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Academic literature on the topic 'Sand Petrography'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sand Petrography"

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Ownby, Mary F., James M. Heidke, and Henry D. Wallace. "New Insights into Hohokam Buff Ware Production and Distribution." American Antiquity 80, no. 2 (April 2015): 387–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.80.2.387.

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Hohokam buff ware pottery produced in Arizona has been much studied over the last few decades. However, petrographic analysis has been less frequently applied, due in part to mistaken assumptions regarding the raw materials utilized. The current study reexamined the use of petrography for locating the provenance of buff ware pottery from two sites, La Villa in the Phoenix area and Honey Bee Village in the Tucson area. The petrographic results suggest that production occurred in one primary area along the middle Gila River with minor production in a few other locations. The potters in this area supplied both the Tucson and Phoenix basins. Significantly, it was determined that, after the Early Gila Butte phase, potters switched from crushed schist to sand with natural schist. Such a phenomenon is likely related to increased demand developing from a rapidly evolving sociopolitical system and buff ware pottery becoming a socially valued commodity. This study indicates that petrographic analysis focused on relating sand to known sand composition zones, called petrofacies, can be a key tool for identifying production sources for Hohokam buff ware.
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Guo, Yan Hua, Rui Jun Cao, and Li Hua Zhu. "Research on Similar Material in Physical Specimen Petrography of Rock." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.346.

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The similar material composed of quartz sand, gypsum, colophony and alcohol solution, model test and similarity theory were depended on in the test, and standard cylinder specimens were made in different proportions. The physical and mechanical properties of blocks were studied through uniaxial compressive experiments. The researches show that the ratio of elastic modulus and down modulus of the specimens increase linearly with the increase of the ratio of sand and cement; while the elastic modulus, the down modulus and the uniaxial compressive strength decrease in shah model of index function with the increase of it. All parameters mentioned above reduce rapidly with the increase of the ratio of sand and cement when the ratio of sand and cement less than 4, if not, the parameters increase slowly.
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Gravesen, Peter. "Petrography of the quartz sand deposits of the Lower Cretaceous of Bornholm, Denmark." Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse Serie A 10 (June 1, 1986): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/seriea.v10.7029.

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The quartz sand of the Lower Cretaceous Robbedale Formation and lowermost part of the Jydegard Formation in the Arnager-Sose fault block of Bornholm has been investigated with respect to mineralogy, grain-size, grain rounding and grain shape. Analyses of both light and heavy minerals have been carried out for 18 samples from different localities and facies. The purpose of the investigation was to try to recognize the possible types of source rocks and provenance areas. The Precambrian basement rocks of Bornholm are not the main sources of the sand, especially not the heavy minerals, but parts of the sand may have originated from the basement. The Palaeozoic sandstones and siltstones have delivered only a small amount of material. Parts of the older Mesozoic sediments of the Bornholm Group and Homandshald Member may have been redeposited in the Lower Cretaceous as they contain the same kinds of heavy minerals as the Robbedale and Jydegard Formations, although in differing amounts. It seems very possible, however, that most of the Mesozoic sediments of Bornholm have had a source area outside Bornholm, and this source area has been nearly the same during the whole span of time. The Fenno-Scandian Shield seems to be the most obvious provenance area, but eastern and southern areas are possibilities too. It is concluded that most of the Lower Cretaceous sands are first deposition cycle sediments of both local and distant origin combined with minor amounts of polycyclic sediments of mainly local origin.
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Chmil, L. V. "THE RESULTS AND PERSPECTIVES OF STUDYING CERAMIC WARE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE DNIEPER REGION IN THE 16th — 18th CENTURIES." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 29, no. 4 (December 22, 2018): 323–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.04.19.

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The paper focuses on studying ceramic ware production technology in the 16th—18th centuries. The main perspective methods for each production stage, such as chemical, petrographic and trajectory have been considered, as well as archaeological, sphragistic and ethnographic sources have been analysed. The ware was made of kaolin clay with the addition of sand. Glaze consisted of lead, sand and metallic oxide for color. Clay with the addition of metallic oxide, such as iron, copper etc. was colorant for painting. The ware was formed with foot potter fast wheel by drawing from a piece of clay. Decor represented relief or painting without or with glaze. The glaze was colored or colorless. The ware was roasted in bicameral kilns with vertical movement of hot gases in oxidizing or reductive medium. Perspective directions of the further study of pottery production technology can be physical and chemical methods, petrography and experiment to verify results of the research.
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Broekmans, Maarten A. T. M., Isabel Fernandes, Ola Fredin, and Annina Margreth. "Polarization-fluorescence Microscopy in the Study of Aggregates and Concrete." Elements 18, no. 5 (October 1, 2022): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.18.5.321.

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Concrete structures may develop deleterious damage, which significantly reduces service life, structural integrity, and safety, posing serious issues in large or otherwise critical infrastructure. Routine petrographic assessments, including microstructure, texture, and fabric, of concrete and its (gravel and sand) aggregate and binder constituents in thin section using polarization-fluorescence microscopy (PFM) enables the unequivocal identification of features that would otherwise remain hidden in conventional petrography. Rigorous preparation procedures preserve original microstructural details, make preparation artefacts recognizable, and ensure that the fluorescent emission can be quantified. This contribution outlines the preparation of fluorescence-impregnated thin sections and elaborates on the application of PFM to damaged concrete, with further examples from selected rock types commonly used for concrete aggregate.
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Le Pera, Emilia, Consuele Morrone, José Arribas, M. Eugenia Arribas, Eumenio Ancochea, and M. José Huertas. "Petrography and provenance of beach sands from volcanic oceanic islands: Cabo Verde, Atlantic Ocean." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 92–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.096.

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ABSTRACT Volcaniclastic deposits have been extensively analyzed in several settings in the Pacific and circum-Pacific area. Recent volcaniclastic products from Atlantic oceanic islands offer another opportunity to add new data and be an important key to a better understanding of volcanic imprints on the sedimentary record. The Cabo Verde archipelago is an Atlantic Oceanic plateau with late Oligocene to Holocene volcanism. Outcrops consist mainly of mafic and strongly alkaline and ultra-alkaline volcanic (pyroclastic and lava flows) and less abundant intrusive rocks with minor carbonatites and carbonate sedimentary rocks, constituting a multiple-provenance assemblage for the sandy beaches surrounding the islands. Currently, climate is semiarid to hyperarid with ephemeral and intermittent streams. Thirty-six samples of beach sand from six principal Cabo Verde Islands were selected for petrographic inspection. On average, beach sands constitute a volcanolithic petrofacies. A relative increase in carbonate limeclasts and bioclasts dilutes the pure volcaniclastic contribution mainly on the older island beaches (Sao Vicente, Sal, and Boa Vista). The major components of Cabo Verde beach sands are highly variable; in general, composition is a function of island morphological evolution and age. Thus, beaches of the younger islands (Sao Nicolau, Santiago, and Fogo) consist mainly of volcanic lithic fragments, and monomineralic grains of dense minerals such as olivine, pyroxene, and amphibole, and single grains of plagioclase and anorthoclase. By contrast, beaches of older eastern islands (Sal, Boa Vista, and Sao Vicente) contain more calcareous bioclasts, micritic and/or sparitic sedimentary lithic grains. The presence of carbonate grains suggests provenance from shallow carbonate platforms developed during periods of volcanic quiescence. Cabo Verde volcanic sandy fractions are composed mostly of black, brown, and orange glassy volcanic particles exhibiting microlitic, lathwork, and vitric textures. Volcanic particles with lathwork textures are linked to mafic provenance assemblages (nephelinites, basanites, and tephrites). The content of glassy particles is nearly constant in all beaches, and both hydroclastic and epiclastic processes are reflected in these populations of glassy grains. Boa Vista, Sao Vicente, and Santiago beaches contain higher proportions of sideromelane, linked to recent coastal volcanism, and lower proportions of orange and black glassy particles. The concentration of orange glass particles in the beaches of Santiago Island is higher than in the other island beaches. These orange glassy textures have been preserved even if they were sourced from the intensely altered Ancient Eruptive Complex, representing the pre-Miocene seamount stage of Santiago Island. A very small percentage of altered labile monocrystalline grains such as olivine and the paucity of altered volcanic components reflect the weathering-limited erosion regime of the islands. The exposed phonolitic lava flows that occupy only a minor surface part of the inland source produce particles with microlitic texture in sand beaches. Thus, this texture is not exclusive to andesitic, basaltic, and basaltic andesites sources, suggesting the need for a review of these particles as source-sensitive provenance signals.
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Lupin, Janifar H., and Gary J. Hampson. "Sediment-routing controls on sandstone bulk petrographic composition and texture across an ancient shelf: Example from Cretaceous Western Interior Basin, Utah and Colorado, U.S.A." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1389–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.044.

