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Journal articles on the topic 'Sangro River Valley (Italy)'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 27 July 2024

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1

D'Alessandro, Leandro, Enrico Miccadei, and Tommaso Piacentini. "Morphotectonic study of the lower Sangro River valley (Abruzzi, Central Italy)." Geomorphology 102, no. 1 (November 2008): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.06.019.

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2

Miccadei, Enrico, Cristiano Carabella, Giorgio Paglia, and Tommaso Piacentini. "Paleo-Drainage Network, Morphotectonics, and Fluvial Terraces: Clues from the Verde Stream in the Middle Sangro River (Central Italy)." Geosciences 8, no. 9 (September 8, 2018): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8090337.

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This work analyzes the role of paleo-drainage network, morphotectonics, and surface processes in landscape evolution in a sector of the transition zone between the chain and the piedmont area of Central Apennines. Particularly, it focuses on the Verde Stream, a tributary of the middle Sangro River valley, which flows in the southeastern Abruzzo area at the boundary with the Molise region. The Verde Stream was investigated through a drainage basin scale geomorphological analysis incorporating the morphometry of the orography and hydrography, structural geomorphological field mapping, and the investigation of morphological field evidence of tectonics with their statistical azimuthal distributions. The local data obtained were compared with the analysis of the middle Sangro River valley and the tectonic features of the Abruzzo–Molise area. This approach led us to also provide relevant clues about the definition of the role of karst features and paleo-landscapes in the general setting of the study area and to identify the impact of active tectonics, confirmed by recent and active seismicity. In conclusion, the paper contributes to defining the main stages of the geomorphological evolution of this area, driven by uplift and local tectonics and due to a combination of fluvial, karst, and landslide processes.

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Amato, Vincenzo, Marilena Cozzolino, Gianfranco De Benedittis, Gianluigi Di Paola, Vincenzo Gentile, Claudia Giordano, Pasquale Marino, Carmen Maria Rosskpof, and Ettore Valente. "An integrated quantitative approach to assess the archaeological heritage in highly anthropized areas: the case study of Aesernia (southern Italy)." ACTA IMEKO 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v5i2.355.

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<p align="left">The Latin colony of Aesernia was the seat of an important road junction for communications, especially to the south with <em>Bovianum</em> and <em>Beneventum</em>, to the north with Aufidena and the Sangro Valley and to the west with <em>Venafrum</em> and the Liri River Valley. While some archaeological contexts of this colony are documented by very detailed studies, others still require an overall analysis and a systematic study. Particularly, there is the lack of an organic and complete reading of the known data and a concrete need to acquire new data on still unexplored areas.</p><p align="left">The present paper illustrates the results of the integrated geo-archaeological research carried out at Isernia and based on the analysis of historical sources, archaeological surveys, geologic, geomorphological and topographic investigations and geophysical prospections. All data were stored in a Geographic Information System that allowed for spatial analyses and the production of thematic maps. The purpose of the research was to help fill the many knowledge gaps in the history of Aesernia and to add new data by using a multiple system of analysis. The integrated geo-archaeological approach allowed drawing up a new archaeological map that gives an updated view of the rich archaeological heritage of Isernia.</p>

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4

Bispham, E. H., G. J. Bradley, J. W. J. Hawthorne, and S. Kane. "Towards a phenomenology of Samnite fortified centres." Antiquity 74, no. 283 (March 2000): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00066035.

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The Sangro Valley Project was established in 1994 by John Lloyd, Neil Christie and Amalia Faustoferri. Its aim was to study anthropogenic change in society, economy and settlement between the Bronze Age and the Middle Ages, within the context of a Mediterranean river valley system (see Lloyd et al. 1997; Lloyd & Faustoferri 1998). Part of this research has integrated field survey between the Sangro river and Monte Pallano with excavations conducted by the Soprintendenza on the mountain itself. Monte Pallano is best known for its fine megalithic walls (Oakely 1995: 84-7), marking a putative oppidum site. Recent Italian excavations [with Anglo-American support] have aimed at clarifying the situation at a substantial public buildinghilla complex on the mountain. This work has been fruitful in its initial phases; much, however, remains to be done.

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5

Staniscia, Barbara. "Economic development and international migration in the Sangro Valley, Abruzzo – Italy." Belgeo, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2005): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.12500.

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6

Zahm, Norbert. "Contribution to the knowledge of the Lepidoptera Fauna of the lower Sangro valley in the Abruzzo region of Central Italy." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 44, no. 3 (December 16, 2012): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2012.e14.

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We report the results of recording Lepidoptera in the lower Sangro valley during a period of 22 years. The investigations were devoted to Macroheterocera and were carried out in the two regional nature reserves <em>Oasi di Serranella</em> and <em>Lecceta di Torino di Sangro</em>. The listing also includes some Microlepidoptera as non-target species, as well as occasionally observed butterflies. The 401 recorded species are presented in a table indicating both the locality of the records and the observed flight times and periods of activity. Fifteen species are published for the Abruzzo region for the first time; 2 species are new for the Italian peninsula.

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7

Bell, Tyler, Andrew Wilson, and Andrew Wickham. "Tracking the Samnites: Landscape and Communications Routes in the Sangro Valley, Italy." American Journal of Archaeology 106, no. 2 (April 2002): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4126242.

