Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sanitary engineering Developing countries

Academic literature on the topic 'Sanitary engineering Developing countries'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sanitary engineering Developing countries"

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TERASHIMA, Yutaka. "Cooperation with developing countries in environmental and sanitary engineering." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 17, no. 3 (1988): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.17.148.

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Silveira, A. L. L. "Problems of modern urban drainage in developing countries." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 7 (April 1, 2002): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0114.

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Socio-economic factors in developing countries make it more difficult to solve problems of urban drainage than in countries that are more advanced. Factors inhibiting the adoption of modern solutions include: (1) in matters of urban drainage, 19th-century sanitary philosophy still dominates; (2) both legal and clandestine land settlement limits the space that modern solutions require; (3) contamination of storm runoff by foul sewage, sediment and garbage prevents adoption of developed-country practices; (4) climatic and socio-economic factors favour the growth of epidemics where runoff is retained for flood-avoidance and to increase infiltration; (5) lack of a technological basis for adequate drainage management and design; (6) lack of the interaction between community and city administration that is needed to obtain modern solutions to urban drainage problems. Awareness of these difficulties is fundamental to the search for modern and viable solutions appropriate for developing countries.
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Harada, H., N. T. Dong, and S. Matsui. "A measure for provisional-and-urgent sanitary improvement in developing countries: septic-tank performance improvement." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 6 (October 1, 2008): 1305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.715.

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Although many cities have planed to develop sewerages in developing countries, sewerage establishment still requires huge investment and engineering efforts. Improvement of existing sanitation facilities may contribute the betterment of urban sanitation before sewerage establishment. The purpose of this study is to propose a measure to improve urban sanitation in areas where a sewerage development plan is proposed but has not been yet established, based on a case study in Hanoi, Vietnam. We found that 90.5% of human excreta flowed into septic tanks. However, 89.6% of septic tanks have never been desludged in the past and their performance was observed to be at a low level. The study also showed that if they introduce regular desludging with a frequency of once a year, they can eliminate 72.8% of COD loads from septic tanks. It was indicated that the performance can be dramatically recovered by regular desludging, which could contribute urban sanitation improvement in Hanoi. In conclusion, the performance recovery of septic tanks by regular desludging was proposed as a provisional-and-urgent measure for urban sanitation improvement, together with the septage treatment in sewage sludge treatment facilities, which should be established earlier than other facilities of sewage treatment systems.
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Ali, Mustafa, Wenping Wang, Nawaz Chaudhry, and Yong Geng. "Hospital waste management in developing countries: A mini review." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 6 (February 1, 2017): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17691344.

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Health care activities can generate different kinds of hazardous wastes. Mismanagement of these wastes can result in environmental and occupational health risks. Developing countries are resource-constrained when it comes to safe management of hospital wastes. This study summarizes the main issues faced in hospital waste management in developing countries. A review of the existing literature suggests that regulations and legislations focusing on hospital waste management are recent accomplishments in many of these countries. Implementation of these rules varies from one hospital to another. Moreover, wide variations exist in waste generation rates within as well as across these countries. This is mainly attributable to a lack of an agreement on the definitions and the methodology among the researchers to measure such wastes. Furthermore, hospitals in these countries suffer from poor waste segregation, collection, storage, transportation and disposal practices, which can lead to occupational and environmental risks. Knowledge and awareness regarding proper waste management remain low in the absence of training for hospital staff. Moreover, hospital sanitary workers, and scavengers, operate without the provision of safety equipment or immunization. Unsegregated waste is illegally recycled, leading to further safety risks. Overall, hospital waste management in developing countries faces several challenges. Sustainable waste management practices can go a long way in reducing the harmful effects of hospital wastes.
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Bartone, C. R., and S. Arlosoroff. "Irrigation Reuse of Pond Effluents in Developing Countries." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0159.

