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Academic literature on the topic 'Sandstone'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Sandstone"

1

Hao, Nai, Yongliang Wang, Hao Cheng, Xiaochong Wu, and Yi Zhao. "Hydration Absorption and Thermal Effects of Outcrop Porous Sandstone Based on Intelligent Experimental and Infrared Thermography Techniques." Energies 16, no. 22 (November 12, 2023): 7540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16227540.

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Sandstones are enriched in deep energy reservoirs and also exist as outcrop rocks, where the pore characteristics of sandstone are influenced by hydration absorption and thermal effects. To study the influence of the initial temperature on the hydration absorption characteristics of outcrop porous sandstone in the Mogao Grottoes, China, an intelligent experimental device for rock hydration was used. The hydration absorption characteristics and temperature effects of sandstone were analyzed by using infrared thermography techniques to monitor the infrared radiation characteristics of the sandstone’s surface during hydration absorption. The experimental results show that the higher the initial temperature of the rock samples, the shorter the time it takes for the sandstone to absorb enough water to reach saturation. The temperature variation of sandstone with different initial temperatures was also determined; the variation in the hydration absorption of sandstone conforms to certain rules, which can be expressed by formulae containing certain parameters. The changing trend of hydration absorption in outcrop porous sandstone shows that the hydration absorption increases rapidly at first, and then the rate of increase slows down until the hydration absorption remains unchanged after saturation. The experimental technique and method provide feasible means and techniques to evaluate the hydration absorption and thermal effects of outcrop porous sandstone, for further detecting the weathering degree of rock grottoes and revealing the damage mechanisms.

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2

Blake, Oshaine O., Ryan Ramsook, Uwaila C. Iyare, and Ariana Osman. "Petrographic, Petrophysical, and Mechanical Characterisation of the Ultra- Tight Casa Cruz Sandstone, Moruga Formation, Southern Basin, Trinidad." West Indian Journal of Engineering 46, no. 2 (January 2024): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/hzwe3939.

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Durability, compactness, and natural strength of sandstones are pivotal properties for its subsequent application as a building material. If a sandstone is tight and contains petroleum, then hydraulic fracturing is necessary to achieve commercial production. The Casa Cruz Sandstone Member, southern Trinidad, is currently being explored as a potential petroleum target and building material. This study investigates the petrographic, petrophysical, and mechanical characteristics of the Casa Cruz sandstone to understand the factors that control the quality of the sandstone and to determine the sandstone’s suitability as a natural resource. A thin-section analysis was performed to investigate the mineralogy, texture, and diagenesis of the sandstone. Permeability, porosity, density, P- and S-wave velocities, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and confined compressive strength were measured. The elastic properties (Young’s modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, and Poisson’s ratio) were estimated from inversion of the P- and S-wave velocities. The results show that the Casa Cruz sandstone is one of the tightest sandstone types reported in the literature with porosity of 0.7% and permeability of 4.7 x 10-22 m2 (0.47 nD). Authigenic cementation and mechanical compaction are the main diagenetic processes that jointly controlled the quality of the sandstone. The sandstone was classified as a very strong (UCS of 128 MPa) quartz-arenite and is barren of petroleum and bioclasts. Brittle failure behaviour was exhibited, accompanied by axial splitting fractures and shear fractures under unconfined and confined conditions, respectively. The Casa Cruz sandstone is suggested to be an excellent building material as its petrophysical and mechanical properties are comparable to those of commercial industry grade of Westerly granite and Naparima Hill argillite.

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Zheng, Dong-Yu, and Si-Xuan Wu. "Principal component analysis of textural characteristics of fluvio-lacustrine sandstones and controlling factors of sandstone textures." Geological Magazine 158, no. 10 (May 21, 2021): 1847–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756821000418.

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AbstractTextures are important features of sandstones; however, their controlling factors are not fully understood. We present a detailed textural analysis of fluvio-lacustrine sandstones and discuss the influences of provenance and depositional environments on sandstone textures. The upper Permian – lowermost Triassic Wutonggou sandstones in the Bogda Mountains, NW China, are the focus of this study. Sandstone thin-sections were studied by point counting and their textures were analysed using statistical and principal component analysis. Fluvial lithic, fluvial feldspathic, deltaic lithic, deltaic feldspathic, littoral lithic and littoral feldspathic sandstone were classified and compared. These comparisons indicate that lithic and feldspathic sandstones from the same depositional settings have significant differences in graphic mean, graphic standard deviation and roundness; in contrast, sandstones from different depositional settings but with similar compositions have limited differences in textures. Moreover, three principal components (PCs) are recognized to explain 75% of the total variance, of which the first principal component (PC1) can explain 44%. In bivariate plots of the PCs, sandstones can be distinguished by composition where lithic and feldspathic sandstones are placed in different fields of the plots along the axis of PC1. However, sandstones from different depositional settings overlap and show no clear division. These results indicate that provenance, mainly the source lithology, is the most significant controlling factor on sandstone texture, whereas the depositional environment has limited influence. This study improves our understanding of textural characteristics of fluvio-lacustrine sandstones and their controlling factors, and shows the potentiality of principal component analysis in sandstone studies.