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ABSTRACT Sediment-routing controls on sandstone texture and bulk petrography have been evaluated in linked alluvial–coastal–shelfal deposits of the Upper Cretaceous Castlegate Sandstone, Blackhawk Formation, Star Point Sandstone, and Mancos Shale (Western Interior Basin, Utah and Colorado, USA) using thin-section analysis of representative outcrop samples in the context of a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic and paleogeographic framework. The studied strata record deposition from two styles of sediment-routing system within an overfilled foredeep and contiguous intra-continental seaway. First, multiple transverse drainages supplied sand to fluvial, shoreline, and shelf segments of sediment-routing systems characterized by down-dip transport distances of 150–450 km and significant strike-oriented sediment transport along the shoreline. Second, the distal shoreline–shelf segment of an axially supplied sediment-routing system was characterized by sand transport for a distance of c. 300 km. Bulk petrographic composition indicates that transverse sediment-routing systems were sourced from catchments that supplied quartz-rich sand with a subordinate lithic component, while the large axial sediment-routing system was sourced from a catchment(s) supplying slightly more feldspathic sand. Thin-section measurements of mean grain size, sorting, skewness, and ratio of minimum-to-maximum diameter (a proxy for sphericity) are similar for sandstones deposited in fluvial, shoreline, and shelf segments of the transverse sediment-routing systems and in the shoreline–shelf segment of the axial sediment-routing systems, although hydrodynamic sorting is important in locally segregating grain-size populations within each segment. Further, textural analysis of detrital quartz, feldspar, and lithic sand-grain populations shows little evidence of relative change in mean grain size or apparent grain sphericity with downsystem distance, implying that sand-grain populations of different petrographic composition did not undergo significant differential mechanical breakdown during transport. Instead, the textural characteristics of these sand-grain populations are inferred to have been controlled mainly by bedrock lithology and recycling in source catchments. The textural signal of sediment-source areas then propagated downsystem in the sand fraction of detrital sediment supply. This inference is supported by the fine- to medium-grained, well- to very well-sorted character of all sandstone samples, consistent with recycling of sandstones and quartzites from the Sevier fold-and-thrust belt.
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De Rosa, R., G. G. Zuffa, A. Taira, and J. K. Leggett. "Petrography of trench sands from the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan: implications for long-distance turbidite transportation." Geological Magazine 123, no. 5 (September 1986): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800035068.

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AbstractTwenty-three samples of Quaternary sands from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Leg 87 Sites 582 (trench axis) and 583 (lowermost terrace of uplifted trench sediments in the accretionary prism) off Shikoku show a 70–80% volcanic component in the terrigenous grain population. This component comprises 30–40% neovolcanic grains, among which basic and intermediate types are present in roughly equal proportions, and 60–70% palaeovolcanic grains, which are predominantly of acidic composition. No volcanic terrane occurs, in the hinterland of the Shikoku portion of the Nankai Trough, and the first such rocks to the east (up the very slight depositional slope of the Nankai Trough axis) are not encountered for more than 500 km. These, occupying the Izu Peninsula and the majority of the Tokai drainage basin to the north, are Neogene and Recent volcanics which are of comparable variability to the volcanic grains in the sands off Shikoku.The minor component of sedimentary, metamorphic and plutonic grains in the Leg 87 sand samples can be matched with the basinal clastic ophiolitic Shimanto and Chichibu terranes and the high-pressure metamorphic Sambagawa terrane which border the Nankai Trough fore-arc along southwest Japan. This detritus also most likely derives from the Tokai drainage basin, where the easternmost outcrops of the above-mentioned terranes occur, because most sediments deriving from Shikoku and the Kii regions are ponded in terraced fore-arc basins or in basins on the lower slope. Only three major submarine canyons debouch into the floor of the Nankai Trough. The easternmost of these, the Suruga Trough, taps the volcanic Izu/Tokai hinterland, and is therefore the conduit for most sand fed to the trench off Shikoku.
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Stoltman, James B. "A Quantitative Approach to the Petrographic Analysis of Ceramic Thin Sections." American Antiquity 54, no. 1 (January 1989): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281336.

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This paper introduces a new technique for the quantitative analysis of ceramic thin sections through petrography. The technique is a version of point counting that estimates with considerable precision the amounts of human additives (temper) and natural inclusions (silt and sand) in ceramic pastes. In concert with traditional qualitative identification of mineral inclusions, this technique expands the capacity of petrography to shed meaningful light on such topics in ceramic analysis as technology, production, trade, and classification. To demonstrate the utility of the technique it is used to reassess the taxonomic status of the type Spring Hollow Incised. The results conclusively show that Spring Hollow Incised is much more closely related to a newly defined Early Woodland ceramic assemblage in the Upper Mississippi Valley region than to the Middle Woodland Linn ware to which it originally was assigned.
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Reedy, Chandra L., Jenifer Anderson, Terry J. Reedy, and Yimeng Liu. "Image Analysis in Quantitative Particle Studies of Archaeological Ceramic Thin Sections." Advances in Archaeological Practice 2, no. 4 (November 2014): 252–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/2326-3768.2.4.252.

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AbstractThin-section petrography is a crucial tool for the study of archaeological ceramics, and in recent years, image analysis has emerged as a powerful quantitative enhancement of that tool. Exploratory applications of image analysis to archaeological ceramic thin sections, and related work by sedimentary geologists, have indicated its usefulness to the field. In this paper, we first present the results of experimental work testing the consistency and reproducibility of image analysis. We identify procedures for fast and reliable analysis of thin sections using laboratory-prepared ceramic specimens of simple clay-sand systems. We then show how those procedures can be slightly modified to accommodate more complex archaeological specimens. We conclude with a discussion of the role of image analysis within the overall context of thin-section petrography of ceramic materials, as one among a repertoire of techniques, adding quantitative data and increasing the usefulness of ceramic thin sections for addressing archaeological research questions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sand Petrography"

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Rothschild, Alison. "Ground ice petrography, Sand Hills Moraine, southern Banks Island, N.W.T." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5504.

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Skopec, Robert A. "Geomechanical evaluation of a poorly consolidated sandstone with applications to horizontal drilling, borehole stability, reservoir compaction, and sand control." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274852.

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Decreasing strength with increasing effective compressive strength, referred to as "cap" behavior is often attributed to pore collapse and a reduction in pore throat apertures during early drawdown. Over-consolidation with only a slight increase in effective stress creates secondary fine particles that leads to formation damage and permeability decline. Grain crushing and the creation of a secondary fines population exacerbates pore blockage that results from mobilization of loosely attached kaolinite or other non-load bearing fine particles. Pore volume compressibility data indicate that compaction effects are significant and pose a potentially serious production problem during depletion. Pore volume lost during depletion is non-recoverable and will not "rebound." Re-injection of water will not re-establish the pore volume lost during compaction as a result of reservoir depletion. Compressibility and compaction trends in the Lower Captain Sandstone contradict several petroleum industry theories. Effective confining pressure and effective mean stress were higher under uniaxial strain boundary versus triaxial conditions and play a greater role in compaction than shear stresses. Captain pseudo shales exhibit strain-softening behavior and peak strengths are quite close to residual strengths. Captain pseudo shales clearly have residual load-bearing capacity and strain-softening promotes plasticicity.  Use of standard core analysis methods to measure pore volume compressibility and fines migration potential are highly discouraged in unconsolidated as well as consolidated sandstones. Petrographic, mineralogical, and routine petrophysical analyses are essential in the interpretation of rock mechanics data.