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8

Miccadei, Enrico, Tommaso Piacentini, Adriano Dal Pozzo, Marco La Corte, and Marco Sciarra. "Morphotectonic map of the Aventino-Lower Sangro valley (Abruzzo, Italy), scale 1:50,000." Journal of Maps 9, no. 3 (September 2013): 390–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2013.799050.

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9

Pistone, Dario, Massimo Pajoro, Massimo Fabbi, Nadia Vicari, Piero Marone, Claudio Genchi, Stefano Novati, Davide Sassera, Sara Epis, and Claudio Bandi. "Lyme Borreliosis, Po River Valley, Italy." Emerging Infectious Diseases 16, no. 8 (August 2010): 1289–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1608.100152.

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10

Pennesi, Riccardo, Emilia Cunto, and Sandro Ballelli. "First record of Rhizomatophora aegopodioides (Apiaceae) in Italy." Italian Botanist 15 (May 4, 2023): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.15.98538.

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The occurrence of Rhizomatophora aegopodioides, a species distributed in the Balkan Peninsula, Greece, southern Caucasus, Turkey and southern Russia, is reported here for the first time in Italy. It was discovered in Calabria (southern Italy) in the Argentino River Valley and along the Abatemarco River (municipality of Cosenza), localities partly included within the Pollino National Park. Information about taxonomy, nomenclature, habitat, phytosociology and distribution of this species in Italy are provided.

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11

Lerone, Laura, Chiara Mengoni, Mirko Di Febbraro, Hannah Krupa, and Anna Loy. "A Noninvasive Genetic Insight into the Spatial and Social Organization of an Endangered Population of the Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra, Mustelidae, Carnivora)." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 9, 2022): 1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14041943.

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The Eurasian otter is endangered in Italy, only surviving in southern river basins. The spatial and social structure of a population living at the border of the current range was explored through a noninvasive genetic study along 174 km of the Sangro river. Sampling was conducted in 2011 and 2012, collecting spraints and anal jellies at 62 marking sites. Samples were successfully genotyped at 13 nuclear microsatellites and the ZFX/ZFY locus for molecular sexing, resulting in 14 distinct genotypes (4 females, 2 possible females, 8 males), from 35 marking sites. Mean captures/recaptures rate was 3.8 captures/individual, with males being recaptured more frequently than females. Spatial overlap among individuals was analyzed through a linear regression model fitted against sibship categories and sex pairing. Nine out of the fourteen genotyped individuals belonged to three full-sib clusters, while five individuals had no full-sibs in the population. Full-sibs overlapped more than half-sibs, while male–male pairs showed significantly higher spatial overlap than both male–female and female–female pairs. Estimated mean density was 0.152 otters/km and 2.4 individuals/10 × 10 km grid cell. Accordingly, the 3440 grid cells of otter occurrence in Italy could likely host about 8000 otters, suggesting the current population has become larger than the minimum viable population size.

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12

Toccolini, Alessandro, Natalia Fumagalli, and Giulio Senes. "Greenways planning in Italy: the Lambro River Valley Greenways System." Landscape and Urban Planning 76, no. 1-4 (April 2006): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.09.038.

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13

Festa, Andrea, Cristina Accotto, Francesco Coscarelli, Elisabetta Malerba, and Giulia Palazzin. "Geology of the Aventino River Valley (eastern Majella, central Italy)." Journal of Maps 10, no. 4 (March 19, 2014): 584–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2014.899524.

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14

Stellato, Luisa, Emma Petrella, Filippo Terrasi, Paolo Belloni, Maria Belli, Umberto Sansone, and Fulvio Celico. "Some limitations in using 222Rn to assess river–groundwater interactions: the case of Castel di Sangro alluvial plain (central Italy)." Hydrogeology Journal 16, no. 4 (January 10, 2008): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0263-0.

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15

Santangelo, Michele, Dario Gioia, Mauro Cardinali, Fausto Guzzetti, and Marcello Schiattarella. "Landslide inventory map of the upper Sinni River valley, Southern Italy." Journal of Maps 11, no. 3 (August 28, 2014): 444–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2014.949313.

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16

Miccadei, E., C. Berti, M. Calista, G. Esposito, V. Mancinelli, and T. Piacentini. "Morphotectonics of the Tasso Stream - Sagittario River valley (Central Apennines, Italy)." Journal of Maps 15, no. 2 (March 19, 2019): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2019.1589588.

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17

Demurtas, Valentino, Paolo Emanuele Orrù, and Giacomo Deiana. "Evolution of Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations in Relation with Uplift and Fluvial Capture Processes in Central Eastern Sardinia (Italy)." Land 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111193.