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Li, Yanzhi, Yue Wu, Weiguo Qiao, Shuai Zhang, and Xungang Li. "The Permeability Evolution of Sandstones with Different Pore Structures under High Confining Pressures, High Pore Water Pressures and High Temperatures." Applied Sciences 13, no. 3 (January 30, 2023): 1771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031771.

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Seepage from the pores of sandstone exposed in deep mines is difficult to block by grouting. In this paper, the permeability evolution of four subcategories of sandstone with different pore structures under different confining pressures, pore water pressures and temperatures is analyzed by experiments. (1) With increasing confining pressure, the permeabilities of the four tested subcategories of sandstone all decrease, but at different rates and to different extents. (2) With increasing pore water pressure, the permeability of subcategory I1, I2 and II1 sandstones increases linearly, while that of subcategory II2 sandstone decreases following a power function under low confining pressures and tends to be stable under high confining pressures. (3) With increasing temperature, the permeabilities of the four sandstone subcategories decrease at different rates. (4) The orthogonal experimental results show that the confining pressure has the greatest influence on the permeability, followed by the water pressure and temperature. (5) The confining pressure, pore water pressure and temperature produce stress-strain in sandstone and thus change the sandstone pore structure and permeability. The permeability evolution of sandstones varies with pore structure. The findings of this study can inform the classified grouting of deep sandstone and optimize grouting parameters.

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5

Sørensen, Morten Kanne, and Ida Lykke Fabricius. "Clay squirt: Local flow dispersion in shale-bearing sandstones." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): MR51—MR63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0036.1.

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Dispersion of elastic-wave velocity is common in sandstone and larger in shaly sandstone than in clean sandstone. Dispersion in fluid-saturated shaly sandstone often exceeds the level expected from the stress-dependent elastic moduli of dry sandstone. The large dispersion has been coined clay squirt and is proposed to originate from a pressure gradient between the clay microporosity and the effective porosity. We have formulated a simple model that quantifies the clay-squirt effect on bulk moduli of sandstone with homogeneously distributed shale laminae or dispersed shale. The model predictions were compared with the literature data. For sandstones with dispersed shale, agreement was found, whereas other sandstones have larger fluid-saturated bulk modulus, possibly due to partially load-bearing shales or heterogeneous shale distribution. The data that agree with the clay-squirt model indicated nonuniform pore pressure in the high-frequency regime and uniform pore pressure in the low-frequency regime. Therefore, our model showed that clay-squirt dispersion can attain a sufficient magnitude to explain much of the large dispersion observed in shaly sandstone.

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6

He, Yun, Hengwei Guo, Haoxiang Lan, Can Ling, and Meiyan Fu. "The Effect of Single Sandstone Stacking Pattern on the Sandstone Reservoir Physical Properties—A Case Study from the Shanxi Formation in the Daniudi Area, Northeastern Ordos Basin." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 4740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134740.

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The role of the single sandstone stacking pattern in controlling the physical properties of the sandstones deposited in the distribution channels of the deltaic plain is unclear. This study aims to reveal the effect of the single sandstone packing patterns on the reservoir qualities of sandstones from the Shanxi Formation in the Daniudi gas field of Ordos Basin. Based on the core observation, 2D-image analysis, and thin section identification, the lithofacies were identified, the stacking patterns of the single sandbody were divided, and the differences in minerals composition and diagenesis of different sandstone stacking patterns were analyzed. According to the sedimentary facies analysis, 10 types of lithofacies have been identified in the Shanxi Formation in the study area. The single sandstone stacking patterns include mixed stacking patterns of coarse to medium-grained sandstone, fining upwards stacking patterns of coarse- to medium-grained sandstone, and coarsening upwards stacking patterns of fine- to coarse-grained sandstone. Among these single sandstone stacking patterns, there is a greater percentage of lithofacies with high reservoir quality in the fining upwards stacking patterns of coarse- to medium-grained sandstone. Through a comparative study of the differences in minerals composition, the degree of compaction, and dissolution of sandstones, it is suggested that the high porosities and permeabilities of the coarse- to medium-grained sandstone lithofacies in the fining upwards stacking patterns are caused by the low content of the matrix in sandstone, relatively weak compaction, relatively high amounts of primary pores, and strong dissolution. The relatively high content of rigid clastic particles with coarser-grained size was favorable for the preservation of primary pores. The relatively high primary porosity could provide favorable passages for the late diagenetic fluid, leading to the development of dissolved pores. The study can provide an important basis for the exploration of high-quality sandstone reservoirs in the distributary channels of the delta plain.