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The large-scale reuse of sewage for irrigation, often without adequate safeguards, is commonplace in many arid and semiarid regions of the world. A UNDP/World Bank global research project has reviewed available epidemiological data and formulated a risk model to evaluate sanitary control options for effluent irrigation. The study concluded that wastewater treatment processes that effectively remove all or most of the pathogens in wastewater provide a major or total reduction in the negative health effects caused by raw wastewater reuse. Furthermore, the study found the recommended criteria for effective wastewater treatment for irrigation reuse in developing countries to be, in order of priority: (1) maximum removal of helminths; (2) effective reduction in bacterial and viral pathogens; and (3) freedom from odor and appearance nuisances (i.e., reduction of BOD). Multicell stabilization ponds are suited to meet all three criteria. Research sponsored by the UNDP/World Bank project has shown that well-designed and operated multicell stabilization ponds achieve virtually total removal of helminths and a greater than 99.99 percent reduction of enteric bacteria. Waste stabilization ponds can produce an odor-free effluent rich in nutrients and attractive for agricultural use. Most suitable in hot developing countries, ponds are a particularly robust, flexible, and almost fail-safe treatment system having low construction and operation costs. Research is now focusing on management and policy issues required to effectively achieve controlled irrigation reuse.
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Lloyd, B. J., and J. K. Bartram. "Surveillance Solutions to Microbiological Problems in Water Quality Control in Developing Countries." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 2 (July 1, 1991): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0031.

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Many developing countries are failing to apply standard water quality control methods developed over almost a century in Europe and N America. In the search for simpler and cheaper methods inaccurate and spurious results are being reported in at least 10 countries in the S E Asian and Pacific regions. In countries where WHO is now promoting the development of water quality surveillance and improvement programmes the application of standard methods indicate that typically 70-85% of small supplies are faecally contaminated. Beyond the Water Decade the focus on increased coverage needs to be amplified to include improvement of the quality of service. To achieve the necessary improvements the limitations in conventional microbiological and chemical quality control must be recognised. This paper provides examples of an integrated surveillance strategy for progressive improvement. This approach involves a much greater emphasis on sanitary inspection whilst complementary critical parameter water testing is placed in a supporting role.
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Baptista, M., S. Barraud, E. Alfakih, N. Nascimento, W. Fernandes, P. Moura, and L. Castro. "Performance-costs evaluation for urban storm drainage." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0037.

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The design process of urban stormwater systems incorporating BMPs involves more complexity unlike the design of classic drainage systems for which just the technique of pipes is likely to be used. This paper presents a simple decision aid methodology and an associated software (AvDren) concerning urban stormwater systems, devoted to the evaluation and the comparison of drainage scenarios using BMPs according to different technical, sanitary, social environmental and economical aspects. This kind of tool is particularly interesting so as to help the decision makers to select the appropriate alternative and to plan the investments especially for developing countries, with important sanitary problems and severe budget restrictions.
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García-Espinoza, Josué Daniel, Irma Robles, Francisco J. Rodríguez-Valadez, Adrián Rodríguez-García, José A. Ramírez, Montserrat Hernández-Iturriaga, and Luis A. Godínez. "Electro-Fenton systems for “on-site” sanitary wastewater treatment: Towards an off-grid technology for developing countries." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 10, no. 3 (June 2022): 107954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.107954.

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Cutolo, Silvana A., Roque P. Piveli, Jéferson G. Santos, Célia R. Montes, Gilberto Sundefeld, Fábio Campos, Tamara M. Gomes, and Adolpho J. Melfi. "Parasitological risk assessment from wastewater reuse for disposal in soil in developing countries." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 8 (April 1, 2012): 1357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.012.

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The purpose of this work is to analyze the parasitological risks of treated wastewater reuse from a stabilization pond in the city of Piracicaba, in the State of São Paulo (Brazil), and the level of treatment required to protect public health. Samples were taken from raw and treated wastewater in stabilization ponds and submitted to a parasitological, microbiological and physicochemical analysis. The study revealed on treated wastewater the presence of Ascaris sp. and Entamoeba coli with an average density of 1 cysts L−1 and 6 eggs L−1, respectively. For Ascaris, the annual risks of infection due to the accidental ingestion of wastewater irrigation were 7.5 × 10−2 in 208 days and 8.7 × 10−2 in 240 days. For Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli in treated wastewater, the average density was 1.0 × 105 MPN/100 ml and 2.7 × 104 MPN/100 ml respectively, representing 99% and 94% removal efficiency, respectively. For BOD, COD, TS and TSS removal efficiency was 69, 80, 50 and 71%, respectively. The removal efficiency for nitrogen; ammonia nitrogen and total phosphate was 24, 19 and 68%, respectively. The average density of helminths eggs in treated wastewater is higher compared to the density of the limit value of ≤1 egg L−1 and tolerable risk is above the level recommended by the World Health Organization. Multiple barriers are necessary for the reduction of organic matter, chemical contaminants and parasites from treated wastewater. Standards for the sanitary control of treated wastewater to be reused in agricultural irrigation areas should be compiled for developing countries in order to minimize public health risks.
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Slompo, Nathalie Dyane Miranda, Larissa Quartaroli, Grietje Zeeman, Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro da Silva, and Luiz Antonio Daniel. "Black water treatment by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor: a pilot study." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 8 (October 15, 2019): 1505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.402.