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Connections between Plio-Pleistocenic tectonic activity and geomorphological evolution were studied in the Pardu Valley and Quirra Valley (Ogliastra, East Sardinia). The intensive Quaternary tectonic activity in Sardinia linked to the opening of the Tyrrhenian Basin is known. In Eastern Sardinia, it manifests with an uplift that is recorded by geomorphological indicators, such as deep-seated gravitational slope deformation, fluvial captures, engraved valleys, waterfalls, and heterogeneous water drainage. The Pardu River flows from the NW toward the SE and then abruptly changes direction toward the NE. At this point, a capture elbow adjacent to the current head of the Quirra River is well developed. The Quirra River, in its upstream part, flows at altitudes approximately 200 m higher than the Pardu River. It also shows an oversized and over-flooded valley with respect to the catchment area upstream. This setting indicates that the Pardu River, which previously flowed south along the Quirra River, was captured by the Pelau River. We analyzed long-term landslides with lateral spreading and sackung characteristics, which involve giant carbonate blocks and underlying foliated metamorphites in both valleys. The use of LiDAR, high-resolution uncrewed aerial vehicle digital photogrammetry (UAV-DP), and geological, structural, and geomorphological surveys enabled a depth morphometric analysis and the creation of interpretative 3D models of DGSDs. Space-borne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data using ERS and Sentinel-1 satellites identified downslope movement of up to 20 mm per year in both Pardu Valley flanks. Multi-source and multi-scale data showed that the state of activity of the DGSDs is closely linked to the geomorphological evolution of the catchment areas of the Rio Pardu and Rio Quirra. The intense post-capture erosion acted in the Rio Pardu Valley, giving it morphometric characteristics that were favorable to the current evolution of the DGSDs, while the Rio Quirra Valley presents paleo-DGSDs that have been fossilized by pre-capture terraced alluvial deposits.

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18

Guerra, Veronica, and Maurizio Lazzari. "Geomorphic Approaches to Estimate Short-Term Erosion Rates: An Example from Valmarecchia River System (Northern Apennines, Italy)." Water 12, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 2535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092535.

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Studying fluvial dynamics and environments, GIS-based analyses are of fundamental importance to evaluate the network geometry and possible anomalies, and can be particularly useful to estimate modifications in processes and erosion rates. The aim of this paper is to estimate short-term erosion rates attributable to fluvial processes in two sample catchment sub-basins of the Marecchia river valley, by conducting quantitative morphometric analyses in order to calculate various descriptive parameters of the hierarchisation of the river networks and the mean turbid transport of streams (Tu). Sediment yield transported by streams can in fact partially express the amount of erosional processes acting within the drainage basin. The study area includes two sub-basins of the Marecchia valley (Senatello river, 49 km2 and Mazzocco river, 47 km2), chosen because of their similar extent and of the different location in the major catchment basin. Starting from geomorphological maps of the two river basins, the Tu parameter has been calculated and converted in short-term rate (average value 0.21 mm/year). Moreover, the comparison of these short-term mean data with the uplift rates calculated on a regional scale (0.41 ± 0.26 mm/year) in the Marecchia valley confirms that the northern Apennines may represent a non-steady state system.

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19

Tagliavini, Massimo, and Bruno Marangoni. "Major Nutritional Issues in Deciduous Fruit Orchards of Northern Italy." HortTechnology 12, no. 1 (January 2002): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.1.26.

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Most deciduous fruit crops in Italy are grown in the north and especially in the eastern part of the Po River Valley (mainly in the Emilia Romagna and Veneto regions) and in the Adige River Valley (South Tyrol and Trento provinces). Soils in the wide Po River Valley, where pear (Pyrus communis), peach and nectarine (Prunus persica), kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), plum (Prunus domestica and P. insititia), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), cherry (Prunus avium), and apple (Malus domestica) are grown, are alluvial, generally fertile, fine textured, alkaline, often calcareous and well enriched with Ca. Apple plantings are concentrated in the Adige Valley and located on a variety of soil types, including sandy loam, loamy sand soils or sandy clay, sometimes calcareous. Integrated fruit production is gaining importance and represents more than 80% of apple production in South Tyrol and about 60% of peach and nectarine production in Emilia Romagna. Under these conditions, the main objectives of mineral nutrition are to reconcile production and environmental concerns (minimize nutrient leaching, soil pollution, volatile emissions). In particular, fertilization aims to improve external and internal fruit quality and storage ability, reduce production costs, maintain soil fertility, avoid nutrient deficiency and excess and control tree vigor. Nitrogen applications have strongly decreased in recent years and there is a need to improve the efficiency of N fertilizers while avoiding deficiencies. Research is focussing on application technology, timing of N uptake, internal cycling of N and methods for assessing the need for N application (e.g., using estimates of native soil N availability). Early diagnosis of bitter pit is recommended for guiding applications of Ca sprays. Iron deficiency and chlorosis is a major problem in pear, peach and kiwifruit grown in alkaline and calcareous soils and Fe chelates are usually applied annually to the soil or to the canopy. Current research is focused on agronomic means for controlling the problem and on developing rootstocks tolerant to Fe deficiency.

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20

Taboni, Battista, Michele Licata, Victor Buleo Buleo Tebar, Mauro Bonasera, and Gessica Umili. "Proposal for Flood Risk Mitigation in the Upper Tanaro Valley (Western Alps—North-Western Italy)." Geosciences 12, no. 7 (June 25, 2022): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12070260.

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Flood risk in Italy is a key aspect for the administrative authorities, from the national to the local level. This is especially true in Northern Italy, where the Po River, the most important river of the peninsula, and its river basin are located. In North-Western Italy, the Po Basin is described by numerous sub-basins, among which is the Tanaro River basin: here, in the last decades, floods have produced significant damage, causing an increased concern to local and regional administrations. The main goal of this study was to identify suitable sites for the construction of dams, having the function of retention basins, aiming to mitigate the flood risk in the Upper Tanaro Valley. First, using a qualitative approach, suitable sites were identified using available public data provided by regional administrations and field data obtained from geomorphological surveys, later elaborated in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Several models were then produced using conventional methods to evaluate the hydrological characteristics of the study area and to assess the efficiency of each site in terms of flood water flow rate reduction: the performance was evaluated at control sections chosen in urban areas along the Upper Tanaro Valley. The results show that it is possible to find suitable locations for risk mitigation structures. These models also allowed for a rapid cost-effectiveness evaluation, which led to the definition of the best-performing site. The Upper Tanaro Valley case study here analyzed contributes to proving the importance of an integrated approach based on geomorphological, geo-hydrological, and hydraulic evaluations when dealing with the choice of a flood risk mitigation strategy.