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Huang, Huazhou, Yuantao Sun, Xiantong Chang, Zhengqing Wu, Mi Li, and Shulei Qu. "Experimental Investigation of Pore Characteristics and Permeability in Coal-Measure Sandstones in Jixi Basin, China." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 14, 2022): 5898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165898.

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The research of pore and permeability characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs in coal-measure is critical for coal-measure gas development. In this study, the pore systems of tight sandstones were studied based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) data. The permeability of tight sandstones was obtained by the tester based on the pulse transient method. The permeability variation with the effective stress, grains, and pore characteristics was analyzed. The results show that the tight sandstone reservoirs in the coal-measure have low total porosity (2.80–4.14%), low effective porosity (0.51–1.56%), and low permeability (0.351 × 10−6–13.910 × 10−6 um2). LF-NMR T2 spectra of the testing sandstones show that the micropores are the most developed, but most of the micropores are immovable pores. The pore characteristics are significantly affected by the grain size of sandstones. The pore connectivity ranks from good to poor with decreasing sandstone particle size. The total porosity and effective porosity increase with the grain size. There is a near-linear negative relationship between permeability and effective stress when the effective stress is between 405 psi and 808 psi. The greater the number of movable pores and the larger the effective porosity, the bigger the permeability of the sandstone. The effective porosity of sandstones is a sensitive indicator for evaluating the permeability of tight sandstone reservoirs. The stress sensitivity coefficient of permeability (Ss) increases with the increase of the effective stress. The sandstone with lower permeability, smaller effective porosity, and finer grains has a higher Ss. The particle size of sandstone from coal-measure has a great influence on both permeability and Ss. The findings will provide a better understanding of the characterization of pore structure and permeability in the process the coal-measure gas extraction, which is useful for the efficient development of coal-measure gas.

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Knysh, Ivan, and Nadiya Kremin. "Zastinoche and budaniv sandstone deposits as potential geotourism objects of the Ternopil region." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Geology Series 35, no. 35 (2021): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgl.35.09.

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The article provides information on existing quarries for sandstone mining as promising geotourism locations within the Ternopil region (Western Ukraine). The study area is famous for its ancient mining of natural stone from Terebovlya sandstones. The object of research is located within the Eastern European platform on the territory of Zastinoche and Budanіv deposits. Since princely times, stone has been mined here for the construction of fortresses and defensive structures. Sediments of the Neogene and Devonian ages take part in the geological structure of the Zastinoche deposit. The mineral is represented by Devonian sandstone with an average thickness of 12 m, broken by horizontal and vertical cracks into boulders. Macroscopically, sandstone is represented by red-brown, brownish-red, greyish-red, reddish-grey, brownish-grey, pink-grey, greenish-grey and light grey variations. The Budaniv deposit is composed of Quaternary, Neogene, Cretaceous and Devonian rocks. The minerals here are the sandstones of the Ivanovo formation (Devonian), the sandstone stratum consists of two horizons. The average thickness of sandstones of the first horizon (red, thick-tiled) is 14.4 m, in the thickness of sandstones there are layers of argillites and siltstones. Sandstones of the second horizon are more thinly tiled, characterized by a thickness of 2.6 to 4.3 m. With depth, sandstones have a pink and pink-red colour. Both gray and pink variations of sandstones are fine-grained, quartz, feldspar-quartz, mica.. Cement is iron-clay; the clay part of it is sericite-silicon. Mining of sandstones at both deposits is carried out manually with the help of crowbars and wedges to the full depth. All processes for the extraction and manufacture of side and rubble stone are performed manually. Terebovlya sandstone is environmentally friendly, so it is used for the construction of facades as a natural heat insulator. Sandstone is frost-resistant and acid-resistant. It is widely used in modern architectural design and restoration of historical monuments in Europe; it is made of almost everything for facades. Among the architectural structures built of Terebovlya sandstone – a nine-arch railway bridge-viaduct near the village. Plebanivka, Terebovlya and Budaniv castles, Pidhoryany monastery of St. Basil the Great, a large number of churches and cathedrals. Geological and geotourism survey of Zastinoche and Budanіv sandstone quarries in the Ternopil region gives grounds to consider these locations as potential geotouristic objects.

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Zhang, Jinliang, Zhongqiang Sun, Longlong Liu, and Yang Li. "Sedimentary model of K-Successions Sandstones in H21 Area of Huizhou Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea." Open Geosciences 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 997–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2019-0077.

