumption, remains a problem among many people living in Sub-Saharan Africa. According to the World Health Organization, one third of people in developing countries are malnourished as well as vitamin or mineral deficient. While villagers do not have access to commercially produced vegetable oil (a common source of dietary fat), nor are industrial scale oil extraction methods appropriate for small scale production. As a result, they turn to traditional methods, such as a mortar and pestle, to extract oil from peanuts, sunflower seeds, and other oil bearing seeds and nuts. This process is both time and labor intensive, and still does not yield sufficient amounts of oil to satisfy the need for it. The need for a small scale press is clear. This thesis introduces a simple design which achieves a yield of 46.9 mL per cup (U.S.) which matches the yield produced using industrial technologies. This corresponds to 153% increase in yield and 38.5% increase in rate over using traditional methods such as a mortar and pestle. The design consists of two fixed plates connected by four rods, with a third plate which slides along the four guide rods.
(cont.) A standard scissor jack is the mechanism by which the necessary pressure of 800-1000 psi is generated to extract the oil. A peanut container with a removable bottom holds the peanuts as they are pressed, and holes drilled into its cylindrical face allow the oil to spill out into a collection dish underneath the container. The entire design is compact, with a footprint of one square foot and a height of 22 inches. This is 12 times smaller than the Beilenberg ram press, the standard for small scale presses currently used in developing countries. Experimental results of the loading profile as function of time show that the jack does not need to be turned continuously once the oil begins to appear. This requires significantly less strength than current methods of oil extraction. Although future work is recommended to further develop and improve the press, it shows promise of alleviating the need for such a device in many impoverished parts of the world.
by Neera Jain and Somin Lee.
S.B.
Lee, Daipan. "Peanut oil press redesign for Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40491.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 28-29).
One of the causes of malnutrition among the rural inhabitants of Sub-Saharan Africa is the high cost of dietary fats that are necessary to maintain normal body functions. Though the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN recommends an annual intake of 9.6 liters of dietary fats a year per person, some areas of Africa consume only about 1.5 liters annually. Many members of these communities lack the resources to purchase imported edible oils; locally produced peanut oil would provide a cheaper alternative. In addition, peanut production is particularly beneficial to farmers, as peanut plants enrich the soil they grow in. Once they have a steady supply of peanuts, the problem facing farmers is the inability to efficiently extract the oil from the nuts. The current design for human-powered rapid extraction is the Bielenberg ram press, which uses a lever to generate the required pressure needed to extract the oil. However, this design is not optimal for two reasons: it requires significant upper body strength to operate, and also, incorrect operation of the lever leads to only a fraction of the peanuts' oil content being extracted. For these reasons, this thesis focuses on a design modification originally proposed by a team in D-Lab Spring 2006.
(cont.) While the oil extracting mechanism was kept intact, the lever was replaced by a cam-and-follower system driven by treadles. By moving the driving motion from the upper body to the lower body of the user, the new design aims to address the ergonomics issue present in the Bielenberg ram press. The cam also allows optimization of the pressure profile for the peanuts. Research performed by Ravi Patel in 2007 has shown that a rapid buildup followed by a long period of followed by a gradual advancing of the piston will create the desired pressure characteristics to maximize output. An earlier attempt to convert the Bielenberg ram press into a treadle design yielded several insights into how the design could be improved. These insights have led to many design modifications, which are incorporated into the proposed redesign. This redesign is aimed at improving performance, reducing cost, and increasing the manufacturability of the press.
by Daipan Lee.
S.B.
Wu, Jodie (Jodie Z. ). "Bicycle-powered attachments : designing for developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54536.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 35).
There are 550 million smallholder farmers around the world who earn less than $1/day who could benefit from pedal-powered attachments. This project discusses factors to consider in designing for developing countries and highlights experimental methods that help to optimize the power transmission of bicycle attachments. In comparing power transmission through three main modes off of bicycles, via chain drive and friction drive, this thesis proposes recommendations for design in developing countries, including the advantages of chain-driven attachments and considerations necessary for successful implementation.
by Jodie Wu.
S.B.
Beukes, Edward Andrew. "Context sensitive road planning for developing countries." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10075.
Full textThe majority of South African urban poor live on the periphery of cities, travel long distances to work and school, and are dependent on public transport and walking or cycling (Non-Motorised Transport or NMT) for their travel needs. Road planning practice in South Africa continues to be largely automobile-centric. A need was identified to incorporate more contextual information into the transport planning process, to produce a more comprehensive, holistic and multimodal approach to practice. A description of the context, defined in terms of land use, socioeconomic, environmental and transport information, was developed and forms the basis of a method for making recommendations for road infrastructure provision. Data was incorporated using Spatial Multiple Criteria Assessment (SMCA), a Decision Support System and analysed in a GIS.
