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1
Kuchma, Vladislav R., N. Yu Kuchma, and E. V. Naryshkina. "Activities of the district sanitary and epidemiological service of Moscow during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 5 (July 7, 2020): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-5-468-473.
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The analysis of data and publications concerning the activities of the sanitary and epidemiological service (SES) during The World War II has been made in the memory of the 75th anniversary of the historical Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. An expert and analytical study was performed. There was a report of the work of the state sanitary Inspection and Sanitary-epidemiological station of the Kirovsky district of Moscow in 1944. The effort of the sanitary service of the Kirovsky district in 1944 allowed performing the supervision on controlled objects by 162.3% and restored the house water pipes and sewers which were destroyed in the past winter; to improve the housing stock of the district; to renovate and provide equipment of the hostel, to improve the content of dormitories and eliminate lice, to open 4 new kindergartens and nursery toddlers ‘ groups and to improve the sanitary condition and maintenance of children’s institutions, to organize the summer improving children’s company, to repair schools, to improve nutrition in child care, to improve health of workers and the maintenance of industrial and municipal enterprises, to reduce the incidence of injuries at the leading industrial enterprises, to improve the working conditions of Junior enterprises, to reduce the number of occupational diseases and occupational injuries; to reduce the incidence of influenza, dysentery, diphtheria and malaria, to exceed the preventive vaccination plan ahead of time, to achieve almost complete (98.3%) hospitalization of epidemic patients, to organize connections with public health instructors, to exceed the work plans of all SES laboratories, to perform scientific and practical work. Conclusion. The work of the state sanitary Inspection and sanitary inspection Service of the Kirovsky district of Moscow in 1944 provided an appropriate level of sanitary conditions at enterprises, institutions and the territory of the district. Military difficulties and limited human resources did not affect on the use of the main forms of work of the service: preventive and routine sanitary supervision, laboratory and instrumental research methods, vaccination, public health education, and administrative measures.
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Kuchma, Vladislav R., N. Yu Kuchma, and E. V. Naryshkina. "Activities of the district sanitary and epidemiological service of Moscow during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 5 (July 7, 2020): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-5-468-473.
Full textAbstract:
The analysis of data and publications concerning the activities of the sanitary and epidemiological service (SES) during The World War II has been made in the memory of the 75th anniversary of the historical Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. An expert and analytical study was performed. There was a report of the work of the state sanitary Inspection and Sanitary-epidemiological station of the Kirovsky district of Moscow in 1944. The effort of the sanitary service of the Kirovsky district in 1944 allowed performing the supervision on controlled objects by 162.3% and restored the house water pipes and sewers which were destroyed in the past winter; to improve the housing stock of the district; to renovate and provide equipment of the hostel, to improve the content of dormitories and eliminate lice, to open 4 new kindergartens and nursery toddlers ‘ groups and to improve the sanitary condition and maintenance of children’s institutions, to organize the summer improving children’s company, to repair schools, to improve nutrition in child care, to improve health of workers and the maintenance of industrial and municipal enterprises, to reduce the incidence of injuries at the leading industrial enterprises, to improve the working conditions of Junior enterprises, to reduce the number of occupational diseases and occupational injuries; to reduce the incidence of influenza, dysentery, diphtheria and malaria, to exceed the preventive vaccination plan ahead of time, to achieve almost complete (98.3%) hospitalization of epidemic patients, to organize connections with public health instructors, to exceed the work plans of all SES laboratories, to perform scientific and practical work. Conclusion. The work of the state sanitary Inspection and sanitary inspection Service of the Kirovsky district of Moscow in 1944 provided an appropriate level of sanitary conditions at enterprises, institutions and the territory of the district. Military difficulties and limited human resources did not affect on the use of the main forms of work of the service: preventive and routine sanitary supervision, laboratory and instrumental research methods, vaccination, public health education, and administrative measures.
3
Shaikhutdinov, F. G., V. V. Podosinovsky, Z. Z. Asadullina, E. V. Fadeeva, and N. M. Shakurova. "Sanitary and toxicological certification of new dyes of aniline derivatives." Kazan medical journal 74, no. 6 (December 15, 1993): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj71431.
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Organic dyes, including aniline derivatives, are widely used in the national economy. The volume of their production is constantly increasing, new compounds are being developed, the degree of danger of which to humans is unknown. This determines the relevance of the primary sanitary and hygienic certification of its derivatives at the stage of laboratory and experimental industrial synthesis. Occupational risk in the production and use of dyes is due to direct contact of workers (inhalation and skin) with such compounds that are highly toxic, irritating, skin-resorptive, allergenic and long-term effects (mutagenic, embryotropic, teratogenic, carcinogenic).
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Prokopenko, A. A., N. E. Wanner, I. V. Kushch, G. V. Filipenkova, S. I. Novikova, and V. M. Bahir. "DISINFECTION TECHNOLOGY OF VETERINARY AND SANITARY OBJECTS BY DIRECTED AEROSOLS OF ANOLYTE PEROX." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 3 (2020): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202003006.
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Studies conducted under industrial conditions in the premises for the maintenance of small (laboratory) and farm animals showed that the electrochemically activated solution of anolyte Perox containing active chlorine 40...50 mg/l, mineralization 0,5...1,0 g/l, pH 6,0 in the form of directed aerosols ensures the destruction of Escherichia coli, staphylococci and fungi on the surfaces of rooms and equipment at a drug flow rate of 200 ml/m2 and exposure for 24 hours. Based on the results of the conducted research, the document «Technology of disinfection of objects of veterinary and sanitary supervision with directed aerosols of anolyte Perox» was developed for veterinary practice.
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Гаврикова and E. Gavrikova. "Elaboration of Measures for Improvement of Labor Conditions and Labor Protection of Agro-Industrial Complex Workers." Safety in Technosphere 3, no. 2 (April 25, 2014): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3671.
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The analysis related to air’s bacterial content in working zone of livestock and poultry-farming rooms, and plants on
utilization of veterinary and sanitary rejects has been carried out. Regression dependences between bacterial aerosol
concentration, level of immunity and incidence of workers have been established. An overall having higher protective
characteristics at contact with bacterial factor on comparison with existing overalls has been developed. A way and device
for express definition of microorganisms’ content in overalls materials have been offered. Extraction of microorganisms
from overalls’ fabrics and materials is carried out by condensation method on Peltier module cooled surface. Calculation
of module’s elements has been made. A new disinfecting additive to detergent based on peroxide compounds allowing
combine operations of special clothes’ washing and disinfection has been developed and approved in laboratory conditions.
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Valeev, Timur K., Yury A. Rakhmanin, Rafail A. Suleimanov, Alla G. Malysheva, Ahat B. Bakirov, Nail R. Rakhmatullin, Liliana R. Rakhmatullina, Rustem A. Daukaev, and Zulfia B. Baktybaeva. "Experience on the environmental and hygienic assessment of water pollution in the territories referred to oil refining and petrochemical complexes." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 9 (October 20, 2020): 886–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-9-886-893.
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Introduction. Wastewater contaminated with oil, demulsifiers, hydrogen sulfide, ammonium sulfide, phenol, sulfates, aromatic hydrocarbons, alkali, fatty acids, various solutes, etc. is formed at oil refining and petrochemical enterprises. Runoff entering surface and underground water sources can harm water quality, sanitary conditions of life, and water use of the population. Taking this into account, further improvement of scientific approaches to ensure the safety of water bodies that are sources of drinking and recreational use, assessment, and prevention of public health risks caused by water factors is of particular importance. Material and methods. To assess the degree of influence of industrial enterprises on the quality of water sources, we studied the sanitary condition of the Belaya River and its tributaries, as well as underground water lying in the area of oil refining and petrochemical industries. The analysis of the water quality of surface and underground water sources according to the data of laboratory studies of departmental laboratories; the results of scientific and practical research and publications on the studied problem for 1999-2019. Results. Materials of observation data show that wastewater from changes of industrial enterprises the sanitary condition of surface reservoirs: there is a decrease in the content of ammonium nitrogen and biological oxygen consumption indices and a significant increase in the content of nitrates, chlorides, sulfates, and petroleum products. Surface water sources are characterized by unfavorable organoleptic characteristics, high organic pollution, and the presence of specific compounds (petroleum products, surfactants, alpha-methylstyrol, benzene, toluene, isopropylbenzene, and hydrogen sulfide) in concentrations higher than their hygiene regulations. Underground waters located on the territories of the main industrial complexes are characterized by high mineralization, extremely high hardness, high content of iron, nitrates, and petroleum products. Conclusion. Refineries and petrochemicals affect the pollution of surface and underground water sources. The water quality of the surveyed water bodies does not meet sanitary and hygienic standards. The priority indices of the influence of the enterprises of branch on water bodies include organoleptic indices of organic pollution indices of total salts composition of water, the content of specific ingredients: oil, benzene, toluene, isopropyl, alpha-methyl styrene, xylene, cresol, kerosene, gasoline, fuel oil, ethylene, propylene, 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene, phenols (volatile), methyl mercaptan, nonionic and anion-active surfactants, biological oxygen consumption indices and others. The research made it possible to assess the level of pollution of water bodies located in the zone of industrial enterprises and develop measures to reduce the man-made impact on the environment and public health.
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Gorbanev, Sergey A., Ol’ga L. Markova, Gennady B. Yeremin, Natalya A. Mozzhukhina, Olga I. Kopytenkova, and Aleksandr O. Karelin. "Features of hygienic assessment of atmospheric air quality in the area of the location of the enterprise for the production of mineral fertilizers." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-8-755-761.