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Abstract Decentralized sanitary wastewater treatment has become a viable and sustainable alternative, especially for developing countries and small communities. Besides, effluents may present variations in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen values. This study describes the feasibility of using a pilot upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor to treat wastewater with different organic loads (COD), using black water (BW) and sanitary wastewater, in addition to its potential for preserving nutrients for later recovery and/or reuse. The UASB reactor was operated continuously for 95 weeks, with a hydraulic retention time of 3 days. In Phase 1, the reactor treated simulated BW and achieved 77% CODtotal removal. In Phase 2, treating only sanitary wastewater, the CODtotal removal efficiency was 60%. Phase 3 treated simulated BW again, and CODtotal removal efficiency was somewhat higher than in Phase 1, reaching 81%. In Phase 3, the removal of pathogens was also evaluated: the efficiency was 1.96 log for Escherichia coli and 2.13 log for total coliforms. The UASB reactor was able to withstand large variations in the organic loading rate (0.09–1.49 kg COD m−3 d−1), in continuous operation mode, maintaining a stable organic matter removal.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sanitary engineering Developing countries"

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Gupta, Anika. "Design of an absorbent and comfortable sanitary napkin for applications in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89967.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "June 2014."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 38-39).
Menstrual hygiene is an often-ignored problem in international development: lack of access to sanitation keeps women out of schools and the labor force. Sanitary napkin solutions to this issue normally focus on supply chain and manufacturing. This study aims to look at solutions from a materials perspective, assessing available materials for the properties needed for a good napkin, and reviewing the literature for comparison between these and other materials. Tests for absorption, comfort, durability, and drying time are measured on materials ranging from foam to traditional cottons both individually and in combination. These tests include microscopy observations, retention and wicking rate, tensile resistance, stiffness, and roughness. Though no single design emerges as the most effective for this application, clear differences emerge across materials that narrow down the options for optimal design. This information, in conjunction with user testing, can be used to inform local designs for sanitary napkins across borders.
by Anika Gupta.
S.B.
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Still, Gwilym T. "Methods for reducing the cost of cementitious building components in developing countries, with particular reference to rainwater harvesting." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2342/.