Cao, Xinyuan. "Assessment of Clinical Engineering Departments in developing countries." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26594.
Full textCallcott, A. E. "Microcomputers for civil engineering consultancy in developing countries." Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14250/.
Full textHoshino, Takashi. "Telecommunications development : policy recommendations for developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39058.
Full textBreitbach, Timothy W. "Supply chain financing in Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112624.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
There is no definitive blueprint for ending poverty and increasing prosperity across the globe, but the World Bank argues that inclusive economic growth is critical to achieving global development goals. This thesis focuses on supply chain financing, and its potential to make a positive and lasting impact on people and businesses in resource-constrained environments. It seeks to develop a better understanding of how supply chain and finance structures impact profits, sales growth and risk. The two-phased research design seeks to address the gap in the supply chain and development literature on supply chain finance in small and medium sized firms in developing countries. The first phase consists of exploratory, semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in international development, financing and supply chain management. The exploratory interviews were used to develop an understanding of how relevant stakeholders think about and make supply chain finance decisions. Additionally, the interviews were used to identify a company and supply chain for a multiple case study upon which the second phase of research is based. The company is a clean energy product distributor that has partnered with one of the largest banks in Kenya to provide consumer financing for clean energy products. The case analysis includes an in-depth examination of the company's financial performance by sales channel, drawing upon sales records and accounting documents. Interviews were conducted with the company's management, suppliers, sales force, retailers and bank lending agents. The mixed methods case study is used to extend hypotheses developed during the exploratory interviews and further develop theory on the role of financing in developing country supply chains. The exploratory interviews and case study are used to develop a framework of how stakeholders in consumer durable goods markets think about scale in developing countries. The World Bank's Logistics Performance Index (LPI) and Doing Business Report (DBR) data sets are used to demonstrate how organizations can base supply chain decisions on infrastructure, logistics and governance structures within a country. This research can be used by for-profit and not-for-profit entities when making resource allocation and supply chain design decisions in developing markets.
by Timothy W. Breitbach.
Ph. D. in Engineering Systems
Pikhart, Karina N. (Karina Nicole). "Design considerations for prosthetic knees in Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54525.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-25).
Introduction: The design of prosthetic limbs is a complicated problem that continues to receive significant attention in research labs and in industry throughout the world. The idea of getting a machine to match human performance is an enticing one, and thus research continues to pursue the challenge of designing devices that can replace the functionality lost via limb amputation. Designers of prosthetics for developing countries face similar challenges. However, that challenge is also supplemented with a number of other contextual factors and considerations that must be made as a designer. As described by Cummings', these factors are social, economic, cultural, and geographic, and also include locally available forms of technology and time and distance constraints. These considerations further complicate the design process, especially for an engineer inexperienced with designing for the developing world and unfamiliar with the specific developing world environment being designed for. These topics have been covered in bits and pieces throughout the literature; this document attempts to cover them all thoroughly and in a logical way. This thesis also aims to provide some mechanism by which the challenge of designing a prosthetic knee for the developing world can be broken down and tackled effectively to yield an appropriate knee design. As amputees in the developing world are often subject to an inescapable life of poverty because they are unable to work and support their families, there is a strong impetus to design effective limbs for this population. This document intends to help facilitate that process. This thesis is inspired by a prosthetic knee design project that began in the class Developing World Prosthetics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in its inaugural term, spring 2008. Though the project was successful in many ways, the design process maybe could have been more effective with a stronger foundation in all the areas that will be covered below. This thesis primarily uses literature review to provide insight into human gait and amputee characteristics, as well as developing world considerations for designers of prosthetic limbs. The aim is to provide a foundation by which one can design effective and appropriate prosthetic devices. A metric is also developed by which those developing world considerations can be managed, weighed and incorporated into the design. In this case, experience and observations from the author's work on prosthetics in India are used to assess the contexts and contributions of various developing world factors to the successful incorporation of a prosthetic knee design into that environment. The document uses India as a case study; however, the thesis should serve as a generalized manual for developing world prosthetic knee design. This document begins with a presentation of human gait characteristics presented in a variety of contexts that can be useful to the designer of a prosthetic knee for the developing world. Then, basic mechanical components that are often used in prosthetic knee design are described, using examples. Finally, a thorough description of the many developing world factors that must be understood to design a sustainable prosthetic knee are discussed, and a table is presented by which those factors can be simply reviewed.
by Karina N. Pikhart.