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Introduction. The problematic environmental situation in the industrialized territories requires precise management decisions to ensure the excellent quality of atmospheric air to protect public health. Information on the atmospheric air quality is based on data from various monitoring systems: socio- hygienic, environmental, production control, as well as the results of control measures carried out by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) and Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation (Rosprirodnadzor)). Materials and methods. The analysis of normative permissible emissions, sanitary protection zones projects, the results of socio-hygienic and environmental monitoring, production control, as well as carried out own laboratory and instrumental laboratory and instrumental studies of 130 samples of atmospheric air in the sanitary protection zone of the chemical industry enterprise and the nearest residential area. The research was based on the North-West Public Health Research Center and the chemical-analytical centre “Arbitrage” D.I. Mendeleev Research Institute for metrology. Results. According to various monitoring systems and the results of own research, on the territory of residential buildings, the concentrations of pollutants did not exceed the MAC, mainly corresponded to the design values. However, the ammonia content in the atmospheric air on the territory of the nearest building to the enterprise exceeded the calculated design values by three times. At the border of the industrial site of the enterprise for ammonia and diPhosphorpentaoxide, concentrations comparable to the MAC were recorded, while hydrochloric acid and gaseous fluorides were not detected either at the border of the industrial site or in the nearest residential development. Conclusions. The programs of air quality control monitoring are based on the research and analysis of the project documentation. The developed scheme for monitoring atmospheric air can be applied to assess atmospheric air quality in areas around mineral fertilizer production enterprises.
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Andreeva, A. V., O. N. Nikolaeva, and I. R. Magadeeva. "Assessment of safety of slaughter products in cattle fasciolosis." Vsyo o myase, no. 5S (November 30, 2020): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2071-2499-2020-5s-30-32.
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The aim of the study was a veterinary and sanitary assessment of meat and slaughter products in cattle fasciosis. To achieve the goal, depending on the intensity and extensiveness of fasciolous invasion, meat carcasses received by the laboratory of veterinary and sanitary examination of the market were divided into four groups: with a low degree of invasion; with a moderate degree of invasion; with a high degree of invasion and no signs of invasion. Safety assessment of slaughter products was carried out using organoleptic, physicochemical indices, bacterioscopic examination of smears and microbiological analysis of meat. As a result of the studies, it was found that the infection of cattle with fasciosis leads to changes in the organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of meat. The strongest deviations in physicochemical indicators were recorded in the group with a strong degree of invasion: the reaction with copper sulfate and the formal reaction turned out to be slightly positive. In sanitary microbiological examination, no bacteria of the E. coli group, bacteria of the genus Proteus, bacteria of the genera Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were found in all the studied samples, indicating the safety of meat. However, the total bacterial obscurity in samples from carcasses of the group with a strong degree of invasion exceeded the normative indicators (3,0 103±0,18 KOE/g).Therefore, cattle meat with a high degree of contamination should be sent for industrial processing within five days after slaughter.
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Eliovich, I. G., A. V. Meltser, I. Sh Iakubova, P. R. Alloyarov, O. A. Istorik, E. N. Pankina, and A. Yu Zhirnov. "IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIO-HYGIENIC MONITORING AT WORKER’S OCCUPATIONAL CONDITIONS WITH THE USE OF PRODUCTION CONTROL." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-4-339-343.
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Introduction the aim of the study. The implementation of risk-oriented model organization of the control and supervision activities of Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing with the assessment system of potential dangerous objects requires the creation of multiannual reliable database about the occupational working conditions which must include results of the production control for enterprises of all industries of the national economics of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study was to study the effectiveness of the use of the production control (PC) results of working conditions for the provision of sanitary - epidemiological wellbeing of the population. Material and methods. The study was conducted on materials of Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing on the Leningrad region, Petrostat for 2009-2012. In analysis there were included software and PC results of working conditions in 420 industrial enterprises of various branches of the Leningrad region industry. To develop a regional model of PC program planning based on critical control points there was chosen the major refinery in the Leningrad region - Limited Liability Company “Production Association” Kirishinefteorgsintez “(LLC “PA “KINEF”). 3960 protocols of laboratory and instrumental investigation results of working conditions were made for the purpose of PC control on LLC “PA “Kinef” and 1921 protocols of PC results - on 420 industrial enterprises of the Leningrad region were analyzed. Results. The performed analysis revealed a number of problems to the application of PC results for the aim of working conditions optimization of employees, planning disease prevention program and the assessment of object’s sanitary-hygienic wellbeing. The method of critical control points (CCPs) in the planning of PC programs on the large industrial enterprises is proposed to use. On the example of “Kinef” there was shown the efficiency of the use of CCPs in order to optimize the PC programs. There was developed and implemented the regional model of the use of PC programs which allows to solve the problem of the significant increase of preventive orientation and efficiency of PC program at enterprises of all sectors of the national economy of the Russian Federation as an important element of the management of sanitary - epidemiological population wellbeing regarding to the maintenance of healthy and safe working conditions. Conclusions. Existing legal regulatory and methodological framework regulating the organization and performance of PC control and social - hygienic monitoring in the Russian Federation requires significant changes and additions what allow to increase the reliability of the objects classification on groups of sanitary-epidemiological wellbeing and to realize a risk-oriented approach to control and oversight activities.
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Zaritskaya, Ekaterina V., E. V. Polozova, and A. S. Bogacheva. "MODERN ALTERNATIVE TOXICOLOGICAL RESEARCH METHODS AND PROSPECTS OF THEIR USE IN PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-7-671-674.
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Based on literature review and own experience, grounds for necessity of toxicological assessment of goods and ecological state are given. As industry and economical activity develops, new chemicals, materials and goods appear, the problem of environmental protection and human chemical safety is becoming increasingly crucial. According to the legislation of most civilized countries, including Russian Federation, all chemicals, materials, goods, industrial waste and consumption residue which are potentially dangerous for humans must pass toxicological expert examination. Classical toxicological study techniques of chemicals, products and goods containing them, are labor-and time-consuming, expensive and as a rule require a lot of laboratory animals of various species. Moreover, the use of mammals is embarrassing from an ethical point of view. Therefore in late decades a search for new alternative techniques and instruments which could reliably reflect the effect of various toxicants on human body is actively being carried out. Sanitary-toxicological methods are shown to be predominantly used for the quality assessment and regulation of the production and environmental objects, especially in perfumes and cosmetics examination due to the prohibition of testing of cosmetics and its ingredients on animals in European Union countries. General characteristics and availability of the determination of the toxicity with the use of alternative testing techniques, such as computer toxicity simulation (in silico techniques), grouping of similar chemicals into categories, laboratory research (in chemico, ex vivo, in vitro methods) are reported. Characteristics of up-to-date alternative techniques which are most widely used in sanitary-toxicological studies are shown.
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НИКУЛОВА, Л. В., Э. О. САЙТХАНОВ, and М. Н. БРИТАН. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF NITRATES IN THE PLANT PRODUCTS OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF THE REGION." VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM P A KOSTYCHEVA, no. 1(49) (March 30, 2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36508/rsatu.2021.49.1.006.
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Проблема и цель. Цель исследования заключалась в проведении сравнительной токсикологической оценки продукции агропромышленного комплекса по содержанию нитратов. Методология. В статье рассматривается методика определения содержания нитратов с помощью портативного нитрат-тестера с целью мониторинга и установления токсикологической безопасности растительной пищевой продукции для населения. Объектом исследований явилась растительная продукция АПК. Исследования были проведены в условиях кафедры ветеринарносанитарной экспертизы, акушерства, хирургии и внутренних болезней животных федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Рязанский государственный агротехнологический университет имени П. А. Костычева» в 2015-2020 г. в лаборатории ветеринарной фармакологии и токсикологии. Результаты. В работе представлена сравнительная количественная оценка показателей содержания нитратов в растительной продукции овощей и фруктов в различных районах региона. Установлено незначительное превышение нормы – 135 мг/кг против 80 мг/кг ПДК по содержанию нитратов в луке; в картофеле уровень нитратов установлен по верхней границе нормы – 250 мг/ кг.; в лимоне было установлено превышение уровня нитратов в 2 раза по сравнению с нормой ПДК. Повышенное их содержание, встречающееся в растительной продукции, создает опасность отравления животных и человека. Заключение. Таким образом, проведение токсикологической оценки способствует своевременному контролю уровня содержания нитратов в растениеводческой продукции, что позволяет своевременно принимать меры к недопущению продукции с высоким содержанием азотистых соединений в реализацию населению. Снизить уровень накопления нитратов, как природного соединения, возможно и необходимо. Таким образом, получение «экологически чистой» продукции возможно при соблюдении требований ветеринарно-санитарного контроля, что, в свою очередь, позволит снизить риск загрязнение окружающей среды. Problem and goal. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative veterinary and sanitary toxicological assessment of the products of the agro-industrial complex in terms of the content of nitrates. Methodology. The article deals with the method of determining the content of nitrates using a portable nitrate tester in order to monitor and establish the veterinary, sanitary and toxicological safety of plant food products for the population. The object of research was the plant products of the agro-industrial complex. The research was conducted in the conditions of the Department of Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, Obstetrics, Surgery and Internal Diseases of Animals of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P. A. Kostychev" in 2015-2020 in the laboratory of "Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology". Results. The work presents a comparative quantitative assessment of the indicators of the content of nitrates in vegetable products of vegetables and fruits in diferent regions of the region. Installed slight excess of 135 mg/kg to 80 mg/kg concentrations of nitrate in Luque; in the potato, the nitrate level is set at the upper normal limit of 250 mg/kg; in the lemon were found above the level of nitrates in 2 times in comparison with the norm MAC. The increased content of these substances, which is found in plant products, creates a risk of poisoning animals and humans. Conclusion. Thus, the veterinary and sanitary toxicological assessment contributes to the timely control of the level of nitrates in crop products, which in turn allows timely measures to prevent products with a high content of nitrogenous compounds from being sold to the population. It is possible and necessary to reduce the level of accumulation of nitrates as a natural compound. To this end, we recommend that when growing all crops, strictly observe the maximum permissible standards for the application of nitrogen fertilizers, which guarantee the production of" environmentally friendly " products and exclude environmental pollution.
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Brodovsky, V., and V. Kovbasenko. "ОБСІМЕНІННЯ САЛЬМОНЕЛАМИ ЯЛОВИЧИНИ І СВИНИНИ, ЯКІ НАДХОДЯТЬ В РЕАЛІЗАЦІЮ З ПРИСАДИБНИХ І ФЕРМЕРСЬКИХ ГОСПОДАРСТВ." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 18, no. 3(71) (October 16, 2016): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7104.