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PASTORE, GUIDO. "Sand provenance and dispersal in the Sahara and Kalahari deserts: fluvial aeolian interactions and climatic implications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/404096.

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Questa tesi presenta lo studio della composizione delle sabbie dei più grandi deserti africani e dei fiumi limitrofi al fine di illustrare gli effetti dell'interazione tra processi fluviali ed eolici sul trasporto di sedimenti in ambiente arido. Le sabbie del Sahara, del Kalahari e dello Zambesi sono state analizzate mediante petrografia, mineralogia della frazione pesante e geocronologia U-Pb di zirconi detritici. Per il caso di studio dello Zambesi sono stati analizzati anche la geochimica elementare, gli isotopi del Nd e i minerali delle argille. I campi di dune del Sahara sono, con poche eccezioni, composti da pura sabbia quarzosa con suite di minerali pesanti molto impoverite, dominate da minerali ultrastabili. La composizione varia solamente lungo la Valle del Nilo, in prossimità della catena dell'Anti-Atlante e alla provincia vulcanica libica. La sabbia delle dune del Kalahari è costituita principalmente da quarzo associato a minerali pesanti ultrastabili. La composizione varia solo ai margini occidentali e orientali del deserto, riflettendo in parte l’apporto fluviale di primo ciclo dai basamenti cristallini nella Namibia centrale, nello Zimbabwe occidentale e nelle dune vicino alle cascate Vittoria dove i sedimenti sono erosi dalle lave del Karoo. La morfologia segmentata del fiume Zambesi si riflette nella sua mineralogia e geochimica. La sabbia quarzosa erosa dalle dune del deserto del Kalahari viene progressivamente arricchita in frammenti litici basaltici e clinopirosseno. Successivamente nuovo apporto di sedimenti avviene a valle del lago Kariba, documentando una graduale diminuzione del quarzo e dei minerali ultrastabili. La composizione diventa quarzo-feldspatica nel tratto finale. L'abbondanza di feldspato nella sabbia del basso Zambesi non ha equivalenti tra i grandi fiumi sulla Terra e supera di gran lunga quella nei sedimenti del delta e della piattaforma, rivelando che il segnale di provenienza dell’alto Zambezi ha cessato di essere propagato a valle dopo la chiusura delle grandi dighe. La smectite, dominante nei fanghi generati dai basalti del Karoo o nel clima equatoriale delle pianure mozambicane, prevale su illite e kaolinite. La geochimica indica: l'aggiunta di quarzo per riciclo; l'erosione dei basalti del Karoo; l’erosione dei basamenti precambriani. Lo studio di Sahara e Kalahari consente di mettere a confronto deserti dominati dai processi eolici e deserti caratterizzati da una consistente interazione fluvio-eolica. Nel Sahara, la maggior parte della sabbia sembra essere riciclata da arenarie quarzose e il principale meccanismo erosivo e di trasporto è il vento. Nel Kalahari, i sedimenti sono trasportati dai fiumi che, erodendo gli orogeni ai fianchi del deserto, accumulano e omogeneizzano il detrito al centro del bacino grazie all’azione eolica. Lo studio permette di riconsiderare criticamente diversi dogmi della sedimentologia, come il presunto aumento della “maturità” mineralogica durante il trasporto fluviale: i sedimenti dell’alto Zambezi, erosi dalle dune del Kalahari e ricchi di quarzo, vengono progressivamente diluiti da sedimenti lito-feldspatici lungo il corso del fiume. Gli indici geochimici e la composizione dei fanghi sembrano indicare maggiore alterazione chimica nell'arido bacino dell’alto Zambesi rispetto al più umido Zambesi centrale e inferiore, testimoniando che il segnale di “paleo-alterazione del Kalahari” registrato nei sedimenti delle dune viene trasportato a valle fino alla foce.
This thesis presents a study of the composition of sand from desert dunes and adjacent rivers across the African continent to illustrate the effects of the interplay between fluvial and aeolian processes on sediment transport in desertic environments. The Sahara, Kalahari and Zambezi samples were analyzed by bulk-petrography, heavy-mineral, and detrital-zircon U–Pb geochronology. For the Zambezi case study, elemental geochemistry, Nd isotopes and clay minerals were also analyzed. Saharan dune fields are generally composed of pure quartzose sand with very poor heavy-mineral suites dominated by ultrastable minerals. Relatively varied compositions characterize sand along the Nile Valley, the southern front of the Anti-Atlas belt and near a basaltic field in Libya. Kalahari dune sand mostly consists of monocrystalline quartz associated with durable heavy. Composition varies only at the western and eastern edges of the desert, reflecting partly first-cycle fluvial supply eroded from crystalline basements of Cambrian to Archean age in central Namibia and western Zimbabwe. Basaltic detritus from Jurassic Karoo lavas is dominant in dunes near Victoria Falls. The segmented morphology of Zambezi River is reflected by its mineralogy and geochemistry. Pure quartzose sand recycled from Kalahari Desert dunes in the uppermost tract is next progressively enriched in basaltic rock fragments and clinopyroxene. Sediment load is renewed first downstream of Lake Kariba, documenting a stepwise decrease in quartz and durable heavy minerals. Composition becomes quartzo-feldspathic in the lower tract. Feldspar abundance in Lower Zambezi sand has no equivalent among big rivers on Earth and far exceeds that in sediments of the northern delta, shelf, and slope, revealing that provenance signals from the upper reaches have ceased to be transmitted across the routing system after closure of the big dams. Irumide ages predominate over Pan-African, Eburnean, and Neoarchean ages. Smectite, dominant in mud generated from Karoo basalts or in the equatorial climate of the Mozambican lowlands, prevails over illite and kaolinite. Elemental geochemistry reflects quartz addition by recycling, supply from Karoo basalts, and first-cycle provenance from Precambrian basements. Sahara and Kalahari case studies allow to study in situ sand generation by wind erosion versus external fluvial supply in arid environment. In the Sahara, most sand appears to be recycled from rocks with high sand-generation potential, and the main transport mechanism is the wind saltation and dune movement. In Kalahari, sediments are fed by rivers by first cycle erosion of exposed orogens at the flanks of the desert and therein homogenised. The contrasting effect of strong recycling by wind and fresh supply from rivers are the key factor for most deserts studied in literature and their identification in terms of mineralogy and provenance is proved to be precious for present and past climatic debate. In addition, evaluating the results from the Kalahari and Zambezi studies allows to critically reconsider several dogmas, such as the supposed increase of mineralogical “maturity” during long-distance fluvial transport. This is strongly affected by provenance factors: quartz-rich recycled Kalahari dune sand is progressively diluted along the Zambezi River by sediment supplied by different crustal domains. Inheritance of the “Kalahari paleo-weathering signal” by Zambezi River is highlighted also by geochemical indexes and mud composition which appear to be oddly more affected by weathering in the arid Uppermost Zambezi catchment than in the wetter Middle and Lower Zambezi.
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RESENTINI, ALBERTO. "Quantitative provenance analysis of modern sands: bulk petrography, heavy minerals apatite fission tracks." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19000.