S.B.
Najam, Adil. "Developing countries and the politics of sustainable development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46000.
Full textSetyawan, Antonius Roni. "The challenge of standardization for shipyards in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36014.
Full textWood, Danielle Renee. "Building technological capability within satellite programs in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79502.
Full textVita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Global participation in space activity is growing as satellite technology matures and spreads. Countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America are creating or reinvigorating national satellite programs. These countries are building local capability in space through technological learning. They sometimes pursue this via collaborative satellite development projects with foreign firms that provide training. This phenomenon of collaborative satellite development projects is poorly understood by researchers of technological learning and technology transfer. The approach has potential to facilitate learning, but there are also challenges due to misaligned incentives and the tacit nature of the technology. Perspectives from literature on Technological Learning, Technology Transfer, Complex Product Systems and Product Delivery provide useful but incomplete insight for decision makers in such projects. This work seeks a deeper understanding of capability building through collaborative technology projects by conceiving of the projects as complex, socio-technical systems with architectures. The architecture of a system is the assignment of form to execute a function along a series of dimensions. The research questions explore the architecture of collaborative satellite projects, the nature of capability building during such projects, and the relationship between architecture and capability building. The research design uses inductive, exploratory case studies to investigate six collaborative satellite development projects. Data collection harnesses international field work driven by interviews, observation, and documents. The data analysis develops structured narratives, architectural comparison and capability building assessment. The architectural comparison reveals substantial variation in project implementation, especially in the areas of project initiation, technical specifications of the satellite, training approaches and the supplier selection process. The individual capability building assessment shows that most trainee engineers gradually progressed from no experience with satellites through theoretical training to supervised experience; a minority achieved independent experience. At the organizational level, the emerging space organizations achieved high levels of autonomy in project definition and satellite operation, but they were dependent on foreign firms for satellite design, manufacture, test and launch. The case studies can be summarized by three archetypal projects defined as "Politically Pushed," "Structured," and "Risk Taking." Countries in the case studies tended to start in a Politically Pushed mode, and then moved into either Structured or Risk Taking mode. Decision makers in emerging satellite programs can use the results of this dissertation to consider the broad set of architectural options for capability building. Future work will continue to probe how specific architectural decisions impact capability building outcomes in satellite projects and other technologies.
by Danielle Renee Wood.
Ph.D.
Simon, Miriam R. "Design and Engineering of Wind-Powered Machinery for Developing Countries." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1312819145.
Full textAslam, Muhammad Sagheer. "Sustainability of community-based drinking water systems in developing countries." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121365.
Full textUn cadre de base pour les systèmes d'eau potable communautaires durables (CBDWS) est étudié dans ce programme de recherche, il est basé sur la performance des systèmes d'approvisionnement en eau existantes et sur les réponses à une enquête menée par les différents intervenants. Un modèle de durabilité globale a été développée et validée par son application à environ 70 CBDWS en milieu rural des régions du nord du Pakistan (dans le cadre d'une étude de cas de pays en développement). En outre, les analyses et les projections du scénario de composante environnementale du développement durable ont été faites ainsi que des analyses et des synthèses détaillées des enquêtes statistiques pour évaluer les perspectives et les priorités parties prenantes et d'intégrer les résultats en matière de durabilité globale. L'étude conclut que CBDWS durables peuvent être développés et exploités uniquement avec la participation active des parties prenantes (défini dans l'étude: techniques, environnementales, économiques, sociales et institutionnelles). Le système doit conserver des ressources en eau salubre et potable (considérations environnementales) et aussi de maintenir le potentiel de renouvellement grâce à une conception techniquement optimisé, l'exécution de haute qualité et un entretien régulier de l'infrastructure d'une manière économiquement avantageuse et autonomes set-up. L'engagement social et institutionnel doit également faire partie intégrante du système. Défaillance d'un de ces composants peut affecter la durabilité de l'ensemble du système. Une définition pertinente pour CBDWS durable a été élaboré, avec le développement d'un nouveau modèle de durabilité CBDWS. Le modèle indique que les sources sont bien entretenus, infrastructures adéquates, la société consciente, une économie stable et des institutions efficaces sont des éléments nécessaires et liés d'une CBDWS durables, et l'échec de l'un de ces composants peut affecter la durabilité de l'ensemble du système. Scénarios pour la population qui seraient sans accès à l'eau potable en 2015 ont également été projetées sur la base d'une étude de terrain. L'étude de terrain a conclu que la durabilité de l'environnement en termes de capacité, la qualité, la fiabilité et la protection des sources d'eau potable est essentielle. Projection des conclusions de l'étude sur le terrain à une plus grande échelle montre que si des mesures urgentes ne sont pas prises, solutions de repli graves peuvent survenir dans les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement établis (OMD) des Nations Unies. Dans le contexte des OMD pertinents, ces solutions de repli peuvent inverser la situation d'un état précédemment insoutenable. Les subjectivités des parties prenantes et des priorités pour les différents éléments de CBDWS ont été examinés et quantifiable incorporés dans le système. Les composantes environnementales et institutionnelles sont apparues comme des priorités plus importantes entre les différentes parties prenantes du groupe. La composante environnementale est une priorité plus élevée chez les intervenants en sciences naturelles et en génie milieux, alors que composante institutionnelle (par rapport aux institutions communautaires) est la priorité pratique pour les parties prenantes avec les sciences sociales milieux. Enfin, pour suivre et évaluer CBDWS, un cadre appliqué rentable et convivial, mais bien définie et systématique capable de recevoir des données de terrain avec différents niveaux de qualité a été développé.