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Today in Ukraine, nearly all the meat that comes for sale on the agro–industrial markets, produced in farms and private households, where the conditions to receive it, unfortunately, do not guarantee its sanitary quality. Meat rarely get from sick animals are not always fulfilled the requirements for slaughtering and primary processing of carcasses, storage and transportation. Such violations may result in contamination of the slaughter of microorganisms, including salmonella, in turn, contribute to the occurrence of damage processes meat and risks of occurrence of food poisoning, and therefore is a threat to consumers.According to international requirements and the state «the minimum list of research ...» microflora content in meat rationed and microbiological research of meat and meat products are required. But in a state laboratories of veterinary–sanitary expertise in markets, livestock microbiologically investigate.Given the above, we examined the degree of contamination with salmonella carcasses of cattle and pigs that come for sale on the markets of agro farms and private households, salmonella. The study was carried out of the market. Mykolaiv. Research subject carcasses that passed veterinary and sanitary examination in terms of state laboratory of veterinary–sanitary examination of the market, the results of which were accepted for implementation.The results of our studies on pig carcasses 11.1% and 9.1% of carcasses of cattle that came to the market and were made to implement, isolated salmonella Worms for serological and biochemical properties were attributed to serovariantiv S. typhimurium (25.0% ), S. enteritidis (18.7%), S. cholera suis (37.5%) and S. raratyphi (18.7%).Further studies to determine the pathogenic properties of isolated cultures found that 93.7% of them are pathogenic properties inherent in varying degrees, and 18.7% of selected crops (serovarianty S. cholera suis and S. typhimurium) found a high degree of pathogenicity.Investigation of the thermal stability of isolated cultures set high temperature resistant crops serovariantiv S. cholera suis and S. typhimurium – death at a temperature of 90 °C drew after 10 minutes.Our results indicate that under the current system status monitoring safety of meat, there is no preventive aspect, required by international standards, and meat which is sold in the markets can be a source of food poisoning and salmonellosis etiology constitute a danger for the consumer.
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Yegorov, B., and N. Batievskaya. "QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF COMPOUND FEEDS IN THE FORM OF MIXTURE CRUMBS." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 20, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v20i1.1693.
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As the development of the feed industry is characterized by the intensification of technological processes aimed primarily at improving sanitary quality, the methods of preliminary wet-heat preparation of mixed fodder, in particular, the application of expansion to the granulation process, has been presented in the article. The effect of heat treatment on the nutrient absorption of individual ingredients of compound feed has been the subject of many research. In general, the wet-heat treatment of compound feed can improve the digestibility of nutrients, including proteins, amino acids and carbohydrates. The purpose of the work and the tasks of research were set. The purpose the work was introduction of advanced technology in production compound feed in the form blend of crumbs and determination of their zootechnical quality. The generalization of the conducted analytical and experimental studies allowed develop the advanced of technology granulation in the form blend crumbs, which will increase the output of finished products. Was developed biological value assessment and аssessment of livestock value compound feed in the form blend of crumbs. Studies have been conducted. Experimental studies were conducted at the Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies. Industrial approbation of the developed, advanced technology production compound feed in the form blend of crumbs, was done in industrial conditions of a branch of a public joint stock company "State Food and Grain Corporation of Ukraine" "Izyumsky plant bakery products". A biological experiment was conducted on laboratory animals at the base of the biochemistry laboratory of the Institute of Dentistry and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. Zootechnical studies, to evaluate the productive action effectiveness compound feed in the form blend of crumbs for young broiler chickens, were carried out under industrial conditions of the "Grain Club". Thus, еfficiency of use compound feed in the form blend of crumbs, has been evaluated in experiments on white rats Wistar line (biological assessment), and Cobb 500 cross broiler chickens (zoological assessment).
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SEMYACHKOV, Alexander, and Victoria POCHECHUN. "ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY OF MINING INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-2-215-223.
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In the work, on the basis of our own field and laboratory studies of the components of the environment, the regularities of the natural and technogenic metal content of the territory of the Middle Urals were established; the mining complex was assessed as a source of pollutant flows into the environment; the formation of flows of pollutants in the environment under the influence of technogenic and mineral formations has been investigated; it is proposed to divide all pollutants, according to their source of entry into the environment, into atmospheric and hydrogenic flows of mining complexes. The problem is that the methodologies for setting maximum permissible emissions (MPE) and normative permissible discharge (NPD) are practically the same. They cover the assessment of the background concentrations of pollutants in the studied media, the assessment of pollution sources, the establishment on the basis of the dilution (mixing) processes of the predicted concentrations (at the border of the sanitary protection zone or in the control section) and the development of the permissible level of the impact of source into the element of the environment in g / h or in t / year with guaranteed quality assurance). Unfortunately, the methodologies used in standardizing the impact of mining and metallurgical complexes on the environment do not take into account a number of aspects, mainly geochemical, which often leads to the formalization of this process with subsequent negative environmental consequences. The objects of research considered in this work were the mining and metallurgical complexes of the Urals, located on its eastern slope in the basin of the river. Tours and including iron ore (the cities of Kachkanar, N. Tagil), copper ore (the cities of Krasnouralsk, Kirovgrad, Pervouralsk) complexes and environmental components (atmosphere, geo-hydro- and biosphere)) within them. The subject of research is the most characteristic ore and associated metals of the Ural deposits: Fe, Cr, Mn, V, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, Pb, As, Hg, Cd. The aim of the work was to study the flows of pollutants in natural and man-made geosystems of the Middle Urals and to develop a methodological basis for assessing the impact of mining complexes on the environment.
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Bogatko, N. M., I. V. Yatsenko, and T. I. Fotina. "Express methods for determining the processing of meat by disinfectants during storage and sale." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 92 (December 10, 2018): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9205.
Full textAbstract:
The need to improve the control of meat slaughter animals and poultry in their rigging to develop modern express methods that have credibility in the indicators within and 99,4 to 99.9%, and can be used along with other methods to determine their quality and safety in the manufacturing laboratory facilities for meat processing, slaughtering companies and companies with sales and storage of meat (supermarkets, wholesale warehouses, refrigerators and the like), in the state laboratories of veterinary medicine and in laboratories of veterinary-sanitary examination of agro-industrial markets. Despite the fact that the responsibility for the safety and quality of food of animal origin is entrusted to the manufacturer, the protection of consumer health is always under control of the state. To ensure consumers receive safe and high quality meat need to develop new rapid methods for their adequate control. Especially relevant are the research directions for the development of rapid methods to objectively assess the safety and quality of meat of slaughtered animals and poultry during storage, and the implementation or use for the production of meat products. In stores, supermarkets, wholesale bases, the agricultural markets during the implementation of the meat of slaughtered animals and poultry it is often possible to detect the adulteration of meat for the handling of formalin, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, potassium permanganate for long-term storage and eliminate the signs of damage. Therefore, we have performed experimental studies and developed rapid methods to identify this type of fraud. Developed rapid methods for the determination of adulteration of meat of slaughter animals and poultry with formalin, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, potassium permanganate are simple to implement and their results specific quality indicators. Therefore, these rapid methods are available us along with other methods for determining the quality and safety of meat slaughtered animals and poultry (determination of organoleptic, the content of amino-ammoniac nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, pH, etc). These methods can be used in determining the safety and quality of meat of slaughtered animals and poultry during storage, and the implementation of laboratories at the facilities of meat processing, supermarkets, wholesale bases, in government veterinary laboratories and laboratories of veterinary-sanitary examination of agro-industrial markets.
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Petrov, Roman, and Oleksiy Pidlubniy. "Aflatoxicosis of crucians: experimental treatment and biological value of fish." EUREKA: Life Sciences, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2021.001754.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to investigate a possibility to decrease a toxic influence of aflatoxin on the fish organism and veterinary-sanitary evaluation of fish, fed by a pure fodder, aflatoxin and ketoconazole+aflatoxin.
Fish aflatoxicoses cause essential losses at fish growing using industrial production technologies. It is characterized by decreasing weight gains and increasing kill of commodity fish, worsening fodder conversion. Farmers often use fodders of own production, without conducting laboratory studies, and don’t know about aflatoxins. At the same time because of different reasons, first of all economic ones, they don’t use adsorbents for decreasing the negative influence of aflatoxins on the fish organism. Their use doesn’t guarantee 100 % fish resistance to micotoxicoses and correspondingly product safety for a consumer. Fish, received aflatoxins with food, is dangerous as a food product for humans and animals. Aflatoxins are very stable in the environment, so even thermal processing doesn’t exceed risk of aflatoxin contamination.
The article presents a possibility of effective treatment of fish at aflatoxicosis. It is known, that aflatoxin beyond cells is not dangerous. Its activation takes place within a cell by the enzyme system cytochrome Р-450, forming an epoxide, in which result the aflatoxin inclusion complex with DNA forms in the kernel. The veterinary preparation “Ketoconazole” inhibits cytochrome enzymes Р-450, so aflatoxin activation within a cell doesn’t take place, epoxides don’t form, DNA cells are not injured, aflatoxicosis doesn’t develop in fish that has been proved experimentally. The veterinary-sanitary mark of fish, treated for aflatoxicosis, is satisfactory.
The importance of this study is in fact that for today there is no developed effective method of fish aflatoxicosis treatment. An influence of aflatoxin on the crucian organism has not been studied experimentally
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Alves, Edmar da Costa, Alice Maria Dahmer, and Aurélio Ferreira Borges. "Total bacterial count and somatic cell count in refrigerated raw milk stored in communal tanks." Brazilian Journal of Food Technology 17, no. 3 (September 2014): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.1114.
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The current industry demand for dairy products with extended shelf life has resulted in new challenges for milk quality maintenance. The processing of milk with high bacterial counts compromises the quality and performance of industrial products. The study aimed to evaluate the total bacteria counts (TBC) and somatic cell count (SCC) in 768 samples of refrigerated raw milk, from 32 communal tanks. Samples were collected in the first quarter of 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 and analyzed by the Laboratory of Milk Quality - LQL. Results showed that 62.5%, 37.5%, 15.6% and 27.1% of the means for TBC in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively, were above the values established by legislation. However, we observed a significant reduction in the levels of total bacterial count (TBC) in the studied periods. For somatic cell count, 100% of the means indicated values below 600.000 cells/mL, complying with the actual Brazilian legislation. The values found for the somatic cell count suggests the adoption of effective measures for the sanitary control of the herd. However, the results must be considered with caution as it highlights the need for quality improvements of the raw material until it achieves reliable results effectively.