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Sediment petrography and heavy mineral analysis represent two key techniques to decipher the pieces of information stored in the sedimentary record, shedding light on source rocks compositon, weathering conditions and paleodrainages. Traditionally, even though orogenic detritus has always received large attention, orogenic provenance has been recognized as “composite”, thus preventing clear classification. Notwithstanding the composite nature of collision orogens, the detrital fingerprints of neometamorphic axial belts, largely experiencing strong exhumation and erosion, can be regarded as the diagnostic signature of orogenic detritus. We thus decided to focus our attention on the analysis of modern river sands from the Alpine belt, getting full quantitative information both on bulk compositions and heavy mineral assemblages. Within the Austroalpine Cretaceous and Penninic Eocene axial belts of the Alps, we ideally distinguish three structural levels, each characterized by diagnostic detrital fingerprints. The shallow level chiefly consists of offscraped remnant-ocean turbidites and unmetamorphosed continental-margin sediments, and mostly produces lithic to quartzolithic sedimentaclastic sands yielding very-poor heavy-mineral suites including ultrastable minerals. The intermediate level includes low-grade metasediments and polymetamorphic basements, and sheds quartzolithic to feldspatholithoquartzose metamorphiclastic sands yielding moderately-rich epidote-amphibole suites with chloritoid or garnet. The deep level contains eclogitic remnants of continent-ocean transitions, and supplies feldspatholithoquartzose/feldspathoquartzose high-rank metamorphiclastic to lithic ultramaficlastic sands yielding rich to extremely-rich suites dominated by garnet, hornblende, or epidote depending on protoliths (continental vs. oceanic) and pressure/temperature paths during exhumation. Although widely overprinted under greenschist-facies or amphibolite-facies conditions, occurrence of ultradense eclogite in source areas is readily revealed by the Heavy Mineral Concentration (HMC) index, which mirrors the average density of source rocks in the absence of hydraulic-sorting effects. Rather than the pressure peak reached at depth, the Metamorphic Index (MI) and Hornblende Colour Index (HCI) reflect peak temperatures reached at later stages, when subduction is throttled by arrival of thicker continental crust and geothermal gradients increase, as documented in detritus derived from the Tauern window and Lepontine dome. Experience gained from modern sediments, and appropriate statistical techniques provides fundamental help to decrypt the information stored in the sedimentary record, and thus to identify and reconstruct subduction events of the past. Besides the fundamental contribution that modern sediment analysis can bring in understanding ancient sandstone successions, it can also give insights on short-term erosion distribution over wide areas and readily detect potential area of focused erosion. We tested a new quantitative approach based on the integration of compositional data and detrital apatite fission-tracks in two valleys of the western Alps (Arc and Dora Baltea basins). Samples for bulk-petrography and fission-track analysis were collected at different closure sections along the trunk, in order to investigate how the detrital signal evolves when detritus from different sub-basins is progressively added to the system. Fission-track analysis is a powerful integration tool to quantify sediments mixing if source areas experienced contrasting exhumation paths. Fission-track grain-age distributions provide not only information on long-term exhumation patterns, based on the age of the peaks, but also provide first-order constraints on short-term erosion rates by comparison between the size of the peaks and the size of potential source areas. In the Dora Baltea catchment, the apatite load derives from two major fault-bounded blocks, the Western one yielding 43% of the total amount of apatite, and the Eastern one yielding the remaining 57%. In the Arc catchment, contribution is 29% from the Eastern Block, 14% from the Houiller-Subbriançonnais units and 57% from the Belledonne-Dauphinois units. We assessed apatite fertility in source-rocks by measuring apatite content in processed sediments, after checking for anomalous hydraulic concentrations by geochemical analyses. The lack of compositional anomalies for elements between Y and Cr, largely hosted in ultradense minerals, grants that source-rocks distribution in the basin is faithfully reflected by detrital assemblages. Results demonstrate that erosional processes were focused in different areas of the Western Alps at long-term and short-term timescales, and are now concentrated in the External Massifs. No clear relationship between erosion and climate or relief is observed in this sector of the belt, where endogenic forces may represent the main controlling factor on both long-term and short-term erosion rates.
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Paredes, Carrasco Alexander Edward, and Herrera Edson Rodolfo Guillen. "Evaluación de la calidad del concreto hidráulico usando agregado fino marginal en el proyecto rehabilitación y mejoramiento de la carretera DV. Imperial – Pampas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2015. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/1338.

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Para la presente investigación de tesis desarrollada entre los distritos de Imperial y Pampas, provincia de Tayacaja, en el departamento de Huancavelica, se tiene como unidad de análisis a 60 muros de contención, donde se aplicó criterios muestréales de 23 muros f´c 210 kg/cm2. Como resultados alcanzados se logró elaborar concreto hidráulico de calidad usando agregado fino marginal con el cual se pudo satisfacer los parámetros de resistencia y durabilidad. Para demostrar la durabilidad se realizaron distintos ensayos; los que no cumplieron con las especificaciones de la norma EG-2000 fueron el de Equivalente de arena MTC E 114, Material que pasa el Tamiz N°200 MTC E 202 y Análisis granulométrico por tamizado ASTM C 136, por lo cual se efectuaron análisis más rigurosos como: el ensayo de Valor de azul de metileno y el ensayo de Análisis petrográfico macroscópico y microscópico en agregados para concreto ASTM C 295, donde se obtuvo como resultado que la arena no presenta elementos activos en su composición, lo que quiere decir que ante las condiciones ambientales de la zona estos elementos no se expanden ni se contraen y adicionalmente como medida de control se diseñó la mezcla de concreto hidráulico con aditivo incorporador de aire AirMix-200. Del mismo informe petrográfico se concluyó que la composición principal del agregado es la caliza, la cual es materia prima para la elaboración del cemento, que de alguna manera adicional ayuda a cumplir satisfactoriamente el parámetro de resistencia. Así mismo quedó demostrado que a través de ensayos a compresión no confinada de testigos de concreto, se alcanzó resistencias superiores a lo requerido en la norma EG-2000. Research for this thesis developed between the districts of Imperial and Pampas, Tayacaja province, in the department of Huancavelica, it has the analysis unit 60 retaining walls, where 23 sample criteria applied walls f´c 210 kg/cm2. Results obtained are as elaborate hydraulic concrete achievement of marginal quality using fine aggregate with which it was able to satisfy the parameters of strength and durability. To demonstrate the durability various tests were performed; those who do not comply with the specifications of the EG-2000 were rule the sand equivalent MTC E 114, passes what material the sieve No. 200 MTC E 202 and sieve analysis ASTM C 136, here by which they were made Analysis More rigorous like: The test value of methylene blue and testing of macroscopic and microscopic petrographic analysis in paragraph aggregate concrete ASTM C 295, where it resulted the sand without presents elements active in their composition, which means they say to the area Environmental Conditions These elements do not expand or contract and additionally as a control measure of self-design hydraulic concrete mix with entraining admixture AirMix-200 air. Same petrographic report concluded that the composition of the director of aggregate is limestone, which is a raw material for the production of cement, which in some additionally helps one perform satisfactorily resistance parameter. Also it demonstrated that one through essays of unconfined compressive concrete witness, higher strengths than required was reached in the EG-2000 standard.
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Schilling, Andrea J. "RECONSTRUCTING PAST ANTARCTIC ICE FLOW PATHS IN THE ROSS EMBAYMENT, ANTARCTICA USING SAND PETROGRAPHY, PARTICLE SIZE AND DETRITAL ZIRCON PROVENANCE." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2133.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Tills for this study were analyzed from sites in East Antarctica (EA), West Antarctica (WA) and along a transect in the Ross Sea. Particle size, sand petrography, and detrital zircons were used to provide new information on the subglacial geology of Antarctica, as well as assisting in the reconstruction of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice flow paths. Statistical analyses using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S test) reveal that EA and WA zircon age distributions are distinct at a P-value <0.05. This makes it possible to trace the unique signatures from EA and WA into the Ross Sea.
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7

TENTORI, DANIEL. "Sedimentary Petrography and Sequence Stratigraphy: the relationships between compositional signatures and sequence- stratigraphic framework of siliciclastic successions." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1362441.