Ibrahim, Rizwan. "Technology of cement production : issues and options for developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44654.
Full textMICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING
Bibliography: leaves 253-256.
by Rizwan Ibrahim.
M.S.
Roux, Yolandi. "A comparative study of public transport systems in developing countries." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5005.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references.
The large and mostly impoverished populations of African cities are dependent on public transport to provide them with accessibility and mobility. In most African cities, private vehicle ownership and traffic is increasing rapidly, scheduled or formal public transport systems are declining or have disappeared altogether and the unscheduled or informal Para-transit systems that have replaced them are unsafe and offer a low quality service. The problem with public transport planning in most African cities is that public transport is either poorly planned or not planned at all. This is due to the fact that there is a lack of adequate information and planning framework to guide decision makers and that they either select inappropriate systems based on those used in developed countries or allow private operators to decide. It is the responsibility of government to ensure that public transport systems meet the needs of the communities they serve and political decision-makers urgently need to make the right decisions for the development of public transport. Precise and relevant performance indicators and statistics will give a clear overview of the public transport systems of cities and will help to monitor the benefits of implementing efficient public transport systems. There is therefore a need to develop a methodology to assess public transport systems in African cities. The main aim of this study is to describe, discuss, and compare the public transport systems in developing countries. The methodology will be based on a set of performance indicators and related benchmarks that can be used to evaluate the public transport system of a city against certain goals. This study also describes the current existing public transport systems and their characteristics, as well as findings on the application of the methodology in Cape Town, Dar es Salaam and Nairobi. The literature review aims to identify the characteristics of public transport systems and to develop a methodology that can be used to describe, discuss and compare public systems. It is based on studies that have been done on the characteristics of public transport systems. The first part of the literature review examines various studies and papers on public transport to determine which components of the public transport system are important and is followed by a more detailed discussion on the characteristics of these components.
Kafati, Geadah Andrés Nicolas 1979. "Financing of construction investment in developing countries through capital markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29574.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 86-91).
Construction projects (especially infrastructure) require high capital investments, both during construction and operation, and account for between 3 and 8 % of a developing country's GDP. On average, half of the investments in the economy are in construction and supporting economic activities. In developing countries, the construction sector must be included in national development plans in order to promote a sound building market by developing the whole national economy gradually, taking into account the interrelationships with other branches of the economy. Infrastructure is one of the fastest growing sectors in the world in terms of private participation and financing. The unavailability of debt remains a significant constraint in many private infrastructure projects. Many developing countries have had less access to capital markets, due to a global decline in lending, increased uncertainty among investors, and reduced willingness to assume risk. The question then is "What needs to be done to get more FDI to developing countries"? In developing countries, there is plenty of room for positive growth and access to new pools of capital. However, these countries need to first develop the legal, financial, and technological infrastructure to reap those benefits. International capital market integration will continue to give developing countries improved access to private foreign capital. Policymakers must tailor their policies to suit investor's interest in order to access the international capital markets and obtain the necessary financing for their PPI (Private Participation in Infrastructure) projects. Private Participation in infrastructure is here to stay, and as more developing countries are opening up to private financiers, the policy debate has changed from "whether to" to "how to". The objective of this thesis is to arrive at a strategy that developing countries can follow in order to Finance Construction Investment, especially in infrastructure, through better and more efficient access of domestic and international Capital Markets.
by Andrés Nicolas Kafati Geadah.