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Abstract The nearshore sand bar-sheet sedimentary system of the K-Successions sandstones of the Zhujiang Formation (23.8-16.5 Ma) in H21 Area of Huizhou Depression, Pearl River Mouth Basin has been identified in this research according to lithological characteristics, lithofacies, sedimentary sequence and seismic attributes. Seven lithofacies were recognized: fine-grained massive sandstone (Sm), fine-grained trough cross-bedded sandstone (St), fine-grained planar-bedded sandstone (Sp), fine-grained ripple cross-bedded sandstone (Sr), fine grained horizontally-bedded sandstone (Sh), laminated claystone with interbedded siltstone (Fl) and massive mudstone (Fm). Three sedimentary microfacies were further divided: sand bar, sand sheet and interbar. With the progradation and retrogradation process influenced by sea level changing, delta evolution of K-Successions sandstones in H21 area of Huizhou Depression can be divided into four stages: the early stage of the transgressive systems tract, A/S>1; the medium stage of the transgressive systems tract, A/S>1; the end stage of transgressive systems tract; the stage of the highstand systems tract, A/S<1. Different evolution stages controlled the sandstones distribution.

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Huang, Wenbiao, Shuangfang Lu, and Salad Hersi Osman. "Quality grading system for tight sandstone reservoirs in the Quantou 4 Member, southern Songliao Basin, Northeast China." Interpretation 5, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): T503—T522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2017-0067.1.

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A grading system for tight sandstone reservoir quality is needed to predict tight oil enrichment areas and assess the resources. To explore the establishment of the grading system, a variety of research methods, such as rate-controlled mercury injection, conventional mercury injection, contact angle measurement, and the mechanical equilibrium principle, are integrated to determine the upper and lower limits of the porosity, permeability, and pore-throat radius of tight sandstones and to establish a quality grading system. Based on the porosity [Formula: see text], permeability [Formula: see text], and pore-throat size [Formula: see text] properties of the studied samples from the [Formula: see text] Member, five sandstone classes have been identified. Three of these classes are tight sandstone reservoirs and include (1) high-quality tight sandstone reservoirs ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]), (2) effective tight sandstone reservoirs ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]), and (3) low-quality tight sandstone reservoirs ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]). Sandstones with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] parameters higher than the high-quality tight reservoirs are deemed to be conventional reservoirs, whereas those with parameters lower than the low-quality tight sandstone reservoirs are considered as nonreservoir sandstones. It is also noted that oil saturation of the tight sandstone reservoirs correlates positively with the throat radius rather than with the pore size. High-quality tight sandstone reservoirs are usually developed in the distributary channel sand bodies near faults and/or fractures, and they are capable of producing more petroleum.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sandstone"

1

Gu, Xue Fan 1956. "Shear behaviour of sandstone-concrete joints and pile shafts in sandstone." Monash University, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8856.

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Haji, Abdul Karim Roslinah. "Foamed bitumen stabilised sandstone aggregates." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29060/.

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Roads form a key element for the expansion of economy and development of a country. As with most countries, Brunei Darussalam has been facing a rapid development to meet the economic growth that requires an efficient road network. Therefore, the scarcity of conventional road aggregates in Brunei Darussalam means that the country has a strong dependence on imported aggregates from overseas to construct quality roads. Further restrictions on local road specifications make it almost impossible to include low quality granular materials. The study reported in this thesis was undertaken on the basis that the dependence on overseas resources is not a viable long- term solution. The research task has been, therefore, to ascertain the quality of local sandstones for road construction and then to propose means to upgrade their performance quality for optimum utilisation in cost effective applications. This study focused on the road base layer since that is where most aggregate is used. The approach used for this study was to identify the common rock in Brunei Darussalam and review the candidate treatment methods. A weighted matrix for these candidate treatment methods was constructed to determine the overall ranking with selected key criteria on the basis of the local climatic condition, construction preferences and traditions. From the reviews, Foamed bitumen was selected as a feasible treatment method that can improve the sandstone characteristics under local conditions. Three curing conditions were adopted in this study, simulating extreme field conditions in Brunei Darussalam, to characterise the mechanical properties of foamed bitumen stabilised sandstone mixtures, termed 'foam mix'. The following tests were conducted: • The response of stiffness modulus behaviour in the foam mix produced at different levels of mixing moisture content and cement content under dry and wet conditions was measured to study the mixing moisture content (MMC) in foam mix design. • A humid curing study was performed to indicate the short term stiffness of foam mixes in order to aid in the prediction of the delay necessary before a road comprising these foam mixes could be opened to traffic, and to determine how curing time and moisture content affect the development of stiffness modulus with and without cement. • A preliminary investigation was carried out into the potential of coir fibres as a reinforcement agent in the foam mix, measuring its effect on stiffness modulus, tensile strength and permanent deformation. • Being sensitive to moisture, the climatic durability of foam mix was further assessed by studying the effect of dry/wet cycles on the stiffness modulus incorporating other additives such as hydrated lime and pre-blended bitumen with wet fix. • Microscopic analysis has been undertaken as a guide to characterise the microstructure of the foam mix incorporating additives such as cement and coir fibres in order to support the laboratory findings. The laboratory results confirmed that the stiffness behaviour of the foam mix could be influenced by the amount of MMC, cement content and humidity of the environment. It was found that the foam mix with 1% cement (by mass of dried aggregates) at MMC, 70% of OMC, produced a durable mixture with a high stiffness modulus value in both dry and wet conditions as well as when subjected to the effect of alternate dry and wet cycles. The investigation on the potential of coir fibre to reinforce the foam mix indicated that the fibre did help to prevent large cracks in the foam mixes but unfortunately the reinforced foam mixes were easily damaged under a wet environment.

