Journal articles on the topic 'Sand screen'
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Feng, Yuqing, Xavier Choi, Bailin Wu, Qinggong Wang, Chong Yau Wong, Seng Lim, Bahrom Madon, et al. "A numerical assessment of the effect of particle size distribution and operation parameters on sand retention over sand screens." APPEA Journal 55, no. 2 (2015): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14111.
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Sand screens are often installed in sanding prone wellbores to control sand production. A selection of optimal sand screen apertures is required to minimise sand production and maximise fluid production. This has been accomplished historically on empirical correlations, rules of thumb and laboratory sand retention experiments. These methodologies have a number of limitations that can lead to different screen types and sub-optimal screen apertures to be selected. Using discrete element models (DEMs), many design/operating parameters similar to a specific wellbore condition can be simulated and tested in parallel. Most importantly, the detailed particle scale information helps to give a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms controlling the sand retention process. This extended abstract presents an investigation of the sand production problem from wire wrapped screens and slotted liners through the use of a DEM for the solid flow with fluid flow coupling using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Information about particle sizes and distributions incorporated in the DEM model are based on measurement data from reservoir sands. The focus is on the effect of particle size distributions, particle concentration, and the slot width on sand retention across a slotted sand screen.
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Nguyen, Lam Quoc Cuong, and Mau Dang Nguyen. "Evaluating the screen performance in sand control design by laboratory sand retention test." Petrovietnam Journal 11 (December 16, 2022): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47800/pvj.2022.11-04.
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To produce oil and gas from unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, sand screens are necessary to control sand flowing from the formation into the wells, causing well pluggings. In open hole completion, stand-alone sand screen is an essential component to prevent sand production, thus, selection of suitable sand screens is critical to minimize sand production and optimize the well’s production life.
Nowadays, premium screens with steel meshes make the openings of the screen slots complex in shape, resulting in a very different effect of sand retention compared to the traditional screens. The sand retention test is considered a standard and must be conducted to select screen opening and size, which decides the sand prevention capacity of the screen.
The paper presents the factors affecting the results of laboratory sand retention tests and proposes solution in the direction of considering the data trend rather than relying completely on the output results. The paper also brings about the evaluation method through the change the screen’s permeability to have better qualitative results compared to the traditional methods.
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Ahad, Nur Aqilah, Morteza Jami, and Stephen Tyson. "A review of experimental studies on sand screen selection for unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 10, no. 4 (January 2, 2020): 1675–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-019-00826-y.
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AbstractSand production is a problem that affects hydrocarbon production from unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. Several factors, such as the strength of the reservoir, its lithification and cementation and reduction in pore pressure, may cause sand to be separated from the rock and transported by hydrocarbons to the well. Producing sand commonly causes erosion and corrosion of downhole and surface equipment, leading to production interruptions and sometimes forces operators to shut-in wells. Several different methods of sand control are available to reduce the impact of sand production. The reviewed papers suggest that the most suitable methods for unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs are stand-alone screens and gravel packs. Because of the cost and complexity of gravel packs, stand-alone screens are usually the first choice. These screens have different geometries, and selection of the most suitable screen depends on the particle size distribution of the grains in the formation and other reservoir and production parameters. A screen retention test, run in a laboratory with screen samples and typical sands, is often used to ensure that the screen is suitable for the reservoir. This paper reviews the main causes of sand production, the properties of unconsolidated sandstones that predispose reservoirs to sand production problems and the selection criteria for the most suitable mitigation method. The process of selecting a screen using experimental screen retention tests is reviewed, and the limitations of these tests are also discussed. Some numerical simulations of experimental tests are also reviewed, since this represents a very cost-effective alternative to laboratory experiments.
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Zhang, Yiqun, Wei Wang, Panpan Zhang, Gensheng Li, Shouceng Tian, Jingsheng Lu, and Bo Zhang. "A Solution to Sand Production from Natural Gas Hydrate Deposits with Radial Wells: Combined Gravel Packing and Sand Screen." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010071.
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Sand production is one of the main problems restricting the safe, efficient and sustainable exploitation of marine natural gas hydrate. To explore the sand-control effects of gravel packing, experiments that simulate hydrate extraction in the water-rich environment were conducted with designed hydrate synthesis and exploitation devices. Three sand control completion methods, including 120 mesh sand screen, 400 mesh sand screen, 120 mesh sand screen combined with gravel packing, are adopted. Sand and gas production rates were compared under different well types and sand control completion methods. Results show that the gas production modes of radial wells and vertical wells are almost the same at the same time due to the small experimental scale and high permeability. The sand production of the vertical well with gravel packing combined with a sand-control screen is 50% lower than that of the vertical well with sand-control screens only. Radial well with gravel packing combined with sand-control screens produced 87% less sand than screen mesh alone. The cumulative gas production and recovery rates of a radial well with the composite sand control method are better than those without gravel packing in the same development time.
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Bakulin, Andrey, Dmitry Alexandrov, Alexander Sidorov, and Boris Kashtan. "Acoustic waves in sand-screened deepwater completions: Comparison of experiments and modeling." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 1 (January 2009): E45—E56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3002769.
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Real-time completion monitoring with acoustic waves has been proposed recently as a method to monitor permeability changes along completions. Typical deepwater completions contain additional layers of sand screen, gravel sand, and perforated casing, which make them quite different from a fluid-filled open borehole. Monitoring changes in flow properties across the completion is crucial because impairment of permeability in any of these layers could cause reduced well productivity. In contrast to an open-hole model, a sand-screened completion supports two tube waves related to an inner fluid column and a gravel suspension in the annulus. To study effects of screen and sand permeability on tube-wave signatures, we construct simple numerical models of various completion scenarios using poroelastic descriptions of screen and sand. Models generally predict that a fast tube wave does not attenuate at either low or high permeability, but experiences resonant attenuation at intermediate frequencies. In contrast, a slow tube wave attenuates completely above a certain permeability value. Models provide a qualitative and sometimes a semiquantitative description for signatures of the fast tube wave. However, they are unable to explain why the slow tube wave is observed in experiments with high permeabilities of sand and screen. We speculate that a better model of complex sand screens is required to match experimental data.
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Bravo, Buchón-Moragues, Redondo, Ferri, and Sánchez-Pérez. "Integrated Photogrammetric-Acoustic Technique for Qualitative Analysis of the Performance of Acoustic Screens in Sandy Soils." Sensors 19, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 4881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19224881.