S.M.
Iizuka, Hiroaki. "A comparative study of BOT in in developing Asian countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36939.
Full textWaterworth, Tayla. "Help or hindrance? a critical analysis of the agreement on sanitary and phytosanitary measures, and its effects on developing countries." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/7090.
Full textAdler, Ari T. (Ari Tao) 1974. "A cost-effective portable telemedicine kit for use in Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9304.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 95-96).
Telemedicine is currently being used to bridge the physical distance between patients in remote areas and medical specialists around the world. Developing countries have had little experience or success with telemedicine, in part because of the prohibitively expensive equipment and connectivity costs involved. Developing countries require low-cost, sustainable telemedicine solutions for the local delivery of primary healthcare and efficient access to medical expertise when needed. A low-cost (approximately $8,000 in small quantities) portable telemedicine kit was designed and built to address these needs. The kit was developed as part of the Little Intelligent Communities (LINCOS) project, which is bringing satellite telecommunications, education and telemedicine services to underserved areas of Latin America and the Caribbean. This is accomplished through the use of modified ISO shipping containers that become 'digital town centers.' The telemedicine kit consists of a durable case that houses a portable computer and several medical peripherals: a digital stethoscope, an ECG recorder and a medical imaging system. The kit allows a health practitioner in a remote area to capture patient data in the form of audio, video, and images in a asynchronous fashion and forward them over the Internet to a doctor for a diagnosis. This document addresses various aspects related to the implementation of a low cost telemedicine kit. It also explores some of the technologies that will enable the creation of new types of telemedicine devices in the future, not only for remote diagnostic applications, but also for home health monitoring. A wireless transceiver board was also designed and built so that it could be embedded into consumer medical and electronic devices in a general fashion. It allows the devices to communicate wirelessly with a base station either for home health monitoring applications, or for a cordless version of the portable telemedicine kit.
by Ari T. Adler.
S.M.
Howells, Mark Idwal. "Analyzing sustainable energy in developing countries: Selected South African case studies." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4163.
Full textThapliya, Bikash. "Power utility restructuring and power-sector financing in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42670.
Full textShams, Amiri Nader. "Emerge and deploying electronic health records in developing countries." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16639.
Full textProgram: Magisterutbildning i informatik
Blenkinsopp, Thomas J. "The challenges & opportunities of using low carbon energy supplies & their application to the developing world." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/67871/.
Full textDutt, Prodyut. "A standards-based methodology for urban transportation planning in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11104.
Full textRadford, Todd C. (Todd Craig) 1977. "The Town lattice truss : an appropriate bridge technology for developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57549.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The Town lattice truss is proposed as an appropriate technology for the Tshumbe Diocese of the Democratic Republic of Congo. This proposal is made based on an understanding of rural transport and appropriate technology and an in-depth analysis of the details of the Town lattice truss. The nature and importance of rural transport and accessibility are presented, and bridges are identified as a key component in rural transport development. The concept of appropriate technology is presented along with a framework consisting of required and desired characteristics of any appropriate technology, including bridges. Structural materials are compared for use in bridges in rural areas of developing countries and timber is selected as the appropriate choice for the Tshumbe Diocese. Three existing timber bridges systems for developing countries are analyzed and compared, and the Town lattice truss is proposed as an alternative to all three. The Town lattice truss is presented and described in detail with reference to a study of forty existing bridges in the northeastern United States that was conducted as a part of this work. Appropriate characteristics of the truss are identified and used to compare the truss with other timber bridge systems. The wooden pegged connections and chord structure are identified as unique components of the Town lattice truss and are the subjects of further analysis. Equations are developed for strength prediction and stiffness estimation for the wooden pegged connections.
(cont.) The chord structure is analyzed for strength and stiffness, which are determined to be combinations of underlying component properties based on the chord termination pattern that is used. A comprehensive set of possible chord termination patterns is developed and the best patterns are proposed for use in design. Finally, truss moment capacity is determined as a function of chord strength and stiffness properties and a simple methodology is proposed for the design of new Town lattice truss bridges.
by Todd Craig Radford.
Ph.D.
Paccot, Olivier (Olivier Marc Paccots Burnens). "Understanding business replication : impacts and best practices for developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90720.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 84-85).
by Olivier Paccot.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
Enofe, Obamwonyi Martyn. "Improving Maintenance Perception in Developing Countries - A Case Study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6630.