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De, Ros Luiz Fernando, and Universitatis Upsaliensis Institute of Earth Sciences Mineralogy-Petrology Acta. "Compositional controls on sandstone diagenesis." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/1498.

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Rahman, Syed Hafizur. "Colloid movement through saturated sandstone matrix." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434702.

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Scott, Julian Barry Tuson. "Low-frequency electrical spectroscopy of sandstone." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403448.

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Wild, E. K. "The sedimentology and reservoir quality of the Kinnerton Sandstone Formation, U.K. and the Tirrawara Sandstone, S. Australia." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384483.

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Dassow, Jessica Maria Irmgard. "Sensing and understanding the resilience of sandstone." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2019. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/41087/.

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When stones are incorporated into buildings their mineralogical composition and texture alters to adapt to the new environmental conditions. One of the most common building stones in Scotland is sandstone. Due to its high porosity and mineralogical composition sandstones can be prone to weathering. Scotland's diverse stone built heritage is endangered by frequent changes in environmental conditions such as cyclic wetting and drying and temperature changes caused by insolation. Buildings also face increased pressure through climate change. In Scotland, the decay of sandstone is a serious problem that urgently requires new approaches to preserve built heritage and to reduce maintenance costs. It is therefore important to understand the extent and timescales of weathering processes. New approaches to assess stone decay are required for deciding on the best conservation strategy for historic buildings. These approaches or tools need to be minimally or non-invasive, portable and provide a consistent method to gain empirical data for evaluation of the progress of weathering. This project aims to develop two new in-situ techniques that can assess the state of decay of building stones beneath their outer surface. The developed techniques use a laser interferometer to measure dilation over time and an ultrasonic drilling tool to estimate the structural properties of the stones. These measurements are joint with micro-climate monitoring of sandstones to enable a combined assessment of stone decay. The laser interferometer can measure decay induced contraction or expansion of stones on the nanometre scale. Salt crystallisation in porous systems can be examined with very high precision under any temperature and humidity condition that enable salt growth. Characterising dilation events through precise measurement of displacement and its frequency can provide insight on the intensity of decay of the building material. The drying behaviour of different samples (unweathered, weathered and artificially weathered) was monitored to enable the differentiation of rock type and state of decay. The ultrasonic drilling tool allows identification of changes in the structure of a sample while drilling a hole up to 4 cm depth. By continuously measuring the power required to drill, porosity changes and/or the presence of salt at depth can be mapped. The use of ultrasonic tools enables penetration of the rock with less average force on the stone and a faster progress rate into hard materials without a significant wear effect on the drill bits. Operational settings can be kept constant for different physical properties of the rocks such as compressive strength. Monitoring of the power consumption enables to determine different stone types and the location of salt accumulation/damage in artificially weathered sandstones. Micro-climate monitoring includes the measurement of temperature and humidity changes at the surface of building stones. The analysis enables an identification of areas that suffer from increased stress caused by frequent and high rates of changes in temperature and humidity. A study at four historic buildings was conducted for nearly two years. The sites include the University of Glasgow, Dunkeld Cathedral, Jedburgh Abbey and Fort Charlotte (Shetland Islands). Seasonal changes, stone type and north-south elongation were evaluated for determining rocks with increased weathering risks. The developed techniques provide a more precise identification of stone weathering and allow for better prediction of the decay processes. The techniques allow up-scaling from the lab to the field, and can potentially be used in-situ on historical buildings under site conditions.

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Almalki, Majed Ahmed. "Borehole seismic methods in high permeability sandstone." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2284.

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In this research complex field borehole seismic measurements are made at a range of frequencies in weakly-consolidated, high-permeability sandstones. New 3D visualisation of phase velocity dispersion derived from multifrequency full waveforms reveals overlapping wave-modes in both open drill holes and sand-screened wells which appear to be sensitive to hydraulic permeability. Multidisciplinary studies of virtual source tomography, vertical seismic profiling and full waveform sonic provide credible information for understanding heterogeneous aquifers with complex sedimentary structures.

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9

Dark, Joshua Peter. "Reservoir Characterization of the Mid-Cretaceous Dakota Formation, Southern Uinta Basin, Utah." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1214353343.

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Maduakor, Ekene Obioma. "Effects of carbon dioxide injection on the displacement of methane and carbonate dissolution in sandstone cores." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4164.