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In this work, we present an integrated photogrammetric-acoustic technique that, together with the construction of a scaled wind tunnel, allows us to experimentally analyze the permeability behavior of a new type of acoustic screen based on a material called sonic crystal. Acoustic screens are devices used to reduce noise, mostly due to communication infrastructures, in its transmission phase from the source to the receiver. The main constructive difference between these new screens and the classic ones is that the first ones are formed by arrays of acoustic scatterers while the second ones are formed by continuous walls. This implies that, due to their geometry, screens based on sonic crystals are permeable to wind and water, unlike the classic ones. This fact may allow the use of these new screens in sandy soils, where sand would pass through the screen, avoiding the formation of sand dunes that are formed in classic screens and drastically reducing their acoustic performance. In this work, the movement of the sand and the resulting acoustic attenuation in these new screens are analyzed qualitatively, comparing the results with those obtained with the classic ones, and obtaining interesting results from the acoustic point of view.
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Shaffee, Siti Nur, Paul F. Luckham, Omar K. Matar, Aditya Karnik, and Mohd Shahrul Zamberi. "Numerical Investigation of Sand-Screen Performance in the Presence of Adhesive Effects for Enhanced Sand Control." SPE Journal 24, no. 05 (June 3, 2019): 2195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/195686-pa.
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Summary In many industrial processes, an effective particle–filtration system is essential for removing unwanted solids. The oil and gas industry has explored various technologies to control and manage excessive sand production, such as by installing sand screens or injecting consolidation chemicals in sand–prone wells as part of sand–management practices. However, for an unconsolidated sandstone formation, the selection and design of effective sand control remains a challenge. In recent years, the use of a computational technique known as the discrete–element method (DEM) has been explored to gain insight into the various parameters affecting sand–screen–retention behavior and the optimization of various types of sand screens (Mondal et al. 2011, 2012, 2016; Feng et al. 2012; Wu et al. 2016). In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of particle filtration using a fully coupled computational–fluid–dynamics (CFD)/DEM approach featuring polydispersed, adhesive solid particles. We found that an increase in particle adhesion reduces the amount of solid in the liquid filtrate that passes through the opening of a wire–wrapped screen, and that a solid pack of particle agglomerates is formed over the screen with time. We also determined that increasing particle adhesion gives rise to a decrease in packing density and a diminished pressure drop across the solid pack covering the screen. This finding is further supported by a Voronoi tessellation analysis, which reveals an increase in porosity of the solid pack with elevated particle adhesion. The results of this study demonstrate that increasing the level of particle agglomeration, such as by using an adhesion–promoting chemical additive, has beneficial effects on particle filtration. An important application of these findings is the design and optimization of sand–control processes for a hydrocarbon well with excessive sand production, which is a major challenge in the oil and gas industry.
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Rodríguez, C. D., and J. S. De Plaza. "Flow hydraulic simulation through two sand traps, using Ansys fluent." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2118, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2118/1/012002.
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Abstract Computational fluid dynamics is a tool that allows to simulate and observe the behavior of any fluid, based on a physical, hydraulic, and hydrodynamic analysis. This research analyses the behavior of the flow in a sand trap, which is a structure used to remove sand particles with a minimum size of 0.10 mm, prior to treatment in a drinking-water plant. The objective of this study is to determine the highest efficiency between two sand traps, one with a double smooth screen and the other with a double perforated screen (with diffusers), based on the simulation and analysis behavior of the flow inside each sand trap. The methodology used includes the traditional design of each unit based on Hazen’s model and Stokes viscosity law, to later carry out the numerical model simulation from Ansys Fluent (pre-processing, processing, and post-processing). The result shows that perforated double screen sand trap generates a removal efficiency of 78%, while the smooth double screen 28%. In addition, other four units of interleaved screens are proposed, in these cases efficiencies of up to 50% are observed and it is shown that it is necessary to implement at least two perforated screens (with diffusers) to guarantee an efficiency greater than 70%. Hydraulic simulation has a broad impact on infrastructure works and consulting.
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Razak, Nurul Nadhirah Abd, Said Jadid Abdulkadir, Mohd Azuwan Maoinser, Siti Nur Amira Shaffee, and Mohammed Gamal Ragab. "One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network with Adaptive Moment Estimation for Modelling of the Sand Retention Test." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 3802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093802.
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Stand-alone screens (SASs) are active sand control methods where compatible screens and slot sizes are selected through the sand retention test (SRT) to filter an unacceptable amount of sand produced from oil and gas wells. SRTs have been modelled in the laboratory using computer simulation to replicate experimental conditions and ensure that the selected screens are suitable for selected reservoirs. However, the SRT experimental setups and result analyses are not standardized. A few changes made to the experimental setup can cause a huge variation in results, leading to different plugging performance and sand retention analysis. Besides, conducting many laboratory experiments is expensive and time-consuming. Since the application of CNN in the petroleum industry attained promising results for both classification and regression problems, this method is proposed on SRT to reduce the time, cost, and effort to run the laboratory test by predicting the plugging performance and sand production. The application of deep learning has yet to be imposed in SRT. Therefore, in this study, a deep learning model using a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) with adaptive moment estimation is developed to model the SRT with the aim of classifying plugging sign (screen plug, the screen does not plug) as well as to predict sand production and retained permeability using a varying sand distribution, SAS, screen slot size, and sand concentration as inputs. The performance of the proposed 1D-CNN model for the slurry test shows that the prediction of retained permeability and the classification of plugging sign achieved robust accuracy with more than a 90% value of R2, while the prediction of sand production achieved 77% accuracy. In addition, the model for the sand pack test achieved 84% accuracy in predicting sand production. For comparative model performance, gradient boosting (GB), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) were also modelled on the same datasets. The results showed that the proposed 1D-CNN model outperforms the other four machine learning models for both SRT tests in terms of prediction accuracy.
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Sun, Qing Zhou, Jing Guang Yan, Pu Qing Zhang, Zhong Kui Zhao, and Hang Du. "Research on Performance of Foundry Sand under the Effect of Chemical Binder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 597 (July 2014): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.597.262.