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21

Rosskopf, Carmen M., and Vittoria Scorpio. "Geomorphologic map of the Biferno River valley floor system (Molise, Southern Italy)." Journal of Maps 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2013): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2012.755385.

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22

Santo, Antonio, Alessandra Ascione, Giuseppe Di Crescenzo, Enrico Miccadei, Tommaso Piacentini, and Ettore Valente. "Tectonic-geomorphological map of the middle Aterno River valley (Abruzzo, Central Italy)." Journal of Maps 10, no. 3 (December 17, 2013): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2013.867545.

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23

Romagnoli, Gino, Stefano Catalano, Francesco Pavano, and Giuseppe Tortorici. "Geological map of the Tellaro River Valley (Hyblean Foreland, southeastern Sicily, Italy)." Journal of Maps 11, no. 1 (July 31, 2014): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2014.944878.

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24

Veronese, Federica, Francesca Graziola, Pamela Farinelli, Elisa Zavattaro, Vanessa Tarantino, Elia Esposto, and Paola Savoia. "North Italy: Welcome to the Tropics!" Infectious Disease Reports 13, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/idr13010024.

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We describe a case of cutaneous Larva Migrans in an 8-year-old Caucasian girl. The lesion appeared ten days after a bath in the river in a valley in the north-east of Piedmont. The patient was successfully treated with Albendazole 400 mg daily for 5 days. Autochthonous cases are rare, particularly in northern Italy. Probably the high temperatures and the high degree of humidity favored by the climate changes to which Europe is subjected are favorable to the development of larvae. The diagnosis of cutaneous Larva Migrans should, therefore, be considered also in individuals who have not traveled in geographic areas at risk for the climate.

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25

Sadori, Laura, Marco Giardini, Edi Chiarini, Massimo Mattei, Felicia Papasodaro, and Massimiliano Porreca. "Pollen and macrofossil analyses of Pliocene lacustrine sediments (Salto river valley, Central Italy)." Quaternary International 225, no. 1 (September 2010): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2009.05.008.

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26

Crema, G., M. Milli, G. Napoleone, and P. Tiberi. "Vertical vulnerability evaluation of middle-low Esino River valley alluvial aquifer (Marche, Italy)." Environmental Geology 34, no. 2-3 (May 12, 1998): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050258.

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27

Giannandrea, Giano, and Sulpizio. "Development of Pleistocene Fluvial Terraces on the Eastern Frontal Sector of the Southern Apennines Chain, Italy." Water 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071345.

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The investigation of Pleistocene fluvial terraces in the small river valley of the Pescogrosso Stream and surrounding areas has shown a complex and positive location for the study of a fluvial catchment development. The Pescogrosso Stream is a left tributary of the Sinni River and is placed on the eastern front of the fold-and-thrust belt of the southern Apennine chain of Italy. Sedimentological and geomorphological analyses of eight fluvial terraced units revealed that their formation and evolution were strictly controlled by regional tectonic uplift of the Ionian arc, by climatic changes, and by sea-level variations. In particular, the Ionian sea-level oscillations, as a factor in controlling the short-term fluvial terrace development, was the main factor responsible for the three older terraces’ evolutions. Conversely, the evolution of the five younger terraces seems to have been controlled by the base-level variations of the Sinni River. Finally, the matching of much information derived from regional and local tectonics, the plot of longitudinal terrace profiles, and the application of a sequence-stratigraphic approach to fluvial depositional sequences allowed the recognition of three evolutionary stages of development in the Pescogrosso fluvial incised-valley system during Pleistocene times.

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28

Bugini, Roberto, and Luisa Folli. "Features of Roman plaster aggregates in Lombardy, Italy." Open Journal of Archaeometry 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2013): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/arc.2013.e20.

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Plaster making was reported in the seventh book of Vitruvius’ On Architecture describing two mortar coats: harenatum with sand for the bottom (render coat) and marmoratum with crushed marble for the top (finish coat). Petrographic analyses, with optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction, were made on plasters (2nd century BC - 4th century AD) coming from different roman sites of Lombardy: Milan, Brescia, Camonica valley, lake Garda, river Po plain. The analyses identified the plaster aggregates on the basis of composition, grain size and morphology. The render coats generally show river sand and/or crushed brick with some mineralogical differences due to the different supply areas. The finish coats show different types of aggregate: i) carbonate rocks (limestone, dolomite); ii) quartz crystals; iii) calcite crystals; iv) sand (quartz and silicates crystals and/or limestone clasts); v) sand and crushed brick. These differences can be useful to discriminate the changes among the time periods and among the sites.

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29

Mastrocicco, M., N. Colombani, and A. Gargini. "Modelling present and future Po river interactions with alluvial aquifers (Low Po River Plain, Italy)." Journal of Water and Climate Change 5, no. 3 (March 5, 2014): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2014.058.