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L'uso di procedure petrografiche per caratterizzare le variazioni composizionali all'interno di successioni sedimentarie e in corrispondenza di discontinuità stratigrafiche è stato applicato con successo in diversi studi di provenienza. Tuttavia, l’analisi delle variazioni composizionali dei sedimenti come supporto all'interpretazione stratigrafico-sequenziale di una successione sedimentaria è ancora in una fase iniziale e richiede ulteriori casi di studio per verificarne l'efficacia. La composizione e la tessitura dei sedimenti sono controllate dagli stessi fattori allogenici (ad es. fluttuazioni eustatiche, climatiche e tettoniche) e autogenici (ad es. trasporto di sedimenti, selezione idraulica e processi post-deposizionali) che governano l'architettura stratigrafico- sequenziale di una successione sedimentaria. I processi allogenici agiscono su scale temporali prolungate e controllano i tassi di apporto sedimentario, la composizione di sedimenti, la fisiografia del bacino e lo spazio di accodamento. I processi autogenici si verificano su scale temporali più brevi ma possono avere una notevole influenza sulle variazioni locali dell'apporto sedimentario che si riflettono in variazioni composizionali con basso potenziale di correlazione all’interno del bacino sedimentario. Questo lavoro indaga sulle modificazioni composizionali dei sedimenti all'interno dei systems tracts di sequenze deposizionali sviluppate in depositi terrigeni continentali e marini al fine di investigare gli effetti delle forzanti autogeniche e allogeniche sulla distribuzione e sulla composizione del sedimento. A tale scopo, è stata esaminata la variabilità composizionale, sia delle sabbie attuali nei sistemi fluviali del Tevere e del Po, sia dei loro depositi tardo-pleistocenici e olocenici per i quali è ben conosciuta l’architettura stratigrafico-sequenziale. Nel caso del Tevere sono stati anche esaminate i depositi delle unità più antiche le quali, complessivamente, definiscono quella che in letteratura è conosciuta come Sequenza Deposizionale di Ponte Galeria. I trend composizionali più evidenti si registrano nei passaggi tra i system tracts delle sequenze di alto e basso rango; essi riflettono cambiamenti di provenienza in risposta a cambiamenti relativi del livello del mare regolate per lo più da forzanti allogeniche. L’analisi delle variazioni petrografiche con più basso potenziale di correlazione all’interno di questi bacini sedimentario riflettono, al contrario, processi sedimentari locali che operano nei diversi ambienti deposizionali e la loro interpretazione è resa possibile dal confronto con le mode detritiche dei sistemi attuali. La successione Medio Pleistocenica-Olocenica nel Bacino Romano rappresenta il prodotto di una stretta interazione tra tettonica, attività vulcanica, e fluttuazioni glacio-eustatiche. Tale interazione si riflette in un modello stratificato complesso in cui vengono sviluppate sequenze deposizionali di alto (durata circa 1 milione di anni) e di basso rango (con durata da 30 a 120 ky), e dove vengono registrati cambiamenti qualitativi e quantitativi nella composizione dei sedimenti. L'evoluzione tettonica e vulcanica Pleistocenica del bacino idrografico del fiume Tevere ha svolto un ruolo importante nel controllare la riorganizzazione idrografica e la provenienza dei sedimenti, che a sua volta si riflette nella composizione degli stessi. Questi processi si sono sommati alle fluttuazioni glacio-eustatiche del livello del mare e insieme hanno controllato l’architettura stratigrafica e la composizione delle sabbie nella sequenza deposizionale di alto rango di Ponte Galeria. Nel sistema attuale del fiume Tevere, i trend composizionali delle sabbie registrano l’interazione tra cambiamenti di provenienza, attività antropica e gli effetti dei fattori autogenici locali negli ambienti deposizionali continentali e marini. Le petrofacies sono controllate da processi fisici (es. abrasione meccanica durante trasporto eolico, selezione idraulica e frazionamento idrodinamico per granulometria) e di mixing sedimentario all'interno di ciascun ambiente deposizionale. Le variazioni di provenienza nei depositi del Pleistocene Superiore-Olocene del bacino del Po rispecchiano la riorganizzazione paleogeografica dell’area durante l'ultimo ciclo glaciale- interglaciale (120 kyr) e, più in particolare durante la risalita olocenica del livello marino. In particolare, la superficie di trasgressione che separa il lowstand dal transgressive system tracts della sequenza di basso rango del Po registra un grande cambiamento nella composizione dei frammenti litici che riflettono una variazione nella direzione di dispersione di sedimenti durante la transizione da un sistema deposizionale da alluvionale a estuario. Al contrario, nessun cambiamento significativo viene registrato al di sopra della superficie di massima ingressione marina (maximum flooding surface) dal momento che non si registrano particolari cambiamenti di provenienza. I controlli secondari sulla composizione della sabbia includono la selezione idrodinamica per granulometria e il mixing sedimentario lungo la costa. Sebbene le unità stratigrafiche deposte durante specifiche fasi di cicli relativi del livello del mare (e.g., systems tracts) sono spesso associate a petrofacies che riflettono cambiamenti paleogeografici e di provenienza dei sedimenti, i principali meccanismi di controllo autogenici e allogenici non sempre possono essere discriminati con la sola petrografia del sedimentario. In particolare, la sovrapposizione di molteplici forzanti (es., attività tettonica e vulcanica e attività tettonica e fluttuazioni eustatiche) rendono l'interpretazione delle mode detritiche molto complessa. L'analisi dei trend composizionali all'interno delle successioni sedimentarie del Po e del Tevere mostra che, quando le superfici di discontinuità stratigrafica non sono associate a grandi cambiamenti composizionali (ad es. variabilità composizionale tra sequenze di basso rango), gli effetti dei fattori autogenici locali e di quelli allogenici possono risultare difficili da essere distinti. Le sequenze tardo Quaternarie di basso rango registrano, infatti, variazioni eustatiche ad alta- frequenza che producono una elevata variabilità di facies che si traduce in variazioni composizionali con basso potenziale di correlazione e controllate dai processi che agiscono all’interno degli ambienti deposizionali.
The use of petrographic procedures to characterize compositional variations within sedimentary successions and across stratigraphic unconformities has been successfully applied in different provenance studies. However, the use of variation in sand composition to support sequence- stratigraphic interpretation is still in an early stage and requires more case studies to test its effectiveness. Sediment composition and texture are controlled by the same allogenic (e.g., eustatic, climatic and tectonic changes) and autogenic (e.g., sediment transport, hydraulic sorting and post depositional processes) factors that govern the sequence-stratigraphic architecture of a sedimentary succession. Allogenic processes act on a long temporal scale and controls the rate and composition of sediment supply, basin physiography, and accommodation space. Autogenic processes occur over shorter temporal scales but may have considerable influence on local sediment supply and have low correlation potential across the sedimentary basin. This work investigates how sediment composition varies within the systems tracts forming depositional sequences in continental and marine siliciclastic sedimentary succession in response to autogenic and allogenic forcing. For this purpose, I examined the sand variability along the modern Tevere and Po River systems and within their associated sedimentary successions for which the sequence-stratigraphic framework was already defined. Compositional trends within high-rank and low-rank depositional sequences of the Pleistocene to Holocene Roman and Po basins suggests that major provenance changes occurred in response to allogenic processes that forced major paleogeographic rearrangement associated with cyclic changes in relative-sea level. Subtle and local petrographic changes with low correlation potential across the sedimentary basin reflect instead the sedimentary processes operating in each depositional environment and their understanding is possible through comparison with modern detrital signatures. The Middle Pleistocene to Holocene succession of the Roman Basin records a close interaction among tectonic uplift, volcanism, climate, and glacio-eustasy. Such interaction is reflected in a complex stratal pattern and stratigraphic architecture where high-rank and low-rank depositional sequences are developed and where qualitative and quantitative changes in sand composition are recorded across the systems tracts of the higher-rank Ponte Galeria Depositional Sequence (PGS). Tectonic evolution in the Tiber River drainage basin following Pleistocene volcanic activity played a major role controlling provenance and magnitude of erosion and stream-network reorganization in the Tiber drainage basin, which in turn is reflected in sand composition. Relative sea-level changes reflect local tectonic effects (regional uplift and volcanism) which overrode glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuations and controlled the overall stacking pattern and composition of the low-rank sequences forming the PGS. In the modern Tiber River system, sand compositional trends reflect provenance mixing, anthropic intervention, and the effects of local autogenic factors in continental to marine depositional environments. Petrofacies trends are linked, and intimately controlled by physical processes (e.g., hydraulic sorting and hydrodynamic fractionation by grain-size) and sedimentary mixing within each depositional environment. Provenance changes within the Upper Pleistocene to Holocene Po coastal plain deposits reflect the paleogeographic reorganization during the last glacial-interglacial cycle (120 kyr). Compositional signatures of sand deposits record the effect of sea-level transgression in controlling sediment generation and dispersal paths throughout the Po low-rank sequence development. The transgressive surface, which separates the lowstand from the transgressive system tracts marks a major change in lithic fragment composition that documents a major paleodrainage rearrangement and reflects the abrupt transition from an alluvial to an estuarine depositional system. In contrast, no significant change at the maximum flooding surface is captured in the sand petrographic record. Secondary controls on sand composition include downstream hydrodynamic sorting by size and sedimentary mixing by alongshore currents. Stratigraphic units deposited during specific phases of relative sea-level cycles (e.g., systems tracts) are associated with petrofacies that reflect paleogeographic rearrangement and changes in sediment dispersal paths. Although compositional changes across key boundaries surfaces and within depositional sequences help detecting major paleogeographic changes, the main controls mechanisms that govern changes in relative sea-level cannot always be disentangled when looking at sediment petrography alone. In particular, the superposition of multiple forcing mechanisms (e.g., tectonic vs. volcanic activity and tectonism vs. eustatic fluctuations) makes the interpretation of detrital modes very challenging. The analysis of compositional trends within the Po and Tevere sedimentary successions show that when key boundaries surfaces are not associated with major compositional changes (e.g. variability across low-rank sequences) it is very difficult to disentangle the superposed effects of intrinsic and local factors that add to the time-dependent forcing mechanism. The stacking pattern of low-rank and high-frequency late Quaternary sequences record short-term eustatic cyclicity and results in a vertical succession of facies which in turn controls the compositional trends of the deposits.
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Παπαδόπουλος, Παναγιώτης. "Μελέτη καταλληλότητας ανθρακικών πετρωμάτων ζώνης Ωλονού-Πίνδου του Ν. Αιτωλοακαρνανίας για χρήση τους σε έργα οδοποιΐας." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/7491.