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This paper makes an experiental research on the performance of foundry sand under the effect of chemical binder. It discoveries the raw sand with different origin will have different properties even though they have the same particle size. The properties of their molding sand are also obviously different. For the raw sand that in the same particle size with similar acid demand value and four-screen distribution, the better grain shape will earn them a higher molding sand strength even though they have higher clay content. Under the effect of liquid binder, compared to the molding sand mixed from the sand of three-screen distribution, the molding sand mixed from those of four-screen distribution sand with other properties similar will have a higher tensile strength While under the effect of solid phenolic resin adhesive, the three-screen sand with good grain shape will have a high sand strength.
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Underdown, D. R., R. C. Dickerson, and W. Vaughan. "The Nominal Sand-Control Screen: A Critical Evaluation of Screen Performance." SPE Drilling & Completion 16, no. 04 (December 1, 2001): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/75326-pa.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Evaluating Sand-Screen Performance With Sand-Retention Tests and Numerical Modeling." Journal of Petroleum Technology 68, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1016-0076-jpt.
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Lau, Hon Chung, Jacques van Vliet, Mike Ward, David Morin, Arifun Djamil, Paul Kuhnert, Walter Aldaz, and Steven Shanks. "Openhole Expandable-Sand-Screen Completions in Brunei." SPE Drilling & Completion 19, no. 01 (March 1, 2004): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/87896-pa.
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Bybee, Karen. "Stimulating Sand Screen Completions With Coiled Tubing." Journal of Petroleum Technology 54, no. 07 (July 1, 2002): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0702-0043-jpt.
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Wallace, Rhea. "Expandable Screen Provides Increased Sand Control, Production." Journal of Petroleum Technology 55, no. 04 (April 1, 2003): 28–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0403-0028-jpt.
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Numasawa, Masaaki, and Shinichi Mitsuda. "Sand control techniques (Screen-less sand control and Through-tubing gravel pack)." Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 70, no. 6 (2005): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.70.533.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Passive Acoustic Tools Aid Analysis of Sand-Screen Completion." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1022-0110-jpt.
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_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 209030, “Complete Analysis of a Complex Sand-Screen Completion in a Single Run in Hole is Enabled by Combination of Novel Passive Acoustic Tools With Conventional PLT and Caliper Techniques,” by Duncan Troup, SPE, Archer. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ Wells with sand-control measures may still exhibit the onset of sanding during production, often because of isolated damage to individual screen sections. Positive identification of sand-production location allows targeted mitigation while retaining as much hydrocarbon flow as possible. The complete paper discusses novel acoustic techniques used to identify productive zones and areas of sand production in a well with a sanding event. Digital Signal Processing Most modern tools will perform one or two fast Fourier transforms per second, but the tool design presented in the paper has a very fast sampling rate and completes 220 transforms per second. This allows the output frequency information to be further sampled in statistically meaningful ways to provide three additional noise parameters. The time-filtered noise level is the general, steady-state noise amplitude with outliers removed and generally is used for leak and flow detection. The mean noise level is composed of all data samples and is an indication of the total acoustic energy present. The third parameter, the transient noise level, is an indication of time variability of the received signal and is sensitive to short-lived transient acoustic signals. It is this parameter that is of the most interest in the detection of sand impact, because, by its nature, a sand strike is a transient event. The data generated can be displayed as a variable density log of frequency response against time or logging depth, with the amplitude of each frequency band represented by a color map, and a total noise energy curve may be derived over any frequency range desired. To test the suitability of the signal processing for viable sand discrimination, the background flow noise was increased every 2 minutes and sand particles were drizzled onto the sensor plate for 1 minute of each flow period. When no background flow noise existed, the sand-impact noise shows up well. When flow noise is introduced, the baseline of the noise energy curve is shifted higher but good contrast with the sand signal remains. A further test placed a tool inside a water-filled 5-in. liner section and a stream of water was directed against it (Fig. 1). The rate of water flow was controlled, and sand was introduced at known mass rates up to 1.17 gal/min. The results were plotted as noise energy against fluid velocity for each of the sand mass flow rates. Good correlation exists between the rates of both liquid and sand rates and total energy, and good correlation exists for liquid and sand flow rates. At low liquid flow rate, better discrimination between the rates of sand in the flow is observed, indicating that the full bandwidth transient parameter will provide better resolution when sand and fluid flow rates are low.
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Sheldon, Karan. "The archival sand pile: questions from the surviving films." Screen 61, no. 1 (2020): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/screen/hjaa010.
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Silva, Arthur P. da, Edilson Costa, Tiago L. do Espírito Santo, Luan E. da Silva, and Roberta F. Martins. "Coffee seedlings in different substrates and protected environments." Engenharia Agrícola 33, no. 4 (August 2013): 589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000400001.
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The production of high-quality seedlings is a critical factor for successful implementation of a determined crop in the field. In order to evaluate the production of coffee seedlings, experiments were conducted with different substrates and in different protected environments. Treatments consisted of evaluation of the following substrates: 50% cattle manure + 50% commercial substrate, 50% cattle manure + 50% vermiculite, 50% commercial substrate + 50% vermiculite, 1/3 cattle manure + 1/3 commercial substrate + 1/3 vermiculite, 50% cattle manure + 50% sand, 1/3 sand + 1/3 cattle manure + 1/3 commercial substrate and 50% commercial substrate + 50% sand. These substrates were tested in different protected environments: agricultural greenhouse, mesh screen with 50% shading, aluminized screen with 50% shading, black screen with 30% shading, black screen with 70% shading, nursery with a buriti straw roof and full sunlight. In each environment, the experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with five replicates of four plants each followed by joint analysis. The substrates containing 50% cattle manure associated with vermiculite or the commercial substrate may be indicated for production of coffee seedlings. Screened environments with 30, 50 and 70% shading resulted in the highest quality seedlings.
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Roostaei, Morteza, Mohammad Soroush, Farshad Mohammadtabar, Mohammad Mohammadtabar, Seyed Abolhassan Hosseini, Mahdi Mahmoudi, Mohtada Sadrzadeh, Ali Ghalambor, and Vahidoddin Fattahpour. "Design for Reliability: Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Cased and Perforated Completions with Standalone Screen." SPE Drilling & Completion 36, no. 03 (March 31, 2021): 680–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201315-pa.