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Cementitious building components, although widely used in low-income countries, are too expensive for many applications related to low-income housing. This thesis explores three options for reducing component cost: 1. Use of local fine aggregates, often with clay contamination, instead of low-fines sands transported from a distance. 2. Improved designs, to achieve better material economy. 3. Change of production environment, from on-site to component prefabrication followed by transport to site. Water storage tanks for rainwater harvesting were used as the example for component design, and as a case-study for considering the effect of changing the production environment. The work showed that: In some cases, use of local aggregates will give a cost saving of around 10%. Improved design can give significant reduction in materials usage, of up to 40%. Off-site prefabrication of components, followed by on-site assembly to produce the desired product, does not seem preferable to the prevelant practice of entirely on-site production from raw materials. However, factory-based manufacture of complete products, followed by transport to site, has a number of attractions over entirely on-site production. Out of the three options examined, improved component design offers the greatest benefits for the case study considered.
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Jain, Neera S. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Somin Lee. "Peanut oil press for developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36750.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-35).
Despite the problems with obesity that the United States is facing today, malnutrition, caused in part by severely low dietary fat consumption, remains a problem among many people living in Sub-Saharan Africa. According to the World Health Organization, one third of people in developing countries are malnourished as well as vitamin or mineral deficient. While villagers do not have access to commercially produced vegetable oil (a common source of dietary fat), nor are industrial scale oil extraction methods appropriate for small scale production. As a result, they turn to traditional methods, such as a mortar and pestle, to extract oil from peanuts, sunflower seeds, and other oil bearing seeds and nuts. This process is both time and labor intensive, and still does not yield sufficient amounts of oil to satisfy the need for it. The need for a small scale press is clear. This thesis introduces a simple design which achieves a yield of 46.9 mL per cup (U.S.) which matches the yield produced using industrial technologies. This corresponds to 153% increase in yield and 38.5% increase in rate over using traditional methods such as a mortar and pestle. The design consists of two fixed plates connected by four rods, with a third plate which slides along the four guide rods.
(cont.) A standard scissor jack is the mechanism by which the necessary pressure of 800-1000 psi is generated to extract the oil. A peanut container with a removable bottom holds the peanuts as they are pressed, and holes drilled into its cylindrical face allow the oil to spill out into a collection dish underneath the container. The entire design is compact, with a footprint of one square foot and a height of 22 inches. This is 12 times smaller than the Beilenberg ram press, the standard for small scale presses currently used in developing countries. Experimental results of the loading profile as function of time show that the jack does not need to be turned continuously once the oil begins to appear. This requires significantly less strength than current methods of oil extraction. Although future work is recommended to further develop and improve the press, it shows promise of alleviating the need for such a device in many impoverished parts of the world.
by Neera Jain and Somin Lee.
S.B.
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Lee, Daipan. "Peanut oil press redesign for Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40491.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-29).
One of the causes of malnutrition among the rural inhabitants of Sub-Saharan Africa is the high cost of dietary fats that are necessary to maintain normal body functions. Though the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN recommends an annual intake of 9.6 liters of dietary fats a year per person, some areas of Africa consume only about 1.5 liters annually. Many members of these communities lack the resources to purchase imported edible oils; locally produced peanut oil would provide a cheaper alternative. In addition, peanut production is particularly beneficial to farmers, as peanut plants enrich the soil they grow in. Once they have a steady supply of peanuts, the problem facing farmers is the inability to efficiently extract the oil from the nuts. The current design for human-powered rapid extraction is the Bielenberg ram press, which uses a lever to generate the required pressure needed to extract the oil. However, this design is not optimal for two reasons: it requires significant upper body strength to operate, and also, incorrect operation of the lever leads to only a fraction of the peanuts' oil content being extracted. For these reasons, this thesis focuses on a design modification originally proposed by a team in D-Lab Spring 2006.
(cont.) While the oil extracting mechanism was kept intact, the lever was replaced by a cam-and-follower system driven by treadles. By moving the driving motion from the upper body to the lower body of the user, the new design aims to address the ergonomics issue present in the Bielenberg ram press. The cam also allows optimization of the pressure profile for the peanuts. Research performed by Ravi Patel in 2007 has shown that a rapid buildup followed by a long period of followed by a gradual advancing of the piston will create the desired pressure characteristics to maximize output. An earlier attempt to convert the Bielenberg ram press into a treadle design yielded several insights into how the design could be improved. These insights have led to many design modifications, which are incorporated into the proposed redesign. This redesign is aimed at improving performance, reducing cost, and increasing the manufacturability of the press.
by Daipan Lee.
S.B.
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Wu, Jodie (Jodie Z. ). "Bicycle-powered attachments : designing for developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54536.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 35).
There are 550 million smallholder farmers around the world who earn less than $1/day who could benefit from pedal-powered attachments. This project discusses factors to consider in designing for developing countries and highlights experimental methods that help to optimize the power transmission of bicycle attachments. In comparing power transmission through three main modes off of bicycles, via chain drive and friction drive, this thesis proposes recommendations for design in developing countries, including the advantages of chain-driven attachments and considerations necessary for successful implementation.
by Jodie Wu.
S.B.
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Beukes, Edward Andrew. "Context sensitive road planning for developing countries." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10075.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 207-228).
The majority of South African urban poor live on the periphery of cities, travel long distances to work and school, and are dependent on public transport and walking or cycling (Non-Motorised Transport or NMT) for their travel needs. Road planning practice in South Africa continues to be largely automobile-centric. A need was identified to incorporate more contextual information into the transport planning process, to produce a more comprehensive, holistic and multimodal approach to practice. A description of the context, defined in terms of land use, socioeconomic, environmental and transport information, was developed and forms the basis of a method for making recommendations for road infrastructure provision. Data was incorporated using Spatial Multiple Criteria Assessment (SMCA), a Decision Support System and analysed in a GIS.
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Cao, Xinyuan. "Assessment of Clinical Engineering Departments in developing countries." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26594.