Full textKelsey, Robert. "Cost reduction opportunities for low-income community water supplies in developing countries." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316049.
Full textRÖDÉN, MARCUS, and HENRIK STÅHLE. "The Motives for Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries; the Case of Nairobi." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232454.
Full textCeri, Casandra N. "Design analysis of the four-bar Jaipur-Stanford prosthetic knee for Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83688.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 29).
Amputees in developing countries face a challenging prospect. Without an adequate prosthesis, they face a lifetime of limited mobility and dependence. Unfortunately, as millions fall below the poverty line and as such do not have access to proper medical and prosthesis care, many must resign themselves to such a lifestyle. Bhagwan Mahaveer Viklang Sahayata Samiti (BMVSS) is attempting to change this. BMVSS is the world's leading prosthetics and mobility provider, serving over 20,000 new individuals per year - all free of charge - in 27 countries. Through a partnership with a Stanford design course, the Jaipur-Stanford Knee, a novel prosthetic knee incorporating a four-bar design, was born. This knee design has become widely popular amongst amputees and was named one of the top 50 best inventions in 2009 by Time Magazine. However, despite the popularity and widespread media coverage of the knee's development, there currently exists no available technical literature on the design. This research provides a kinematic model of this knee to compare to the dynamics of a natural gait along with a materials analysis to offer insight into design and manufacture improvements in future design iterations and concepts.
by Casandra N. Ceri.
S.B.
Yakou, Regard. "A comparison of road accidents in developing countries with special reference to Jamaica." Thesis, Aston University, 1992. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14302/.
Full textZhang, Na. "Greening academia : developing sustainable waste management at UK higher educational institutions." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/196479/.
Full textAli, Mir Shabbar. "An accessibility-activity based approach for modelling rural travel demand in developing countries." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2001. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/900/.
Full textLukacs, Heather A. 1979. "From design to implementation : innovative slow sand filtration for use in Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84799.
Full textBanzaert, Amy 1976. "Viability of waste-based cooking fuels for Developing countries : combustion emissions and field feasibility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79158.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-109).
Biomass-derived cooking fuels are used by three billion people worldwide. The drawbacks of such fuels, typically wood or wood-derived charcoal, include health hazards, negative environmental effects, and perpetuation of poverty. Briquettes made from various waste materials have been proposed as an alternative to address these issues. The purpose of this work is to understand whether such fuels are viable as compared to wood charcoal considering toxicity, usability, and economic criteria. Briquettes made from carbonized agricultural waste (AWC) using a process developed by MIT's D-Lab were investigated. These briquettes were comparable to wood charcoal in terms of energy density, carbon monoxide, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions. Particulate matter emissions from these briquettes were 3-5 times higher but the emissions were only dominant during the initial stages of the fire. Methods for mitigating these emissions are proposed. Ultra-fine particles from wood charcoal and AWC were characterized, offering a novel understanding of these emissions. The effect of variations in raw material inputs on combustion emissions was documented and manure was found to be a promising binder material. Field studies were conducted on AWC, assessing cooking fuel emissions in households in Nicaragua, ascertaining end user perception of the fuel, piloting production with a women's cooperative, and conducting an economic analysis of the viability of this production model. Emissions were found to be comparable to wood, user perception was cautiously positive, and production was hypothetically profitable if systems are introduced effectively. Briquettes produced in Haiti from paper waste and fabric scraps were also studied and found to be highly problematic from the perspective of emissions and cooking performance. Most concerning from a health perspective is the increased particulate emissions, as compared to wood charcoal, by a factor of up to 45. These types of briquettes are being disseminated and no prior art on their emissions has been identified. In summary, AWC has promise as an alternative fuel but care must be taken in terms of particulate matter exposure and minimizing deviation from the studied briquette formula. Any alternative fuels should not be introduced until the emissions hazards and cooking performance limitations are addressed.
by Amy Banzaert.
Ph.D.
Johnson, Danielle. "Selecting Appropriate Product Concepts for Manufacture in Developing Countries." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/116.
Full textShrestha, Manish M. "Feasibility of Satellite Water Tanks for Urban Areas in Developing Countries." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353342510.
Full textRowse, Laurel Erika. "Design of Small Scale Anaerobic Digesters for Application in Rural Developing Countries." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3324.