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Summary The historical challenges and high failure rate of using standalone screen in cased and perforated wellbores pushed several operators to consider cased-hole gravel packing or frac packing as the preferred completion. Despite the reliability of these options, they are more expensive than a standalone screen completion. In this paper, we employ a combined physical laboratory testing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for laboratory scale and field scale to assess the potential use of the standalone screen in completing the cased and perforated wells. The aim is to design a fit-to-purpose sand control method in cased and perforated wells and provide guidelines in perforation strategy and investigate screen and perforation characteristics. More specifically, the simultaneous effect of screen and perforation parameters, near wellbore conditions on pressure distribution and pressure drop are investigated in detail. A common mistake in completion operation is to separately focus on the design of the screen based on the reservoir sand print and design of the perforation. If sand control is deemed to be required, the perforation strategy and design must go hand in hand with sand control design. Several experiments and simulation models were designed to better understand the effect of perforation density, the fill-up of the annular gap between the casing and screen, perforation collapse, and formation and perforation damage on pressure drop. The experiments consisted of a series of step-rate tests to investigate the role of fluid rate on pressure drop and sand production. There is a critical rate at which the sand filling up the annular gap will fluidize. Both test results and CFD simulation scenarios are comparatively capable to establish the relation between wellbore pressure drop and perforation parameters and determine the optimized design. The results of this study highlight the workflow to optimize the standalone screen design for the application in cased and perforated completions. The proper design of standalone screen and perforation parameters allows maintaining cost-effective well productivity. Results of this work could be used for choosing the proper sand control and perforation strategy.
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Kim, Seong-Hwan, Bo-Gyu Kim, Dong-Soo Jung, Seung-Bok Choi, Jong-Mu Lee, and Kyu-Bong Lee. "Vibration Diagnosis of Sand Units in a Stone Crusher Plant: An On-Site Field Test." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 4327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124327.
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Due to the shortage of natural sand from rivers and seas, artificial sand production from large stones or rocks is being increased. However, this sand manufacturing process is dangerous and causes several social problems such as a high level of unwanted vibrations or noises. This study investigates the vibration characteristics of sand and screen units in an artificial sand production plant whose operation is multiple with several actuators different exciting frequencies. As a first step, vibration levels are measured at the sand and screen unit positions using accelerometers in time and frequency domains. The measurement is carried out at two different conditions: activating only the sand unit and operating entire facilities such as a stone crusher. Vibration signals acquired from several locations of the sand and screen units of the plant are collected and analyzed from waveforms and spectrums of the signals. We identified that the vibration acceleration level of the screen unit is higher than that of the sand unit. In addition, it is found from the acceleration signals measured at the plant office and shipping control center (which are far away from the plant location) that the beating phenomenon arose due to close driving frequencies for several sand units. In this work, the vibration caused from the beating is significantly reduced by adjusting the driving frequencies for the sand units so that they are sufficiently scattered to avoid the beating.
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Alkhimenko, Alexey, Nikita Shaposhnikov, Boris Shemyakinsky, and Anton Tsvetkov. "Several erosion test results of means of sand control." E3S Web of Conferences 121 (2019): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912103005.
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When screens are used as the sole means of sand control, they function as a downhole filter. The entry of sand or other particles into horizontal and vertical wells presents the problem of steel erosion and productivity lost. Downhole is the most desirable location to restrict its access into the well. The problem of material reliability testing is relevant today, that’s why several erosion tests were made and studied. Self-made test bench allow varying velocity flow and fractions conditions (composition, quantity, size, hardness). Slurry erosion experiments resulted in wear of downhole sand control screens. The wear criteria were checked by weight loss of screen samples material and its integrity degradation. The idea of slurry erosion tests was to reveal screens wear.
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Wang, Zhi Jian, Tian Zhu Zhang, Jin Shang, and Metsakeu Kong Evariste. "Precision Compound Sand Control Screen Internal Flow Field of the CFD Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 4682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.4682.
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In this paper, calculating fluid dynamics (CFD) method is utilized for analyzing the precision compound sand control screen internal flow field so as to establish appropriate models. During this numerical calculation, by using the - turbulence model is used to simulate the resistance characteristics under different working conditions when crude oil flows through precision compound sand control screen, analyze its speed change rule, flow path and pressure distribution, etc. The use of porous media model to simulate the resistance of the oil screen effect, the oil screen is replaced by the porous jump surface to simulate the strainer of pressure drop. To screen sand control performance and reduce the flow resistance to provide theoretical support, make the reservoir production losses to a minimum.
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Kotb, Omar, Mohammad Haftani, and Alireza Nouri. "An Investigation into Current Sand Control Testing Practices for Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage Production Wells." Eng 2, no. 4 (October 8, 2021): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng2040027.
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Sand control screens (SCD) have been widely installed in wells producing bitumen from unconsolidated formations. The screens are typically designed using general rules-of-thumb. The sand retention testing (SRT) technique has gained attention from the industry for the custom design and performance assessment of SCD. However, the success of SRT experimentation highly depends on the accuracy of the experimental design and variables. This work examines the impact of the setup design, sample preparation, near-wellbore stress conditions, fluid flow rates, and brine chemistry on the testing results and, accordingly, screen design. The SRT experiments were carried out using the replicated samples from the McMurray Formation at Long Lake Field. The results were compared with the test results on the original reservoir samples presented in the literature. Subsequently, a parametric study was performed by changing one testing parameter at a test, gradually making the conditions more comparable to the actual wellbore conditions. The results indicate that the fluid flow rate is the most influential parameter on sand production, followed by the packing technique, stress magnitude, and brine salinity level. The paper presents a workflow for the sand control testing procedure for designing the SCD in the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) operations.
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Sobirin, Muhammad, and Akbar Adhi Utama. "Robust and Fit-for-Purpose Sand Control Technology to Produce Marginal Reserves in EKP." European Journal of Business and Management Research 8, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.1.1761.