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This study was to evaluate the development level of Clinical Engineering Departments (CEDs) in hospitals in developing countries. The method of data collection was a survey done by structured questionnaire sent by Email and Listserv. In total, 61 responses (9% response rate) were grouped into two regions: Latin America (27 from Venezuela, Mexico, Brazil) and Asia (34 from India, Bangladesh, P.R. China, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa); The responses from those developing countries were compared with those from developed countries acquired in previous studies done by Frize and Glouhova. In this study, results indicate that CEDs that responded to the survey from developing countries have similar organizational structure as developed countries, but there are differences in personnel educational levels, responsibilities, and resources. We also identified differences in the level of development of CEDs in respondents from Asia and those from Latin America. The latter were more advanced overall than those in Asia, but CEDs in both regions need to improve their level of development. Future research should focus on collecting more data from CEDs of developing countries, and expand the quantitative analysis that will be possible with a larger sample.
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Callcott, A. E. "Microcomputers for civil engineering consultancy in developing countries." Thesis, Aston University, 1985. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/14250/.

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The civil engineering industry generally regards new methods and technology with a high amount of scepticism, preferring to use traditional and trusted methods. During the 1980s competition for civil engineering consultancy work in the world has become fierce. Halcrow recognised the need to maintain and improve their competitive edge over other consultants. The use of new technology in the form of microcomputers was seen to be one method to maintain and improve their repuation in the world. This thesis examines the role of microcomputers in civil engineering consultancy with particular reference to overseas projects. The involvement of civil engineers with computers, both past and present, has been investigated and a survey of the use of microcomputers by consultancies was carried out, the results are presented and analysed. A resume of the state-of-the-art of microcomputer technology was made. Various case studies were carried out in order to examine the feasibility of using microcomputers on overseas projects. One case study involved the examination of two projects in Bangladesh and is used to illustrate the requirements and problems encountered in such situations. Two programming applications were undertaken, a dynamic programming model of a single site reservoir and the simulation of the Bangladesh gas grid system. A cost-benefit analysis of a water resources project using microcomputers in the Aguan Valley, Honduras was carried out. Although the initial cost of microcomputers is often small, the overall costs can prove to be very high and are likely to exceed the costs of traditional computer methods. A planned approach for the use of microcomputers is essential in order to reap the expected benefits and recommendations for the implementation of such an approach are presented.
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Hoshino, Takashi. "Telecommunications development : policy recommendations for developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39058.

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Breitbach, Timothy W. "Supply chain financing in Developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112624.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
There is no definitive blueprint for ending poverty and increasing prosperity across the globe, but the World Bank argues that inclusive economic growth is critical to achieving global development goals. This thesis focuses on supply chain financing, and its potential to make a positive and lasting impact on people and businesses in resource-constrained environments. It seeks to develop a better understanding of how supply chain and finance structures impact profits, sales growth and risk. The two-phased research design seeks to address the gap in the supply chain and development literature on supply chain finance in small and medium sized firms in developing countries. The first phase consists of exploratory, semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in international development, financing and supply chain management. The exploratory interviews were used to develop an understanding of how relevant stakeholders think about and make supply chain finance decisions. Additionally, the interviews were used to identify a company and supply chain for a multiple case study upon which the second phase of research is based. The company is a clean energy product distributor that has partnered with one of the largest banks in Kenya to provide consumer financing for clean energy products. The case analysis includes an in-depth examination of the company's financial performance by sales channel, drawing upon sales records and accounting documents. Interviews were conducted with the company's management, suppliers, sales force, retailers and bank lending agents. The mixed methods case study is used to extend hypotheses developed during the exploratory interviews and further develop theory on the role of financing in developing country supply chains. The exploratory interviews and case study are used to develop a framework of how stakeholders in consumer durable goods markets think about scale in developing countries. The World Bank's Logistics Performance Index (LPI) and Doing Business Report (DBR) data sets are used to demonstrate how organizations can base supply chain decisions on infrastructure, logistics and governance structures within a country. This research can be used by for-profit and not-for-profit entities when making resource allocation and supply chain design decisions in developing markets.
by Timothy W. Breitbach.
Ph. D. in Engineering Systems
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Books on the topic "Sanitary engineering Developing countries"

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Field guide to environmental engineering for development workers: Water, sanitation, and indoor air. Reston, Va: ASCE, 2009.

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1947-, Feachem Richard G., ed. Environmental health engineering in the tropics: An introductory text. 2nd ed. Chichester: J. Wiley, 1993.