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Tkachyshyn, V. S. "Intoxications by lead and its inorganic compounds." EMERGENCY MEDICINE 17, no. 4 (August 18, 2021): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.17.4.2021.237721.
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Lead belongs to the group of blood poisons that impair the synthesis of porphyrins and heme. Under industrial conditions, only chronic lead poisoning can develop. Lead belongs to the poisons that have the effect of material cumulation. The half-life of lead is 20 years. Once in the body, it is deposited in many organs in the form of the insoluble tribasic lead phosphates. A significant part of the lead is deposited in the trabeculae of the bones. Under the influence of provoking factors, an intensive lead release from the depot can be observed. In such cases, the amount of lead in the circulating blood increases sharply, and remission is replaced by an exacerbation. There is a wavy course of chronic lead intoxication. Lead and its inorganic compounds belong to the group of poisons that have a polytropic effect on the body, affecting many organs and systems. The blood system (anemia with specific characteristics) and the nervous system (polyneuropathy and encephalopathy) are primarily affected. A number of other organs and systems are also affected. The most severe specific syndrome of gastrointestinal tract damage is lead colic. Due to the impaired synthesis of porphyrins and heme in certain biological substrates of the body — in the blood, erythrocytes and urine, substances unused in the synthesis of heme are accumulated. They are markers of chronic intoxication caused by lead, in the presence of a relevant clinical picture. The diagnosis is based on data from a professional history, sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions, clinical and objective characteristics of the disease and data from laboratory examination. The main thing is to stop contact with lead and remove it from the body. Antidotes for lead poisoning are chelators: tetacinum-calcium, pentacinum, D-penicillamine. In combination with technical and sanitary-hygienic measures to prevent chronic intoxication caused by lead, preliminary and periodic medical examinations of persons in contact with lead are of great importance.
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Vlasenko, Iryna, Tetiana Semko, and Olga Ivanishcheva. "Evaluating the biological safety of raw materials accepted for a meat processing enterprise." FOOD RESOURCES 9, no. 16 (June 25, 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/foodresources2021-16-05.
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The article describes the problems in assessing the safety of raw materials in the meat processing industry and ways to solve these problems. The issue raised is important from the industrial safety point of view. The purpose of the article is to analyze biological hazards as an element of the procedure of checking the criterion of the examination’s effectiveness when accepting raw meat at a meat processing plant. Subject of research: raw meat accepted at the meat processing plant, "decision tree" at the stage of raw meat acceptance, initial and residual proteolytic microflora, control-critical points of veterinary-sanitary expertise. Materials and methods. General scientific methods of cognition are applied: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, deduction. For the study and comprehensive analysis of its object monographic, as well as a special method of research, an abstract-logical one, are used. In the course of performance of the work, microbiological methods of research are used: microscopy of preparations, inoculation on nutrient media. The information base of the research consists of the legislative and regulatory acts of Ukraine and the Regulations of the European Union in force, Codex Alimentarius standards, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, the authors' own observations .Results of research. The research was conducted in the laboratory of Lityn Meat-Packing Plant, in Vinnytsia Region. Identified hazards found at the stage of acceptance of raw materials are controlled by veterinary examination, namely the points of veterinary and sanitary control. Examination of raw materials takes into account the control of biological, chemical and physical factors in obtaining raw materials, purchase and processing, preparation for production, distribution, sale and consumption of the finished product. In the conditions of the enterprise LLC Lityn Meat-Packing Plant the procedure of identification of dangerous factors at the stage of acceptance of raw meat was carried out and 4 control points were established. Scope: the results of the study are recommended for use in meat processing enterprises.
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Paliy, A. P., N. V. Sumakova, A. M. Mashkey, V. V. Gontar, A. P. Palii, and D. A. Yurchenko. "Study of disinvasive properties of innovative aldehyde disinfectant." Journal for Veterinary Medicine, Biotechnology and Biosafety 6, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/jvmbbs-2020-6-2-6.
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The pollution rate of environment by pathogens of invasive diseases and contamination of manure, soil, water, and other objects by them are constantly changing depending on the prevalence and intensity of invasion among farm animals. Prevention and control of invasive animal diseases are essential to prevent their spread, as well as to obtain high-quality sanitary products for livestock production. The preservation of pathogens in the environment depends on the intensity of exposure to natural and artificial factors and their resistance to chemicals that are used for disinfection. A large number of disinfectants, both domestic and foreign, have been proposed for disinfection, but they are not always effective under industrial conditions for conducting forced or preventive disinfestation. The introduction of disinfectants into practice is impossible without a preliminary laboratory assessment of their disinvasive properties. The aim of our work was to study the disinvasive properties of a new aldehyde disinfectant on the test models of Ascaris suum eggs. The studies were carried out in the Laboratory of Veterinary Sanitation and Parasitology of the National Scientific Center ‘Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine’ in accordance with the methodological recommendations ‘Methods to Identify and Evaluate Safety Parameters and Quality of Disinfectants, Detergent-Disinfectants Used During Production, Storage, Transportation and Sale of Products of Animal Origin’ (2010). As a result of the studies, it was found that the aldehyde disinfectant exhibits disinvasive properties to the test culture of Ascaris suum eggs when applied at a concentration of 4.0% at room temperature (18–20 ± 0.5°C) and exposure of 3 h. The disinfectant can be used for preventive and forced disinvasions of animal holding facilities and other veterinary control facilities
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Pozharskaya, Victoria Victorovna. "Cytogenetic status of blood lymphocytes in schoolchildren living middle and high latitudes." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 66, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-4-213-216.
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Intensive industrial development of the northern regions of the Russian Federation is primarily associated with the extraction and processing of natural resources, which leads to environmental pollution and makes the tasks of sanitary and hygienic monitoring urgent. Rapid methods are convenient for the rapid diagnosis of the genetic well-being of the environment, one of which is the micronucleus test in combination with the cytokinetic block cytochalasin B. mitosis. At the moment, there are scanty data on the inter-latitudinal comparison of the results of cytogenetic studies on cells of various human tissues, which greatly complicates the comparison of the results obtained in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation with data from more southern regions. The purpose of this study is to identify and compare division abnormalities in cells of peripheral blood lymphocytes in two groups of older schoolchildren living in middle and high latitudes. The study was carried out in the city of Serpukhov, Moscow region (54 ° 54 ‘56 “N, 37 ° 24’ 40” E) and the city of Apatity, Murmansk region (67 ° 34’03 “N, 33 ° 23’36 ″ E). A total of 40 children aged 16-18 were examined - 20 children each from the city of Serpukhov and from the city of Apatity. The micronucleus test was carried out in accordance with the international protocol. Cytogenetic analysis of schoolchildren’s peripheral blood lymphocytes using the micronucleus test showed that the spontaneous number of cells with micronuclei is comparable in middle and high latitudes, and approaches the upper limit of the mean population norm. Therefore, when comparing the data of the micronucleus test on the cells of peripheral blood lymphocytes of the studied groups, it is permissible not to take into account the latitude of residence.
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Weiskirchen, Sabine, Katharina Weiper, René H. Tolba, and Ralf Weiskirchen. "All You Can Feed: Some Comments on Production of Mouse Diets Used in Biomedical Research with Special Emphasis on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010163.
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The laboratory mouse is the most common used mammalian research model in biomedical research. Usually these animals are maintained in germ-free, gnotobiotic, or specific-pathogen-free facilities. In these facilities, skilled staff takes care of the animals and scientists usually don’t pay much attention about the formulation and quality of diets the animals receive during normal breeding and keeping. However, mice have specific nutritional requirements that must be met to guarantee their potential to grow, reproduce and to respond to pathogens or diverse environmental stress situations evoked by handling and experimental interventions. Nowadays, mouse diets for research purposes are commercially manufactured in an industrial process, in which the safety of food products is addressed through the analysis and control of all biological and chemical materials used for the different diet formulations. Similar to human food, mouse diets must be prepared under good sanitary conditions and truthfully labeled to provide information of all ingredients. This is mandatory to guarantee reproducibility of animal studies. In this review, we summarize some information on mice research diets and general aspects of mouse nutrition including nutrient requirements of mice, leading manufacturers of diets, origin of nutrient compounds, and processing of feedstuffs for mice including dietary coloring, autoclaving and irradiation. Furthermore, we provide some critical views on the potential pitfalls that might result from faulty comparisons of grain-based diets with purified diets in the research data production resulting from confounding nutritional factors.
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Safiullin, Rinat, Chalysheva, and Krasnobayev. "NEW DRUGS AGAINST OOCIST OF COCKIDIA IN BIRDS – VIRUKILL 260." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 21 (May 29, 2020): 361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.361-367.
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The production culture in industrial poultry has risen to a high level and continues to improve in recent years. Profitability of production is the main task of poultry farming, as for any industrial branch. This is due to the intensification of production, a reduction in the period of sanitary preparation of premises, and a high concentration of poultry stock on a limited area. These conditions contribute to the spread of parasitic diseases and eimeriosis is the leading among them. The experiments were carried out on 14-day-old Cobb-500 cross broiler chickens in the laboratory and vivarium of the institute in 2019. First, Virukill 260 working solutions in different concentrations, WSH buffer solution, and bird feces preservative were prepared. Virukill is a multicomposite drug in the form of a liquid, this medicine is used to disinfect and disinfestation objects of veterinary surveillance and the prevention of infectious and invasive animal diseases. Chickens of the first, second and third groups were assigned 1 ml of a suspension of Eimeria oocysts treated with 0.5; 1 and 2% solutions of the drug Virukill 260, inside using a micropipette; the fourth - also 1 ml of a suspension of Eimeria oocysts treated with a 4% phenol solution. Young animals of the fifth group were injected with sporulated Eimeria oocysts at a dose of 2000 / ml of a suspension not treated with a disinfectant (infected control); and the sixth - only 1 ml of WSH buffer solution (uninfected control). The chickens were subjected to daily clinical observations, taking into account the general condition, behavior, appetite, visible physiological changes throughout the experiment. The intensity of Virukill 260 in 0.5-, 1- and 2% concentrations against coccidium oocysts was 94.15; 97.6 and 98.17%, respectively, and phenol at 4% concentration was 88.75%. The following Eimeria species were identified: Eimeria acervulina (21.4%), E. brunetti (15.7%), E. maxima (29.6%) and E. tenella (33.3%) in broiler litter samples from the first to the fifth group.