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East Kalimantan Petroleum (EKP) is an oil and gas exploration and production company which operates in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Development of mature fields was aiming shallow unconsolidated sand-stone reservoirs which have high sand risk character. The proportion of shallow wells development compared to the main zone wells is tend to increase recently which has natural consequences of the increasing trend of sand-produced volume along with the hydrocarbon production. The sand grains abrasive physical property may cause consequences of a detrimental to the short-long-term productivity of oil and/or gas well. It can damage the hydrocarbon-contained surface facilities, and even causes a serious to catastrophic safety accident. The loss of containment leads might be followed by deadly disaster, such as fire and environment pollutions. The company currently produces these reservoirs type by applying the robust diesel-based chemical sand-consolidation (DB-SCON) technology for high stakes reservoirs and combined with the mechanical sand-screens application for the low stakes reservoirs. Along the field’s production period, the trend of a shallow unconsolidated reservoir’s average reserves is decreasing which lead to the declining trend of sand-control project economics. The company forms a project team under well intervention department to perform the research with the mission to find the new robust and fit-for-purpose sand-control technology application to produce the marginal reserves. The root causes analysis using current reality tree (CRT) reveals the three main factors of this economics declines trend: high chemical sand-consolidation investment cost, low-productivity and low-reliability of current mechanical sand-screen. The Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) defines the most robust and fit-for-purpose sand-control technology among the proposed alternatives: water-based chemical sand-consolidation (WB-SCON), high erosion resistance sand-screen (HERSS) and sand management (SM) technologies. As the result, the HERSS technology is chosen as the best solution among the alternatives. The field trials result compares HERSS performance to current robust DB-SCON. HERSS significantly reduces the investment cost by 68.0%, maintaining the reliability or success at 88.2% (DB-SCON recorded as 88.5%), maintaining the productivity at 2.5 MMscfd (gas production), accelerates the production two weeks earlier, and reduce the economic cut-off reserve limit from 0.1 down to 0.02 BCF. HERSS (made by zircon metal) technology is capable to significantly improve the performance of the mechanical sand-screen (Ceramic screen as current base-case). It increases the reliability from 64.7% to 88.5%, decrease the investment cost by 30.7%. The HERSS industrialization is planned in 2023 to replace current sand-control technology that potentially will generate significant economic improvement from the investment cost reduction with a total of $27.4 million.
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Bybee, Karen. "Sand-Control Screen Assembly Enables Multilobe Frac Packs." Journal of Petroleum Technology 54, no. 09 (September 1, 2002): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0902-0078-jpt.
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Dikshit, Ashutosh, Amrendra Kumar, Evgeny Anikanov, Pavel Petukhov, Aleksandar Rudic, Glenn Woiceshyn, Bala Gadiyar, Mehmet Parlar, and Camilo Jurgensen. "Sand Screen with Check-Valve Inflow Control Devices." SPE Drilling & Completion 35, no. 04 (December 1, 2020): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201206-pa.
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Navaira, Gilbert, Martin T. Hupp, Terrence T. Palisch, and Jason J. Renkes. "A Novel Technique for Determining Sand Screen Failure." SPE Drilling & Completion 24, no. 03 (September 1, 2009): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/112084-pa.
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Alghurabi, Ahmed, Mysara Mohyaldinn, Shiferaw Jufar, Obai Younis, Abdullah Abduljabbar, and Mohd Azuwan. "CFD numerical simulation of standalone sand screen erosion due to gas-sand flow." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 85 (January 2021): 103706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2020.103706.
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Ying, Ruomeng, Xuankang Zhao, Baocheng Shi, Lijuan Wu, Xingkai Zhang, Ziheng Jiang, and Xiaochi Guo. "Experimental study on erosion and wear law of metal screen under spraying condition." Journal of Mechanics 38 (2022): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jom/ufac004.
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ABSTRACT It is very important for the safe production of sand producing oil and gas wells to make clear the erosion law of sand control screen pipe. The experiment of erosion law of metal mesh under two working conditions of blockage and non-blockage was carried out with jet erosion experimental device. The influencing factor of solid mass fraction (0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.8%), aperture velocity (1.5 m/s, 4 m/s, and 6 m/s) and particle size (20 μm, 54 μm, and 74 μm) on the erosion rate of metal mesh was analyzed. The results show that the mass loss of screen increases with the increase of solid mass fraction, aperture velocity and particle size, and the change law of single and double screens is consistent; under the condition of incomplete blockage, the mass loss of screen increases exponentially with the flow rate; under the condition of complete blockage, the balance flow rate of screen decreases with the increase of pressure difference when the pressure difference between inlet and outlet of screen is kept constant. In addition, the mass loss increases with the increase of pressure difference; in addition, the scanning electron microscope results of the erosion screen show that the erosion wear of the screen under the non-blocking condition is much less than that under the blocking condition, which is because the gap between the weft wires of the screen is blocked by particles, resulting in the rapid increase of the local aperture velocity of the screen, thus accelerating the local erosion wear of the screen.
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Faflei, O. Ya, R. O. Deynega, V. V. Mykhailiuk, A. V. Semenchuk, and B. I. Zvir. "Evaluation of well screen efficiency using Simulation." Prospecting and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, no. 2(75) (August 31, 2020): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9973-2020-2(75)-24-31.
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The process of the oil field operation at the late stage is characterized by a significant content of mechanical impurities in the extracted raw materials and a high rate of water encroachment. Water encroachment plays a sig-nificant role in the processes of formation sand carry-over and the destruction of incompetent rocks of productive horizons in deposits. Today, to intensify the drainage of formation fluid from production wells, it is necessary to increase the depth of descent and to use more productive pumps. However, this leads to the growth of the draw down pressure and, as a rule, to more intensive sloughing of mechanical impurities out of the reservoir. First of all, the sand taken out of the formation is a highly abrasive agent, which causes the wear not only of the pump elements, but also of the tubings, valves, throttles, etc. Predicting the impact of mechanical impurities on the ele-ments of the pumping equipment for oil production is a complex task that requires consideration of many different factors. The sand which is carried out of wells is accumulated in the pipelines. Besides, it is accumulated in meas-uring units, separators, valves and other parts of group metering and pumping units. Process tanks and reservoirs at oil or condensate treatment plants are clogged with sand. To combat sloughing of sand, in most cases the meth-od of filtration is used. This method is not the most effective, but it is reliable, low cost, and environmentally friendly. Several constructions of downhole filters are analyzed. To evaluate the efficiency of the downhole filter, its research is carried out using simulation modeling. The dependence of the number of sloughed particles on their diameter is established in accordance with the hydrodynamic processes and characteristics of the working envi-ronment.
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Nakamya, J., J. B. Tumuhairwe, E. N. Sabiiti, J. Nakanwagi, D. Beesigamukama, S. Aryampa, S. Aryampa, J. Nakanwagi, J. Nakamya, and D. Beesigamukama. "Soil Textural Inactivation of Residual Faecal Indicator Organisms in Bio Slurry Used for Carrot Production." Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Technology 7, no. 3 (July 25, 2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36630/jasft_20017.