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Rouse, Jonathan. Vehicles for people or people for vehicles?: Issues in waste collection. Leicetershire, UK: Water, Engeneering and Development Centre, Loughborough University, 2002.

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Agency, Canadian International Development. Water, sanitation and development: Water and sanitation sector development issues paper. Hull, Que: Canadian International Development Agency, 1988.

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Pickford, John. Low-cost sanitation: A survey of practical experience. London: Intermediate Technology, 1995.

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D, Jeffery T., ed. Hydraulic ram pumps: A guide to ram pump water supply systems. London: Intermediate Technology Publications, 1992.

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Korpela, Mikko. Ergonomics of developing countries. Helsinki: University of Helsinki, Institute of Development Studies, 1988.

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Highway and traffic engineering in developing countries. London: E & FN Spon, 1996.

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Bilham, Tim. Distance education in engineering for developing countries. [London]: Overseas Development Administration, 1995.

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Bent, Thagesen, ed. Highway and traffic engineering in developing countries. London: E & FN Spon, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sanitary engineering Developing countries"

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Leistner, Lothar, and Grahame W. Gould. "Applications in Developing Countries." In Food Engineering Series, 91–143. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0743-7_8.

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Paul, P. K., Vijender Kumar Solanki, and Vinit Kumar Gunjan. "Need of iSchools in Developing Countries." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 517–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3125-5_52.

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Kam, Kui Lin, Hoe Tung Yew, and Yuan Wen Hau. "Introduction of Telecardiology and Challenges in Developing Countries." In Cardiovascular Engineering, 125–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8405-8_5.

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Sholarin, Ebenezer A., and Joseph L. Awange. "Challenges of Applying EnvPM in Developing Countries." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 393–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27651-9_20.

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Roberts, Donald V. "Recycling Technologies and Engineering Challenges." In New Generic Technologies in Developing Countries, 214–20. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25836-9_11.

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Sharma, Sanjay K., and Alka Sharma. "Green Corrosion Inhibitors: Status in Developing Countries." In Green Corrosion Chemistry and Engineering, 157–80. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527641789.ch6.

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Moondra, Nandini, R. A. Christian, and N. D. Jariwala. "Microalgae and Sewage Treatment for Developing Countries." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 41–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2826-9_4.

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Benthouex, Paul M., and David K. Stevens. "Reliability Engineering for Appropriate Environmental Technology." In Appropriate Waste Management for Developing Countries, 65–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2457-7_5.

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Bissyandé, Tegawendé F., Jonathan Ouoba, Daouda Ahmat, Arthur D. Sawadogo, and Zakaria Sawadogo. "Bootstrapping Software Engineering Training in Developing Countries." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 261–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16886-9_27.

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Tanui, J. K. and, and F. M. Mwema. "Online Teaching in Universities in Developing Countries." In Engineering Pedagogy Towards Outcome-Based Education, 67–82. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003083160-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sanitary engineering Developing countries"

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"Value Engineering in Developing Countries." In International Conference Data Mining, Civil and Mechanical Engineering. International Institute of Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iie.e0215041.

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Calderon, Humberto, Milenka Balboa, and Sthephan Caba. "Postgraduate Schools in Developing Countries." In 2018 World Engineering Education Forum - Global Engineering Deans Council (WEEF-GEDC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/weef-gedc.2018.8629734.

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Yorke Gambhir, Hannah, Neeha Rahman, Ellen Van Wijngaarden, Ria Shah, Roshan Roy, Melina Tahami, and Marina Freire-Gormaly. "Hemodialysis Machine For Developing Countries." In Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress (2021 : Charlottetown, PE). Charlottetown, P.E.I.: University of Prince Edward Island. Robertson Library, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32393/csme.2021.82.

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Zarog, Musaab. "Engineering Research Impact in Developing Countries." In 2022 International Conference on Science and Technology (ICOSTECH). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icostech54296.2022.9828807.

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Roberts, J. R. "Training biomedical engineers in developing countries." In IEE Colloquium on Education for Biomedical Science and Engineering. IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19950148.

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Choh, Octa, and Lulu J. Zhu. "Urban Transportation Development in the Developing Countries." In International Pacific Conference On Automotive Engineering. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/931927.

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Yu, L., R. Fauvel, G. Reader, and G. Walker. "Application of the Fluidyne in Developing Countries." In 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (1992). 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/929389.

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Engelseth, P., Y. Handayati, and M. Widyarini. "On economizing local foods networks in developing countries." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2017.8290233.