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Vasel, J. L., H. Jupsin, and A. P. Annachhatre. "Nitrogen removal during leachate treatment: comparison of simple and sophisticated systems." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 6 (September 1, 2004): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0358.
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Membrane bioreactors (MBR) have become common in treating municipal wastewaters. Applied to leachates treatment MBR were also successful with pilot scale experiments and full-scale facilities as well. We succeeded previously in designing an efficient nitrificationÐdenitrification process with an ethylene glycol byproduct as carbon source for denitrification. Moreover, an unexpectedly high inert COD removal efficiency was also observed in the full-scale MBR facility thereby making it possible to increase the operating time of the final GAC (Granulated Activated Carbon) adsorber. Since MBR are very sophisticated systems. Simpler and “lower” cost systems can also be considered. For example it is possible to nitrify leachates from sanitary landfill using a simple infiltrationÐpercolation technique with a low energy cost. To validate previously published laboratory experiments, a semi industrial-scale pilot installation was installed at the Montzen landfill site (Belgium). The process is based on infiltrationÐpercolation through a granular bed. This well known process was modified to increase the load, notably by changing the support medium, adding an electric fan that is run intermittently and maintaining temperatures greater than 15°C. The new material is a type of granular calcium carbonate with a large specific surface area. These technical improvements enabled the system to nitrify up to 0.4 kg NH4+-N/m3 of reactor bed per day at a hydraulic load of 0.35 m.d-1, with an ammonia removal rate in the range of 80 to 95%. Despite the high ammonia nitrogen inlet concentrations, this system exhibits remarkable nitrification efficiency. Moreover, these performances are achieved in a batch mode system without recirculation or dilution processes. If complete nitrification is needed, it can be obtained in a second in series of bioreactors. The system can be classified as a low cost process. An international patent is pending. Possible performances of those systems were compared with the usual methods for leachates treatment.
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Petrov, R., S. Nazarenko, F. Muravyov, O. Kutah, and O. Podlubny. "Assessment of commodities fishing in the trade network of the city of Sumy." Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Veterinary Medicine, no. 3 (46) (October 1, 2019): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.vet.2019.3.5.
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Introduction. To date, one of the priority tasks of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is to provide the population with benign and safe environmental and veterinary-sanitary products of animal products. Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in the rapidly developing agro-industrial complex. The mentioned industry is able to provide the population with high quality nutritious and dietary fishery products in a relatively short period. Fish products replenish the human diet with essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, trace elements and other nutrients to meet the needs of the body. But important indicators are the quality and safety of fish and fish products. The use of hazardous fish products by humans can lead to human diseases. Therefore, research on determining the safety and quality of fish remains an important link.
The goal of the work. The purpose of our research was to investigate commercial fish sold in the Sumy trade network and to carry out its veterinary and sanitary evaluation.
Materials and methods of research. These studies were conducted under the conditions of the Department of Veterinary Expertise, Microbiology, Zohygiene and Safety and Quality of Livestock Products of Sumy National Agrarian University and in Sumy Regional State Laboratory of the State Consumer Service.
Conducted research on commercial fish, which came to the sale in the trade network of the city of Sumy, namely in supermarkets, specialized stores and agri-food markets. Fresh, dried and frozen fish were studied..
Results of research and discussion. As a result of the study of the selected samples was found in live fish, namely the fathead, characteristic signs of postodiplastomosis. This disease manifested itself as small black spots on the body of a fish. It was also revealed in the study of carp in two specimens that the chronic course of aeromonosis was manifested by the presence of fissured ulcers on the body of the fish. Since the detection of the disease did not spoil the product indicators of fish, then all living fish are allowed to sell.
When examining dried fish, no deviations from the requirements for dried fish were found in the submitted samples. All fish are identified as benign and admitted for sale.
Studies of fresh frozen fish (hake) revealed the presence in the muscle tissue of the nematode Contracoecum squalii
Affected fish are characterized by an increased content of microorganisms in the deep and superficial muscle layers, a doubtful or negative reaction to peroxidase, a doubtful or substandard reaction with a Nesler reagent, a doubtful or substandard reaction with sulfuric acid, acidification.
Conclusions and prospects for further research: 1. In a study of 323 samples of live, dried, frozen fish, which entered the trade network in Sumy, it was found that 8 (2.47%) samples did not correspond to good-quality fish.2. Signs of diseases characteristic of aeromonosis (2 specimens), postodiplastomosis (1 specimen) and contracenosis (5 specimens) were established in the selected fish samples.3. A batch of hake (170 kg) in which the pathogen Contracoecum squalii was detected is not allowed for sale and is intended for technical disposal.
In the future, it is planned to develop and implement a permanent monitoring system for the quality and safety of fish and fishery products that are commercially available.
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Variushina, G. "Обезвреживание поверхностного стока – важный вклад в охрану водных объектов." Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaia tehnika, no. 08 (August 13, 2019): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35776/mnp.2019.08.05.
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Приводятся сведения о разработанных специалистами АО МосводоканалНИИпроект научных исследованиях и проектных решениях в области очистки поверхностных сточных вод с территории Москвы, причинах загрязнения водоисточников неочищенными поверхностными стоками в 1970х годах. Представлены основные характеристики комплексов глубокой очистки поверхностных стоков, разработанных проектов очистных сооружений для промышленных предприятий с площадью водосбора 0,3 1 5 10 и 15 га. Показано, что эффективность очистки поверхностных сточных вод соответствует требованиям, предъявляемым к водоемам рыбохозяйственного значения. При этом для обезвоживания осадка, образующегося в накопительном резервуаре очистных сооружений, в технологической схеме предусмотрена песковая площадка, а для сбора плавающих нефтепродуктов нефтеразделитель. Новизна разработанной технологии обезвреживания поверхностного стока и обработки осадка была подтверждена пятью патентами РФ, одобрена Госстроем РФ, Центральным управлением по рыбохозяйственной экспертизе и нормативам по сохранению, воспроизводству водных биологических ресурсов и акклиматизации, Городской санитарной службой Москвы и области, службами Москомприроды и Мосгосэкспертизы. Показан вклад специалистов лаборатории обработки природных, промышленнодождевых сточных вод и осадка в решение проблем очистки поверхностного стока. Приведена информация об истории развития и перспективных направлениях научной деятельности лаборатории, ее планах в организационнометодической и воспитательной работе с молодыми специалистами.Information on the research and design solutions developed by the experts of MosvodokanalNIIproject JSC in the field of surface runoff treatment from the territory of Moscow, the causes of water sources pollution with raw surface runoff in the 1970s. The basic characteristics of the complexes for the enhanced treatment of surface runoff, the developed projects of wastewater treatment facilities for industrial enterprises with a catchment area of 0.3 1 5 10 and 15 ha. It is shown that the effectiveness of surface runoff treatment meets the requirements to water bodies of commercial fishing importance. At the same time, for dewatering of sludge generated in the retention basin of wastewater treatment facilities, a grit dewatering bay is included into the process flow scheme, and an oil separator is used to collect floating oil products. The novelty of the developed technology for neutralization of surface runoff and sludge treatment has been acknowledged by five patents of the Russian Federation, approved by Gosstroy of the Russian Federation, the Central Department of Fisheries Examination and Review and Protection and Renewal and Acclimatization Standards, the Moscow City and Moscow Region Sanitary Service, Moskompriroda and Mosgosekspertiza services. The contribution of the research workers of the laboratory for the treatment of natural, industrialstorm wastewater and sludge processing to the solution of problems of surface runoff treatment is demonstrated. The information about the history of development and promising areas of research activity of the laboratory, its plans in the organizational, methodological and educational work with young professionals is given.
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Ponamarev, N. M., M. Yu Novikova M., and N. V. Tikhaya. "Epizootology and biochemical Pparameters of Dogs with babesiosis in barnaul." Russian Journal of Parasitology 14, no. 2 (June 22, 2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2020-14-2-46-52.
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The purpose of the research is studying the epizootology of babesiosis and biochemical parameters of dogs with babesiosis in Barnaul. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Epizootology, Parasitology and Veterinary-Sanitary Examination of the Altai State Agrarian University and at the Barnaul Central Veterinary Hospital. Statistical analysis was performed according to the laboratory research journal from 2013 to 2017. Babesiosis was diagnosed based on clinical evidence and microscopic examination of peripheral blood smears. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total and conjugated bilirubin, creatinine, urea, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, calcium and phosphorus contained in the blood serum was determined. In total, 1258 blood samples of dogs of different sex, age and breed were examined. In order to identify age-related features in hematological parameters, we formed 4 groups of 30 dogs in each age group. We studied indicators such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the total number of red blood cells, and white blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and color index, and counted formed elements. The spread of ixodic ticks was studied in Barnaul and a suburban area of Chernitsky Forest. Ixodic ticks were collected on flag. A total of 535 live ticks of the Ixodidae family were collected. The species of ixodic ticks was identified using the Guide to arachnoentomoses. Results and discussion. The rate of babesia infection in dogs was 36.3%. Most often babesiosis occurs in outbred dogs, the terrier, German Shepherd dog, Cocker Spaniel, Central Asian Shepherd dog and dachshund. Males, especially those over the age of 8, are more infected with Babesia. Most cases of dog lesions by babesiosis occur in Zheleznodorozhny, Central and Industrial Districts of Barnaul. The disease is diagnosed from early April to late June, and from early August to late October. Significant indicators for identifying the pathology of individual systems and organs of the animal affected by babesiosis are aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, total and conjugated bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase. The level of total protein under the age of two years is lowered, while calcium and phosphorus are within physiological values.
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Казымбет, П., P. Kazymbet, М. Бахтин, M. Bahtin, Е. Кашкинбаев, E. Kashkinbaev, Д. Джанабаев, et al. "Radiation Situation at the Tailing Dump of the Stepnogorsk Mining-Chemical Combine and Adjacent Territories. Message I." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 63, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a855c9d95ff69.76703405.