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A screen house pot study using bio-slurry at the rate of 7.8 t N / ha was conducted at Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute (MAURIK) Kabanyolo, Uganda. This was monitored using fecal indicator organisms (coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococci) in loamy sand, sandy loam and sandy clay loam texture obtained at the study site within 5litres pots under a Complete Randomized Design under a screenhouse. The different textures significantly (p<0.05) reduced the fecal indicator organisms. Conditions within the loamy sand texture reduced the pathogenic microorganisms within 90 days due to its high sand content. In this soil texture, E. coli and enterococci were reduced to undetectable levels within 90 days unlike the coliforms. Fecal, Bio slurry, coliforms, Escherichia. coli, Enterococci
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Saisinchai, Somsak. "Glass Sand Processing Techniques in the Rayong Area, Thailand." Advanced Materials Research 858 (November 2013): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.858.254.
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This article discusses the beneficiation of glass sand at Rayong province in the eastern part of Thailand . The process consists of revolving screen, hydrocyclone, attrition scrubber, tank classifier, spiral concentrator, wet high intensity magnetic separator and closed loop water recycling system. There are 13 glass sand processing plants in this area with the overall capacity 2 million tons per year and supply glass sand to float glass and flat glass industry, glassware industry, glass packaging industry, ceramic industry and chemical industry in Thailand. Keywords: Glass sand, Revolving screen, Hydrocyclon, Attrition scrubber, Tank classifier, Spiral concentrator, Wet high intensity magnetic separator, Closed loop water recycling system.
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Salnikov, S., and G. Karandaev. "ABOUT REDUCING ENERGY CONSUMPTION DURING THE SANDS CONCENTRATION PROCESS." Bulletin of South Ural State University series "Construction Engineering and Architecture" 16, no. 3 (2016): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/build160306.
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The article analyzes the results of the production study of the effect of sand-size segregation in the conical screen underflow pipeline. These results lead to the identifying of the main requirements to the construction of tapering chute. The work gives the results of the laboratory study of the tapering chute model. The results prove the possibility of sand benefication without using additional energy. The schematic diagram of sands enrichment technology in tapering chutes in the gravity hydrotransport process with the expected quality indicators is offered.
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Mohd Ismail, Ismarullizam, and Martin W. Geddes. "Fifteen Years of Expandable-Sand-Screen Performance and Reliability." SPE Drilling & Completion 29, no. 02 (June 1, 2014): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/166425-pa.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Flow Segmentizers Reduce Erosion of Standalone-Sand-Screen Completion." Journal of Petroleum Technology 66, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1014-0200-jpt.
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Mondal, Somnath, Mukul M. Sharma, Rajesh A. Chanpura, Mehmet Parlar, and Joseph A. Ayoub. "Numerical Simulations of Sand-Screen Performance in Standalone Applications." SPE Drilling & Completion 26, no. 04 (December 1, 2011): 472–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/134326-pa.
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Tananykhin, Dmitry, Maxim Grigorev, Maxim Korolev, Timur Solovyev, Nikolay Mikhailov, and Mark Nesterov. "Experimental Evaluation of the Multiphase Flow Effect on Sand Production Process: Prepack Sand Retention Testing Results." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 25, 2022): 4657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134657.
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This paper considers a field with high-viscosity oil in a terrigenous weakly consolidated reservoir (sandstone) with a massive gas cap and an aquifer. The major challenge in the field operation is the migration of solid sand particles into the well, accompanied by a breakthrough of water and/or gas. The goal of the investigation was to evaluate the degree of influence on the sanding process of water and gas shares in the produced fluid and to determine the effect of pressure drop. The research methodology is based on a series of filtration experiments on small-sized bulk reservoir models. Particle size distribution of bulk models was created in accordance with that of the reservoir. The experiments were made in the form of Prepack Sand Retention Tests (SRT). Gas breakthrough allows sand production on a relatively high level for a longer amount of time, even though the concentration of solids in the produced fluid is lower than that of water breakthrough. On the other hand, water breakthrough triggers higher sand production, but it rapidly decreases as time goes on. Retained permeability of the model-screen system from the drawdown pressure (pressure gradient) and phase distribution of the flow were investigated. Moreover, a methodology has been developed for conducting filtration tests on bulk reservoir models to evaluate the efficiency of different screens (wire-wrapped screens, in particular).
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Sizikov, V. S., and S. A. Sizikov. "Interaction of vibroimpact lattice and screen sieve in anti-phase oscillation mode." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 19, no. 5 (November 10, 2022): 624–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2022-19-5-624-636.
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Introduction. One of basic technological operations in construction technology is a process of classification of fine grained mineral materials, for example, natural sand. The related actual problem is connected with increasing performance and effectiveness of screening of sand medium, in particular reducing the contamination of screening surface of vibrating screens from seal particles and sticking in sieve holes wedge-shaped grains. The solution of this problem concludes in performing by the use of vibroimpact screens of various operating principle. One of innovative vibroimpact screen constructions is a screen with vibroimpact lattice, mounted under sieve with a gap on spring elements, which provides an impulse impact on all sieve surface area. Such construction provides increasing the effectiveness of sieve cleaning due to the transfer to sieve impact impulse in each screen oscillation period and reducing its excessive damage and abrasion by increasing the area of vibroimpact lattice and sieve interaction. The purpose of the work is to determinate functional relationships of dynamical interaction between elements of three-mass vibroimpact ‘screen body – vibroimpact lattice – sieve’ system for providing the necessary value of impact impulse transferred to sieve in relation to screen body oscillation frequency and amount of gap between lattice and sieve.Materials and methods. The research is based on a method of mathematical modelling. On the first stage the research is being conducted with using two-mass ‘screen body – vibroimpact lattice’ model without consideration the impact between lattice and sieve for determination the oscillation frequency range of in-phase oscillation regime and gap values providing an impact between lattice and sieve. For the calculation of displacement of screen elements and for research the relationships of its parameters in selected range the three-mass model of vibroimpact model of screen with one impact pair is used on a second stage of research.Results. As a result of calculation obtained the functional relationships of correlation of the gap between vibroimpact lattice and screen sieve and oscillation frequency on the impact impulse transferred to sieve and sieve double amplitude were obtained. The developed recommendations for practical using of obtained relationships for adjustment operating regimes of vibroimpact screen which allow to establish the screen operating oscillation frequency and value of gap between lattice and sieve for providing high effectiveness of sieve holes cleaning from contaminating particles.Discussion and Conclusions. Performed mathematical modelling allowed to obtain dependencies of influence of gap between sieve and vibroimpact lattice and screen elements oscillation frequency on impulse transferred on screen sieve and sieve double amplitude. Developed practical recommendations of obtained dependencies allow to perform an effective adjustment of vibroimpact screen operating regimes and reduce the labor intensity of works being performed during its starting-up and maintenance.