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Στην εργασία αυτή αξιολογούνται οι πετρογραφικές και φυσικομηχανικές ιδιότητες που καθορίζουν την καταλληλότητα των ανθρακικών σχηματισμών του Νομού Αιτωλοακαρνανίας Δυτικής Ελλάδας,που ανήκουν στη ζώνη Ωλονού-Πίνδου ηλικίας Άνω Κρητιδικού.Σκοπός είναι να συσχετισθούν οι ιδιότητες αυτές,να προσδιοριστεί η συμπεριφορά των αργιλικών προσμίξεων και να καθορισθεί η καταλληλότητας τους,για χρήση τους ως αδρανή σε έργα οδοποιϊας.Δυο από τις δοκιμές που προσδιορίζουν την καθαρότητα των αδρανών είναι η δοκιμή ισοδύναμου άμμου και η δοκιμή μπλε του μεθυλενίου,τα αποτελέσματα των οποίων συσχετίστηκαν με τις πετρογραφικές και φυσικομηχανικές παραμέτρους των πετρωμάτων.
In this paper we evaluate the petrographic and physicomechanical properties which determine the suitability of carbonate formations of Aitoloakarnania Western Greece , in Olonos - Pindos unit Cretaceous age.The objective is to relate these properties to determine the behavior of clay impurities and determine the suitability for use as aggregates in road construction.Two of the tests that used to determine the purity of the aggregates is the sand equivalent and methylene blue, the results of which were associated with the petrographic and physico-mechanical parameters of rocks .
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Ζαχαρίου, Ολίβια. "Τεχνολογική μελέτη αρχαίων κεράμων της Αρχαϊκής, Ελληνιστικής και Ρωμαϊκής περιόδου και αργιλικών πρώτων υλών από τις περιοχές Sant’ Angelo Vecchio και Pantanello (Μετάποντιο, Μπαζιλικάτα, Ιταλία) : Ορυκτοπετρογραφική και γεωχημική προσέγγιση." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/7905.