Full textTroschinetz, Alexis Manda. "Twelve factors influencing sustainable recycling of municipal solid waste in developing countries /." Available online. Click here, 2005. http://sunshine.lib.mtu.edu/ETD/THESIS/troschinetza/thesis.pdf.
Full textCarlström, Mikael, and Hampus Wargsjö. "Printing Prosthetics : Designing an additive manufactured arm for developing countries." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61869.
Full textThe traditional prosthetic arms that are being fitted in developing countries are facing major issues in suppling patients with proper assistive aids. Not only is the process time consuming with every single unit having to be customized for the user but some parts can’t be locally produced which drives up price even further. The objective of this master thesis was to develop a prosthetic arm for developing countries with the help of additive manufacturing (3D printing) for the client 3D Life Prints which are based in Nairobi, Kenya. A prosthesis is used to aid an amputee in daily living activities. With additive manufacturing the intention is that a local manufacturing process could be developed and improved which would reduce the time of fitting and distributing a prosthesis. The initial prosthesis, that was the origin of the design, was a below elbow prosthetic arm that was being developed by the client. The prosthesis was fabricated with the additive manufacturing process fused deposition modelling (FDM) which has the advantage of providing the cheapest printers. To summarize the aim of the project the research questions that was established was as followed 1. How are conventional prosthetic arms generally being manufactured, distributed and used compared to additive manufactured prostheses in Nairobi, Kenya? 2. Who is the primary user of prosthetic arms in developing countries, what problems are they facing with current solutions and what factors are considered as the most important? And why? 3. How should additive manufactured prostheses be designed for optimal usage in developing countries? In addition to answer the research questions the aim was that the development of the system would lead to enhanced functionality for the user and to facilitate manufacturing for the organization. To get a general overview of additive manufacturing prostheses the fields theories that was studied included context of developing countries, user centred design (since the aim was to approve on a product which needed to suit a specific user), upper limb prostheses and additive manufacturing. As a result, from different stages of the design process a final design was reached called the “3D Life Arm”. The final system was comprised of four main components, the Harness system, the Insert, the Cover and the Socket. These components used additive manufacturing in both rigid material (Harness parts, Socket and Insert) and flexible material (the Cover). Locally available components were used for parts not feasible to additive manufacture e.g. fishing wire and screws. The two factors that were concluded to be the most important for the user were the aesthetic appeal and cost. With social stigmas playing a major part according to users and experts in Nairobi, the prosthesis needs to resemble the missing limb as much as possible. It was concluded that cost was the major factor when designing prostheses for developing countries since user just wasn’t able to afford the prostheses that was being manufactured in Nairobi. In the end a cost and time analysis was conducted to verify what price the complete system would need to be manufactured. With three printers all parts could be printed for the price of 282 SEK and would take approximately 15 hours and 15 minutes to print which is considerably lower than that of the functional prosthesis being distributed in Nairobi. Further evaluations need to be done to establish that the prosthesis will manage the strains and stresses of daily living activities of the user and a complete fitting strategy needs to be evaluated further. It’s the authors belief however, that with the help of fully educated prosthetist there is a future for additive manufacturing of upper limb amputees.
Yagi, Sadayuki. "Alternative strategies for public transport improvement in developing countries : a case study of Beirut." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35012.
Full textFlores, Cervantes Déborah Xanat 1978. "Feasibility of semi-continuous solar disinfection system for developing countries at a household level." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29551.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 98-101).
A study to assess the feasibility of a novel solar water disinfection system developed by the author, Semi-Continuous Solar Disinfection (SC-SODIS), was conducted. Three aspects of SC-SODIS feasibility were considered: technical, social and economic feasibility. This study focused on developing countries and specifically, Nepal. To address the technical feasibility, field data included measuring the performance of the prototype system under climatologic conditions found in Lumbini, Nepal during the month of January 2003. The social and economic feasibilities were determined from preliminary feedback from local people and calculation of construction costs from locally available materials respectively. Results suggest SC-SODIS is a feasible technology for developing countries and specifically Lumbini, Nepal. SC-SODIS can be considered a sustainable technology as it is technically simple, effective at microbial inactivation as measured by the E.coli indicator organism, can be made from locally available materials and is economical. Preliminary feedback from locals show SC-SODIS is socio-culturally acceptable. Limited time did not allow study of the operation and maintenance problems that the system might present over the long term.
by Déborah Xanat Flores Cervantes.
M.Eng.
Wang, Nathan Philip. "Design and prototyping of a retrofittable motorized module for hand powered tricycles for Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45269.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaf 17).