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Deng, Fucheng, Biao Yin, Yunchen Xiao, Gang Li, and Chuanliang Yan. "Research on Erosion Wear of Slotted Screen Based on High Production Gas Field." Processes 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2022): 1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081640.
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Erosion wear is a common failure form of slotted screen in service. In this paper, based on CFD software and sand production data of a gas field in the Tarim Basin, the particle velocity and shear force at the slot of the flow field in the sieve tube were studied to determine the maximum area of erosion; at the same time, the velocity, viscosity, particle size and concentration of sand-carrying fluid were analyzed by orthogonal test, and the regression model of multi-factor maximum erosion rate was established. ① Through the analysis of the four factors on the degree of dependent variables, the order of the primary and secondary factors are: sand-carrying liquid flow rate, particle concentration, fluid viscosity, particle diameter, the effect of fluid viscosity and particle diameter on erosion rate is relatively small; ② According to the analysis of variance and range, the combination scheme of minimum erosion generation is obtained, and the calculation model of the erosion rate of the slotted screen is established. In order to reduce the erosion and abrasion in the actual oil and gas production process, the reasonable flow control and precise sand control method design and precision selection can be adopted; it provides a design basis for sand control and long-term effects of production in high-yield gas field.
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Bakulin, Andrey, Alexander Sidorov, Boris Kashtan, and Mikko Jaaskelainen. "Real-time completion monitoring with acoustic waves." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 1 (January 2008): E15—E33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2818117.
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Deepwater production is challenged by well underperformance issues that are hard to diagnose early on and expensive to deal with later. Problems are amplified by reliance on a few complex wells with sophisticated sand-control media. New downhole data are required for better understanding and prevention of production impairment. We introduce real-time completion monitoring (RTCM), a new nonintrusive surveillance method that uses acoustic signals sent via the fluid column to identify permeability impairment in sand-screened completions. The signals are carried by tube waves that move borehole fluid back and forth radially across the completion layers. Such tube waves are capable of instant testing of the presence or absence of fluid communication across the completion and are sensitive to changes occurring in sand screens, gravel sand, perforations, and possibly in the reservoir. The part of the completion that has different impairment from its neighbors will carry tube waves with modified signatures (velocity, attenuation) and will produce a reflection from the boundary where impairment changes. We conduct a laboratory experiment with a model of a completed horizontal borehole and focus on effects of sand-screen permeability on transmitted and reflected acoustic signatures. These new findings form the basis of an RTCM method that can be thought of as “miniaturized” 4D seismic and as a “permanent log” in an individual wellbore. We present experiments with a fiber-optic acoustic system that suggest a nonintrusive way to install downhole sensors on the pipe in realistic completions and thus implement real-time surveillance with RTCM.
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Liu, Xiao Liu. "Design and Technology of All-Welded Longitudinal Seam Sand Control Liner." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 957–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.957.
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The new longitudinal seam pipe-type screen is designed, in order to avoid wire disorder and damage of wire wrapped the screen passes the bending zone in the heavy in dined well or horizorital well. The new longitudinal seam pipe-type screen cut outboard is narrow and the other is wide, so it is hard to be built up . It can clean by itself. it has high efficiency of sand control，equality gap，big circulation area，better corrosion resistance and longer service life. The application of slotted liner’s area of oil pass is bigger than the same specification’s application of slotted liner by four to seven times. The application of slotted liner holds true to extract oil in the horizontal and high-angle well which is the grains of sand’s diameter is bigger than the 0.15 to 0.3mm.The design of construction is up to the mustard construction under the well. It is safer and more reliable in the well completion.
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Kanesan, Dinesh, Mysara Eissa Mohyaldinn, Noor Ilyana Ismail, Davannendran Chandran, and Chang Jia Liang. "An experimental study on the erosion of stainless steel wire mesh sand screen using sand blasting technique." Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 65 (May 2019): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2019.03.017.
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Bybee, Karen. "The Role of the Annular Gap in Expandable-Sand-Screen Completions." Journal of Petroleum Technology 56, no. 05 (May 1, 2004): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0504-0044-jpt.
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Bocard, Christian, Jean-Jacques Quinquis, and Christian Such. "A MOBILE PLANT PROTOTYPE FOR THE RESTORATION OF POLLUTED BEACHES BY WASHING OILY SAND." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1987, no. 1 (April 1, 1987): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-61.
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ABSTRACT A research program was undertaken in 1980 with the support of the European Economic Community and the French Ministry of the Environment to develop a technique for treating beaches polluted by an oil spill, after the bulk of the oil has been removed from the surface of the sand by mechanical equipment. Final cleanup is often necessary, especially in the case of recreational beaches, when the oil remaining in the upper layer of sand—frequently in the range of 2 to 3 percent—in unacceptable. There is some controversy regarding the use of dispersants for this purpose. The basic principle of the technique is to wash oil-contaminated sand in transportable equipment which is operated either close to the polluted beach or at a centralized location, the washed sand then being returned to the beach or used for other purposes. The selected equipment and three different cleaning agents were tested in pilot trials carried out on sand polluted with heavy fuel oil. A plant prototype was set up and tested in 1985. It is composed mainly of a horizontally rotating wash drum associated with a screen, a hydrocyclone to separate the sand from the wash-water phase and a vibrating screen for sand dewatering. These three pieces of equipment are mounted on the bed of a semi-trailer along with two transfer pumps. Oil and sand fines are separated from the water, before recycling, in several ground tanks in which a flocculating agent may be added. The operating parameters of the process are discussed on the basis of trials carried out at a throughput of 18 metric tons of sand per hour, giving a washed sand with an average oil content of 0.2 percent in the case of moderate weathering.
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Long, Hua. "Study on Gravel Pack Completion Sand Control Technology in Horizontal Well." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 1561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1561.
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Screen completion is usually adopted in horizontal wells of heavy oil sandstone reservoir, however, frequent pump inspection even long term shut-off caused by thin sand production of some wells bring serious impact on production. For this reason, the gravel pack completion sand control technology in horizontal well is created on the problem of thin sand prevention and control in horizontal well through study on influence factors and treatment of gravel pack in horizontal well, stimulating test of sand packing process and study on gravel pack string in horizontal well. The technical problem of thin sand prevention and control in horizontal well has been solved with the successful application of the technology in field tests.