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A modelling study on a multi-layered confined/unconfined alluvial aquifer system was performed to quantify surface water/groundwater interactions. The calibrated groundwater flow model was used to forecast climate change impacts by implementing the results of a downscaled A1B model ensemble for the Po river valley. The modelled area is located in the north-western portion of the Ferrara Province (Northern Italy), along the eastern bank of the Po river. The modelling procedure started with a large scale steady state model followed by a transient flow model for the central portion of the domain, where a telescopic mesh refinement was applied. The calibration performance of both models was satisfactory, in both drought and flooding conditions. Subsequently, forecasted rainfall, evapotranspiration and Po river stage at 2050, were implemented in the calibrated large scale groundwater flow model and their uncertainties discussed. Three scenarios were run on the large scale model: the first simulating mean hydrological conditions and the other two simulating one standard deviation above and below the mean hydrological conditions. The forecasted variations in groundwater/Po river fluxes are relevant, with a general increase of groundwater levels due to local conditions, although there are large uncertainties in the predicted variables.

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30

Giannecchini, R., Y. Galanti, and G. D'Amato Avanzi. "Critical rainfall thresholds for triggering shallow landslides in the Serchio River Valley (Tuscany, Italy)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 3 (March 30, 2012): 829–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-829-2012.

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Abstract. The Serchio River Valley, in north-western Tuscany, is a well-known tourism area between the Apuan Alps and the Apennines. This area is frequently hit by heavy rainfall, which often triggers shallow landslides, debris flows and debris torrents, sometimes causing damage and death. The assessment of the rainfall thresholds for the initiation of shallow landslides is very important in order to improve forecasting and to arrange efficient alarm systems. With the aim of defining the critical rainfall thresholds for the Middle Serchio River Valley, a detailed analysis of the main rainstorm events was carried out. The hourly rainfall recorded by three rain gauges in the 1935–2010 interval was analysed and compared with the occurrence of shallow landslides. The rainfall thresholds were defined in terms of mean intensity I, rainfall duration D, and normalized using the mean annual precipitation. Some attempts were also carried out to analyze the role of rainfall prior to the damaging events. Finally, the rainfall threshold curves obtained for the study area were compared with the local, regional and global curves proposed by various authors. The results of this analysis suggest that in the study area landslide activity initiation requires a higher amount of rainfall and greater intensity than elsewhere.

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31

Federici, Paolo Roberto, Alberto Puccinelli, Elena Cantarelli, Nicola Casarosa, Giacomo D’Amato Avanzi, Francesco Falaschi, Roberto Giannecchini, et al. "Multidisciplinary investigations in evaluating landslide susceptibility—An example in the Serchio River valley (Italy)." Quaternary International 171-172 (August 2007): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2006.10.018.

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32

Fumagalli, Ivano, Romano Ambrogi, and Lorella Mignanego. "Yield responses of plants exposed to ambient ozone in the river Po Valley (Italy)." Agronomie 21, no. 3 (April 2001): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/agro:2001101.

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33

Piccini, Leonardo, Jo De Waele, Ermanno Galli, Victor J. Polyak, Stefano M. Bernasconi, and Yemane Asmerom. "Sulphuric acid speleogenesis and landscape evolution: Montecchio cave, Albegna river valley (Southern Tuscany, Italy)." Geomorphology 229 (January 2015): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.10.006.

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34

Moroni, Monica, Emanuela Lupo, and Antonio Cenedese. "Hyperspectral Proximal Sensing of Salix Alba Trees in the Sacco River Valley (Latium, Italy)." Sensors 13, no. 11 (October 29, 2013): 14633–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s131114633.

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DIERCKS, Manuel, Christoph GRÜTZNER, Marko VRABEC, and Kamil USTASZEWSKI. "A model for the formation of the Pradol (Pradolino) dry valley in W Slovenia and NE Italy." Geologija 64, no. 1 (July 20, 2021): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2021.002.

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In tectonically active mountain ranges, the landscape is shaped by the interplay of erosion/sedimentation and tectonically driven crustal deformation. Characteristic landforms such as moraines, wind gaps, fault scarps, and river terraces can be used to decipher the landscape evolution. However, the available data often allow for different interpretations. Here we study the Pradol (Pradolino) Valley in Western Slovenia, a deeply incised canyon whose floor rests several hundreds of metres above the surrounding valleys. We use high-resolution digital elevation models, geomorphic indices and field observations to unravel the evolution of this peculiar landform. We present a six-stage evolution model of the canyon that includes the blockage of valleys by advancing glaciers, river diversion, and rapid incision due to a high discharge of post-glacial meltwater. The formation of the Pradol Valley was most likely facilitated by an underlying fault that serves as an easily erodible weakness zone in the Mesozoic limestones. Our model indicates that the formation of the canyon could have occurred during the last glaciation, which results in incision rates of several cm/yr. With the proposed model we can explain all remote and field observations available. Our study shows that a complex interplay of different landscape-shaping processes is needed to explain the occurrence of the Pradol dry valley and that rapid changes in the morphology occurred after the last glacial maximum.

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Croitor, Roman, Denis Zakharov, and Vladislav Mararescul. "Deer from the Early Pliocene Prioziornoe, Kuchurgan River Valley (Moldova, Eastern Europe)." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 297, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 324–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2020/0931.