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Purpose: Assessment of the radiation situation at the tailing dump of the Stepnogorsk Mining-Chemical Combine (SMCC) and the settlements around.
Material and methods: The tailing dumps of the SMCC and the settlements near located of Aksu, Kvartsytka and Zavodskaya were objects of the radioecological research. Field expedition studies were performed during the summer period and consisted in carrying out a detailed gamma survey of the territory of the investigated objects and settlements, sampling of surface waters, vegetation, surface and layered soil samples. In settlements, along with sampling and studying the gamma background, the equivalent equilibrium volume activity of radon daughters in residential and industrial premises was determined. To determine the concentrations of the studied radionuclides a background was selected, within which the levels of their global deposition were studied. To calculate the individual effective radiation dose of the population the National Radiation Protection Board methodology was used as the basis.
Results: In the northern part of the tailing dump of the SMCC in the adjoining territory, a radioactive contamination site was found where the specific activity values for 226Ra, 232Th and 210Pb reach values of 1500–2000 Bq/kg. On the territory of the Aksu settlement, 5 local areas with the area from 25 to 1000 m2 were found, with the intensity of ambient dose equivalent of gamma radiation from 0.39 to 0.86 µSv/h. In the Zavodskaya village, two areas with increased levels of gamma radiation intensity were identified.
Conclusion: The obtained results of field work and laboratory analytical studies testify to the negative impact of the tailing dump of the SMCC on the environment of adjacent territories, expressed in contamination of soil, water and vegetation with radionuclides. The nature of the abnormal areas on the territory of the settlements of Aksu and Zavodskaya excludes their origin from the tailing dump of the SMCC. The appearance of these areas of contamination may be due to the use of materials of the 3rd class in sanitary and hygienic standards for improvement and road construction. The probable annual effective dose for the population living in the radioactive local areas of the Aksu ~6.5 mSv/year, at the normal rate of 1 mSv/year from man-made radiation sources.
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Kolasiński, Piotr. "Domestic Organic Rankine Cycle-Based Cogeneration Systems as a Way to Reduce Dust Emissions in Municipal Heating." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2020): 3983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153983.
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Environmental issues are nowadays of great importance. In particular air and water quality should be kept at as high levels as possible. Energy conversion systems and devices which are applied for converting the chemical energy contained in different fuels into heat, electricity and cold in the industry and housing are sources of different gases and solid particle emissions. Medical data show PM2.5 dust in particular is highly dangerous for human health. Therefore, limiting the number of low-quality fuel combustion processes is a key issue of modern energy policy. Statistical data show that domestic heating systems account for a large share of the total emissions of PM2.5 and PM10 dust. For example in Poland in 2017, the share of households in the total annual emissions of PM2.5 dust was equal to ca. 35.8%, while the share of PM2.5 emission in industry (i.e., power generating plants, industrial power plants and technologies) was equal to only 23.6%. A possible way of solving this problem is by the successful replacement of old domestic furnaces by combined heat and power (CHP) or multigeneration boilers which can be used for heating the rooms and sanitary water and generating electricity and cold. Such systems can possibly contribute in the future to significant reductions of dust emissions and air pollution in urban and rural areas by limiting the number of low-quality fuel combustion processes. This article presents design considerations and experimental results related to a domestic micro-CHP unit which is based on organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technology. The main aim of the design works and experiments was therefore the analysis of the possibility of integrating the ORC system with a standard domestic central heating gas-fired boiler. The specially designed micro-ORC system was implemented in the laboratory and experiments were performed using this test stand. The main design aims of the test-stand were: low operating pressure, small working fluid flow, low price and compact dimensions. To meet these aims, volumetric machines were chosen as the expander and working fluid pump. The experimental results were positive and show that it is possible to integrate an ORC system with a standard domestic central heating gas boiler. For different heat source temperatures, the obtained expander power ranged from 109 W to 241 W and the thermodynamic cycle efficiency ranged from 4.3% to 8.8%. These positive research results were achieved partly thanks to the positive features of the different system subassemblies.
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Kriyt, Vladimir E., Yuliya N. Sladkova, and Olga V. Volchkova. "Major problems of microclimate indicator measurements indoors of residential and public buildings and ways to solve them." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 61, no. 5 (July 12, 2021): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-5-334-339.
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Human health and efficiency are largely determined by the microclimate conditions and the air quality in residential, public and industrial buildings in which people spend a significant amount of time. The existing methods of measuring microclimate indicators largely do not correspond to the changed regulatory framework, do not fully reflect all the stages of measurements, have contradictions and inaccuracies, which leads to errors in the measurement and evaluation of the results obtained. The purpose of this study was to develop guidelines for measuring microclimate indicators in residential and public buildings, leveling the existing contradictions in the current documents and meeting modern requirements. The analysis of the current methodological documents regulating the requirements for measuring microclimate indicators was carried out, the main problems encountered by specialists during measurements and evaluation of laboratory and instrumental studies of the microclimate were identified and systematized. To date, the only methodological document in the field of microclimate for residential and public buildings is GOST 30494-2011 "Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters". This standard sets the requirements for the organization of control and allows to measure and evaluate the microclimate in almost any residential and public building. However, the standard presents requirements for measurement conditions that are practically unrealizable for many regions of Russia, unreasonably high requirements for measuring instruments (MI), which do not allow to take measurements by MI included in the State Register and having the appropriate scope of application, insufficient requirements for the criteria for the selection of premises and their preparation for an objective assessment of the microclimate parameters, inaccuracies in the presented formulas for calculating the resulting room temperature and inconsistencies in individual paragraphs of the document. There are also no requirements for processing and presenting measurement results. In this situation, the development of a methodology for measuring microclimate indicators in residential and public buildings is extremely relevant. This paper presents the main provisions of the developed draft methodology for measuring microclimate indicators in residential and public buildings at different stages of operation of research objects. The developed procedural guidelines determine the order, conditions for carrying out and minimum scope of instrumental control required for microclimate parameters in residential and public buildings that meet the requirements of sanitary legislation. In the process of procedural guidelines development inconsistencies and discrepancies of current procedural documents were considered as much as possible.
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Guntermann, Karl. "Sanitary Landfills, Stigma and Industrial Land Values." Journal of Real Estate Research 10, no. 5 (January 1, 1995): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.1995.12090802.
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Nesaratnam, S. T., and F. H. Ghobrial. "Biological treatment of mixed industrial and sanitary wastewaters." Conservation & Recycling 8, no. 1-2 (1985): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0361-3658(85)90030-x.
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Toporkov, A. V., A. I. Kologorov, V. P. Toporkov, S. A. Shcherbakova, I. G. Karnaukhov, E. S. Kazakova, I. N. Sharova, N. A. Osina, and V. V. Kutyrev. "Principles of Standardization of Epidemiological and Laboratory Diagnostics of Particularly Dangerous, Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 1(107) (February 20, 2011): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2011-1(107)-62-65.
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Suggested and substantiated is the integrated algorithm for diagnostics of dangerous infectious diseases that require measures on sanitary protection of territories using clinical, epidemiological and laboratory diagnostic standards. These standards are based on criteria for detection of suspected, probable and confirmed cases, with consideration for clinical manifestations, epidemiological anamnesis and laboratory analysis results. Distinguished and described are two stages for diagnosis of new infectious diseases that represent an emergency in the sphere of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population.
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KILANOWICZ-SAPOTA, ANNA, and MAŁGORZATA SKRZYPIŃSKA-GAWRYSIAK. "Ethyl silicate Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)." Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy 33, no. 2(92) (June 29, 2017): 21–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.9482.
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Ethyl silicate is a colorless liquid with a slightly perceptible odor. This compound finds numerous applications in many industrial branches, e.g., paint and lacquer, chemical (in chemical coatings which has a contact with food), pharmaceutical, semiconductor and in nanotechnology. It is also used as an agent to harden natural stone, terra-cotta, artificial marble, frescoes and clay and in pro-duction of waterproof and acidproof mortar and cements. According to the State Sanitary Inspection data, in Poland in 2007, 2010 and 2013, there were no workers Ortokrzemian tetraetylu. Dokumentacja proponowanych dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego 23 exposed to ethyl silicate at levels exceeding maxi-mum allowable concentration (MAC) of 80 mg/m3. Ethyl silicate is well absorbed via respiratory and alimentary tracts, but its absorption through the skin is rather poor. In workers exposed to ethyl sil-icate, irritating properties to eye and nasal mucosa have been observed. Data on chronic ethyl silicate effects in humans are not available in the literature. In laboratory animals, ethyl silicate acute toxicity expressed in median lethal doses is relatively low. Ethyl silicate shows a mild irritating effect on rab-bit’s eyes, it does not cause dermal irritation or al-lergic effects. There are no data on ethyl silicate chronic toxicity. Short-term and subchronic studies performed on mice and rats exposed to ethyl sili-cate through inhalation and after its administration in other ways showed except for necrotic lesions in the olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity (in mice), changes in the liver (in rats) and kidneys. The latter comprised interstitial inflammation and necrotic lesions in renal tubules. Short-term exposure of rats to high ethyl silicate concentrations induced its toxic effect also on lungs. Ethyl silicate mutagenic effect has not been re-vealed in Ames tests. On the basis of few data, it has been proved that this compound did not cause reproductive and developmental toxicity. This compound has not been categorized by the Inter-national Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) with respect to its potential carcinogenic risk. The presented evidence shows that the major toxic effect of ethyl silicate at high concentrations (over 2000 mg/m3) is eye and nasal mucosa irritation in humans, whereas the nephrotoxic effect and dam-age to the olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity are observed in laboratory animals. On the basis of the nephrotoxic effect of ethyl sili-cate, its maximum allowable concentration (MAC) was calculated. The results of two independent in-halation experiments in mice were used to deter-mine NOAEL value. Inhalation exposure of mice to ethyl silicate at concentration of 430 mg/m3 (50 ppm) for 90 days or 2 and 4 weeks did not cause nephrotoxic effects. This compound at higher con-centrations caused nephrotoxicity. Exposure to concentration of 760 mg/m3 (88 ppm) caused sig-nificant decrease in kidney weight, and after expo-sure to concentration of 865 mg/m3 (100 ppm) in 20% of animals interstitial inflammation of kidney tubules have been observed. The authors of the documentation proposed to adopt a concentration of 430 mg/m3 as NOAEC value of ethyl silicate for the nephrotoxic effects observed in mice. After adopting relevant uncertainty coefficients (total value, 8) the calculated MAC value for ethyl silicate is 54 mg/m3. Taking into consideration the fact that in 2008 SCOEL proposed a concentration of 44 mg/m3 as 8-h TWA for ethyl silicate, which was based on the same effects (nephrotoxicity) and NOAEC value adopted from the same experiments, it was pro-posed to assume a concentration of 44 mg/m3 as MAC value of ethyl silicate. This substance is in-cluded in the directive establishing the IV list of in-dicative occupational exposure limit values with-out establishing a short-term STEL value. The proposed MAC value for ethyl silicate should protect workers against systemic effect and poten-tial irritating effect. There are no reasons for adopt-ing STEL and BEI values for this compound.