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Το Μεταπόντιο (Μπαζιλικάτα, Ν. Ιταλία) αποτελεί μια από τις πρώτες και σημαντικότερες ελληνικές αποικίες της Αχαΐας, ενώ ταυτόχρονα θεωρείται ως η πρώτη επιτυχημένη προσπάθεια αποικιακού κινήματος σε παγκόσμια κλίμακα. Οι ανασκαφές που έχουν πραγματοποιηθεί στην ευρύτερη περιοχή από τη δεκαετία του 1970 έχουν επιτρέψει την ανάπτυξη μιας ενδελεχούς διεπιστημονικής προσέγγισης σε μια πληθώρα θεματολογιών που αφορούν την ανθρωπολογία, την γεωργία, την αστική γεωγραφία, τις διατροφικές συνήθειες, τις πολιτικές σχέσεις μητρόπολης-αποικίας κ.α. Οι ανασκαφές που έχουν διεξαχθεί στους αρχαιολογικούς χώρους των περιοχών Sant’ Angelo Vecchio, Pantanello και Kerameikos στην περιοχή του Μεταπόντιου έχουν αποκαλύψει εργαστηριακούς χώρους παραγωγής, αρχαίων κεραμικών υλικών αρχαϊκής, ελληνιστικής και ρωμαϊκής περιόδου αναδεικνύοντας την περιοχή ως ένα από τα πλέον σημαντικά κέντρα παραγωγής κεραμικής των περιόδων αυτών. Έχοντας ως απώτερο στόχο να αποτελέσει τη βάση της αρχαιομετρικής μελέτης της κεραμικής ειδωλίων και πήλινων πλακών τύπου Terracotta που αποτελεί σήμα κατατεθέν της συγκεκριμένης περιοχής, η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία έχει ως σκοπό να προσφέρει τις απαραίτητες εκείνες πληροφορίες που απαιτούνται για τις πρώτες ύλες που είναι διαθέσιμες στην περιοχή, τον πετρογραφικό και γεωχημικό χαρακτηρισμό της τοπικής κεραμικής αλλά και για την τεχνολογία και την παραγωγική διαδικασία που ακολούθησαν οι αρχαίοι κεραμείς. Για την απόληψη πρώτων υλών πραγματοποιήθηκαν διατρήσεις βάθους έως 2 μέτρων εντός των αρχαιολογικών χώρων του Sant’ Angelo Vecchio και του Pantanello. Ως κεραμικό υλικό επιλέχθηκε να μελετηθούν κεραμικά δομικά υλικά, κυρίως κέραμοι αλλά και πλάκες κάλυψης ταφικών δομών και πήλινοι αγωγοί αποστράγγισης. Συνολικά επιλέχθηκαν 37 δείγματα αρχαίων κεράμων, 2 κονιάματα, 6 δείγματα αργιλικών πρώτων υλών και 2 δείγματα άμμων. Ο κύριος σκοπός της μελέτης αυτής ήταν ο προσδιορισμός των ιστολογικών και συστασιακών τους χαρακτηριστικών ώστε να καθοριστεί η προέλευση των δειγμάτων αυτών με τη χρήση ορυκτολογικών, πετρογραφικών και γεωχημικών αναλύσεων. Τα συμπεράσματα που προέκυψαν, επέτρεψαν το σχηματισμό και χαρακτηρισμό συστασιακών ομάδων βάσει της ορυκτολογικής, πετρογραφικής και χημικής τους σύστασης, καθώς και την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων για τις συνθήκες όπτησης του αρχαιολογικού υλικού. Στα παραπάνω αποτελέσματα στηρίχθηκε και ο σχεδιασμός του πειραματικού σταδίου, που συμπεριέλαβε την παρασκευή κεραμικών δοκιμίων (briquettes) από τα επιλεγμένα δείγματα αργιλικών πρώτων υλών και εν συνεχεία την πειραματική τους έψηση. Η σύγκριση των πετρογραφικών και χημικών δεδομένων μεταξύ των κεράμων και των αργιλικών πρώτων υλών οδήγησε στην ταυτοποίηση των αργίλων από την περιοχή Sant’ Angelo Vecchio ως πηγή της πρώτης ύλης που χρησιμοποιήθηκε σε μέγιστο βαθμό για την κεραμική ύλη στην περιοχή αυτή. Στην περιοχή του Pantanello, αντίθετα δεν κατέστη δυνατή η άμεση συσχέτιση των πρώτων υλών που αναλύθηκαν με τις αρχαίες κεράμους που μελετήθηκαν από την περιοχή, ωστόσο τα αποτελέσματα έδωσαν σημαντικά στοιχεία που υποδεικνύουν μια περισσότερο πολύπλοκη διαδικασία παραγωγής.
The colonization of the Metaponto area (Basilicata, Southern Italy) is considered as the first successful colonial movement worldwide. The strong relationship of the colonies established therein with the area of Achaia (Greece) has indicated the latter as the possible Metropolis. The archaeological excavations carried out in the area since the 1970s, have triggered the interest of the archaeologists and led them to apply several multi-disciplinary research projects in a variety of themes relating to anthropology, agriculture, urban geography, eating habits, social-economic relations between metropolis-colony etc. The excavations that carried out at the archaeological sites of Sant' Angelo Vecchio, Pantanello and Kerameikos in Metaponto, have revealed ancient ceramics of Archaic, Hellenistic and Roman periods at ceramic workshops and indicated this area as one of the most important pottery production centers throughout time. Coroplastic figurines and Terracotta plates as well as table ware and cooking ware constitute some of the most important expressions of the ceramic artisans in this area. Aiming to build a scientific foundation for the detailed archaeometric study of likewise material, the effort of the present study was to establish the means and the tools towards such an approach. In order to achieve this, the local ceramic production should have been characterized by means of compositional and textural parameters aiming to play the role of local reference groups. In this respect, clayey raw materials and ceramic tiles have been selected from the study area and studied by employing minero-petrographic and geochemical techniques. Sampling of the raw materials was performed in the archaeological sites of Sant' Angelo Vecchio and Pantanello by perforations to a depth of 2 meters. The ceramic materials selected comprise roof tiles, tomb tiles and drainage pipes. The selected material included 37 samples of ceramic tiles, 2 samples of mortars, 6 samples of Pliocene clayey sediments and 2 sand samples. The main purpose of the study was to establish local ceramic reference groups and draw conclusions about the conditions of firing of the ancient tiles. The laboratory work included the preparation of briquettes from the selected samples of clay sediments and their experimental firing in a high temperature kiln. The analyses performed in both the ceramic samples and the experimental briquettes comprised their macroscopic observation, mineralogical and petrographic examination and geochemical analysis. The comparison between them has permitted to identify the clays source employed for the manufacture of the tiles from Sant’ Angelo Vecchio. On the other hand, in Pantanello a similarly straightforward correlation between the tiles and the locally available clayey raw material was not easy to be highlighted. The results revealed important evidence suggesting a more complex production chain in that area
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Books on the topic "Sand Petrography"

1

Gravesen, Peter. Petrography of the quartz sand deposits of the Lower Cretaceous of Bornholm, Denmark. København: I kommission hos C.A. Reitzels Forlag, 1986.

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2

Dickinson, William R. Temper Sands in Prehistoric Ocenian Pottery: Geotectonics, Sedimentology, Petrography, Provenance (Special Paper (Geological Society of America)). Geological Society of America, 2006.

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Dickinson, William R. Temper Sands in Prehistoric Oceanian Pottery: Geotectonics, Sedimentology, Petrography, Provenance. Geological Society of America, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/spe406.

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Special Paper 406: Temper Sands in Prehistoric Oceanian Pottery: Geotectonics, Sedimentology, Petrography, Provenance. Geological Society of America, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2406-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sand Petrography"

1

Pettijohn, F. J., Paul Edwin Potter, and Raymond Siever. "Petrography of Common Sands and Sandstones." In Sand and Sandstone, 139–213. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1066-5_5.

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del Pilar Durante Ingunza, Maria, Antonio Carlos Galindo, and Ana Beatriz Azevedo de Medeiros. "Petrographic Characterization of Waste Rocks: Applicability as Concrete Aggregates." In IAEG/AEG Annual Meeting Proceedings, San Francisco, California, 2018 - Volume 3, 67–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93130-2_9.

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Brouwers, Luke Bernhard. "A Closer Look: Petrographic Analysis of Extremely Weak Sandstone/Cemented Sand of the Ghayathi Formation, Dubai, UAE." In Latest Advancements in Underground Structures and Geological Engineering, 12–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34178-7_2.

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Chiliza, Sibonakaliso G., and Egerton D. C. Hingston. "A Petrographic and Geotechnical Study of the Sandstone of the Fundudzi Formation, Lake Fundudzi, South Africa." In IAEG/AEG Annual Meeting Proceedings, San Francisco, California, 2018—Volume 6, 153–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93142-5_21.

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Nankua, Quinton, Egerton Daniel Christian Hingston, Sihle Mtshali, and Cebolenkosi Khumalo. "The Petrographic and Geotechnical Properties of a Dolerite Intrusion in the Assessment of Its Blasting Performance at the Magdalena Colliery, Dundee, South Africa." In IAEG/AEG Annual Meeting Proceedings, San Francisco, California, 2018 - Volume 3, 19–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93130-2_3.

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Heins, William A., and Suzanne Kairo. "Predicting sand character with integrated genetic analysis." In Sedimentary Provenance and Petrogenesis: Perspectives from Petrography and Geochemistry. Geological Society of America, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2420(20).

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Shapiro, Shawn A., Kathleen M. Marsaglia, and Lionel Carter. "The petrology and provenance of sand in the Bounty submarine fan, New Zealand." In Sedimentary Provenance and Petrogenesis: Perspectives from Petrography and Geochemistry. Geological Society of America, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2420(17).

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Picard, M. Dane, and Earle F. McBride. "Comparison of river and beach sand composition with source rocks, Dolomite Alps drainage basins, northeastern Italy." In Sedimentary Provenance and Petrogenesis: Perspectives from Petrography and Geochemistry. Geological Society of America, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2007.2420(01).

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Lugli, Stefano, Simona Marchetti Dori, and Daniela Fontana. "Alluvial sand composition as a tool to unravel late Quaternary sedimentation of the Modena Plain, northern Italy." In Sedimentary Provenance and Petrogenesis: Perspectives from Petrography and Geochemistry. Geological Society of America, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2420(05).