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We here describe new cervid material from the rich Early Pliocene fauna of Priozernoe situated on the western slope of the lower part of the valley of Kuchurgan River (Eastern Moldova). An important part of this study aims the taxonomy and systematics of the Kuchurgan cervids. A new genus is established for the small muntjaclike cervids from the Pliocene of Italy, Central and South-eastern Europe. The fauna of Priozernoe contains three cervid species: Praeelaphus australorientalis Croitor, 2017, Procapreolus moldavicus (Janovskaya, 1954), and Eostyloceros pidoplitschkoi Korotkevich, 1964, which we propose to include in a new genus. Such a characteristic association of cervid species resembles the fauna from Priozernoe to Beresti (Romania), suggesting the similar geological age. Our results confirm the earlier conclusions on the fauna Priozernoe as the youngest among Kuchurgan faunas and its close affinity with the Moldavian faunal assemblage from the Carbolia Beds.

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Adamo, Paola, Laurence Denaix, Fabio Terribile, and Mariavittoria Zampella. "Characterization of heavy metals in contaminated volcanic soils of the Solofrana river valley (southern Italy)." Geoderma 117, no. 3-4 (December 2003): 347–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(03)00133-2.

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Gallerini, G., and M. De Donatis. "3D modeling using geognostic data: The case of the low valley of Foglia river (Italy)." Computers & Geosciences 35, no. 1 (January 2009): 146–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2007.09.012.

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Pieroni, Andrea. "Gathered wild food plants in the upper valley of the Serchio River (Garfagnana), Central Italy." Economic Botany 53, no. 3 (July 1999): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02866645.

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Nanni, Paola, David J. Peres, Rosaria E. Musumeci, and Antonino Cancelliere. "Worry about Climate Change and Urban Flooding Risk Preparedness in Southern Italy: A Survey in the Simeto River Valley (Sicily, Italy)." Resources 10, no. 3 (March 14, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10030025.

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Intensive urbanization and related increase of impervious surfaces, causes negative impacts on the hydrological cycle, amplifying the risk of urban floods. These impacts can get even worse due to potential climate change impacts. The urban areas of the Simeto River Valley (SRV), the largest river valley in Sicily (Italy), have been repeatedly hit by intense rainfall events in the last decades that lead to urban flooding, causing several damages and, in some instances, threats to population. In this paper, we present the results of a 10-question survey on climate change and risk perception in 11 municipalities of the SRV carried out within the activities of the LIFE project SimetoRES, which allowed to collect 1143 feedbacks from the residents. The survey investigated: (a) the level of worry about climate change in relation to extreme storms, (b) elements of urban flooding risk preparedness: the direct experience of the residents during heavy rain events, their trust in a civil protection regional alert system, and their knowledge of the correct behavior in case of flood, and (c) the willingness of citizens to implement sustainable drainage actions for climate change adaptation in their own municipality and real estates. The results show that more than 52% of citizens has inadequate knowledge of the correct behavior during flooding events and only 30% of them feel responsible for mitigation of flooding risk. There is a modest willingness by the population to support the construction of sustainable urban drainage infrastructures. A statistical cross-analysis of the answers to the different questions, based on contingency matrices and conditional frequencies, has shown that a greater worry about climate change has no significant impact either on the behavior of people in dangerous situations occurring during flooding events or on the willingness to support financially sustainable solutions. These results suggest that to build a higher worry about climate change and related urban flooding risk is not sufficient to have better preparedness, and that more direct educative actions are necessary in the area.

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Marrucci, Monica, Gerold Zeilinger, Adriano Ribolini, and Wolfgang Schwanghart. "Origin of Knickpoints in an Alpine Context Subject to Different Perturbing Factors, Stura Valley, Maritime Alps (North-Western Italy)." Geosciences 8, no. 12 (November 28, 2018): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120443.

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Natural catchments are likely to show the existence of knickpoints in their river networks. The origin and genesis of the knickpoints can be manifold, considering that the present morphology is the result of the interactions of different factors such as tectonic movements, quaternary glaciations, river captures, variable lithology, and base-level changes. We analyzed the longitudinal profiles of the river channels in the Stura di Demonte Valley (Maritime Alps) to identify the knickpoints of such an alpine setting and to characterize their origins. The distribution and the geometry of stream profiles were used to identify the possible causes of the changes in stream gradients and to define zones with genetically linked knickpoints. Knickpoints are key geomorphological features for reconstructing the evolution of fluvial dissected basins, when the different perturbing factors affecting the ideally graded fluvial system have been detected. This study shows that even in a regionally small area, perturbations of river profiles are caused by multiple factors. Thus, attributing (automatically)-extracted knickpoints solely to one factor, can potentially lead to incomplete interpretations of catchment evolution.

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Buonincontri, Mauro Paolo, Pierluigi Pieruccini, Davide Susini, Carmine Lubritto, Paola Ricci, Fabian Rey, Willy Tinner, et al. "Shaping Mediterranean landscapes: The cultural impact of anthropogenic fires in Tyrrhenian southern Tuscany during the Iron and Middle Ages (800–450 BC / AD 650–1300)." Holocene 30, no. 10 (June 29, 2020): 1420–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620932978.