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Sherstneva, Elena V. "First municipal sanitary stations in Russia: history and main activities (to the 125th anniversary since foundation)." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 2 (March 27, 2019): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-2-187-189.
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First municipal sanitary stations in Russia were founded in 1891 in the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg. They were financed by municipal public self-governments. With performing essential laboratory tests and studies, stations were an important element of the organization of sanitary inspection in cities. In the article there is considered the history of the creation offirst sanitary stations and main directions of their activity: control in the sphere offood trade and in the sphere of municipal water supply.
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Baiburin, F. Y., V. I. Antropov, and E. V. Khramova. "ORGANISATIONAL ASPECTS OF REHABILITATION IN THE MEDICAL-SANITARY UNIT OF THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE." Journal of Clinical Practice 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract2351-55.
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This article discusses the organization of the rehabilitation in a medical-sanitary unit of an industrial enterprise, using the example of the Central Medical-Sanitary Unit N 119. It also identifies the basic regulatory documents and presents main results of the rehabilitation work for enterprise's employees .
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Perilla Ortiz, Nelson Eduardo. "Obtención de fibra cruda para consumo humano a partir de la cascara de cacao tostado." Publicaciones e Investigación 4, no. 1 (May 8, 2010): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22490/25394088.577.
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El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un posible aprovechamiento de la cáscara del cacao tostado, la cual, actualmente, representa un excedente industrial en las industrias procesadoras de este grano y se comercializa con las empresas que producen concentrados para animales. En una de las plantas procesadoras, diariamente, se producen alrededor de 4 toneladas de cáscara de cacao tostado, lo que sería una gran fuente para producir fibra para consumo humano. Por lo tanto, la presente investigación se centró en lograr la obtención de fibra cruda a partir de cáscara de cacao tostado, y por medio de análisis de laboratorio específicos se evaluó su posible uso para consumo humano, con el fin de incorporar este subproducto al proceso productivo. En relación con el medio ambiente se minimiza el impacto del proceso productivo, al aprovechar un subproducto normal de producción, que en otras instancias se convierte en un desecho que puede llegar hasta el relleno sanitario, y generar una carga en el recurso suelo, ya que a pesar de ser biodegradable, mientras se descompone no deja de ser un contaminante de este medio.
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Zagorodnov, S. Yu, and I. V. May. "Methodical and organizational aspects in designing sanitary protection zones for a group of enterprises or industrial centers as a toll for complex atmospheric air quality assessment." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 11 (December 4, 2019): 940–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-11-940-944.
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Introduction. Sanitary legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the organization of sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises located in the industrial hub. However, the justification procedure, establishing and monitoring boundaries of a single sanitary zones not fully resolved. This determines the practice of organization by economic entities of individual zones separating production from residential development. This situation complicates the adequate assessment of real pollution, as well as the reasonable development of programs (plans) of environmental measures. Identification of the sources that create poor air quality and public health risks is becoming extremely problematic.The aim of the study is to develop and test recommendations for the organization and methodological support of the design of a single sanitary protection zone of a group of enterprises in the current urban development.Materials and methods. The object of the study is an industrial hub formed by 5 industrial enterprises and located on the territory of a large urban settlement with a population of more than 450 thousand people. The city administration carried out a number of organizational measures that ensured the simultaneous inventory of emissions of enterprises and the design of the general sanitary zone of the industrial complex. The design work was carried out in full accordance with the current regulatory framework.Results. The verified unified database of 102 sources of chemical emissions and 113 sources of noise provided the possibility of summary calculations and obtaining the most correct results for surface concentrations in the zone of influence of the industrial hub. The program of quality control of atmospheric air defining the contribution of each economic subject to carrying out researches is formed. This made it possible to ensure the control of all priority contaminants at the outer border of the sanitary zone and reduce the costs of each separate economic entity. Zones of responsibility of each enterprise within borders of a uniform sanitary zone for tasks of maintenance of the standard maintenance of the territory are allocated.Conclusions. The obtained results confirmed the feasibility of designing unified sanitary protection zones for economic entities located in the industrial hub.
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Portenko, S. A., S. A. Shcherbakova, E. S. Kazakova, I. N. Sharova, I. G. Karnaukhov, A. V. Toporkov, and V. V. Kutyrev. "Key Stages in the Development of SAET Laboratory Facilities." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 3 (September 20, 2014): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2014-3-72-76.
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Considered are the stages of the SAET laboratory facilities development. Initially main area of activities was assumed to be specific indication of bacterial threats and laboratory control over the ambient environment objects for the presence of particularly dangerous infectious disease agents. Significant increment in the workload occurred during the period of localization and elimination of epidemic cholera manifestations in the 1970s, when primary tasks of bacteriological unit consisted in carrying out mass bacteriological investigations of samples from humans, environment objects, and food items. Assignment of new functions to the laboratory facilities, such as performance of sanitary-microbiological investigations, monitoring over ambient environment objects for the presence of vibrio-flora and natural-focal infectious disease agents, clinical material assays - is associated with SAETs participation in liquidation of medical-sanitary consequences of natural disasters and human cost relief as aftermaths of military conflicts, as well as participation in management of mass events with international representation. Most important issues in the development of SAET laboratory facilities are implementation of advanced diagnostic technologies, automatization of various stages in the process of analysis performing, standardization of diagnostic investigations, and ensuring compliance of the facilities with national and international requirements.
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Vazhenina, A. A., Lidiya V. Trankovskaya, and E. B. Anishchenko. "HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF WORKING CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYEES IN THE TEST LABORATORY CENTER OF THE OFFICE OF FEDERAL SERVICE FOR SUPERVISION OF CONSUMER RIGHTS PROTECTION AND HUMAN WELL-BEING." Hygiene and sanitation 98, no. 4 (October 28, 2019): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-4-418-423.
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A comprehensive hygienic assessment of the working conditions of the Test Laboratory Center employees in the «Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in Primorsky Krai» was executed. Instrumental studies of the air in the working area have been performed, the levels of production noise, general vibration, microclimate parameters, light environment, non-ionizing electromagnetic fields, and radiations have been measured, time-related studies have been carried out to study the severity and intensity of the work process at workplaces in the structural subdivisions of the microbiological laboratory and the Department of sanitary and hygienic laboratory research. The biological factor at the workplaces for employees of the microbiological laboratory was studied. Harmful production factors were identified at the workplaces of the Test Laboratory Center of the office of The Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, and their hygienic assessment was given. Based on the results of the general hygienic assessment the 3rd grade of working conditions of degree 3 was established in the microbiological laboratory and in the Department of sanitary and hygienic laboratory research there was the 3rd grade of working conditions of degree 1.
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Gilioli, R., L. A. G. Andrade, L. A. C. Passos, F. A. Silva, D. M. Rodrigues, and A. M. A. Guaraldo. "Parasite survey in mouse and rat colonies of Brazilian laboratory animal houses kept under differents sanitary barrier conditions." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 52, no. 1 (February 2000): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352000000100009.
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A parasitological study was undertaken to determine the health status of 15 mouse and 10 rat colonies bred in 18 Brazilian laboratory animal houses maintained under different sanitary barrier conditions which supply animals for teaching, research purposes and manufacture of biological products for medical or veterinary use. Parasitological methods were used for diagnosis of mites, lices, helminthes and protozoan parasites. A questionnaire was answered by institutions with the intention to obtain information about the existence of barriers against infections and of regular sanitary monitoring program of their colonies. The questionnaire data show that the majority of the animal houses investigated do not possess an efficient sanitary barrier system able to keep animals under controlled health sanitary conditions. Ecto and endoparasite infections are widespread in the colonies and multiple infections were common in animals from most facilities investigated. The prevalences of parasites detected among the mouse and rat colonies of the laboratory animal houses investigated were: Myocoptes musculinus (46.6%), Myobia musculi (26.6%), Radfordia ensifera (13.3%), Syphacia obvelata (86.6%), Aspiculuris tetraptera (60.0%), Hymenolepis nana (53.3%), Spironucleus muris (80.0%), Tritrichomonas muris (80.0%), Giardia muris (66.0%), Entamoeba muris (20.0%), Eimeria sp. (13.3%), Hexamastix muris (26.6%), Poliplax spinulosa (30.0%), Poliplax serrata (10.0%), Radfordia ensifera (30.0%), Syphacia muris (80.0%), Hymenolepis nana (40.0%), Trichosomoides crassicauda (55.5%), Spironucleus muris (90.0%), Tritrichomonas muris (80.0%), Giardia muris (60.0%), Entamoeba muris (80.0%), Eimeria sp. (60.0%) and Hexamastix muris (60.0%).
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Kulach, P. V., I. M. Nityaga, and M. I. Shopinskaya. "VETERINARY AND SANITARY ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF FARM-MADE SAUSAGE PRODUCTS." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 2 (2020): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202002004.
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The article presents the results of laboratory studies of farm-made sausage products. The results of microbiological studies of sausages indicate that the product does not contain pathogens of food-borne disease and toxicosis, as well as another pathogenic microflora. This indicates high parameters of sausage production, sanitary indicators of raw materials, good sanitary condition of technical equipment and premises of the sausage shop in compliance with technical conditions of heat treatment of products.
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Selyanin, A. М., M. A. Shibayev, A. V. Belchikhina, and A. K. Karaulov. "Analysis of Veterinary and Sanitary Inspection in Russian Federation Subjects." Veterinary Science Today, no. 3 (August 17, 2021): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2021-3-38-254-260.