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Previous coreflood experiments show that CO2 sequestration in carbonate rocks is a win-win technology. Injecting CO2 into a depleted gas reservoir for storage also produces hitherto unrecoverable gas. This in turn helps to defray the cost of CO2 sequestration. This thesis reports the results from experiments conducted on a Berea sandstone core. The experiments include displacement experiments and unconfined compressive strength tests. The displacement experiments were conducted at cell pressures of 1500 psig and temperature of 60oC using a 1 foot long and 1 inch diameter Berea sandstone core. Pure CO2 and treated flue gas (99.433 % mole CO2) were injected into the Berea sandstone core initially saturated with methane at a pressure of 1500 psig and 800 psig respectively. Results from these experiments show that the dispersion coefficient for both pure CO2 and treated flue gas are relatively small ranging from 0.18-0.225 cm2/min and 0.28-0.30 cm2/min respectively. The recovery factor of methane at break-through is relatively high ranging from 71%-80% of original gas in place for pure CO2 and 90% to 92% OGIP for treated flue gas, the difference resulting from different cell pressures used. Therefore it would appear that, in practice injection of treated flue gas is a cheaper option compared to pure CO2 injection. For the unconfined compressive strength tests, corefloods were first conducted at high flowrates ranging from 5 ml/min to 20 ml/ min, pressures of 1700-1900 Psig and a temperature of 65oC. These conditions simulate injecting CO2 originating from an electric power generation plant into a depleted gas reservoir and model the near well bore situation. Results from these experiments show a 1% increase in porosity and changes in injectivity due to permeability impairment. The cores are then subjected to an unconfined compressive strength test. Results from these tests do not show any form of weakening of the rock due to CO2 injection.

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Books on the topic "Sandstone"

1

Andrew, Taylor. Sandstone. St Lucia, Qld., Australia: University of Queensland Press, 1995.

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Young, Robert, and Ann Young. Sandstone Landforms. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76588-9.

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Burley, Stuart D., and Richard H. Worden, eds. Sandstone Diagenesis. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444304459.

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International Symposium "Sandstone Landscapes-Diversity, Ecology and Conservation" (2002 Switzerland). Sandstone landscapes. Praha: Academia in collaboration with Bohemian Switzerland National Park Administration and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 2007.

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Wright, Anson. Sandstone monastery. Portland, Or: Wijiji Pub., 2004.

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W, Young R. Sandstone landforms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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W, Young R. Sandstone landforms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

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Young, R. W. Sandstone landforms. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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1956-, Flannery Tim F., ed. Sydney sandstone. Sydney, NSW: Craftsman House, 2002.

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Barwis, John H., John G. McPherson, and Joseph R. J. Studlick, eds. Sandstone Petroleum Reservoirs. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8988-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sandstone"

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Bjørlykke, Knut, and Jens Jahren. "Sandstones and Sandstone Reservoirs." In Petroleum Geoscience, 113–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02332-3_4.

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Bjørlykke, Knut, and Jens Jahren. "Sandstones and Sandstone Reservoirs." In Petroleum Geoscience, 119–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34132-8_4.

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Zelt, Fred, Jim Shaulis, and Grant Wach. "Geologic setting and organic architecture of Fallingwater, Frank Lloyd Wright’s masterpiece." In Field Excursions to the Appalachian Plateaus and the Valley and Ridge for GSA Connects 2023, 29–78. Geological Society of America, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2023.0066(02).

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ABSTRACT Fallingwater is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that showcases a unique organic architectural design by Frank Lloyd Wright. Rising from bedrock in Mill Run, Pennsylvania, USA, Fallingwater incorporates large boulders into interior living spaces and is oriented with the geometry of a landscape created by the interplay of mountain and climate. Built to showcase local sandstone, Fallingwater is of the terrain. Building stone was quarried near the house from a 2-m-thick zone of quartzose medium to thin-bedded, fine- to very fine-grained sandstones in the Pennsylvanian upper Pottsville Formation. The building stone has abundant trace fossils and ripple marks, and is interpreted to have been deposited in shoreface environments with some tidal influence, or possibly in tidal flat environments. The house rests on sandstone bedrock of the Homewood sandstone, a Middle Pennsylvanian unit within the upper Pottsville Formation. At Fallingwater, the Homewood sandstone is interpreted to fill an incised valley with coarse, fluvial sandstones common in the lower part of the valley fill and finer-grained fluvial sandstones with possible evidence of marine or brackish influence in the upper fill. The Fallingwater building stone unit overlies the Homewood sandstone, above an interpreted marine flooding surface. Thickening of the Homewood sandstone in synclines suggests that deposition was influenced by Alleghanian deformation. Natural fractures in competent bedrock controlled the orientation of Bear Run at Fallingwater, and the fit of the house within the three-dimensional landscape of the valley, stream, and waterfall. Variation in natural fractures in bedded versus massive sandstone layers appears to have controlled the azimuths of the edges of the waterfalls at Fallingwater. Creation of the Fallingwater sandstone member of the Pottsville Formation is proposed.

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"Sandstone." In Dictionary of Geotourism, 535–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0_2140.

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"sandstone." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 1166. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_190526.

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"Sandstone." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, 1199. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_190139.