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Silva de Freitas, Claudio Cesar. "Social Empowerment through Engineering Education in Developing Countries." In 2018 World Engineering Education Forum - Global Engineering Deans Council (WEEF-GEDC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/weef-gedc.2018.8629700.

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"9 Low Cost IT for Developing Countries." In CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering Volume VI: Information Technology . St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.21697.

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Reports on the topic "Sanitary engineering Developing countries"

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Lee, Hong Soo, and Ashna Singh. Adequate and Affordable Housing: Enhancing ADB’s Support to Developing Member Countries. Asian Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220353-2.

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The pandemic has highlighted the importance of sanitary, affordable, and secure housing. This publication shares lessons from Asian Development Bank (ADB) assistance in the housing sector between 2000 and 2020. It notes the need to balance supporting the poor and vulnerable with making markets work better. The authors identify two essential components of an effective housing ecosystem: (i) well-targeted subsidies for low-income households, and (ii) housing finance and supply for middle-income households that enables them to pay their own way.
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Mayfield, Colin. Higher Education in the Water Sector: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/guxy9244.

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Higher education related to water is a critical component of capacity development necessary to support countries’ progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) overall, and towards the SDG6 water and sanitation goal in particular. Although the precise number is unknown, there are at least 28,000 higher education institutions in the world. The actual number is likely higher and constantly changing. Water education programmes are very diverse and complex and can include components of engineering, biology, chemistry, physics, hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, geography, earth sciences, public health, sociology, law, and political sciences, to mention a few areas. In addition, various levels of qualifications are offered, ranging from certificate, diploma, baccalaureate, to the master’s and doctorate (or equivalent) levels. The percentage of universities offering programmes in ‘water’ ranges from 40% in the USA and Europe to 1% in subSaharan Africa. There are no specific data sets available for the extent or quality of teaching ‘water’ in universities. Consequently, insights on this have to be drawn or inferred from data sources on overall research and teaching excellence such as Scopus, the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, the Times Higher Education, the Ranking Web of Universities, the Our World in Data website and the UN Statistics Division data. Using a combination of measures of research excellence in water resources and related topics, and overall rankings of university teaching excellence, universities with representation in both categories were identified. Very few universities are represented in both categories. Countries that have at least three universities in the list of the top 50 include USA, Australia, China, UK, Netherlands and Canada. There are universities that have excellent reputations for both teaching excellence and for excellent and diverse research activities in water-related topics. They are mainly in the USA, Europe, Australia and China. Other universities scored well on research in water resources but did not in teaching excellence. The approach proposed in this report has potential to guide the development of comprehensive programmes in water. No specific comparative data on the quality of teaching in water-related topics has been identified. This report further shows the variety of pathways which most water education programmes are associated with or built in – through science, technology and engineering post-secondary and professional education systems. The multitude of possible institutions and pathways to acquire a qualification in water means that a better ‘roadmap’ is needed to chart the programmes. A global database with details on programme curricula, qualifications offered, duration, prerequisites, cost, transfer opportunities and other programme parameters would be ideal for this purpose, showing country-level, regional and global search capabilities. Cooperation between institutions in preparing or presenting water programmes is currently rather limited. Regional consortia of institutions may facilitate cooperation. A similar process could be used for technical and vocational education and training, although a more local approach would be better since conditions, regulations and technologies vary between relatively small areas. Finally, this report examines various factors affecting the future availability of water professionals. This includes the availability of suitable education and training programmes, choices that students make to pursue different areas of study, employment prospects, increasing gender equity, costs of education, and students’ and graduates’ mobility, especially between developing and developed countries. This report aims to inform and open a conversation with educators and administrators in higher education especially those engaged in water education or preparing to enter that field. It will also benefit students intending to enter the water resources field, professionals seeking an overview of educational activities for continuing education on water and government officials and politicians responsible for educational activities
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STEM and Education Technology in Bangladesh, Cambodia, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Uzbekistan: A Synthesis Report. Asian Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr220247.

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This publication focuses on the state of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education and education technology (EdTech) in Bangladesh, Cambodia, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Uzbekistan. The studies conducted from May 2020 to May 2021 include situation analysis reports on STEM education and EdTech for each country in the general education subsectors (primary and secondary). The publication covers discussions of the findings from the studies, identifies gaps and potential intervention areas, and provides policy and intervention recommendations for the four developing member countries of ADB.
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