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The paper represents the analysis of the key parameters specifying the food safety system in the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2020. Such issues as competence of the veterinary experts and laboratories in the field of veterinary and sanitary inspection as well as availability of the necessary equipment including equipment for radiometric tests were particularly considered. Implementation of the internal audit procedure by the veterinary and sanitary testing laboratories was assessed. Data on the availability of the slaughterhouses and slaughter units/facilities for emergency slaughter as well as their staffing with the veterinarians are demonstrated. The study results indicate that 39% of the laboratories are not equipped with the necessary laboratory equipment; 8% of the laboratories perform tests using non-calibrated laboratory equipment, and only 2/3 of the laboratories are covered by the regular internal audits. Evidence of insufficient control over the attestation of the veterinarians involved in the veterinary and sanitary expertise was identified. Moreover, insufficient number of slaughter facilities and veterinary and sanitary testing laboratories in the regions of the country was highlighted as well as inadequate staffing of the laboratories with the veterinarians responsible for the official control of the compliance with the veterinary rules and technical regulations and for the veterinary and sanitary inspections. Therefore, in some regions of the country the national veterinary services lack any capacities necessary to perform the emergency slaughter of the diseased and suspect animals in the isolated and controlled environment with the subsequent on-site storage and decontamination of the slaughter products or their disposal or destruction. The study results demonstrate a number of gaps in the veterinary and sanitary inspection system thus indicating the need for corrective actions to be taken both on the federal and local levels.
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Baikalov, Nikolai Sergeevich. "Sanitary situation in the districts of construction of Baikal-Amur Mainline (1970s – 1980s)." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 3 (March 2020): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.3.33115.
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Sanitary situation in the developing Siberian and Far Eastern settlements that occurred in the course of industrial modernization of the late XX century represents one of the insufficiently research topics within Russian historiography. The goal of this work lies in examination of sanitary situation in the districts of construction of Baikal-Amur Mainline during implementation of the large-scale transport project. Detailed analysis is conducted on the problems of providing services and amenities to the developing settlements, as well as sanitary-hygienic conditions of social and industrial. Special attention is given to the assessment of impact of sanitary situation of new settlements upon population health of the territories in question. The research methodology leans on the modern concepts in the area of urban planning, social and common history. Alongside the traditional documentary analysis, the author employs the methods of oral history and historical anthropology. Empirical framework is comprised of archival documents, Soviet periodicals, personal sources, and the field research results. Unlike other research that determine natural and climatic conditions as the key factors of unfavorable sanitary situation, the author places emphasis on imperfections in construction operations. Settlements of Baikal-Amur Mainline were characterized by high-density construction, littering of territories, ubiquity of “temporary barracks” and “squatter settlement”, disruption in heat and water supply, etc. Sanitation and hygiene standards were not upheld in building and upkeep of facilities of social and cultural designation, in worksite organization in construction, industrial and transport enterprises. This led to high incidence of cold-related and infectious diseases, as well as industrial traumatism. Due to the efforts of authorities and public organizations, some settlements achieved high results in municipal improvement and sanitary situation. In majority of cases, sanitary and hygienic living conditions in the districts of Baikal-Amur Mainline remained unsatisfactory throughout the entire period of construction of the railway.
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Karamova, L. M., G. R. Basharova, M. K. Gaynullina, and N. V. Vlasova. "Congenital anomalies in various industrial regions of Bashkortostan Republic." Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-1-20-24.
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Introduction. Reproductive system disorders, according to many authors, are among integral indicators of sanitary hygienic ill-being of territories and reflect an environmental aggression degree. Ecologic and hygienic studies of reproductive health, conducted in some entities of Russian Federation, demonstrated that environmental substances with mutagenic and reproductivity compromising activity increase prevalence of congenital anomalies 1.4–1.8 times over the reference values. During 2000–2010, prevalence of congenital anomalies in Russia varies within 30.0–30.9‰.Objective. To reveal epidemiologic features of congenital anomalies development in ecologic situation formed by various economy branches.Materials and methods. Ecologic and hygienic evaluation covered reproductive health of women residents in ecologically unfavorable regions. Th e work contained also information on sanitary and hygienic state of environment and public health state, taken from offi cial and public materials of Rospotrebnadzor and Health Ministry of Bashkortostan Republic over 2009–2016.Results. Congenital anomalies in fetus increased. In 2015, 21.4 congenital anomalies were registered per 1,000 children aged under 1 year. High levels of congenital anomalies over 2000–2015 were seen in regions of ores mining and extraction, with high content of heavy metals affecting reproductivity (copper, chromium, zinc, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, lead, mercury, manganese, etc.) — in these regions, incidence of congenital anomalies was 3.78 times higher than general level in the Republic.Conclusions. Congenital anomalies levels obviously characterize reproductiverisk of ecologic situation, can be a criterion of sanitary epidemiologic ill-being and serve as an indicator in social hygienic monitoring.
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Turos, O., A. Petrosian, T. Maremukha, I. Kobzarenko, and V. Morhulova. "USE OF RISK ASSESSMENT IN CONDUCTING STATE SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION TO JUSTIFY THE SIZES OF SANITARY PROTECTION." Hygiene of populated places 2020, no. 70 (December 22, 2020): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/hygiene2020.70.034.
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Objective. Justify need to use the methodology of human health risk assessment to determine the size of sanitary protection zones for industrial enterprises (especially, I-II hazard classes). Materials and methods: sanitary protection zone of an industrial enterprise; mathematical modelling of air pollution; physical and chemical analysis methods of pollutants; human health risk assessment; cartographic methods using geographic information systems (GIS; ArcGis 10.0) and Earth remote sensing data (remote sensing; space images). Results. Improved understanding effectiveness of the human health risk assessment (HHRA) methodology used during the state sanitary and epidemiological examination of materials on the substantiation of the sanitary protection zones size for industrial enterprises. The human health risk has been assessed and the effectiveness of the developed and implemented management decisions on health and environmental issues has been demonstrated. The risk was reduced by almost 30 times compared to 2009 after environmental conservation measures (non-carcinogenic risk of chronic inhalation in 2009 for manganese and its compounds was HQ=15.3÷41.0; in 2012, HQ=1.1÷1.5). Priority and assessment of the contribution of individual emission sources (in %) to the total air pollution was additionally conducted and further phased implementation of environmental measures is recommended. This allowed to reduce the risk to the limit (allowable) indicators. Conclusions. Scientifically substantiated the need to study the patterns of distribution of potentially dangerous chemicals in the natural atmosphere and analyze the level of their concentration in the enterprise operation area (radius 40 heights of the largest pipe, m) at different distances in all directions of the world by rhumbs, taking into account territorial features (characteristics of land use, topographic and meteorological data) location of industrial facilities and residential areas. The necessity of HHRA implementation accelerating within the framework of arbitrary procedures through the support of cooperation in management decisions in the development and improvement of environmental and hygienic measures to reduce air pollution has been implemented.
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Davies, J. W., D. Butler, J. L. Small, V. Sekuloski, and C. Jefferies. "Gross solids transport and degradation." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0016.
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The paper describes the first stages of a study of the origin, transport, and fate of sewer gross solids. The background to the project, its overall plan, and relevant previous studies are outlined. Progress to-date is described. A laboratory study of physical degradation of gross solids has confirmed general existing field observations that many sanitary solids undergo little degradation, whereas toilet paper and faeces are readily degraded. A study of solid advection and deposition in a laboratory pipe system has covered a wide variety of sanitary and artificial solids. The velocity at which sanitary solids are advected with the flow has been observed to be similar for most solids in spite of a considerable range of shapes and sizes. Pipe-full conditions, introducing the retarding effect of the pipe wall at the soffit, have tended to reduce solid velocities especially for floating solids. Generally the advective velocity of artificial solids of the same material and shape has not varied significantly with solid size. However size has had a clearer influence on deposition: with decreasing size, solids of the same density have been deposited at lower values of depth and velocity.
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Levchenko and Silivanova. "TACTICS OF MUSCA DOMESTICA CONTROL AT OBJECTS OF VETERINARY AND SANITARY SUPERVISION." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 20 (May 14, 2019): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.308-312.
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Prolonged use of chemical insecticides at veterinary and sanitary inspection facilities often leads to a decrease in the efficiency of disinsection measures, which is associat-ed with the development of resistance in natural insect populations, including Musca domestica L., house flies. The purpose of the presented work was to study the level of sensitivity of M. domestica to modern insecticides in livestock and poultry farms of the Tyumen region. Under laboratory conditions, the activity of modern insecticides from the pyrethroid, neonicotinoids, phenylpyrazols, pyrroles, and avermectins groups against the first generation of adult M. domestica of natural populations was measured using metered-dose contact. Using probit analysis, pooled lethal doses (LD50) of insecticides for natural populations of flies and sensitive laboratory culture were calculated. Next, we determined the resistance index for each insecticide as the ratio of their LD50 values for the natural and laboratory population. It has been found that flies of natural populations were sensitive to tested insecticides to varying degrees. The highest resistance indicator (57) was recorded for the acetamids of the fly population from the livestock farm. A population of flies sensitive to fipronil was also found in the poultry farm with resistance index 1. Given the results of labora-tory studies, this farm was effectively disinsected against M. domestica using fipronil-containing preparation. The tactics of pest control measures, based on preliminary laboratory studies of the sensitivity of flies and the selection of chemical insecticidal agents against a specific natural population, will effectively control the number of Musca domestica on objects of veterinary sanitary inspection.
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Stegmann, Rainer, and Hans-Henning Spendlin. "Research Activities on Enhancement of Biochemical Processes in Sanitary Landfills." Water Quality Research Journal 21, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 572–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1986.049.
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Abstract Enhancement of biological degradation processes can prove to be advantageous in regard to emission control and gas utilisation. Anaerobic degradation processes of municipal solid waste (MSW) were studied in laboratory - pilot plant and full scale. As a result, suggestions for modified landfill operation techniques are presented. At a sanitary landfill in Lingen two different operation techniques are tested.
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Brzozowski, Bob, and Fred Posey. "Outsourcing Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Services." Synergist 15, no. 8 (2004): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2928473.
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