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Charcoal analysis, applied in sediment facies analysis of the Pecora river palaeochannel (Tyrrhenian southern Tuscany, Italy), detected the occurrence of past fire events in two different fluvial landforms at 800–450 BC and again at AD 650–1300. Taking place in a central Mediterranean district adequately studied through palaeoenvironmental and archaeological research, the investigation determined land changes, time phases and socio-economic driving forces involved in dynamic processes of fire. The fire sequences had purely anthropogenic origins and were linked to forest opening and reduction by local communities. Introduced by the Etruscans, fires dated to 800–450 BC involved mainly the forest cover on the hilly slopes, ensuring agricultural exploitation. From AD 650, fires contributed to Medieval upstream reclamation and vegetation clearing of flat swamplands. From AD 850 to 1050, the use of fire spread over a wider area in the river valley, increasing arable lands. Between AD 1150 and 1300, fires belonged to a regional forest clearance phase. Medieval fire episodes had a paramount importance in shaping and determining the character of the Tuscan Mediterranean landscape. From AD 850, Medieval fire clearing influenced regional vegetation history contributing to the decline of the dominant deciduous Quercus woodland. Open habitats became the new form of a clearly detectable agricultural landscape from AD 950. The use of fire clearing and the resulting landscape changes in the Pecora river valley depended on the political strategies adopted by Medieval authorities and marked, in fact, the progression of a cultural landscape still characterizing central Tyrrhenian Italy.

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Mazza, Alba. "Waterscape and Floods Management of Greek Selinus: The Cottone River Valley." Open Archaeology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1066–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0172.

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Abstract This paper investigates water bodies in the Greek colony of Selinus, Western Sicily-Italy. It focuses especially on one of the two rivers of the city: the Cottone. The investigative strategy adopted in this study consists of an interdisciplinary approach based on the analysis of archaeological evidence, Earth Sciences data, and the study of historical cartography. Results indicate that the Cottone River was not a swampy and unhealthy intermittent stream as it was believed so far; it was instead a fully functional water body featuring an active floodplain. Most importantly, research presented in this article indicates several floods occurred in Selinus from the second or third quarter of the sixth century BC to the end of the fifth century BC. These floods, which occurred at the peak of Selinus’ cultural and economic life, were related to severe major events, rather than seasonal floods, as suggested by other scholars. The management of these floods and the waterscape was crucial to the city’s prosperity. This article also analyzes the relationship between the Cottone River and the fortification walls located at the Cottone River Valley. Results indicate that the fortification walls functioned not only as a defensive infrastructure, but also as a hydraulic engineering solution for flood retention. A better understanding of the environment in which Selinus was settled is now available, and knowledge on the importance of waterscapes and their management has been enhanced.

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Palatella, L., M. M. Miglietta, P. Paradisi, and P. Lionello. "Climate change assessment for Mediterranean agricultural areas by statistical downscaling." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 30, 2010): 1647–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1647-2010.

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Abstract. In this paper we produce projections of seasonal precipitation for four Mediterranean areas: Apulia region (Italy), Ebro river basin (Spain), Po valley (Italy) and Antalya province (Turkey). We performed the statistical downscaling using Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) in two versions: in one case Principal Component Analysis (PCA) filter is applied only to predictor and in the other to both predictor and predictand. After performing a validation test, CCA after PCA filter on both predictor and predictand has been chosen. Sea level pressure (SLP) is used as predictor. Downscaling has been carried out for the scenarios A2 and B2 on the basis of three GCM's: the CCCma-GCM2, the Csiro-MK2 and HadCM3. Three consecutive 30-year periods have been considered. For Summer precipitation in Apulia region we also use the 500 hPa temperature (T500) as predictor, obtaining comparable results. Results show different climate change signals in the four areas and confirm the need of an analysis that is capable of resolving internal differences within the Mediterranean region. The most robust signal is the reduction of Summer precipitation in the Ebro river basin. Other significative results are the increase of precipitation over Apulia in Summer, the reduction over the Po-valley in Spring and Autumn and the increase over the Antalya province in Summer and Autumn.

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Ioele, Giuseppina, Michele De Luca, Fedora Grande, Giacomina Durante, Raffaella Trozzo, Costantino Crupi, and Gaetano Ragno. "Assessment of Surface Water Quality Using Multivariate Analysis: Case Study of the Crati River, Italy." Water 12, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): 2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082214.

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The water vulnerability of the Crati river (Calabria, Italy), was assessed by applying chemometric methods on a large number of analytical parameters. This study was applied to a data set collected in the years 2015–2016, recording 30 physical–chemical and geological parameters at 25 sampling points, measured both for water and for sediments. The processing of the data by principal component analysis (PCA) allowed for highlighting the influence of the components most responsible for pollution. The accumulation of heavy metals in the water was detected only in two samples near the source of the river. On the contrary, their concentration values in the sediments exceeded the legal limit in several sites, probably due to their proximity to urban areas. In this case, high concentrations of chromium, mercury and nickel were detected both at the mouth of the river and along the valley. Lead was only detected in one sediment sample. The multivariate analysis techniques proved to be very useful to completely characterize the areas surrounding a river course and facilitate the development of a risk map to monitor health risks to the local population.

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Galeandro, A., A. Doglioni, A. Guerricchio, and V. Simeone. "Hydraulic stream network conditioning by a tectonically induced, giant, deep-seated landslide along the front of the Apennine chain (south Italy)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 5 (May 17, 2013): 1269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1269-2013.