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Subari, Bagus D. Erlangga, Eneng Maryani, and Danang Nor Arifin. "Potential utilization of quartz sand and kaolin from tin mine tailings for whitewares." Mining of Mineral Deposits 15, no. 3 (September 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining15.03.001.
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Purpose. To do experimental research into the potential utilization of residual quartz-based sands and kaolin from the tin mine tailings in Bangka Belitung Province, Indonesia. Methods. Process of raw materials beneficiation by washing, vibration on the screen, magnetic separation. Manufacturing whiteware from beneficiated quartz sand, beneficiated kaolin, ball clay and feldspar. The whiteware properties were analyzed in terms of shrinkage, water absorption, flexural strength, and whiteness index. Findings. The amount of iron oxide in the quartz sand and the kaolin was reduced by beneficiation process from 1.12% and 1.06 to 0.51% and 0.5%, respectively. The whiteware specimens showed the required physical and mechanical properties. Thus, these raw materials can principally be utilized for the manufacture of whiteware ceramic items with whiteness index up to 68.3. Originality. Quartz sand and kaolin extracted from tin mine tailings were used after beneficiation of raw materials for whiteware manufacture. Practical implications. This research can provide practical solution to the problem related to mine tailings rich in quartz and kaolin which can be utilized for manufacturing whiteware. Keywords: tin mine tailings, quartz sand, kaolin, magnetic separation, whiteware ceramics
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Carpenter, Chris. "Integrated Completion Design Method Predicts Sand Production." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1022-0106-jpt.
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_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 205935, “From Wellbore Breakout to Sand-Production Prediction: An Integrated Sand-Control Completion Design Methodology and Case Study,” by Caleb DeValve, Gilbert Kao, SPE, and Stephen Morgan, ExxonMobil, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ This paper presents a physics-based approach to predicting sand production on a well-by-well basis to inform overall sand-management design. The work flow integrates geomechanical estimates of wellbore breakout and volume of failed sand downhole, log-based prediction of the sand-particle-size variation along the well path, modeling of sand filtration based on experimental and analytical methods for specific completion options, and a natural sandpack-permeability prediction for standalone screen (SAS) completions and associated well-performance analysis. Method The general challenge addressed in this paper is how to predict the produced sand mass rate from any given well with a specific sand-control completion installed. A novel four-step method has been created to predict sand production from wells drilled in hydrocarbon-bearing sandstone formations with installed sand-control equipment and its associated effect on well productivity (Fig. 1). This process improves the traditional sand-control completion design process, which relies on limited formation data obtained through coring programs and classified according to particle-size distribution (PSD) characteristics (D10, fines content, and uniformity coefficient). PSD is critical data for traditional sand-control analysis, and multiple cores are used to represent the varying rock characteristics expected throughout a reservoir. The selection of sand control and the ultimate completion design using existing work flows will be based on the range of PSDs measured from the core study, along with their predicted distribution along the drilled well paths based on practitioner experience. The novel work flow presented in this paper enhances the traditional approach by integrating geomechanical failed sand volume (FSV) predictions with sand-screen-filtration performance expectations, which are analyzed along the wellbore to improve overall completion selection. These results can be integrated with traditional well-performance simulation to understand completion performance and influence well startup.
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Miller, Barry B. "Screen-washing unconsolidated sediments for small macrofossils." Paleontological Society Special Publications 4 (1989): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200005220.
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Screen-washing bulk samples of fossilliferous matrix is the method of choice for concentrating relatively large numbers of small fossils from unconsolidated sediments. The technique is most effective when used to disaggregate dry and unconsolidated sand, silt, and silty clay. Ideally, when the dry fossil-bearing particles will pass through an appropriate size screen-mesh, leaving behind a residue of fossils and coarser grain sizes. Organic-rich sediments, overconsolidated silt, silty clay, maris and clays may require soaking in dilute chemical solutions to encourage disaggregation. The extraction of fossils from these more intractable sediments, therefore, generally will be limited to the processing of quantitatively small samples (several hundred grams), in the laboratory.
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Abbasy, Imran. "Technology Focus: Sand Management (October 2022)." Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1022-0100-jpt.
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A step change is noticeable in the quality of papers from the previous 2 years. First, the papers have better technical content; second, they are pushing the boundaries of currently accepted technologies and mores. Perhaps this is because of a desire to produce from ever-more-difficult and -challenging wells. The current energy crisis and higher prices as a result have encouraged the application of new technology, which, in a low-energy-price environment, generally takes a back seat. This is a good thing for the technology junkies of this world. A few technology areas are worth mentioning. Although ceramic sand screens have been around for a few years, this year there were more than the usual number of papers on this technology. For those interested in probing the operating limits and life span of these screens, paper OTC 31896 is worth reading. Sand consolidation continues to be a subject of interest, perhaps because of its noninvasive nature. Besides, it is potentially low-cost and has been used widely with success. This year, there were 10 papers on the subject. An interesting paper worthy of mention is SPE 208808, which introduces a novel temperature-activated, “green” consolidation fluid. In paper SPE 207193, the authors propose a fast and accurate machine-learning algorithm to predict the onset of sanding in sandstone formations. The algorithm uses 11 geological and reservoir parameters that directly affect sand production. The answer is binary (i.e., sand production will or will not occur). This could be a great tool for completion engineers. Finally, there was extensive coverage of sand management in the topsides, an area often overlooked. This trend is encouraging. Paper OTC 31554 is thought-provoking. It discusses the first field installation of a patented device that modifies the flow profile to alleviate the impact of solids at critical points. I hope you enjoy the papers. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. OTC 31872 Improving Erosion Wear Life of Completion Equipment in High-Flow-Rate Conditions by Numerical Design Optimization for Influx Equalization by Gocha G. Chochua, Schlumberger, et al. SPE 208839 Completion Standardization Using Conformable Sand-Screen Technology in Multilayered Ultrafine Sand Reservoir by Ricardo Gomez Simancas, Cabinda Gulf Oil, et al. SPE 208845 A Comprehensive Review of Sand-Retention Test Methods and Data Analysis With a Focus on Application by Tanner Linden, Constien and Associates, et al.