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"Sandstone." In Archaeology and Geology of Ancient Egyptian Stones, 297–356. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.14527553.14.

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Critelli, Salvatore, and Sara Criniti. "Sandstone Petrology and Provenance in Fold Thrust Belt and Foreland Basin System." In Sedimentary Petrology - Implications in Petroleum Industry [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96985.

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The sandstone composition of foreland basin has a wide range of provenance signatures, reflecting the interplay between flexed underplate region and abrupt growth of the accreted upper plate region. The combination of contrasting detrital signatures reflects these dual plate interactions; indeed, several cases figure out that the earliest history of older foreland basin infilling is marked by quartz-rich sandstones, with cratonal or continental-block provenance of the flexed underplate flanks. As upper plate margin grows over the underplate, the nascent fold-and-thrust belt starts to be the main producer of grain particles, reflecting the space/time dependent progressive unroofing of the subjacent orogenic source terranes. The latter geodynamic processes are mainly reflected in the nature of sandstone compositions that become more lithic fragment-rich and feldspar-rich as the fold-thrust belt involves the progressive deepest portions of upper plate crustal terranes. In this context sandstone signatures reflect quartzolithic to quartzofeldspathic compositions.

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"feldspathic sandstone." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 514. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_60499.

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"ferruginous sandstone." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 515. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_60564.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sandstone"

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Farquhar, R. A., B. G. D. Smart, A. C. Todd, D. E. Tompkins, and A. J. Tweedie. "Stress Sensitivity of Low-Permeability Sandstones From the Rotliegendes Sandstone." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/26501-ms.

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Sampedro, Zebula, Thomas Hauser, and Saurabh Sood. "Sandstone HPC." In PEARC17: Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing 2017. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3093338.3093360.

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Zhang, Baosen, Xin Jin, Yitian Xiao, Yunzhe Hou, Jin Meng, Zhenkai Huang, and Meng Han. "Quantitative Identification of Sandstone Lithology Based On Thin-Section Micrographs Using the U-net and U-net++ Semantic Segmentation Network." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22865-ea.

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Abstract Quantitative identification of sandstone microscopic images is an essential task for sandstone reservoir characterization. The widely-used classical Gazzi-Dickinson point-counting method can be subjective, inconsistent and time-consuming. Furthermore, by directly putting labeled microscopic images of all rock types into image recognition models for training, most previous studies did not address the petrographic principle of artificial identification. In this study, U-Net and U-Net++ semantic segmentation networks that incorporated the sandstone petrographic principle in quantitative identification of sandstone was introduced. Automatic identification of sandstone microscopic images requires prior knowledge learned from the identified sandstones with similar compositions. First, hundreds of thin-sections of typical sandstone reservoirs were selected from several key petroleum basins in China. Second, one-to-one single and orthogonal polarized images were taken for them. Third, the annotation software was used to label the type of each skeleton grain, including quartz, feldspar, lithic fragment and pore. Finally, 480 sets of data, each of which includes single and orthogonal polarized images and their ".json" format annotation results, were obtained for training and testing of the U-Net model to quantitatively analyze sandstone microscopic images. Within the 480 sets of data, 6798 sandstone skeleton grains, including 4542 quartzes, 796 feldspars, 1248 lithic fragments and 212 pores were labeled. The sandstone thin-section quantitative identification model trained by 392 data sets achieved a training accuracy of 96% with the intersection over union at 78% for quartz, and a training accuracy of 88% with the intersection over union at 56% for lithic fragments. The remaining 88 data sets were used for testing, and the accuracy was 87% with its intersection over union at 74% for quartz and a training accuracy of 77% with the intersection over union at 54% for lithic fragments. As a classic fully convolutional network that excels in processing medical images, the U-Net or U-Net++ semantic segmentation network has also performed very well in quantitative identification of sandstone microscopic images. After the proportion of each sandstone skeleton grain has been identified, the simple subdivision descriptive petrographic classification of the sandstone was determined according to the classic Dickinson sandstone taxonomic criteria. In other words, most current deep learning algorithms classify sandstones at the bulk rock level, but this U-Net model has been extended to the mineral level for comprehensive identification. Our vision-based sandstone lithology identification model has not only improved the accuracy of artificial identification but also reduced the instability and subjectivity of the traditional manual processing and expert decision-making approach. In the future, we plan to increase the number and coverage of labeled thin-section images to evaluate the impact on the accuracy and consistency of the U-Net or U-Net++ model, and to expand the approach to identify other terrigenous clastic rock. Furthermore, we hope to improve the capability of the model to identify grains, such as monocrystalline and polycrystalline quartz from "quartz", K-feldspar and plagioclase from "feldspar", and igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary lithic fragments from "lithic fragments".

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Drummond, Carl. "RECONSIDERING SANDSTONE CLASSIFICATION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-334760.