Current wheelchair designs in developing countries create many difficulties for their users. In Kenya, wheelchair users are often unable to use public transportation, and thus are isolated and usually without work. This thesis outlines a feasible design for a retrofittable motorized module for a hand-powered tricycle produced and widely distributed throughout Kenya. There are many mobility aids that are similar to the Kenyan handcycle, which can also adapt the module design. By using this innovative module, users will be able to increase their range of travel and access areas where human-powered transport is not sufficient. This simple addition will improve the quality of life for the physically disabled user. This work will be presented to a wheelchair workshop summer 2008 in hopes to convert it into a feasible design for production. Increased reliable mobility will allow the disabled community in Kenya to apply for jobs, and even be afforded opportunities in micro-business for the first time. The design of the powertrain consists of a common motorized bicycle 2 hp engine and a two-stage gear reduction. The control system uses an analogous setup to that of a motorcycle. This control system is integrated into the layout of the chair. Three operation modes are possible with this design: hand-powered only, engine-powered only, or hand-powered with motor-assist.
by Nathan Philip Wang.
S.B.
Smith, Jonathan Y. (Jonathan York) 1979. "Building energy calculator : a design tool for energy analysis of residential buildings in Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27128.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100).
Buildings are one of the world's largest consumers of energy, yet measures to reduce energy consumption are often ignored during the building design process. In developing countries, enormous numbers of new residential buildings are being constructed each year, and many of these buildings perform very poorly in terms of energy efficiency. One of the major barriers to better building designs is the lack of tools to aid architects during the preliminary design stages. In order to address the need for feedback about building energy use early in the design process, a model was developed and implemented as a software design tool using the C++ programming language. The new program requires a limited amount of input from the user and runs simulations to predict heating and cooling loads for residential buildings. The user interface was created with the architect in mind, and it results in direct graphical comparisons of the energy requirements for different building designs. The simulations run hour by hour for the entire year using measured weather data. They typically complete in less than two seconds, allowing for very fast comparisons of different scenarios. A set of simulations was run to perform a comparison between the new program and an existing tool called Energy-10. Overall, the loads predicted by the two programs were in good agreement.
by Jonathan Y. Smith.
S.M.
Eichler, Martina. "Knowledge Management in Product Development Projects in Developing Countries - A Case Study." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246327.
Full textSyftet med detta examensarbete är att bidra till en minska kunskapsförlust och återskapandet av tekniska lösningar inom och mellan organisationer som bedriver produktutvecklingsprojekt i utvecklingsländer för att säkerställa tillväxt och förbättrad levnadsstandard. En undersökning av befintlig kunskapsdelning och kunskapshantering hos flera aktörer i ett produktutvecklingsprojekt i Quelimane, Moçambique utfördes. De involverade aktörerna är ideella och statliga organisationer och en grupp universitetsstudenter. Produktutvecklingsprojektet involverade design och implementering av en anaerob rötkammare under våren 2018. Samarbetet mellan några av aktörerna startades 2015 och kommer att fortsätta efter projektets slutförande. Blandade forskningsmetoder användes och intervjuer med öppna frågor genomfördes för den kvalitativa datainsamlingen. Data analyserades genom kodning för att hitta gemensamma faktorer och relationer. En litteraturundersökning och skrivbordsarbete genomfördes för att få detaljerad information om kunskapshantering och andra relaterade ämnen. Resultaten visade att alla organisationer som deltog i produktutvecklingsprocessen upplevde minst ett hinder för kunskapsöverföring i samband med deras ställning som en ideell organisation som bedriver produktutveckling i ett utvecklingsland. Definitionen av en strategi för kunskapshantering är lika viktig för ideella organisationer som för vinstdrivande organisationer, men nuvarande metoder för att välja en strategi behöver ändras för att passa den övergripande strategin för sådana organisationer. En definiering av en kunskapshanteringsstrategi och lämpliga kunskapsförvaltningsmetoder och aktiviteter kan bidra till minska kunskapsförlust och återskapandet av tekniska lösningar inom och mellan organisationer som bedriver produktutvecklingsprojekt i utvecklingsländer för att säkerställa tillväxt och förbättrad levnadsstandard.
Kursun, Berrin. "Towards Design of Sustainable Energy Systems in Developing Countries: Centralized and Localized Options." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373372115.
Full textJazayeri, Darius G. (Darius Graham) 1978. "TeleMedMail : a low-cost store-and-forward telemedicine system for use in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87216.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 90-91).
by Darius G. Jazayeri.
M.Eng.