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Murillo-Jiménez, J. M., William Full, E. H. Nava-Sánchez, V. Camacho-Valdéz, and A. León-Manilla. "Sediment sources of beach sand from the southern coast of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico—Fourier grain-shape analysis." In Sedimentary Provenance and Petrogenesis: Perspectives from Petrography and Geochemistry. Geological Society of America, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2006.2420(18).

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Conference papers on the topic "Sand Petrography"

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Rosa, E. A. "Integrating Wireline Logs and Seismic Data to Analyse The Facies snd Paleogeography of Tanjung Formation, Barito Basin, South Kalimantan." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-sg-112.

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The study area is physiographically part of the Barito Basin, South Kalimantan (Van Bemmelen, 1949). 2D seismic data along with well logs from three wells, biostratigraphy data from two wells, and core data are utilized to do an integrated sequence stratigraphy. Petrography data from the equivalent formation at well-X from the study area is also used to support the evaluation. This study was to determine lithology facies and depositional environment based on several key maps: Sand Shale Ratio (SSR), Isopach, and Paleogeographic Maps. After that, seismically-supported sequence stratigraphy was applied to vertically and laterally subdivide the facies distribution and paleogeography into two depositional models based on the following key sequence-stratigraphic markers: (1) Sequence Boundary (SB)-1 to SB-2 that show regressive succession, and (2) SB-2 to Top Tanjung Formation that reflects transgressive phase.
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Бахматова, В. Н., Н. Г. Набиуллин, and Е. Д. Картелян. "ABOUT THE USING FINE (UNSANDY) CLAYS IN POTTERY OF THE POPULATION FROM THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION IN THE 10–15 CENTURIES." In Вестник "История керамики". Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2020.978-5-94375-316-9.126-150.

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В статье изложены итоги изучения традиций отбора и добычи исходного пластичного сырья, существовавшие в гончарстве населения, изготовлявшего керамику «джукетау». Проведено комплексное изучение технологии керамики этой группы в соответствие с историко-культурным подходом А. А. Бобринского: технико-технологический анализ и эксперимент в форме физического моделирования, а также использованы петрография (OMP) и эмиссионный спектральный анализ (ESA). Выявлена массовая традиция использования в качестве пластичного сырья незапесоченных глин. В округе городища Джукетау были зафиксированы выходы отложений глин серого цвета с высокой пластичностью. Анализ результатов эксперимента, составов проб сырья и керамики показал, что такие глины могли использовать гончары в качестве сырья для изготовления керамики этой группы. Изученные пробы сырья соотносятся с бентонитовыми глинами из верхнетретичных отложений. В результате сопоставления территории распространения этого вида глин в Поволжье и археологических памятников, содержащих керамику «джукетау», поставлен вопрос о зависимости этой гончарной системы от своей сырьевой базы. The article deals with the results of studies dedicated to the traditions of selection and extraction of clay raw material in the pottery of the population which made Dzhuketau ceramics. A comprehensive study of this group’s pottery in accordance with A. A. Bobrinsy’s historical and cultural approach was conducted which included technical-technological analysis and an experiment in the form of physical modelling, petrography (OMP) and emission spectral analysis (ESA) were also used. A wide-spread tradition of using fine clay (without sand) as plastic raw material was detected. The deposits of grey clay with high plasticity were found around Dzhuketau hillfort. The analysis of experiment results, content of samples of raw material and ceramics demonstrated that such clay could be used by potters as raw material for making ceramics of this group. Samples of raw material studied correspond to bentonite clays from the Upper Tertiary deposits. Through comparison of territories of such type of clays in the Volga region and archaeological sites with Dzhuketau pottery a question was raised about the dependence of this pottery system on such a raw material base.
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Brock, Jonathan E., and Ann E. Holmes. "PRELIMINARY PETROGRAPHIC AND CATHODOLUMINESCENCE STUDY OF SAN SALVADOR, BAHAMAS STRATIGRAPHY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-285094.

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Martin, Jordan D., William Krugh, William Krugh, Andrew Hurst, and Andrew Hurst. "SAND INJECTITE ARCHITECTURE AND PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF THE PANOCHE GIANT INJECTION COMPLEX, PANOCHE HILLS, CA." In 112th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016cd-274491.

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Giamello, Marco, Stefano Columbu, Fabio Gabbrielli, Sonia Mugnaini, and Andrea Scala. "Le tenaci malte della torre del castello di Cerreto Ciampoli (Siena, Italia)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11495.

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Strong mortars from the tower of the Cerreto Ciampoli castle (Siena, Italy)Known since the eleventh century, the castle of Cerreto Ciampoli was one of the main fortifications of the ancient Republic of Siena (Tuscany, Italy). The magnificent ruins, located on the top of a hill overlooking the Chianti Mountains, consist of two city walls, a door, a church, the remains of some rooms and a mighty tower lying on the ground broken up into five sections of several meters in length. The present study is focused on the analysis of the mineralogical-petrographic and chemical features of the sack and the bedding mortars of the tower, and it is aimed at understanding the exceptional qualities of these mortars that, during the collapse of the artifact, prevented the tower from shattering into smaller pieces. The tenacity of these mortars appears to be the result of the concurrence of more expedients, such as the choice of well-selected materials (hydraulic limes obtained from the local Alberese limestone, sandy aggregates from well-rinsed river sands with a high silicoclastic component) and the use of particular technical methods (i.e. hot lime technique).
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W. Al-Mehanna, Y., W. H. A. Al-Bazzaz, and A. R. Al-Farhan. "Investigation Up-scaled Petrophysical Measurements Using Several Micro-level FOV Petrographic Images on Burgan 3rd Sand." In 70th EAGE Conference and Exhibition - Workshops and Fieldtrips. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20147904.

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Johnson, Isaac, Glenn R. Sharman, Xiao Huang, and Eugene Szymanski. "MACHINE LEARNING APPLIED TO A PETROGRAPHIC DATABASE: INTRODUCING THE GLOBAL PREDICTION OF SAND MINERALOGY (GLOPRSM) MODEL." In GSA Connects 2021 in Portland, Oregon. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021am-368745.

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Zubi, Husamaldeen, Brian F. Platt, and Jennifer N. Gifford. "TEXTURAL AND PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSES OF SAND AND SANDSTONE SAMPLES FROM THE MERIDIAN SAND, GRENADA COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERPRETING DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND DIAGENETIC HISTORY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-339470.

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Beckham, Abigail, Bosiljka Glumac, H. Allen Curran, Skylar Kortright, and David H. Griffing. "PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF ENCRUSTERS ON CORALS FROM PLEISTOCENE REEFS ON SAN SALVADOR ISLAND, BAHAMAS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-308343.

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Dykstra, Michael R., Nicholas J. Van Buer, and Jonathan A. Nourse. "WHOLE-ROCK GEOCHEMISTRY, PETROGRAPHY AND PRELIMINARY U-PB ZIRCON ANALYSIS OF OLIGOCENE INTRUSIVES IN THE EASTERN SAN GABRIEL MOUNTAINS." In Joint 70th Annual Rocky Mountain GSA Section / 114th Annual Cordilleran GSA Section Meeting - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018rm-314342.

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Reports on the topic "Sand Petrography"

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Pe-Piper, G., D. J W Piper, J. Nagle, and P. Opra. Petrography of bedrock and ice-rafted granules: Flemish Cap, offshore Newfoundland and Labrador. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331224.

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This Open File report provides petrographic information from a scanning electron microscope study of granules and small pebbles in four selected trawl samples from Flemish Cap. The mineral composition of the granules was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and textures are shown in backscattered electron images (BSE). It complements Open File 8359 on the heavy mineral assemblage on Flemish Cap. Granules on the central shoals appear to be derived from outcropping Avalonian basement; those to the east and west are predominantly ice-rafted in origin. These data improve our understanding of the source of the voluminous sands on Flemish Cap and the characteristics of the Avalonian basement rocks on southern Flemish Cap.
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