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"Wettability Alteration on Sandstone Reservoirs Containing Clay Minerals By The Addition Anionic Alkyl Ethoxy Carboxylate Surfactant." In Indonesian Petroleum Association - 46th Annual Convention & Exhibition 2022. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa22-e-298.

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With the increasing number of maturing fields, surfactant injection as an alternative EOR technique is essential to mobilize the remaining oil. The presence of clay in the sandstone causes the polar components in the oil to be adsorbed on the rock surface, causing a tendency towards wettability towards oil-wet. Therefore, the oil potential remaining in the reservoir, which is the target of surfactant injection, is more significant in oil reservoirs with oil-wet characteristics. For this reason, surfactants are needed that can alter the surface properties of oil-wet to water-wet and the ability of these surfactants to reduce IFT. The wettability alteration mechanism is one thing that needs to be understood more deeply, considering the critical function of surfactant injection in the EOR method. Studies on the effect of adding surfactants on sandstones containing clay minerals of certain types and concentrations need to be developed to assist the application of the oil recovery process at an advanced stage. Laboratory experiments are carried out by measuring the contact angle of sandstone samples conditioned according to reservoir characteristics with several concentrations of clay interacting with fluid. The measurement results show that the initial condition of the sandstone containing montmorillonite clay is water-wet, while the sandstone containing kaolinite clay is oil-wet. The presence of surfactant solutions gives a wettability alteration effect on sandstones containing montmorillonite clay to become more water-wet and sandstones containing kaolinite to be water-wet. Surfactant solution with a concentration of 1wt% gives a more significant wettability alteration effect than surfactants with the attention of 2wt%. The interaction of sandstones containing clay minerals with surfactant solution shows that the addition of surfactants can reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water. In contrast, surfactants with a concentration of 2wt% can reduce IFT greater than surfactants with the attention of 1wt%.

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Zhou, Lijun, and Hisham Nasr-El-Din. "Acidizing Sandstone Formations Using a Single-Stage Sandstone Acid System." In 75th EAGE Conference & Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2013. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/164799-ms.

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Zhou, L., and H. A. Nasr-El-Din. "Acidizing Sandstone Formations Using a Sandstone Acid System For High Temperatures." In SPE European Formation Damage Conference & Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/165084-ms.

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Sasowsky, Ira, and E. Calvin Alexander. "Sinkholes developed in sandstone." In National Cave and Karst Research Institute Symposium 8. National Cave and Karst Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/9781733375313.1014.

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O'Meara, D. J., B. Haynes, J. D. Doyle, M. L. Sweet, and V. Langlais. "Modeling Reservoir Heterogeneity in a Fluvial Sandstone: The Gypsy Sandstone of Oklahoma." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/22742-ms.

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Gu, Xue F., Julian P. Seidel, Chris M. Haberfield, and Abdelmalek Bouazza. "Wear of Sandstone Surfaces During Direct Shear Testing of Sandstone/Concrete Joints." In Geo-Frontiers Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40778(157)9.

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Reports on the topic "Sandstone"

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Issler, D. R. Sandstone compaction. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207704.

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Bell, R. T. Sandstone uranium. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207980.

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Sangster, D. F. Sandstone lead. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/207982.

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Meade, Roger. The Sandstone Tests. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1734703.

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Decker, J. E. Sandstone model analysis procedure. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1084.

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Webb, Nathan, and Donna Willette. The Cypress Sandstone Seal System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1905579.

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Kelkar, B. G. Reservoir characterization of Pennsylvanian sandstone reservoirs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/29382.

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Kelkar, B. G. Reservoir characterization of Pennsylvanian sandstone reservoirs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6031180.

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Laubach, Stephen. PREDICTING FRACTURE POROSITY EVOLUTION IN SANDSTONE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2282889.

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Lavoie, D., V. Tremblay, and C. Rivard. Sandstone composition and diagenesis of the Paskapoo Formation and their significance for shallow groundwater aquifer in the Fox Creek area, west-central Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331923.

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The shallow aquifer in the Fox Creek area is hosted by the Paleocene Paskapoo Formation. The formation consists of fluvial deposits with channel-filled high-energy sandstone cutting through fine-grained, low energy overbank sediments. Three internal members are recognized, these members define three hydrostratigraphic units (two aquifers versus one aquitard). In fall 2022, three boreholes were drilled and cored. The succession is slightly dominated by sandstone with subordinate fine-grained sediments and thin coal intervals. The calcareous to non-calcareous sandstone is either tight and well compacted or porous, friable to unconsolidated. The litharenite is composed of quartz, various types of rock fragments, chert, and feldspars. Detrital carbonates can be abundant. The post-sedimentation history of the sandstone recorded cementation and dissolution events from near surface, through shallow burial and late tectonic exhumation. The events include early clay coatings on grains, dissolution of metastable minerals, cementation from calcite, kaolinite and minor chlorite and late near surface fault-controlled freshwater circulation and dissolution. The late event resulted in friable to unconsolidated sandstone intervals.

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