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Abstract. The tectonic stresses that produced the uplift of Apennine chain ridge in southern Italy generated advanced buried thrusts of allochthonous deposits that induced deformations of foredeep deposits. This thrust may cause giant, deep-seated landslides at the front of the chain. Starting from a specific case history in low Biferno Valley, this work presents how giant, deep-seated landslides along the front of the chain may be generated by the thrust of allochthonous nappe of the chain. In addition, the influence that these huge phenomena may have on landslide and flood susceptibility and on natural hazards of the involved area is analysed. The work presents an interpretation of local morphology and stream network paths of low Biferno Valley as a consequence of a giant, deep-seated landslide affecting the right side of the valley. The proposed interpretation is supported by numerical geomorphological analyses of the area at stake. It is shown how both the morphologies of the catchments of the river Biferno and its tributary Cigno and stream paths are strongly conditioned by this large, deep-seated landslide. This landslide deviates the stream paths affecting both the flooding susceptibility of low Biferno Valley and landslide susceptibility on the left side of Biferno Valley.

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Dal Sasso, S. F., A. Sole, S. Pascale, F. Sdao, A. Bateman Pinzòn, and V. Medina. "Assessment methodology for the prediction of landslide dam hazard." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 3 (March 12, 2014): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-557-2014.

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Abstract. This paper represents a contribution to the study of hazard caused by the interaction between landslides and river courses. The effects of such interferences are often catastrophic and could include the formation of upstream lakes, potential dam failure, river bed dynamics and morphological alterations. These scenarios could be substantially reduced if it was possible to predict the eventuality that a moving landslide would block the river. This is a complex topic because it involves composite geomorphic phenomena concerning both hillslope and river systems and their interpretation, through model approaches, is still under development and testing. In this study, a methodology developed in the framework of European Research Project IMPRINTS (FP7) was adopted and integrated in order to identify the areas of triggering and propagation of landslides and to characterize the possible scenarios of the interaction with river networks. Different deterministic and probabilistic approaches, calibrated using a case test in the middle valley of the Noce River in Basilicata (Italy), were applied and compared at basin scale.

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Ghinassi, Massimiliano, Mauro Aldinucci, Valeria Bianchi, Andrea Brogi, Enrico Capezzuoli, Tsai-Luen Yu, and Chuan-Chou Shen. "Lifecycle of an Intermontane Plio-Pleistocene Fluvial Valley of the Northern Apennines: From Marine-Driven Incision to Tectonic Segmentation and Infill." Geosciences 11, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11030141.

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Downcutting and infill of incised valley systems is mostly controlled by relative sea-level changes, and studies on valley-fill successions accumulated independently from relative sea-level or lake-level oscillations are limited. This study focuses on the Plio-Pleistocene evolution of a fluvial drainage system developed in Southern Tuscany (Italy) following a regional marine forced regression at the end of Piacentian. Subsequent in-valley aggradation was not influenced by any relative sea-level rise, and valley morphological and depositional history mainly resulted from interaction between sediment supply and tectonic activity, which caused segmentation of the major valley trunk into localized subsiding depocenters separated by upwarping blocks. Fluvial sedimentation occurred until late Calabrian time, when the major river abandoned that valley, where minor fluvio-lacustrine depocenters allowed accumulation of siliciclastic and carbonate deposits. The present study demonstrates that the infill of the valley was not controlled by the forcing that caused its incision. Accumulation of the fluvial succession is discussed here in relation with localized, tectonic-controlled base levels, which commonly prevent from establishing of a clear downdip stratigraphic correlations. Chronological reconstruction of the study depositional dynamics provides solid constrains to frame them in the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Northern Apennines.

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Triganon, A., M. Dzikowski, J. P. Novel, M. Dray, G. M. Zuppi, and A. Parriaux. "Échanges napperivière en vallée alpine : quantification et modélisation (Vallée d'Aoste, Italie)." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 40, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e03-017.

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A mathematical model is applied to the Aoste Valley (Italy), which is a good example of the hydrological workings of alluvial rock basin aquifers in mountainous regions. The course of the Dorea Baltea follows the valley, which between the altitudes of 500 and 600 m is dominated by summits reaching more than 3000 m. The lacustrine- and fluviatile-type sedimentary deposits are accompanied by several alluvial cones that, due to their varying nature, confer very diverse hydrodynamic characteristics to the land. In this particular context, the source and drainage of the Dorea control the hydrodynamics of the aquifers and influence the spatial dispersion of the physicochemical properties of the groundwater. The model also led to quantify and determine the zones and types of exchanges with the river. Simulation of lowering the water table in the river showed the variable sensitivity of the water table piezometry with various spatial impacts. Finally, the streamaquifer impact is highlighted by the spatial evolution of the sulphate contents coming from deep lateral sources. Taking into account the streamaquifer exchanges in an underground-flow mathematical model gives a better understanding of the workings of the valley aquifers and thus their management, especially for the development of watercourses in mountainous regions.[Journal translation]

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Costagliola, Pilario, Marco Benvenuti, Laura Chiarantini, Sara Bianchi, Francesco Di Benedetto, Mario Paolieri, and Luca Rossato. "Impact of ancient metal smelting on arsenic pollution in the Pecora River Valley, Southern Tuscany, Italy." Applied Geochemistry 23, no. 5 (May 2008): 1241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.01.005.

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